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This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently

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45. The assembly consists of a steel rod CB and an

aluminum rod BA, each having a diameter of 12 mm. If the rod
is subjected to the axial loadings at A and at the coupling B,
determine the displacement of the coupling B and the end A.
The unstretched length of each segment is shown in the
figure. Neglect the size of the connections at B and C, and
assume that they are rigid. Est = 200 GPa, Eal = 70 GPa.

dB =

PL
=
AE

dA =

12(103)(3)
p
4

PL
=
AE

12(103)(3)
2

18 kN
6 kN
3m

= 0.00159 m = 1.59 mm

(0.012)2(200)(109)
p
4

2m

Ans.

18(103)(2)
9

(0.012) (200)(10 )

p
2
9
4 (0.012) (70)(10 )

= 0.00614 m = 6.14 mm

Ans.

Ans:
dB = 1.59 mm, dA = 6.14 mm
187

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410. The assembly consists of two 10-mm diameter red

brass C83400 copper rods AB and CD, a 15-mm diameter
304 stainless steel rod EF, and a rigid bar G. If the
horizontal displacement of end F of rod EF is 0.45 mm,
determine the magnitude of P.

300 mm
A

450 mm
B

P
E

4P
F

DG

Internal Loading: The normal forces developed in rods EF, AB, and CD are shown
on the free-body diagrams in Figs. a and b.
Displacement: The cross-sectional areas of rods EF and AB are AEF =

p
(0.0152 ) =
4

56.25(10 - 6 )p m2 and
AAB =

p
(0.012 ) = 25(10 - 6 )p m2.
4

dF =

PEF LEF
PAB LAB
PL
=
+
AE
AEF Est
AAB Ebr

0.45 =

P(300)

4P(450)
-6

56.25(10 )p(193)(10 )

-6

25(10 )p(101)(109)

P = 4967 N = 4.97 kN

Ans.

Ans:
P = 49.7 kN
192

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413. The rigid bar is supported by the pin-connected rod

CB that has a cross-sectional area of 14 mm2 and is made
from 6061-T6 aluminum. Determine the vertical deflection
of the bar at D when the distributed load is applied.

C
300 N/m
1.5 m
D
A

B
2m

a+ MA = 0;

2m

1200(2) - TCB(0.6)(2) = 0
TCB = 2000 N

dB>C =

(2000)(2.5)
PL
= 0.0051835
=
AE
14(10 - 6)(68.9)(109)

(2.5051835)2 = (1.5)2 + (2)2 - 2(1.5)(2) cos u

u = 90.248
u = 90.248 - 90 = 0.2478 = 0.004324 rad

dD = u r = 0.004324(4000) = 17.3 mm

Ans.

Ans:

dD = 17.3 mm
195

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417. The hanger consists of three 2014-T6 aluminum

alloy rods, rigid beams AC and BD, and a spring. If the
vertical displacement of end F is 5 mm, determine the
magnitude of the load P. Rods AB and CD each have a
diameter of 10 mm, and rod EF has a diameter of 15 mm.
The spring has a stiffness of k = 100 MN>m and is
unstretched when P = 0.

450 mm

450 mm

Internal Loading: The normal forces developed in rods EF, AB, and CD and the
spring are shown in their respective free-body diagrams shown in Figs. a, b, and c.

D
F

Displacements: The cross-sectional areas of the rods are

p
AEF = (0.0152) = 56.25(10 - 6)p m2 and
4
AAB = ACD =

p
(0.012) = 25(10 - 6)p m2.
4

dF>E =

P(450)
FEF LEF
= 34.836(10 - 6)P T
=
AEF Eal
56.25(10 - 6)p(73.1)(109)

dB>A =

(P>2)(450)
FAB LAB
= 39.190(10 - 6)P T
=
AAB Eal
25(10 - 6)p(73.1)(109)

The positive signs indicate that ends F and B move away from E and A, respectively.
Applying the spring formula with
k = c 100(103)

kN 1000 N
1m
da
ba
b = 100(103) N>mm.
m
1 kN
1000 mm

dE>B =

Fsp
k

-P
= - 10(10 - 6)P = 10(10 - 6)P T
100(103)

The negative sign indicates that E moves towards B. Thus, the vertical displacement
of F is
(+ T)

dF>A = dB>A + dF>E + dE>B

5 = 34.836(10 - 6)P + 39.190(10 - 6)P + 10(10 - 6)P
Ans.

P = 59 505.71 N = 59.5 kN

Ans:
P = 59.5 kN
199

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419. Collar A can slide freely along the smooth vertical

guide. If the vertical displacement of the collar is 0.035 in.
and the supporting 0.75 in. diameter rod AB is made of
304 stainless steel, determine the magnitude of P.

2 ft

B
1.5 ft

Internal Loading: The normal force developed in rod AB can be determined

by considering the equilibrium of collar A with reference to its free-body diagram,
Fig. a.
+ c Fy = 0;

4
- FAB a b - P = 0
5

FAB = - 1.25 P

Displacements: The cross-sectional area of rod AB is

AAB =

p
(0.752) = 0.4418 in2, and the initial length of rod AB is
4

LAB = 222 + 1.52 = 2.5 ft. The axial deformation of rod AB is

dAB =

- 1.25P(2.5)(12)
FABLAB
= - 0.003032P
=
AABEst
0.4418(28.0)(103)

The negative sign indicates that end A moves towards B. From the geometry shown
1.5
in Fig. b, we obtain u = tan - 1 a
b = 36.87. Thus,
2
dAB = (dA)V cos u
0.003032P = 0.035 cos 36.87
P = 9.24 kip

Ans.

Ans:
P = 9.24 kip
201

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433. The steel pipe is filled with concrete and subjected

to a compressive force of 80 kN. Determine the average
normal stress in the concrete and the steel due to this
loading. The pipe has an outer diameter of 80 mm and an
inner diameter of 70 mm. Est = 200 GPa, Ec = 24 GPa.

80 kN

500 mm

Pst + Pcon - 80 = 0

+ c Fy = 0;

(1)

dst = dcon
Pst L
p
2
4 (0.08

- 0.07 ) (200) (10 )

Pcon L
p
2
4 (0.07 ) (24)

(109)

Pst = 2.5510 Pcon

(2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

Pst = 57.47 kN
sst =

scon =

Pst
=
Ast

Pcon = 22.53 kN
57.47 (103)

p
4

(0.082 - 0.072)

= 48.8 MPa

Ans.

22.53 (103)
Pcon
= 5.85 MPa
= p
2
Acon
4 (0.07 )

Ans.

Ans:
sst = 48.8 MPa, scon = 5.85 MPa
215

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439. The load of 2800 lb is to be supported by the two

essentially vertical A-36 steel wires. If originally wire AB is
60 in. long and wire AC is 40 in. long, determine the crosssectional area of AB if the load is to be shared equally
between both wires. Wire AC has a cross-sectional area of
0.02 in2.

C
60 in.
40 in.
A

TAC = TAB =

2800
= 1400 lb
2
dAC = dAB
1400(40)

1400(60)
6

(0.02)(29)(10 )

AAB(29)(106)

AAB = 0.03 in2

Ans.

Ans:
AAB = 0.03 in2
221

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445. The bolt has a diameter of 20 mm and passes

through a tube that has an inner diameter of 50 mm and an
outer diameter of 60 mm. If the bolt and tube are made of
A-36 steel, determine the normal stress in the tube and bolt
when a force of 40 kN is applied to the bolt. Assume the end
caps are rigid.

160 mm

40 kN

40 kN
150 mm

Referring to the FBD of left portion of the cut assembly, Fig. a

+ F = 0;
:
x

40(103) - Fb - Ft = 0

(1)

Here, it is required that the bolt and the tube have the same deformation. Thus
dt = db
Ft(150)

p
2
4 (0.06

- 0.052) C 200(109) D

Fb(160)
p
2
4 (0.02 )

C 200(109) D

Ft = 2.9333 Fb

(2)

Solving Eqs (1) and (2) yields

Fb = 10.17 (103) N

Ft = 29.83 (103) N

Thus,
sb =

10.17(103)
Fb
= 32.4 MPa
= p
2
Ab
4 (0.02 )

st =

Ft
=
At

29.83 (103)
p
2
4 (0.06

- 0.052)

Ans.

= 34.5 MPa

Ans.

Ans:
sb = 32.4 MPa, st = 34.5 MPa
227

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447. The support consists of a solid red brass C83400

copper post surrounded by a 304 stainless steel tube. Before
the load is applied the gap between these two parts is 1 mm.
Given the dimensions shown, determine the greatest axial
load that can be applied to the rigid cap A without causing
yielding of any one of the materials.

P
A

1 mm

0.25 m

60 mm
80 mm

Require,

10 mm

dst = dbr + 0.001

Fst(0.25)
2

p[(0.05) - (0.04) ]193(10 )

Fbr(0.25)
p(0.03)2(101)(109)

+ 0.001

0.45813 Fst = 0.87544 Fbr + 106

(1)

Fst + Fbr - P = 0

+ c Fy = 0;

(2)

Assume brass yields, then

(Fbr)max = sg Abr = 70(106)(p)(0.03)2 = 197 920.3 N
(Pg)br = sg>E =

70.0(106)
101(109)

= 0.6931(10 - 3) mm>mm

dbr = (eg)brL = 0.6931(10 - 3)(0.25) = 0.1733 mm < 1 mm

Thus only the brass is loaded.
P = Fbr = 198 kN

Ans.

Ans:
P = 198 kN
229

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451. The rigid bar supports the uniform distributed load

of 6 kip>ft. Determine the force in each cable if each cable
has a cross-sectional area of 0.05 in2, and E = 3111032 ksi.

6 ft

6 kip/ft
A
D

B
3 ft

a + MA = 0;
u = tan - 1

TCB a

2
25

b (3) - 54(4.5) + TCD a

2
25

b9 = 0

3 ft

3 ft

(1)

6
= 45
6

L2BC = (3)2 + (8.4853)2 - 2(3)(8.4853) cos u

Also,
L2DC = (9)2 + (8.4853)2 - 2(9)(8.4853) cos u

(2)

Thus, eliminating cos u .

-L2BC(0.019642) + 1.5910 = - L2DC(0.0065473) + 1.001735
L2BC(0.019642) = 0.0065473 L2DC + 0.589256
L2BC = 0.333 L2DC + 30
But,
LBC = 245 + dBC ,

LDC = 245 + dDC

Neglect squares or d B since small strain occurs.

L2DC = ( 245 + dBC)2 = 45 + 2 245 dBC
L2DC = ( 245 + dDC)2 = 45 + 2 245 dDC
45 + 2245 dBC = 0.333(45 + 2245 dDC) + 30
2 245 dBC = 0.333(2245 dDC)
dDC = 3dBC
Thus,
TCD 245
TCB 245
= 3
AE
AE
TCD = 3 TCB
From Eq. (1).
TCD = 27.1682 kip = 27.2 kip

Ans.

TCB = 9.06 kip

Ans.
Ans:
TCD = 27.2 kip, TCB = 9.06 kip
233

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457. The rigid bar is originally horizontal and is

supported by two A-36 steel cables each having a crosssectional area of 0.04 in2. Determine the rotation of the bar
when the 800-lb load is applied.

12 ft

800 lb
B
A

Referring to the FBD of the rigid bar Fig. a,

a + MA = 0;

FBC a

12
3
b(5) + FCD a b (16) - 800(10) = 0
13
5

5 ft

D
5 ft

6 ft

(1)

The unstretched lengths of wires BC and CD are LBC = 2122 + 52 = 13 ft and

LCD = 2122 + 162 = 20 ft. The stretch of wires BC and CD are
dBC =

FBC (13)
FBC LBC
=
AE
AE

dCD =

FCD(20)
FCD LCD
=
AE
AE

Referring to the geometry shown in Fig. b, the vertical displacement of a point on

12
3
d
the rigid bar is dv =
. For points B and D, cos uB =
and cos uD = . Thus,
cos u
13
5
the vertical displacements of points B and D are

A dB B v =

cos uB

A dD B v =

cos uD

dBC
dCD

FBC (13)>AE
169 FBC
=
12>13
12AE

FCD (20)>AE
100 FCD
=
3>5
3 AE

The similar triangles shown in Fig. c gives

A dB B v

A dD B v

5
16
1 169 FBC
1 100 FCD
a
b =
a
b
5 12 AE
16
3 AE
FBC =

125
F
169 CD

(2)

Solving Eqs (1) and (2), yields

FCD = 614.73 lb

FBC = 454.69 lb

Thus,

A dD B v =

100(614.73)

3(0.04) C 29.0 (106) D

= 0.01766 ft

Then
u = a

0.01766 ft 180
ba
b = 0.0633
p
16 ft

Ans.

240

Ans:
u = 0.0633

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469. The assembly has the diameters and material makeup

indicated. If it fits securely between its fixed supports when
the temperature is T1 = 70F, determine the average
normal stress in each material when the temperature
reaches T2 = 110F.

2014-T6 Aluminum
C 86100 Bronze
A

12 in.

Fx = 0;

dA>D = 0;

8 in.
B

4 ft

304 Stainless
steel

C
6 ft

4 in.
3 ft

FA = FB = F
F(4)(12)
-

p(6)2(10.6)(106)
F(6)(12)

p(4)2(15)(106)
F(3)(12)

p(2)2(28)(106)

+ 12.8(10 - 6)(110 - 70)(4)(12)

+ 9.60(10 - 6)(110 - 70)(6)(12)

+ 9.60(10 - 6)(110 - 70)(3)(12) = 0

F = 277.69 kip

sal =

277.69
= 2.46 ksi
p(6)2

Ans.

sbr =

277.69
= 5.52 ksi
p(4)2

Ans.

sst =

277.69
= 22.1 ksi
p(2)2

Ans.

Ans:
sal = 2.46 ksi, sbr = 5.52 ksi, sst = 22.1 ksi
252

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478. When the temperature is at 30C, the A-36 steel

pipe fits snugly between the two fuel tanks. When fuel flows
through the pipe, the temperatures at ends A and B rise to
130C and 80C, respectively. If the temperature drop along
the pipe is linear, determine the average normal stress
developed in the pipe. Assume each tank provides a rigid
support at A and B.

150 mm
10 mm
Section a - a
6m
x

Temperature Gradient: Since the temperature varies linearly along the pipe, Fig. a,
the temperature gradient can be expressed as a function of x as
T(x) = 80 +

50
50
(6 - x) = a 130 x b C
6
6

Thus, the change in temperature as a function of x is

T = T(x) - 30 = a 130 -

50
50
xb - 30 = a 100 xbC
6
6

Compatibility Equation: If the pipe is unconstrained, it will have a free expansion of

6m

dT = a

Tdx = 12(10 - 6)

L0

a 100 -

50
xbdx = 0.0054 m = 5.40 mm
6

Using the method of superposition, Fig. b,

+)
(:

0 = dT - dF
0 = 5.40 -

F(6000)
p(0.162 - 0.152)(200)(109)

F = 1 753 008 N
Normal Stress:
s =

1 753 008
F
=
= 180 MPa
A
p(0.162 - 0.152)

Ans.

Ans:
s = 180 MPa
261

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481.
The 50-mm-diameter cylinder is made from
Am 1004-T61 magnesium and is placed in the clamp when
the temperature is T1 = 20 C. If the 304-stainless-steel
carriage bolts of the clamp each have a diameter of 10 mm,
and they hold the cylinder snug with negligible force against
the rigid jaws, determine the force in the cylinder when the
temperature rises to T2 = 130 C.

+ c Fy = 0;

100 mm

150 mm

Fst = Fmg = F
dmg = dst
amg Lmg T -

26(10 - 6)(0.1)(110) -

FmgLmg
EmgAmg

= astLst T +

FstLst
EstAst

F(0.1)
F(0.150)
= 17(10 - 6)(0.150)(110) +
p
p
44.7(109) (0.05)2
193(109)(2) (0.01)2
4
4
F = 904 N

Ans.

Ans:
F = 904 N
264

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483. The wires AB and AC are made of steel, and wire AD

is made of copper. Before the 150-lb force is applied, AB
and AC are each 60 in. long and AD is 40 in. long. If the
temperature is increased by 80F, determine the force
in each wire needed to support the load. Take
Est = 29(103) ksi, Ecu = 17(103) ksi, ast = 8(10 - 6)>F, acu =
9.60(10 - 6)>F. Each wire has a cross-sectional area of
0.0123 in2.

40 in.
60 in.

45

45

60 in.

A
150 lb

Equations of Equilibrium:
+
: Fx = 0;

FAC cos 45 - FAB cos 45 = 0

FAC = FAB = F

+ c Fy = 0;

2F sin 45 + FAD - 150 = 0

(1)

Compatibility:
(dAC)T = 8.0(10 - 6)(80)(60) = 0.03840 in.
(dAC)T2 =

(dAC)T
0.03840
=
= 0.05431 in.
cos 45
cos 45

(dAD)T = 9.60(10 - 6)(80)(40) = 0.03072 in.

d0 = (dAC)T2 - (dAD)T = 0.05431 - 0.03072 = 0.02359 in.

(dAD)F = (dAC)Fr + d0
FAD(40)

F(60)
6

0.0123(17.0)(10 )

0.0123(29.0)(106) cos 45

+ 0.02359

0.1913FAD - 0.2379F = 23.5858

(2)

Solving Eq. (1) and (2) yields:

FAC = FAB = F = 10.0 lb

Ans.

FAD = 136 lb

Ans.

Ans:
FAC = FAB = 10.0 lb, FAD = 136 lb
266