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    Spectrum Analyzer Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Kadir Ramos Faisal
    A quick tutorial on the use of a standard spectrum Analyzer. This details the techniques of getting the S-Parameters

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Spectrum Analyzer Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Kadir Ramos Faisal
    153 views18 pages
    A quick tutorial on the use of a standard spectrum Analyzer. This details the techniques of getting the S-Parameters

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    A quick tutorial on the use of a standard spectrum Analyzer. This details the techniques of getting the S-Parameters

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    153 views18 pages

    Spectrum Analyzer Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Kadir Ramos Faisal
    A quick tutorial on the use of a standard spectrum Analyzer. This details the techniques of getting the S-Parameters

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    ECE 159

    Microwave Engineering II
    Lecture 2: Spectrum Analyzer

    2s1516

    Revision January 2016

    Spectrum Analyzer
    Analyzes the spectrum of a signal (?)
    Measures power vs. frequency
    Feed signal to the input port, plot its spectrum

    Harmonic Distortion from a transmitter

    Two-tone test of an RF power amplifier2

    Signal Analyzer Types


    1. Superheterodyne Spectrum Analyzer

    Frequency is swept, measures power at each sweep


    point
    Most common type
    Rhode and Schwarz FSP 9 kHz-7 GHz

    2. Fourier Analyzer

    Records time domain signal, digitizes it, then


    performs FFT
    Can see single-shot phenomenon or burst signals
    Limited by digitizing process
    3

    Signal Analyzer Types


    3. Vector Signal Analyzer

    Records time domain signal, extracts I and Q data


    NI PXIe 5663 VSA
    Useful for modulated signals
    Limited by digitizing process

    Superheterodyne SA

    Block diagram of a classic* superheterodyne SA


    *Old, low-tech

    Superheterodyne SA
    Prevents input signal from
    exceeding limits
    fsig = fLO + fIF

    Sets resolution BW

    Amp with logarithmic


    gain; converts V to dB
    scale
    Smoothens the
    display depending on
    video BW
    Sweeps fLO such
    that fsig covers
    fstart to fstop
    *Old, low-tech

    Block diagram of a classic* superheterodyne SA


    7

    SA Display
    IF signal envelope
    being plotted!

    dB

    fstart

    fstop
    Before video filter

    After video filter

    Modern SA Operation
    Digitally tuned or
    complete digital
    implementation

    Digital sweep
    generation
    *Old, low-tech

    Digital, softwaredefined, can do FFT

    Block diagram of a classic superheterodyne SA


    9

    Blind Time
    What if
    LO is at f2
    A signal suddenly appears at f1
    Will the SA be able to see this new signal?

    More difficult to detect bursty signals

    10

    Resolution Bandwidth
    3 dB bandwidth of IF filter
    Larger RBW faster filter response time
    shorter sweep time required
    What if at the IF stage
    RBW

    IF Stage
    IF filter response

    Two adjacent sinusoids

    fIF

    f
    11

    Resolution Bandwidth
    RBW

    IF Stage
    IF filter response

    Two adjacent sinusoids

    Display

    One sinusoid? Or two?

    12

    Resolution Bandwidth
    RBW

    IF Stage
    IF filter response

    Two adjacent sinusoids

    Display

    13

    Resolution Bandwidth
    Smaller RBW higher resolution resolve
    adjacent signals better
    Smaller RBW slower filter response time
    longer sweep time longer sweep time
    more information missed

    14

    Video Bandwidth
    Video filter removes rapid fluctuations in the
    spectrum
    A form of averaging
    Vs. signal fluctuations and internal SA noise

    Degree of smoothing depends on VBW:RBW

    15

    Video Bandwidth

    Degree of smoothing for VBW-to-RBW ratios of 1:3, 1:10, and 1:100

    16

    Demonstration
    Later at Room 404

    Safety Precautions
    1. Only use a power cord and electrical outlet
    with an earthing contact (3 prongs).
    2. Do not exceed the power rating of the input
    port.
    3. Do not feed signals with a DC component to
    the input port.

    18

    References
    Spectrum Analysis Basics. Agilent Application
    Note 150.

    19

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