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This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It discusses that embedded systems are specialized computer systems integrated into larger machines to perform specific tasks. Examples of embedded systems include vehicles, phones, home appliances, and control systems. The document outlines key characteristics of embedded systems such as being application specific with limited reprogrammability. It also discusses functional and temporal requirements as well as real-time event characteristics like asynchronous, synchronous, and isochronous events. In conclusion, embedded systems have become ubiquitous in many areas of life from exercise equipment to vehicles due to their specialized nature and ability to control functions.

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100 views3 pages

412 3 PDF

This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It discusses that embedded systems are specialized computer systems integrated into larger machines to perform specific tasks. Examples of embedded systems include vehicles, phones, home appliances, and control systems. The document outlines key characteristics of embedded systems such as being application specific with limited reprogrammability. It also discusses functional and temporal requirements as well as real-time event characteristics like asynchronous, synchronous, and isochronous events. In conclusion, embedded systems have become ubiquitous in many areas of life from exercise equipment to vehicles due to their specialized nature and ability to control functions.

Uploaded by

SatishKumarVaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Embedded systems in real world

Name: - G.Aswini
Roll. No:-13691A0412
Branch:-ECE (MITS).
Email:-gaswini56@gmail.com

Abstract

This is the paper that gives brief


introduction about basics of embedded systems in
real world. Now-a-days embedded systems are
reshaping the way people live, work, and play.
Embedded systems come in an endless variety of
types, each exhibiting unique characteristics. For
example, most vehicles driven today embed
intelligent computer chips that perform valueadded tasks, which make the vehicles easier,
cleaner, and more fun to drive. Telephone systems
rely on multiple integrated hardware and
software systems to connect people around the
world. As an introduction to embedded systems
and real-time embedded systems, this paper
focuses on examples of embedded systems,
defining embedded systems with real-time
behavior, and
current trends in embedded
systems.

I.INTRODUCTION
An embedded system is a specialized computer
system that is part of a larger system or machine.
Embedded systems can also be thought of as
information processing subsystems integrated in a
larger system. As part of a larger system it largely
determines its functionality. An embedded system
usually contains an embedded processor. Many
appliances that have a digital interface -microwaves, VCRs, cars -- utilize embedded systems.
Some embedded systems include an operating
system. Others are very specialized resulting in the
entire logic being implemented as a single program.
These systems are embedded into some device for
some specific purpose other than to provide general
purpose computing.

II.FUNCTIONS
Embedded systems provide several functions Like
Monitor the environment: Embedded systems read
data from input sensors. This data is then processed
and the results displayed in some format to a user.
Control the environment: Embedded systems
generate and transmit commands for actuators.
Transform the information: Embedded systems
transform the data collected in some meaningful way,
such as data compression/decompression.

III.TYPES OF APPLICATIONS
There are many categories of embedded
systems, from communication devices to home
appliances to control systems. Examples
include;
Communication devices: modems, cellular
phones,etc..
Home Appliances:
microwave oven etc..

CD

player,

VCR,

Control Systems: Automobile anti-lock


braking systems, robotics, satellite control etc

IV.CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
Embedded systems are characterized by a unique set
of characteristics. Each of these characteristics
imposed a specific set of design constraints on

embedded systems designers. The challenge to


designing embedded systems is to conform to the
specific set of constraints for the application.
Application specific systems: Embedded systems are
not general-purpose computers. Embedded system
designs are optimized for a specific application.
Many of the job characteristics are known before the
hardware is designed. This allows the designer to
focus on the specific design constraints of a well
defined application. As such, there is limited user
reprogrammability. Some embedded systems,
however, require the flexibility of reprogrammability.
Programmable DSPs are common for such
applications.

V.REQUIREMENTS FOR EMBEDDED


SYSTEMS
Embedded systems are unique in several ways, as
described above. When designing embedded systems,
there are several categories of requirements that
should be considered;
Functional Requirements
Temporal Requirements (Timeliness)
Dependability Requirements

Isochronous events occur with regularity within a


given window of time. For example, audio bytes in a
distributed multimedia application must appear
within a window of time when the corresponding
video stream arrives. Isochronous is a sub-class of
asynchronous. Real-time systems are different from
time shared systems in several ways
predictably fast response to urgent events
high degree of schedulability; timing requirements
of the system must be satisfied at high degrees of
resource usage.
stability under transient overload; when the system
is overloaded by events and it is impossible to meet
all deadlines, the deadlines of selected critical tasks
must still be guaranteed.

VII.CONCLUSION
Embedded systems have virtually entered every
sphere of our life, right from the time we work out on
tread mills to the cars that we drive today. The
possibilities in this field are only limited by our
imagination.Many of the embedded systems are
managed by human controllers by some sort of man
machine interface-for example a cash register,a cell
phone, a TV screen or a PC interface.It is this MMI
that often represents the most costly investment in the
system development,in terms of both time and
money.

VI.REAL-TIME EVENT
CHARACTERISTICS

REFERANCES
1.

Real-time events fall into one of the three categories:


asynchronous, synchronous, or isochronous.
2.
Asynchronous events are entirely unpredictable.
For example, the event that a user makes a telephone
call. As far as the telephone company is concerned,
the action of making a phone call cannot be
predicted.
Synchronous events are predictable and occur with
precise regularity if they are to occur. For example,
the audio and video in a movie take place in
synchronous fashion. environment inputs outputs
Real-Time System (state) outputs = f (inputs, state)

3.

Michael Barr. "Embedded Systems


Glossary". Neutrino Technical Library.
Retrieved2007-04-21.
Jump up^ Heath, Steve (2003). Embedded
systems design. EDN series for design
engineers (2 ed.). Newnes. p. 2. ISBN 9780-7506-5546-0. An embedded system is
a microprocessorbased system that is built
to control a function or a range of
functions.
Jump up^ Michael Barr; Anthony J.
Massa (2006).
"Introduction". Programming embedded
systems: with C and GNU development
tools. O'Reilly. pp. 12. ISBN 978-0-59600983-0.

4.

Jump up^ Barr, Michael (1 August


2009). "Real men program in
C". Embedded Systems Design.

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