cs727 Manual2
cs727 Manual2
cs727 Manual2
FLIGHT MANUAL
PART II Aircraft and Systems
Captain Sim is not affiliated with any entity mentioned or pictured in this document.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PANELS LAYOUT
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L01.
L02.
L03.
L04.
L05.
L06.
L07.
L08.
L09.
L10.
L11.
L12.
L13.
L14.
L15.
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C01.
C02.
C03.
C04.
C05.
C06.
C07.
C08.
C09.
C10.
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GLARESHIELD PANEL
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OVERHEAD PANEL
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O01.
O02.
O03.
O04.
O05.
O06.
O07.
O08.
O09.
O10.
O11.
O12.
O13.
MACHMETER INDICATOR
CLOCKS
AUTOPILOT DISENGAGED WARNING LIGHT
AIRSPEED INDICATOR
RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR (RMI)
ANNUNCIATORS
ATTITUDE DIRECTOR INDICATOR (ADI)
HORIZON SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI)
ANNUNCIATORS
STANDBY ALTIMETER
VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR
PNEUMATIC BRAKE LEVER
RA HEIGHT INDICATOR
ELECTRIC ALTIMETER
DME INDICATOR AND WINDSHEAR AHEAD LIGHTS
LIGHTS TEST/MARKER
ALTITUDE ALERTING PANEL
MARKER LIGHTS
STANDBY ARTIFICIAL HORIZON
ANNUNCIATORS
CONTROLS POSITION INDICATORS
ENGINE INSTRUMENT PANEL
FLAPS INDICATORS /MASTER WARNING
LOW OIL PRESSURE/OIL FILTER BYPASS CAUTION LIGHT
LANDING GEAR CONTROL PANEL
O14.
O15.
O17.
O18.
O19.
O20.
O21.
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AISLE STAND
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U01.
U02.
U03.
U04.
U05.
U06.
U07.
U08.
U09.
U10.
U11.
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W01.
W02.
W03.
W04.
W05.
W07.
W08.
W09.
W10.
W11.
W12.
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P601.
P602.
P603.
P604.
P605.
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
O02. MSU - MODE SELECTOR UNIT
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
INS ALIGNMENT
WAYPOINTS LOADING AND DISTANCE CHECK ON GROUND
BEFORE TAKEOFF
AFTER TAKEOFF
NAVIGATION
LEG CHANGE
CURRENT POSITION CHECK
MANUAL POSITION UPDATING
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CUSTOMER CARE
SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION
The '727 Captain' is one of the most advanced, complete and accurate airliner expansions for flight imulator.
But the '777 Captain (same as FS itself and any FS expansion) is a flight simulation software game.
Therefore this product should not be used as flight training device (FTD) and/or simulator for flight training
purposes.
All items should work as described in this manual. If something is not described as functional (therefore it
does not work or does not exist in the model) it is not a system 'bug' but a reasonable simplification.
L01.
L02.
L03.
L04.
L05.
L03,
L07.
L08.
L10.
L11.
L12.
L13.
L14.
L15.
Machmeter Indicator
Clocks
Autopilot Disengaged Warning Light
Airspeed Indicator
Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)
06, 09. Annunciators
Attitude Director Indicator (ADI)
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)
Standby Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator
Pneumatic Brake Lever
Height Indicator
Electric Altimeter
DME Indicator and Windshear Ahead Lights
The airspeed indicator and the mach meter are separate indicators and they are pitot static operated
(pneumatic). There is no standby mach/airspeed indicator installed when only pneumatic instruments are
installed.
L02. CLOCKS
1. Elapsed Time Hours Minutes Hands
2,4. Hours And Minute Hands
3. Elapsed Time Switch
5. Winding & Setting Control
6. Lower Minute Register Hand
7. Sweep Second Hand
8. Push Button
1. Elapsed Time Hours Minutes Hands
Controlled by elapsed time switch.
2,4. Hours And Minute Hands
Reset by knob on lower lefthand corner of clock
3. Elapsed Time Switch
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Pushing button once starts the second hand, pushing a second time stops the hand, pushing a third
time resets hand to 12 o'clock position.
Minute register hand indicates elapsed time In minutes of sweep second hand.
A red light (press-to-test and reset) marked AUTOPILOT DISENGAGED is on both the Captain's and the First
Officer's panel. With the autopilot engaged, the lights will come on flashing any time either or both channels
of the autopilot become disengaged for any reason.
Note:
An interchangeable autopilot component may be installed, which will cause the
autopilot disengaged warning lights to illuminate any time power is applied to the
airplane or any time power is switched to airplane power.
The lights can be extinguished by depressing the autopilot disengaged warning light on the Captain's or First
Officer's panel, or by firmly depressing either autopilot release switch on either control wheel.
Note:
If a failure occurs in the elevator (pitch) channel, use the autopilot disengaged
warning light (reset) to extinguish and rearm the lights, and it will not disengage the
operating aileron (roll) channel.
The autopilot warning lights will illuminate steadily when any one of the self-test switches of the control
channel boxes in the lower 43 compartment is not in the off position. The lights cannot be extinguished
except by positioning the switch to OFF.
The lights can be tested by depressing the light on the Captain's or First Officer's panel. The depressed light
will illuminate steadily, while the remaining light will flash. The lights can also be tested by the master test
and dimming switch.
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1. VMO Pointer
Displays maximum operating airspeed.
2. Airspeed Pointer
Displays indicated airspeed derived from pitot static pressures
4. Cursor Control
Positions cursor on scale to indicate reference airspeed selected.
A radio magnetic indicator (RMI) is provided on each pilot's panel to furnish the radio and magnetic bearing
information required for navigation.
The components of each RMI consist of an azimuth card, a lubber line, two ADF/VOR pointers (No. 1 and No.
2), two ADF/VOR switches (No. 1 and No. 2), a synchronizing knob, a synchronizing annunciator and a
compass warning flag.
The compass card rotates in a manner such that the heading of the airplane will always be read under a
fixed reference index (lubber line) at the top of the instrument. Also, fixed indices are provided at 45, 90,
135, 180, 225, 270 and 315.
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The rotating compass card, or azimuth card, is graduated form 0 to 360 degrees clockwise in two degree
increments.
The card is driven by a motor which receives signals from the directional gyro.
3. Compass Warning Flag
A compass warning flag on the lower right-hand corner of the RMI is marked OFF.
The warning flag will appear with loss of electrical power to the compass system, DG not levelling or
underspeed, or excessive heading error signal.
5,6. ADF/VOR Pointers
Pointers indicate ADF and VOR bearing as selected by the ADF/VOR knobs at the bottom of the instrument.
A narrow pointer marked with a dashed line displays bearings from VOR No. 1 or ADF No. 1 as selected by
the switch in the lower left corner of the instrument.
A wide pointer marked with two parallel solid lines displays bearings from VOR No. 2 (or ADF No. 2 if
installed) as selected by the switch in the lower right corner.
L06. ANNUNCIATORS
1. Master Comparator Warning Light (Amber)
2. Pull Up Light/GPWS Test Switch (Red)
3. GC/Cancel Light
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6. Course Counter
One for each integrated flight system. Digital readout displays course as set by course selector.
7. Glide Slope Pointer
Indicates glide slope location relative to airplane position. In view when localizer frequency is selected. In
parallel with glide slope pointer on ADI.
8. Glide Slope Warning Flag
IN VIEW over glide slope scale and pointer after localizer frequency is tuned when
Signal is unreliable.
Signal is unreliable.
10. Course Bar
Movable center portion of course cursor represents segment of VOR radial or localizer beam. Relationship of
bar to course deviation scale shows airplane position with respect to selected course.
11. Heading Selector
Rotation of selector adjusts heading cursor on Captain's and First Officer's HSI's. Selects heading for
computed steering commands. Selected heading (Captain's HSU transmitted to autopilot and flight director.
12. Course Deviation Scale
Reference for measuring displacement from selected course (course bar). One dot deviation of course bar
represents approximately 5 degrees on VOR and 1% degrees on localizer.
13. Symbolic Airplane
Represents airplane position relative to the selected course (course bar).
14. TO\FROM Indicator
Indicates direction of VOR station along selected course. OUT OF VIEW in localizer operation. Shown in TO
position.
15. Course Selector
One for each integrated flight system. Rotation adjusts associated course counter, and course cursor to
desired course for VOR or localizer navigation. Course selected for auto pilot on Captain's HSI.
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L09. ANNUNCIATORS
1. MDA light (amber)
Approach Progress Display
2,8. VOR/LOC Annunciator
3,9. Glide Slope Annunciator
6. HDG Annunciator
7. ALT Annunciator
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1. Digital Display
Shows altitude in increments of 100 ft.
2. 100-Foot Pointer
Displays attitude in 100 foot Increment (smallest division equals 20 feet). One full rotation of pointer equals
1000 feet.
3. Barometric Setting Control
Rotation of the control adjusts the barometric setting on the inches of mercury (in HG) indicator.
4,5. Altimeter Setting Windows
Can be set in millibars or inches/Hg.
Two vertical speed indicators are used on the airplane, one located on the Captain's panel and the other on
the First Officer's instrument panel.
Each indicator operates from the airplane static pressure system and provides instantaneous display of
airplane vertical speed in the range of 0 to 6,000 feet per minute, up or down.
These instruments differ from a conventional vertical speed instrument by the addition of two
accelerometers which generate pressure differences whenever there is a change in the normal acceleration
of the airplane.
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A low range radio altimeter is provided on each of the pilot's panels. The low range altimeter displays height
above terrain with an altitude pointer moving over a circular scale. The range of the altimeter is from 0 feet
to 2,500 feet.
A decision height (DH) selector is on one comer of the instrument and a decision height cursor is provided on
the periphery of the altimeter. This cursor can be moved about the periphery of the altimeter with the DH
selector, thus selecting the altitude at which a decision height light will illuminate.
A decision height light marked DH is on each pilot's panel and on each radio altimeter. These lights will
illuminate when the altitude pointer on the associated low range radio altimeter reaches the DH cursor on
that altimeter.
The low range altimeter warning flag is a cross-hatched flag which appears on the dial face. When the
altimeter is operating properly, the flag is retracted.| The cross-hatched warning flag appears with power
loss to the instrument, loss of a return radio signal, incorrect altitude tracking and operation above the
altitude range of the equipment. The flag also appears when the low range radio altimeter test switch is
actuated.
A test switch is installed on the altimeter. Operating the test switch will cause the altimeter to indicate 250
+-10 feet and the warning flag to appear.
On some aircraft, pressing the test switch causes the display to indicate 100 feet or 40 feet (as installed).
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1. DME indicator
Provides slant range in nautical miles to station tuned.
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C01.
C02.
C03.
C04.
C05.
C06.
C07.
C08.
C09.
C10.
Lights Test/Marker
Altitude Alerting Panel
Marker Lights
Standby Artificial Horizon
Annunciators
Controls / Trimmer Position Indicators
Engine Instrument Panel
Flaps Indicators /Master Warning
Low Oil Pressure/Oil Filter Bypass Caution Lights
Landing Gear Control Panel
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1. Bank Indicator
Indicates airplane bank angle in degrees
2. Symbolic Airplane
Reference bars provide attitude reference.
3. Pitch Trim and Gyro Caging Control
CONTROL IN - Rotate to adjust airplane symbol
CONTROL OUT - (Momentary) - Erects horizon
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C05. ANNUNCIATORS
1. Stabilizer Out of Trim Light
2. Elevator Low Pressure Annunciators
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16-18. N1 Tachometers
Indicate RPM of the low pressure compressor. Small dial is graduated in 1% increments marked from 0-9.1
Large dial is graduated in 2% increments marked every 10% from 0-100. Tachometer systems are selfgenerating.
19-21. Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature Indicators
Three engine exhaust gas temperature indicators, calibrated in degrees centigrade, indicate temperature of
the exhaust gases of each engine in the turbine exhaust case. On most aircraft these indicators are self
powered. On other aircraft the EGT indicators are of an improved response type and utilize the 115 volt AC
standby bus as a power source.
22-24. N2 Tachometers
Indicate RPM of the high pressure compressor. Small dial is graduated in 1% increments marked from 0-9.
Large dial is graduated 2% increments marked every 10% from 0-100. Tachometer systems are selfgenerating.
25-27. Engine Fuel Flow Indicators
The engine fuel flow indicators provide a visual indication of the fuel consumption rate for each engine.
Power for these indicators is from the 115V AC2 and from the 28V DC2 bus. The indicators are very accurate
up to 6000 pph, with normal fuel flow rate during engine starts of approximately 1000 pph, and 3200 during
cruise.
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Two needles in each indicator marked L and R indicate corresponding flap positions. White bands indicate
maximum allowable needle deviation at each flap position.
3,4. Leading Edge Flap Lights
AMBER ILLUMINATED
Any leading edge device in transit.
At flap lever position 2, leading edge devices 2, 3, 6 or 7 not extended.
GREEN ILLUMINATED
At flap lever position 2, slats 2 & 3. 6 & 7 fully extended.
At any other flap lever position, all leading edge Haps and slats fully extended.
No Lights All leading edge flaps and slats retracted.
Three (amber) lights labeled LOW OIL PRESSURE or FILTER BYPASS are on the pilot's center panel. These
lights provide an indication at the pilot's station to supplement the oil pressure indicators at the S/O's panel.
Normally the light should extinguish during engine start.
When this light is illuminated and oil pressure indication normal, a clogging main oil filter should be
suspected. The incident should be reported as an engine discrepancy.
This light illuminates at 35 1 PSI when pressure is decreasing and goes out at 36.51 PSI when pressure
is increasing.
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R01.
R02,
R03.
R04.
R05.
R07.
R08.
R10.
R11.
R12.
R13.
R14.
R15.
Airspeed/Machmeter Indicator
06, 09. Annunciators
Autopilot Disengaged Warning Light
Mach Airspeed Indicator
Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)
Attitude Director Indicator (ADI)
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)
Standby Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator
Brake Pressure Indicators
Radio Altimeter
Marker Lights
DME/ Windshear
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GLARESHIELD PANEL
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OVERHEAD PANEL
O01.
O02.
O03.
O04.
O05.
O06.
O07.
O08.
O09.
O10.
O11.
O12.
O13.
O14.
O15.
O17.
O18.
O19.
O20.
O21.
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Flight
Control
Hydraulic
Shutoff
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The anti-skid system prevents wheel skidding by controlling applied brake pressure.
Maximum braking efficiency is obtained when all wheels are in a slight skid or at a maximum rate of
deceleration short of a skidding wheel.
An electronically controlled anti-skid control valve for each main wheel continuously varies individual brake
pressure in response to wheel action.
Maximum braking is produced under any variety of runway condition.
The anti-skid system consists of individual wheel speed sensors, an antiskid control shield and two dual antiskid control valves. The system also includes a test circuit and indicators which allow the system to be
checked for proper operation in flight or on the ground.
1. Anti-Skid Test Switch
This switch on the overhead panel marked ANTI-SKID TEST can be used to test the anti-skid system with or
without the parking brake on. The switch has momentary INBD & NOSE and OUTBD & NOSE positions, and is
spring loaded to the neutral position.
INBOARD & NOSE
Inb and nose indicators blank.
Outboard indicators rel.
OUTBOARD & NOSE
Outb & nose indicators blank
Inboard indicators rel.
An AC signal, similar to the signal generated by a rotating wheel can be introduced by the test switch into
the anti-skid control module. When the wheels are not rotating and the anti-skid system is armed, this
simulated rotation of the wheels selected by the anti-skid test switch will make brakes available on those
wheels. The corresponding brake released indicators will show blanks.
The remaining wheels, not selected by the test switch position will give a wheel not rotating signal to the
control module. The control module interprets this signal as a locked wheel signal as compared to the
simulated wheel rotating signal and gives a full strength release signal to those wheel brakes. The
corresponding indicators will display REL.
In either test position, the anti-skid return valves will open. Hydraulic fluid will bleed to return, if the brakes
are actuated, or the parking brake is on during anti-skid test.
A line connects the system A reservoir at the 2.5 gallon level with the tope of the system reservoir to
provide system with pressurization, make up fluid and thermal expansion.
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The stall warning system provides a means of alerting the pilots of a flight condition approaching a stall.
When the system is armed and a near stall attitude is sensed, a shaking device on the Captain's control
column makes the control column shake.
The stall warning system components are as follows: an angle of airflow sensor, a flap position transmitter, a
stall warning computer, a control column shaker motor and a landing gear safety (oleo "squat") switch
circuit. An internal heater is provided for the angle of airflow sensor unit for the vane anti-icing.
The landing gear safety (oleo "squat") switch circuit is used for arming the stall warning system. The stall
warning system airflow sensor is anti-iced continuously any time airplane power is on. With external or APU
power connected, the anti-icing system is not operating except when the system is checked momentarily by
the means of the test switch.
The airflow sensor generates an electrical signal in relation to the airplane stall condition. This signal is
compared with the flap position in the stall warning computer. Whenever the angle of airflow sensor signal
exceeds the flap position signal, the computer applies 28V DC power to the control column shaker motor.
1. Stall Warning Power Failure Light
This amber light marked STALL WARNING OFF is on the overhead panel adjacent to the stall warning test
switch. It will illuminate to serve as a warning, any time there is a failure of 115V AC and/or 28V DC power
and/or to indicate vane heater malfunction.
The light will be on also at all times when the airplane is on the ground and external or APU power is on,
providing the stall warning test switch is not in the TEST position.
Power for the light is supplied from the 28V DC battery bus.
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2. Test Indicator
Rotates during test to indicate reliable inputs from stall warning senior and flap position transmitter.
3. Stall Warning Test Switch
Spring loaded to the NORMAL position and locked from the MTR OFF position. Pulling the switch will bypas
the lock.
HTR OFF - Cuts power to the heater for maintenance purposes.
NORMAL - The system including the vane heater is powered when the airplane landing gear safety sensor is
in the air position.
TEST
- With APU or external power:
1. OFF - light extinguishes.
2. Indicator spins
3. Control columns shake.
- With airplane power:
1. OFF light remains extinguished,
2. Indicator spins.
3. Control columns shake.
This switch marked STALL WARNING TEST on the overhead panel, enables pilots to test the system integrity.
When the switch is momentarily held in the TEST position, a signal is sent into the stall warning computer
and makes the pilot's control column shake; at the same time if the system is operating on external or APU
power, the stall warning power failure light will go off, thus indicating proper operation of the vane heater.
Additionally, a spinner will rotate to indicate the flap-to-computer circuitry is intact. When the switch is
momentarily held in the TEST position, a signal is sent into the stall warning computer and makes the pilot's
control column shake; at the same time if the system is operating on external or APU power, the stall
warning power failure light will go off, thus indicating proper operation of the vane heater. Additionally, a
spinner will rotate to indicate the flap-to-computer circuitry is intact.
The purpose of the flight recorder is to provide continuous recording of airspeed, acceleration, altitude, time
and heading. It also receives data from which the time of each radio transmission from aircraft to ground
station can be determined. The recorder is operating any time electrical power is being supplied by the ship's
generators. An underwater beacon is installed to assist in locating the flight recorder under water.
1. Flight Recorder Light
An amber colored light marked OFF is on the overhead panel. When illuminated, the light indicates power
failure to the recorder or that the recording tape is broken.
Extinguished - recorder it operating either automatically or during test.
2. Flight Recorder Test Switch
With this switch, marked TEST, on the overhead panel, actuated, the flight recorder can be operated on
external or APU power as evidenced by an extinguished flight recorder light while the test switch is closed.
If the flight recorder light does not illuminate after the flight recorder test switch has been depressed, it
indicates that the flight recorder tape is satisfactory.
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1. No Smoking Switch
A switch marked NO SMOKING with ON-OFF positions.
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In the ON position, the following occurs: Power is available to the respective window's proportional heat
control unit which provides modulated power in building up to and maintaining a window operating
temperature; power is directed to heat the eyebrow windows (No. 4 and No. 5) on the corresponding side
(left or right); and the overheat monitoring relay unit is energized. Power is also applied to the perimeter
heat circuit on the No 1 and No. 2 windows.
In the OFF/RESET position, the heat control system is de-energized, or in the event of an overheat condition,
the overheat light is turned out and the system is reset for operation.
Perimeter heat is applied to the L and R windshields to prevent delamination, and is activated by the L-1 and
R-1 window heat switches. To deactivate the perimeter heaters, pull the associated L or R #4 and #5
eyebrow circuit breakers on the P6-1 panel.
Perimeter heat is currently being incorporated for both the L-2 and R-2 sliding windows. It will be controlled
by the L-2 and R-2 window heat switches.
3,5,7,9. Window Power On Lights
Four lights (green) marked on are adjacent to the window heat switches. Each light will illuminate when
power is available to the respective heat control unit and its output exceed 5 watts.
4,6,8,10. Window Overheat Lights
Four overheat indicating lights (amber) marked OVERHEAT are directly below each power-on light. The
overheat light will illuminate when the heat control unit is directing power to its respective window and the
window temperature is excessive. All lights are push-to-test type.
12. Window Heat Test Switch
A switch on the overheat panel has momentary POWER ON TEST-OVERHEAT TEST and center OFF positions.
Both test positions require the window heat switches to be on.
In POWER ON TEST, the temperature controller's power output is verified to each window (4 green lights).
In OVERHEAT TEST, an overheat condition is simulated, and the overheat circuit's monitoring reliability is
checked (4 amber lights). On old type of controllers, the power on green lights go out immediately upon
illumination of amber overheat lights. With a newer type of controller installed on various aircraft, the power
on green light will remain on for 55 seconds +_ 15 seconds after power is removed. This will occur even
when the overheat trip is operated. In this case, both amber and green lights will be on for a short period of
time until the power on lamp goes out. Apart from this operational differences, both units are physically and
functionally interchangeable.
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ANT
- Only the sense antenna is used. The receiver is used for reception of audio signals; no bearing information
is displayed.
LOOP
- Determination of bearing to station is made by manual rotation of the loop antenna until aural null, or loss
of signal, occurs. Determined by listening to the signal or observing the tuning meter for minimum needle
deflection. Best position for audio reception during severe precipitation static.
3. Altitude Hold
Autopilot holds constant airplane altitude if elevator switch engaged. Pitch controller is ineffective. On APPR
AUTO switch trips OFF when glide slope engages.
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1. BRT
Controls brightness of the indicator display (CW rotation for max brightness).
2. Wx
Selects the Wx (weather) mode of operation. "Wx" will appear in the lower left of the display. Wx colors are:
Black for no returns, Green for weak returns, Yellow for moderate returns, Red for heavy returns and
Magenta for intense returns.
3. WxA
Selects the WxA (weather-alert) mode of operation. "WxA" will appear in the lower left of the display. WxA
colors are: Black for no returns, Green for weak returns, Yellow for moderate returns, Red for heavy returns
and Magenta for intense returns. When the WxA mode is selected, magenta areas of storms flash between
magenta and black at a 1 HZ rate.
4,9. RANGE
Clears the display and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower
button decreases it. The radar display ranges are: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320. The selected range is
displayed in the upper right corner of the display with the range ring distance displayed along the right edge.
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5. STAB
The On position provides normal stabilization. The Off position disables and the stabilization antenna tilt
angle is controlled by the tilt control only.
6. GAIN
The gain knob adjusts the radar gain from 0 to -20 dB (CCW rotation reduces gain).
7. Radar Mode Selector
Note:
To select mode click the corresponding inscription shown as outlined red on the Weather
Radar panel screenshot above.
ON - Selects the normal condition of operation for
weather detection. The system will transmit after a
60 second warm-up time is completed. The radar
system initializes to the Wx mode, 80 nm.
Note: The 60 second warm up period can be
monitored upon power up of the system. When the
knob is switched directly from OFF to ON mode, the
display will blank. Just before the warm up period is
complete, the screen will turn black for a few
seconds, then the radar will begin transmitting and
the screen will display radar returns. No radar
transmissions occur until the warm up period is
complete.
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8. ON Light
10. TILT/STAB
Permits manual adjustment of antenna tilt 15 up or down for best indicator presentation.
The tilt angle is displayed (yellow) in the upper right corner of the display: D = Down, U = Up..
THEORY OF OPERATION
The primary use of this radar is to aid the pilot in avoiding thunderstorms and associated turbulence. Since
each operator normally develops specific operational procedures for use of weather avoidance radar, the
following information is presented for use at the operator's discretion.
Operational techniques for the radar are similar to earlier generation weather avoidance radars. The
proficient operator manages antenna tilt control to achieve best knowledge of storm height, size, and
relative direction of movement.
RADAR PRINCIPLES
Radar is fundamentally a distance measuring system using the principle of radio echoing. The term RADAR is
an acronym for Radio Detecting and Ranging. It is a method for locating targets by using radio waves. The
transmitter generates microwave energy in the form of pulses. These pulses are then transferred to the
antenna where they are focused into a beam by the antenna. The radar beam is much like the beam of
flashlight. The energy is focused and radiated by the antenna in such a way that it is most intense in the
center of the beam with decreasing intensity near the edge. The same antenna is used for both transmitting
and receiving. When a pulse intercepts a target, the energy is reflected as an echo, or return signal, back to
the antenna. From the antenna, the returned signal is transferred to the receiver and processing circuits
located in the receiver transmitter unit. The echoes, or returned signals, are displayed on an indicator.
Radio waves travel at the speed of 300 million meters per second and thus yield nearly instantaneous
information when echoing back. Radar ranging is a two-way process that requires 12.36 micro-seconds for
the radio wave to travel out and back for each nautical mile of target range. As shown in the distance
illustration below, it takes 123.6 micro-seconds for a transmitted pulse of radar energy to travel out and
back from an area of precipitation 10 nautical miles away
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clear area does not necessarily mean it is safe to fly between the storms and maintain visual sighting of
them.
RADAR BEAM ILLUMINATION
Probably the most important aspect of a weather radar is the antenna beam illumination characteristic. To
make a proper interpretation of what you are seeing on the display, you must have an understanding of
what the radar beam "is seeing". The following figure is a side view of the radar beam characteristic with a
storm depicted at a distance that causes the size of the storm to just fill the 3 dB beamwidth. This would be
the typical situation for a storm at approximately 40 nautical miles with a 12 inch diameter antenna. It's
important to understand and visualize this situation, to enhance your understanding of the rest of this
manual.
RADAR REFLECTIVITY
What target will reflect the radar's pulses and thus be displayed on the indicator? Only precipitation will be
detected by an X-band weather radar. Therefore weather radar does not detect clouds, thunderstorms or
turbulence directly. Instead, it detects precipitation which may be associated with dangerous thunderstorms
and turbulence. The best radar reflectors are raindrops and wet snow or hail. The larger the raindrop the
better it reflects. Because large drops in a small concentrated area are characteristic of a severe
thunderstorm, the radar displays the storm as a strong echo. Drop size is the most important factor in high
radar reflectivity.
The radar display has been calibrated to show five levels of target intensity: Black (level 0), Green (level 1),
Yellow (level 2), Red (level 3), and Magenta (level 4).
PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES
The system never transmits in the OFF, SBY or TST modes.
Accomplish the following procedures completely and exactly.
1) Place the radar controls in the following positions:
Function switch to TST
Tilt to UP 7 (will be shown on the indicator display, upper right corner).
The test pattern will appear.
2) With the function switch in TST or SBY, taxi to a clear area where there are no people, aircraft, vehicles,
or metallic buildings within approximately 100 yards.
3) Rotate the function switch to ON. The indicator will automatically display in the Wx mode and 80 nm
range. Weather targets will be displayed in green, yellow, red, or magenta. (Note: A 60 second warm up
time period is required before the system will transmit).
4) Press the range-down button to display 40 nm as the maximum range.
5) Press the WxA button and observe that magenta areas (if any) flash.
6) Repeat the manual tilt adjustment, this time between the 0 and down 15 degrees positions.
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TILT MANAGEMENT
Effective antenna tilt management is the single, most important key to more informative weather radar
displays. The prime factors must be kept in mind for proper tilt management:
The center of the radar beam is referenced to the horizon by the aircraft vertical reference system.
Adjusting the antenna tilt control will cause the center of the radar beam to scan above or below the
plane of the attitude reference system.
When flying at high altitudes, the use of proper tilt management ensures observation of weather targets
without over scanning. For example, a low altitude storm detected on the long range setting may disappear
from the display as it is approached. While it may have dissipated during your approach toward the storm,
don't count on it. It may be that you are directing the radiated energy from the antenna above the storm as
you get closer. Judicious management of the antenna tilt control will avoid over-scanning a weather target.
EARLY DETECTION OF ENROUTE WEATHER
To set the antenna tilt to optimize the radar's ability to quickly identify significant weather, follow these
steps:
1) Select the Wx (weather) mode of operation. Adjust Brightness control as desired.
2) Select the 50 or 80 nm range.
3) Adjust the antenna tilt to watch the strongest returns seen on the display.
TARGET RESOLUTION
The ability of a weather avoidance radar system to resolve and display two or more closely spaced targets is
limited in range by the transmitted pulse width and display range and in azimuth by the antenna beam
width.
RANGE RESOLUTION
The transmitter pulse width in the radar is 4 micro-seconds, yielding a receiver range resolution of
approximately 1/3 nautical mile.
AZIMUTH RESOLUTION
The ability of the radar to resolve adjacent targets in azimuth is a function of the beam width of the antenna
and the range to the target. The diameter of this radiated beam increases as it gets further away from the
aircraft.
Targets separated by a distance less than the beam diameter (at the target distance) will merge and appear
on the indicator as "one."
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PATH PLANNING
Remember to plan a deviation path early. Simply skirting the red or magenta portion of a cell is not enough.
Plan an avoidance path for all weather echoes which appear beyond 100 nautical miles since this indicates
they are quite intense.
The most intense echoes are severe thunderstorms. Remember that hail may fall several miles from the
cloud, and hazardous turbulence may extend as much as 20 nautical miles; therefore, echoes should be
separated by at least 40 nautical miles before you fly between them. As echoes diminish in intensity, you
can reduce the distance by which you avoid them.
PATH PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid cells containing magenta and red areas by at least 20 nautical miles.
Do not deviate downwind unless absolute necessary. Your chances of encountering severe turbulence and
damaging hail are greatly reduced by selecting the upwind side of the storm
If looking for a corridor, remember corridors between two cells containing magenta and/or red areas
should be at least 40 nautical miles wide from the outer fringes of the radar echo. The magenta displays
areas of very heavy rainfall and statistically indicates a high probability of hail.
Note:
Do not approach a storm cell containing magenta and red any closer than 20 nautical
miles. Echoes should be separated by at least 40 nautical miles before attempting to fly
between them.
Cells beyond 75 nautical miles are areas of substantial rainfall, do not wait for red or magenta to appear.
Plan and execute evasive action quickly to minimize "doglegging."
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When a complete detour is impractical, penetration of weather patterns may be required. Avoid adjacent
cells by at least 20 nautical miles.
A "Blind Alley" or "Box Canyon" situation can be very dangerous when viewing the short ranges. Periodically
switch to longer-range displays to observe distant conditions. As shown below, the short-range returns show
an obvious corridor between two areas of heavy rainfall but the long-range setting shows a larger area of
heavy rainfall.
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is
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1. Speedbrake Lever
2,4,7. Thrust Levers
3,5,7. Reverse Thrust Levers
8. Flap Lever
9,24. Trim Wheel
10,23. Stabilizer Trim Indicator
11. Parking Brake Lever
12,17. Go-Around Switch
13. Parking Brake Warning Light
14,15,16. Engine Start Levers
18. Stabilizer Cruise Trim Switch
19. Stabilizer Trim Light
20. Flap Lever Scale
21,22. Stabilizer Trim Cutout Switches (Main Electric, Autopilot and Cruise)
1. Speedbrake Lever and Scale
A lever on the control stand marked SPEEDBRAKE, can be moved over a scale with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and
40 markings.
A detent is at the 0 position. The lever can be lifted over the 0 detent. Friction holds the speedbrake lever
in any other position on the scale.
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The speedbrake lever positions the spoiler mixer, ratio changer and ground spoiler control valve through a
rod and cable arrangement.
The spoiler mixer positions the flight spoilers according to inputs received from the speedbrake lever and the
roll control system.
2,4,7. Thrust Levers
Control engine forward thrust.
The thrust levers can only be advanced if the reverse thrust levers are down.
3,5,7. Reverse Thrust Levers
Each throttle has an additional handle which is used to actuate the thrust reversers. The reverse thrust lever
pivots about a point near the top of the throttle.
If reverse thrust is required, the throttle must be retarded to IDLE and then the reverse thrust lever must be
pulled up. Further aft movement of the lever will increase reverse thrust.
8. Flap Lever
The lever controls both inboard and outboard flap hydraulic drive units.
Detents are provided at the flap up (0), 2, 5, 15, 25, 30 and 40 positions on the flap quadrant
adjacent to the lever.
Gates which interrupt flap lever travel are at the 2 and 25 positions.
10,23. Stabilizer Trim Indicators
A stabilizer trim indicator and pointer adjacent to each manual trim wheel is calibrated to indicate full
stabilizer travel from 2.5 units airplane nose down to 12.5 units airplane nose up.
The main electric trim system will operate the stabilizer from 0.6 units airplane nose up to 12.25 units
airplane nose up.
14,15,16. Engine Start Levers
Three engine start levers with CUTOFF-IDLE detents are on the control stand. This lever operates the
windmill bypass and shutoff valve in the FCU. With this lever in the IDLE detent, fuel if supplied to the
engine. In the CUTOFF detent, all fuel supply to the engine is shut off. With this lever in the IDLE detent and
with the engine start switch in the GROUND or FLIGHT position, the 20-joule ignition system is energized.
The start levers control the main fuel shutoff valves when in the CUTOFF position.
11. Parking Brake Lever
The parking brake lever on the control stand can be set when the brakes are fully applied, to latch the
brakes in the depressed position.
When the parking brake is set, hydraulic return from the main gear antiskid valves will be blocked and the
anti-skid system will be de-energized.
13. Parking Brake Warning Light
This red light on the control stand will illuminate when the parking brake handle is in the SET position.
18. Stabilizer Cruise Trim Switch
This switch is spring-loaded to the center or neutral position.
Manual operation of the switch controls operation of the stabilizer trim actuator by the cruise trim motor.
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When this switch is actuated, the autopilot pitch channel is disengaged and the stabilizer out of trim light will
not operate.
19. Stabilizer Trim Light
An amber light on the control stand will illuminate when the stabilizer main electric trimmotor is operating,
or when the cruise and autopilot trim motor is operated by the stabilizer cruise trim switch
The light will not be on when the autopilot operates the cruise and autopilot trim motor.
20. Flap Lever Scale
All Indicated flap positions are detented.
In addition, flap positions 2 and 25 are gated to interrupt flap lever travel to cross check airspeed with flap
positions.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
If the heading select switch (on the autopilot control panel) is engaged, the aircraft will turn to the heading
selected by the heading cursor on the Captain's course indicator. If the turn and pitch controller is turned,
the heading select switch will automatically switch to off.
With the mode selector in NAV LOC, AUTO G/S, or MAN G/S and the heading select switch engaged (HDG
SEL), the autopilot will turn to or retain the heading selected by the heading selector on the Captain's CI
until either the VOR radial or the localizer course selected on the Captain's CI is captured. At that time, the
heading select switch will automatically switch to off.
In the NAV LOC position, the autopilot will maneuver the airplane to capture and track, correcting for wind, a
localizer course or a VOR radial as selected on the course arrow of the Captain's course indicator.
In the AUTO GS position, the autopilot will track a localizer until the glideslope is intercepted; whereupon the
glideslope will be captured and both the localizer and glideslope will be tracked for a COUPLED ILS approach.
Altitude hold will function in this mode until the glideslope is captured.
If MAN G/s is selected some distance from the glideslope, the airplane will pitch down to establish the 700
feet/minute rate of descent, then if the glideslope is above, the airplane will pitch up the maximum amount
to capture the glideslope from below.
2. Autopilot Turn and Pitch Controller
The autopilot turn and pitch controller is on the aft electronic control panel. The controller will rotate to right
or left for right or left bank control and is provided with forward and aft movement for nose down or nose up
pitch control.
The controller provides for turn control when the autopilot is in the MAN position only.
Pitch control is provided when the mode selector is in any position except AUTO G/s or MAN G/s after
glideslope capture.
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When the autopilot altitude hold switch is in the ALT HOLD position, the pitch controller is de-energized.
3. Autopilot Aileron Switch
This switch marked AIL with ENGAGED-DISENGAGED. The switch is spring-loaded to the DISENGAGED
position and will be magnetically held in the ENGAGED position only when the roll axis interlock circuits are
satisfied.
When this switch is in the ENGAGED position, the autopilot will control the airplane about its roll axis from
signals received from the vertical gyro, the autopilot turn and pitch controller or from navigational facilities
as selected by the autopilot mode selector.
Note:
To engage the aileron switch, at least one yaw damper switch must be engaged
4. Autopilot Elevator Switch
A switch marked ELEV with ENGAGED-DISENGAGED positions. This switch, like the autopilot aileron switch,
is spring-loaded to the DISENGAGED position and will be magnetically held in the ENGAGED position only
when the pitch axis interlock circuits are satisfied.
When these circuits are completed and the switch is in the ENGAGED position, the autopilot will control the
airplane about its pitch axis from signals received from the vertical gyro, the autopilot turn and pitch
controller, or from such navigational facilities as selected by the autopilot mode selector.
Note:
To engage the elevator switch, the aileron switch must be engaged.
5. Altitude Hold Switch
The altitude hold switch on the aft electronic control panel has positions marked ALT HOLD-OFF and is
spring-loaded to the OFF position. The switch is magnetically held in the ALT HOLD position.
The magnetic holding circuit will be broken and the switch will revert to the OFF position with the autopilot
elevator switch in the DISENGAGED position.
With the switch in the ALT HOLD position, the autopilot controls the airplane about its pitch axis so as to
maintain a constant barometric altitude as sensed by the air data computer system.
The pitch control function of the autopilot turn and pitch controller is inoperative when the autopilot altitude
hold switch is in the ALT HOLD position.
6. Navigation Source Selector
Autopilot will track CIVA-INS flightplan:
- Autopilot Mode Selector should be in MAN position;
- Autopilot HDG Switch should be engaged;
- Autopilot Navigation Source Selector - pos AB;
- Heading Bug on Captain's HSI will be controlled by CIVA-INS.
7. Heading Select Switch
This switch on the aft electronic control panel has a center (OFF) position and a HDG SEL position. It is
either magnetically held in the HDG SEL position or spring-returned to center off.
With the switch in the HDG SEL position, the autopilot is provided with compass system directiona l
information.
The HDG SEL position may be used in the following modes: MAN, NAV LOC, AUTO G/S and MAN G/S. The
switch will automatically return to the OFF position when the turn control knob is out of detent, or the
localizer or VOR radial selected is captured.
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70
71
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3. DC Meters Selector
TR Positions Indicate transformer-rectifier current and TR bus voltage.
BAT Position Indicates battery current and voltage when no AC power on airplane. Battery charging shows
positive amps.
5. Battery Switch
ON Battery serves as a back-up for battery busses.
OFF Battery isolated from loads except those on hot batter busses, but continues to charge. Trips the APU
(if running).
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74
75
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6. KVARS Switch
Changes U03 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PANEL Power Meters indication from real (KW) to reactive (KVAR) load
display.
7,8. Synchronizing Lights (Clear)
Connected between the bus tie and the position of the AC meters selector. Blink rate is proportional to
frequency differences.
9. AC Meters Selector
Selects source of AC power to be monitored on AC voltmeter and frequency indicator.
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78
Landing
Gear
Position
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80
81
82
83
84
W01.
W02.
W03.
W04.
W05.
W06.
W07.
W08.
W09.
W10.
W11.
W12.
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86
87
W02. CLOCKS
1. Sweep Second Hand
2. Hour Hand
3. Minute Hand
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89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
P601.
P602.
P603.
P604.
P605.
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98
99
2. LED Light
The red LED will illuminate if the switch is turned to on or if the E.L.T. is triggered from an impact.
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0
When oil pressure builds up, the ignition is energized, the fuel solenoid valve opens, fuel is injected and
ignited. At approximately 35% of governed speed, the start motor is de-energized and the APU crank lights
goes out.
2. APU Generator Breaker Light
This amber light marked GENERATOR is adjacent to the APU generator breaker switch. When the light
illuminates, it indicates that the generator breaker is tripped. This light will not be illuminated if the APU
switch is in the OFF position.
3. APU Generator Field Light
This amber light adjacent to the APU generator field switch, when illuminated, indicates that the generator
field is de-energized.
4. Fire Switch with Fire Warning Light (Red)
When pulled, will arm the respective APU bottle discharge switch, trip the APU generator field relay and close
the APU fuel shut-off and bleed air valve.
ILLUMINATED - Indicates fire in APU shroud. Fire alarm bell (in cockpit) and intermittent APU fire warning
horn (in nose wheel well) also sound. Master Fire Warning Lights also illuminate.
5. APU Generator Breaker Switch
This toggle lock switch marked GENERATOR with CLOSE-TRIP positions is on the APU control panel.
With this switch in the CLOSE position the APU generator is connected to the airplane electrical distribution
system if the APU is operating at governed speed; external power is off and engine generator breakers are
tripped.
With this switch in the TRIP position the APU generator is tripped. (The APU generator breaker is
automatically tripped by placing the external power switch ON, or by moving the engine generator breaker
to CLOSE.
6. Bottle Discharge Switch
Armed only if APU fire twitch pulled.
7. APU Generator Field Switch
This toggle lock switch marked FIELD with CLOSETRIP positions is on the APU control panel.
With this switch in the CLOSE position the field is closed. In the TRIP position, the field is tripped (the
generator breaker is then tripped automatically).
The field of the APU generator normally will remain closed so that the voltage build up is automatic when the
APU is being started.
8. Auto Fire Shutdown Arming Switch
ARMED a fire warning or test will automatically shut down APU.
OFF automatic shutdown deactivation.
Note:
If shutdown is initiated by other fire switch or automatic fire shutdown relay, the fuel
shutoff valve will close immediately accompanied by other normal shutdown actions.
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1
This panel contains 14 amber lights, one for each leading edge flap or slat, 14 green lights and a switch.
The switch has POSITION TEST-OFF-LIGHT TEST positions and is spring-loaded to the OFF position.
All lights should illuminate when the switch is in the LIGHT TEST position.
When the switch is in the POSITION TEST position, a green light indicates that the corresponding leading
edge device is extended. An amber light indicates the IN TRANSIT position and no light indicates the
retracted position of the corresponding leading edge flap or slat.
When the switch is in the OFF position, all lights are out.
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2
10
3
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4
accuracy performance index (API) may be gained if the aircraft is parked. API=5 is enough for flight
operations. NAV position must be selected before moving the airplane. After NAV position has been selected
the NAV READY will extinguish. The INS will automatically sequence trough STBY and ALIGN phases if NAV is
selected directly from OFF, and ramp position has been loaded prior or when API=7 is reached. READY NAV
light only flashes one time when API reaches 5.
ATT - attitude mode - INS provides attitude outputs only.
2. READY NAV Light (GREEN)
When the Mode Selector Knob is in the ALIGN position and API reached 5, the READY NAV Light will
illuminate to indicate the INS Navigation Unit is ready and alignment completed. When alignment is
performed setting the Mode Selector Knob directly on NAV position will flash the READY NAV Light one time
when API=5 is reached.
3. BAT Light (RED)
The Red BAT Light will warn there is insufficient battery voltage to power the INS. In this case the INS will
be automatically turned off.
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5
6. ALERT Light
Illuminates (amber) for two minutes before airplane reaches TO waypoint. Flashes when AUTO-MAN switch is
positioned in MAN, the TO waypoint has been reached and passed.
This is the alert for pilots that switching leg must be manually carried out. If AUTO/MAN selector is in AUTO
the light will extinguish when leg switching occurs.
7. BAT Light
Illuminates (amber) during alignment at API=8 for about 15 seconds indicating the battery test is in
progress. Also illuminates when INS is operating on battery power.
8. WARN Light
Illuminates (red) when INS detects an abnormal condition or flashing occasionally when route operation is in
progress.
9. Waypoint Switch
Selects waypoint number to be loaded or displayed.
10. FROM-TO Display
Two digit display where the pilot can insert and read waypoints and DME ID numbers:
1. Two non-flashing numbers are the waypoints defining the current navigation leg.
2. Non-flashing number in the FROM side of the display with Data Selector in WAYPT position shows
waypoint ID displayed on data displays.
3. Flashing number in the FROM side of the display with Data Selector in WAYPT position shows that
selected waypoint is in the leg currently shown.
11. DATA Selector
Selects what data is to be displayed on the Left and Right data displays.
Mode
Left Display
Right Display
TK/GS
HDG/DA
Airplane heading angle from 0 to 359.9 to the Drift angle from 0 to 180left or right
nearest tenth of degree with respect to the true of the plane. Heading to the nearest
north.
degree. Drift angle is 0 if GS is<80kts.
XTK/TKE
Cross track distance from 0 to 999.9 NMs right (R) Track angle error from 0 to 180 left
or left (L) of the track to the nearest tenth of NM. (L) or right (R) of the desired track
angle to the nearest degree.
POS
In degrees and minutes of displayed present position to the nearest tenth of minute.
If the HOLD switch is pushed and illuminated the displays are frozen. POS i s used to insert
ramp and position updating coordinates.
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6
East (E) or West (W) longitude.
In degrees and minutes of waypoint selected by the waypoint/DME selector to the nearest
tenth of minute. Waypoint 0 (before a manual track leg change has been made) indicates
the ramp position. When the INS is on the left and right displays digits show all zeros for
waypoint position. In DME updating mode for DME position will show the last position
loaded. Inertial position is indicated if HOLD switch is pushed and illuminated.
DIS/TIME
Distance from present position to the displayed TO Time from present position to the
waypoint, to any DME or between any two displayed TO waypoint, or between any
waypoints, from zero to 999.9 NM.
two waypoints, from zero to 999.9
minutes to the nearest tenth of min.
Displayed time is based on present
ground speed.
WIND
DSRTK/STS
13. WY PT CHG
When pushed and illuminated allows to select numbers on FROM-TO display using the CDU keyboard. Key
light extinguishes if CLEAR or INSERT is pushed. INSERT key illuminates when WYPT CHG is pushed and
illuminated, and goes out when CLEAR or INSERT key is pushed.
14. AUTO/MAN Switch
Selects automatic leg switching by INS (AUTO) or manual leg switching by the pilot (MAN).
15-24. Keyboard
10 keys to load data into data displays and FROM-TO display.
25. CLEAR Key
Used to cancel or clear data loading operation prior INSERT switch pushing.
26. Hidden (Virtual) Key Keyboard Hook Mode ON/OFF
Used to switch on keyboard shortcuts:
Ctrl+Shift+K: Keyboard Mode On/Off (or press left upper screw)
Data Selector: [ ]
Waypoint Selector: - + on Numpad
Digits: Numpad numbers
Clear: BackSpace or Del on Numpad
Insert: Ctrl+I or Numpad Enter
HOLD: Ctrl+H
REMOTE: Ctrl+R
WYPT CHG: Ctrl+W
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7
DISPLAYED STATUS
When CDU Data Selector Knob is in the DSRTK/STS position INS unit status is displayed on the CDU Right
Data Display. The display has six digits.
1. NAV Mode Indicator (always visible)
2,3. Action/Malfunction Codes (not always visible)
4. Always Blank
5. PI/AI (always visible)
6. "Desired PI" or "Requested PI" (always visible)
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8
NORMAL PROCEDURES
INS ALIGNMENT
-
Check if the status mode (the first digit on RH display) shows 0 (is not in NAV mode) and Accuracy
Performance Index (API on the fifth digit on RH display) is 9 and the desired Mode Index (MI on the sixth
digit on RH display) is 5.
HOLD Switch Push (Light On)
Push HOLD key and check on the LH display, the program ID 11 25.
-
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9
Otherwise the distance shown must be consistent with the flight plan's waypoint 0-1 distance. Push the '2'
key, check if FROM-TO display shows "21" and check if the related distance corresponds to the flight plan.
Repeat this procedure for all loaded waypoints. Check all INS leg distances match those reported by the
flight plan. It is a good method to make sure waypoints definition phase has been performed without errors.
CLEAR Key - Push
Check the WPT CHG and INSERT lights go out.
Map: you will see all waypoints on the map in realtime.
Save route: all waypoints with all your changes will be saved together with saved *.flt file.
BEFORE TAKEOFF
When ready to start the engines and taxi:
MSU Mode Selector - NAV
Check the READY NAV light turns off and the status mode changes from 0 to 1 (NAV mode) and the mode
index from 5 to 4. Set the CDU data selectors in the desired positions.
AFTER TAKEOFF
-
Autopilot -- ON
Autopilot -- HDG mode
Autopilot Navigation Source Selector -- pos AB
From this moment the INS will send navigation commands to the Autopilot.
NAVIGATION
Basically, during navigation, you need to program it (in case of need) to navigate to the destination waypoint
This unit is able to memorize up to 9 waypoints only. If the flight requires more than 9 waypoints (remember
the INS wraps back to waypoint 1 after the 9th is reached, so from leg 89 it jumps to 91) then you will need
to load new ones during flight.
- If you load flightplan using Flight Simulator Flight Planner and it has more than 9 waypoints, you can see
all flightplan page by page using hidden right upper screw button on the CDU.
- You can use auto-switch route pages feature if you want. In this case you do not need to load new
waypoints during flight, they will be loaded in the following sequence: when you reach leg 9-1, leg #9 will
from previous page, #1 - from current page and THEN leg will be switched to 1-2, #9 becomes 9 from
current page. To use this feature activate right lower screw (should be green during flight).
Autopilot will track CIVA-INS flightplan:
- Autopilot Mode Selector should be in MAN position
- Autopilot HDG Switch should be engaged
- Autopilot Navigation Source Selector - pos AB
- Heading Bug on Captain's HSI will be controlled by CIVA-INS
LEG CHANGE
It is possible to command a track leg change from present position (waypoint 0) to any waypoint or from
any waypoint to any other waypoint:
WAYPT CHG Switch Push (Light On)
Data keyboards - Push desired keys
INSERT Switch Push (Light Out)
AUTO/MAN Selector - AUTO
Monitor the flight instruments to make sure that the track change has been executed correctly.
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0
On WPT position you can compare the Inertial positions to evaluate the difference.
After the position check:
HOLD Switch Push (Light Out)
WPT CHG Switch Push (Light On)
On all INS keyboards Push 0 (present position) X (next waypoint)
-
Maximum drift error is ~0.8-0.9 nm, it will be accumulated in 60-120 min and will depend on bank; the
more turns the faster drift errors will be accumulated.
Zero Drift Error Feature:
- data Selector - DSRTK/STS
- press REMOTE
- when REMOTE illuminates you will see increasing digits on the left display
- press key 3
- REMOTE will extinguish
- if you press REMOTE again - you will see 0
Drift error is erased and will not increase in the current flight.
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CUSTOMER CARE
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TECH SUPPORT
The '777 Captain' is the most advanced, complete and accurate digital replica of the B777 ever made for any
game platform.
Our product is not perfect (unfortunately nothing is). But we are working on improvements. If you have
some important issue to report, please check-in to Your Profile then click Product Name > Customer Support
> and use the Trouble Ticket System. We process all tickets and consider the most significant issues for the
next service packs.
SPECIAL THANKS TO
Mark Fletcher
Paul Tally
Lou Thieblemont