Revision Guide Fp1

AQA Further pure maths 1
Name: .................................
Tutor group: .............................
Key dates
Further pure 1 exam :
17th May 2013 am
Term dates:
Term 1: Thursday 1 September 2011 Friday 21 October 2011 (37 teaching days)
Term 4: Monday 20 February 2012 Friday 30 March 2012 (30 teaching days)
Term 2: Monday 31 October 2011 Friday

16 December 2011 (35 teaching days)
Term 5: Monday 16 April 2012 Friday 1

June 2012 (34 teaching days)
Term 3: Tuesday 3 January 2012- Friday 10

February 2012 (29 teaching days)
Term 6: Monday 11 June 2012 Thursday

19 July 2012 (29 teaching days)
Scheme of Assessment Further Mathematics

Advanced Subsidiary (AS)
Advanced Level (AS + A2)
Candidates for AS and/or A Level Further Mathematics are expected to have already obtained (or to be
obtaining concurrently) an AS and/or A Level award in Mathematics.
The Advanced Subsidiary (AS) award comprises three units chosen from the full suite of units in this
specification, except that the Core
units cannot be included. One unit must be chosen from MFP1, MFP2, MFP3 and MFP4. All three units can
be at AS standard; for example, MFP1, MM1B and MS1A could be chosen. All three units can be in Pure
Mathematics; for example, MFP1, MFP2 and MFP4 could be chosen.
The Advanced (A Level) award comprises six units chosen from the full suite of units in this specification,
except that the Core units cannot be included. The six units must include at least two units from MFP1, MFP2,
MFP3 and MFP4. All four of these units could be chosen. At least three of the six units counted towards A
Level Further Mathematics must be at A2 standard.
All the units count for 331/3% of the total AS marks
162/3% of the total A level marks
Written Paper
1hour 30 minutes
75 marks
Further Pure 1
All questions are compulsory. A graphics calculator may be used
Grading System
The AS qualifications will be graded on a five-point scale: A, B, C, D and E. The full A level qualifications will
be graded on a six-point scale: A*, A, B, C, D and E.
To be awarded an A* in Further Mathematics, candidates will need to achieve grade A on the full A level
qualification and 90% of the maximum uniform mark on the aggregate of the best three of the A2 units which
contributed towards Further Mathematics. For all qualifications, candidates who fail to reach the minimum
standard for grade E will be recorded as U (unclassified) and will not receive a qualification certificate.
Further pure 1 subject content
Algebra and Graphs

Complex Numbers
Roots and Coefficients of a quadratic equation
Series
Calculus
Numerical Methods
Trigonometry
Matrices and Transformations
Further pure 1 specifications

Candidates will be expected to be familiar with the knowledge, skills and understanding implicit in the modules
Core 1 and Core 2.
Candidates will also be expected to know for section 6 that the roots of an equation f(x)=0 can be located by
considering changes of sign of f(x) in an interval of x in which f(x) is continuous.
Candidates may use relevant formulae included in the formulae booklet without proof.
ALGEBRA AND GRAPHS

Graphs of rational functions
of the form
ax + b
ax + b
, 2
or
cx + d cx + dx + e
x 2 + ax + b
x 2 + cx + d
Sketching the graphs.

Finding the equations of the asymptotes which will always be parallel to the
coordinate axes.
Finding points of intersection with the coordinate axes or other straight
lines.
Solving associated inequalities.
Using quadratic theory (not calculus) to find the possible values of the
function and the coordinates of the maximum or minimum points on the
graph.
E.g.
x2 + 2
for y = 2
, y = k x 2 + 2 = kx 2 4kx,
x 4x
which has real roots if 16k 2 + 8k 8 0,
1
i.e. if k 1 or k ;
2
1
Stationary points are (1, 1) and ( 2, )
2
Graphs of parabolas,
ellipses and hyperbolas with
equations
x2 y 2
y 2 4ax, 2 + =
1,
=
a
b2
x2 y 2
1 and=
=
xy c 2
2
2
a
b
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Non-real roots of quadratic
equations.
Sum, difference and
product
of complex numbers in the
form x+iy.
Comparing real and
imaginary parts.
Sketching the graphs.

Finding points of intersection with the coordinate axes or other straight
lines. Candidates will be expected to interpret the geometrical implication of
equal roots, distinct real roots or no real roots.
Knowledge of the effects on these equations of single transformations of
these graphs involving translations, stretches parallel to the x- or y-axes, and
reflections in the line y = x.
Including the use of the equations of the asymptotes of the hyperbolas given
in the formulae booklet.
Complex conjugates - awareness that non-real roots of quadratic equations

with real coefficients occur in conjugate pairs.
Including solving equations

E.g. Solving 2 z + z * =1 + i where z * is the conjugate of z
ROOTS AND COEFFICENTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

Manipulating expressions
involving + and
E.g. 3 + 3 = ( + )3 3 ( + )
Forming an equation with roots 3 , 3 or
1 1
2
2
, or + , + etc.
SERIES
Use of formulae for the sum of the
squares and the sum of the cubes of
the natural numbers.
E.g. Find a polynomial expression for r 2 (r + 1) or
NUMERICAL METHODS
Finding roots of equations by
interval bisection, linear interpolation
and the Newton-Raphson method.
Solving differential equations of the
form
dy
= f ( x)
dx
Reducing a relation to a linear law.
(r
r + 1)
=
r 1=
r 1
CALCULUS
Finding the gradient of the tangent
to a curve at a point, by taking the
limit as h tends to zero of the
gradient of a chord joining two
points whose x-coordinates differ by
h
Evaluation of simple improper
integrals.
The equation will be given as y = f ( x),

E.g. where f ( x) is a simple polynomial
such as x 2 2 x or x 4 + 3
E.g.
1
dx ,
x
x 2 dx
Graphical illustration of these methods.

Using a step-by-step method based on the linear approximations
yn +1 yn + hf ( xn ) ; xn +1 = xn + h, with given values for x0 , y0 and h
1 1
+ = k ; y 2 = ax3 + b ; y = ax n ; y = ab x
x y
Use of logarithms to base 10 where appropriate.
Given numerical values of (x,y), drawing a linear graph and using it to
estimate the values of the unknown constants.
E.g.
TRIGONOMETRY
General solutions of trigonometric
equations including use of exact
values for the sine, cosine and
tangent of
, ,
6 4 3
MATRICES
2x2 and 2x1 matrices; addition and
subtraction, multiplication by a
scalar.
Multiplying a 2x2 matrix by a 2x2
matrix or by a 2x1 matrix.
The identity matrix I for a 2x2 matrix.
Transformations of points in the x-y
plane represented by 2x2 matrices.
3
1
Sin 2 x = , Cos x + =
, Tan 2 x =
1
E.g.
2
6
2
0.2
Sin 2 x =
0.3 , Cos (3 x 1) =
Transformations will be restricted to rotations about the origin,

reflections in a line through the origin, stretches parallel to the x- and
y- axes, and enlargements with centre the origin.
Use of the standard transformation matrices given in the formulae
booklet.
Combinations of these transformations
The formulae booklet
Content
Algebra and Graphs

Complex Numbers
Series
Calculus
Numerical Methods
Trigonometry
Matrices and Transformations
ALGEBRA AND GRAPHS
Conics
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Series
Calculus
Numerical methods
Linear laws
Trigonometry
Matrices and transformations
Matrix transformations
General Certificate of Education

January 2006
Advanced Subsidiary Examination
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
Monday 23 January 2006
MFP1
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm
For this paper you must have:

*
an 8-page answer book
*
the blue AQA booklet of formulae and statistical tables
*
an insert for use in Question 6 (enclosed)
You may use a graphics calculator.
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Instructions
Use blue or black ink or ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper
is AQA. The Paper Reference is MFP1.
Answer all questions.
All necessary working should be shown; otherwise marks for method may be lost.
Fill in the boxes at the top of the insert.
*
*
*
*
*
Information
The maximum mark for this paper is 75.
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
*
*
Advice
Unless stated otherwise, formulae may be quoted, without proof, from the booklet.
*
P80785/Jan06/MFP1 6/6/6/
MFP1
(a) Show that the equation

x3 2x
20
has a root between 0.5 and 1.
(2 marks)
(b) Use linear interpolation once to find an estimate of this root. Give your answer to two
decimal places.
(3 marks)
(a) For each of the following improper integrals, find the value of the integral or explain
briefly why it does not have a value:
9
1
p dx ;
(i)
(3 marks)
0 x
(ii)
1
p dx .
0x x
(3 marks)
(b) Explain briefly why the integrals in part (a) are improper integrals.
(1 mark)
3 Find the general solution, in degrees, for the equation

sin 4x 10 sin 50
(5 marks)
4 A curve has equation

y
6x
x
(a) Write down the equations of the two asymptotes to the curve.
(2 marks)
(b) Sketch the curve and the two asymptotes.
(4 marks)
(c) Solve the inequality

6x
x
P80785/Jan06/MFP1
<3
(4 marks)
(a)
p p
(i) Calculate 2 i 5 5
(ii) Hence verify that
p
5
i .
(3 marks)
i is a root of the equation

p
2 i 5 z 3z
where z is the conjugate of z.
(2 marks)
(b) The quadratic equation

x2 px q 0
in which the coefficients p and q are real, has a complex root
p
5
i.
(i) Write down the other root of the equation.
(1 mark)
(ii) Find the sum and product of the two roots of the equation.
(3 marks)
(iii) Hence state the values of p and q.
(2 marks)
6 [Figure 1 and Figure 2, printed on the insert, are provided for use in this question.]
The variables x and y are known to be related by an equation of the form
y kx n
where k and n are constants.
Experimental evidence has provided the following approximate values:
x
17
150
300
1.8
5.0
30
50
(a) Complete the table in Figure 1, showing values of X and Y , where

X log10 x and Y log10 y
Give each value to two decimal places.
(3 marks)
(b) Show that if y kx n , then X and Y must satisfy an equation of the form
Y aX b
(3 marks)
(c) Draw on Figure 2 a linear graph relating X and Y .
(3 marks)
(d) Find an estimate for the value of n.
(2 marks)
Turn over for the next question

P80785/Jan06/MFP1
Turn over
(a) The transformation T is defined by the matrix A, where

0
1
A
1
0
(i) Describe the transformation T geometrically.
(2 marks)
(ii) Calculate the matrix product A2 .
(2 marks)
(iii) Explain briefly why the transformation T followed by T is the identity

transformation.
(1 mark)
(b) The matrix B is defined by

1
B
0
(i) Calculate B2
1
1
A2 .
(3 marks)
(ii) Calculate B AB
A .
(3 marks)
8 A curve has equation y 2 12x .

(a) Sketch the curve.
(b)
(2 marks)
(i) The curve is translated by 2 units in the positive y direction. Write down the
equation of the curve after this translation.
(2 marks)
(ii) The original curve is reflected in the line y x. Write down the equation of the
curve after this reflection.
(1 mark)
(c)
(i) Show that if the straight line y x c, where c is a constant, intersects the curve
y 2 12x, then the x-coordinates of the points of intersection satisfy the equation
x2 2c
12x c2 0
(3 marks)
(ii) Hence find the value of c for which the straight line is a tangent to the curve.
(2 marks)
(iii) Using this value of c, find the coordinates of the point where the line touches the
curve.
(2 marks)
(iv) In the case where c 4, determine whether the line intersects the curve or not.
(3 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
Copyright 2006 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
P80785/Jan06/MFP1
AQA GCE Mark Scheme, 2006 January series MFP1
MFP1
Q
Solution
1(a) f(0.5) = 0.875, f(1) = 1
Marks
B1
E1
M2,1
A1
Change of sign, so root between
(b) Complete line interpolation method

Estimated root = 11 0.73
Totals
2
3
15
Total
2(a)(i)
x 2
(ii)
x 2
1
2
dx =
1
2x 2
dx = 6
dx = 2 x
A1
1
2
(+ c)
E1
E1
Total
Use of sin 130 = sin 50

Second solution is x = 30
Introduction of 90n, or 360n or 180n
GS (10 + 90n), (30 + 90n)
M1
A1
M1
A1
Total
4(a) Asymptotes x = 1, y = 6
(b) Curve (correct general shape)
Curve passing through origin
Both branches approaching x = 1
Both branches approaching y = 6
(c) Correct method
Critical values 1
Solution set 1 < x < 1
B1B1
M1
A1
A1
A1
M1
B1B1
A1
Total
5(a)(i) Full expansion of product
Use of i = 1
2 + 5i 5 i = 3 5 + 3i
ft wrong coeff of x
M1 for kx
3
1
7
1
2
1
2
1
2
Tending to infinity clearly implied
PI by general formula
OE
OE
Or n/2 or 2n or n
OE; ft one numerical error or omission of
2nd soln
5
2
SC Only one branch:

B1 for origin
B1 for approaching both asymptotes
( Max 2/4)
From graph or calculation
ft one error in CVs; NMS
4/4 after a good graph
10
M1
m1
A1
)(
B1
3 One solution is x = 10
M1 for kx
M1A1
as x 0, so no value
(b) Denominator 0 as x 0
M1 for partially correct method

11
as answer
Allow 15
M1A1
(+ c)
Comments
5 5 = 5 must be used Accept not

fully simplified
2
1
Convincingly shown (AG)
M1
(ii) z* = x iy (= 5 + i)
Hence result
A1
B1
(b)(i) Other root is 5 + i

(ii) Sum of roots is 2 5
B1
Product is 6
M1A1
B1
B1
(iii) p = 2 5 , q = 6
Total
3
2
11
ft wrong answers in (ii)
MFP1 AQA GCE Mark Scheme, 2006 January series
MFP1
Q
Solution
X
values
1.23,
2.18
6(a)
Y values 0.70, 1.48
(b) lg y = lg k + lg xn
lg xn = n lg x
So Y = nX + lg k
(c) Four points plotted
Marks
Totals
B3,2,1
M1
M1
A1
B2,1
Good straight line drawn

(d) Method for gradient
Estimate for n
B1
M1
A1
Total
7(a)(i) Reflection ...
(ii)
1 0
A2 =
0 1
(iii) A2 = I or geometrical reasoning
1 2
2
(b)(i) B = 0 1
E1
M1A1
0 2
B 2 A2 =
0 0
(ii)
1 0 1 2
(B + A)(B A) =
1 1 1 1
1 for each error
B1 if one error here;

ft wrong values in (a)
ft incorrect points (approx collinear)
Allow AWRT 0.75 - 0.78; ft grad of
candidate's graph
11
M1
A1
M1A1
... in y = x
Comments
A1
2
2
OE
M1A0 for three correct entries
1
M1A0 for three correct entries
ft errors, dependent on both M marks
ft one error; M1A0 for

three correct (ft) entries
B1
M1
A1
1 2
0 1
... =
Total
8(a) Good attempt at sketch
11
M1
A1
B1
B1
B1
B1
M1
A1
M1
A1
M1
A1
M1A1
A1
Correct at origin
(b)(i) y replaced by y 2
Equation is (y 2)2 = 12x
(ii) Equation is x2 = 12y
(c)(i) (x + c)2 = x2 + 2cx + c2
... = 12x
Hence result
(ii) Tangent if (2c 12)2 4c2 = 0
ie if 48c + 144 = 0 so c = 3
(iii) x2 6x + 9 = 0
x = 3, y = 6
(iv) c = 4 discriminant = 48 < 0
So line does not intersect curve
Total
TOTAL
2
2
1
ft y + 2 for y 2
convincingly shown (AG)
2
2
OE
3
15
75
Further pure 1 - AQA - January 2006

Question 1
1) Call f ( x) = x3 + 2 x 2
f (0.5) =0.53 + 2 0.5 2 =0.875 < 0
a)
f (1) = 13 + 2 1 1 = 1 > 0
According to the sign change rule,
we can say that there is at least a root of f in the interval [0.5,1]
b) Let's call A(0.5,f(0.5)) and B(1,f(1))
f (1) f (0.5) 15
=
The gradient of the line AB is
1 0.5
4
15
An equation of the line AB is : y =
1
( x 1)
4
This line croos the x axis when y =
0
which gives =
1
0.5
x0
o
15
( x 1)
4
-0.5
4
= x 1
15
2) a ) i )
1
2
dx =
x
dx =
2 x +c
we can therefore work out
3
2
dx =
2 x
x dx =
-1
f ( x) =
2 x ' s domain is ,
) (
9
1
dx = 2 x = 2 9 2 0 = 6
0
x
2
=
x x
x
This integral does not have a value.
ii )
11
=
x
( 0.73)
15
Question 2:
1
2
2
when x =
0,
is not defined .
x
b) These integrals are improper because the function to integrate are not defined for x = 0.
Question 3:
Sin(4 x + 10) =
Sin(50)
so
or
4 x + 10 = 50 + 360n
4 x = 40 + 360n
x = 10o + 90o n
4 x + 10= (180 50) + 360n
4 x = 120 + 360n
x 30o + 90o n
=
n
Question 4:
6x
6
=
, dividing by x gives y
1
x +1
1+
x
1
when x , y 6 because 0
x
The line with equation y = 6 is asymptote to the curve
When x 1, y
a) y
the line with equation x = 1 is a (vertical) asymptote to the curve

b) With a table of values ( to plot a couple of " guide "points ) we will obtain :
6x
=
3
6x =
3( x 1)
x 1
3x =
3
x=
1.
On the graph, draw the line y =3 .
6x
From this, we can conclude that the solutions of
<3
x 1
are all the values x with 1 < x < 1
c)
6x
<3
x 1
Question 5:
a) i) 2 + i 5
We solve
)(
5 i = 2 5 2i + 5i i 2 5= 3 5 + 3i
ii ) if z =
5 i
then z* =
5 + i and 3 z* =
3 5 + 3i
so indeed (2 + i 5) z =
3z *
b) i ) If one complex root is 5 i, then the other root is the conjugate 5 + i
=
ii ) Sum : 5 + i + 5 1 2 5
=
Product:( 5 + i )( 5 i ) 6
iii ) therefore q = 6 and p = 2 5

Question 6:
X
Y
0.60
0.26
1.23
0.70
2.18
1.48
2.48
1.70
b) y
n
kx
=
then log10 ( y ) log10 (kx n )
=
Y log10 k + n log10 ( x)
=
Y nX + log10 k
=
Y aX + b
=
with a n=
and b log10 k
c) An estimate of the gradient is n =
1.47
= 0.78
1.88
Question 7:
i ) T is the reflection in the line y = x

1 0
ii ) A2 =
0 1
iii ) The reflection in y = x followed by the same reflection
return the same object you started with.
1 1
1 2
B2
=
0 1
0 1
1 2 1 0 0 2
and B 2 A2 =
0 1 0 1 =
0 0

b) i ) B
1 0 1 2 1 2
ii ) ( B + A)( B =
A)
=

1 1 1 1 0 1
Question 8:
a)
b) i ) ( y 2) 2 = 12 x
ii ) x 2 = 12 y
y 2 = 12 x
c) i )
y= x + c
gives ( x + c) 2 =
12 x
x 2 + 2cx + c 2 12 x =
0
x 2 + (2c 12) x + c 2 =
0
(E)
ii ) The line is tangent to the curve when there is one unique solution to this equation
meaning that the discriminant is equal to 0
Discriminant: (2c 12) 2 4 1 c 2 =0
4c 2 48c + 144 4c 2 =
0
48c + 144 =
0
c=3
iii ) When c = 3, the equation ( E ) becomes
x2 6 x + 9 =
0
=
so x 3
(x
3) 2 0 =
and y = x + c =
6
The coordinates of the point
where the line and the curve touches: (3,6)
iv) When c
4, the equation=
( E ) becomes x 2 4 x + 16 0
The discriminant is (4) 2 4 116 =48 < 0

The line and the curve do not intersect.
Grade boundaries

June 2006
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
Monday 12 June 2006
MFP1
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm

*
*

Instructions
Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this
paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is MFP1.
Show all necessary working; otherwise marks for method may be lost.
*
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
Unless stated otherwise, you may quote formulae, without proof, from the booklet.
*
P85239/Jun06/MFP1 6/6/6/
MFP1
1 The quadratic equation

3x2
6x 2 0
has roots a and b.

(a) Write down the numerical values of a b and ab.
(b)
(2 marks)
(i) Expand a b3 .
(1 mark)
(ii) Show that a 3 b 3 4.
(3 marks)
(c) Find a quadratic equation with roots a 3 and b 3 , giving your answer in the form
(3 marks)
px2 qx r 0, where p, q and r are integers.
2 A curve satisfies the differential equation

dy
log10 x
dx
Starting at the point (2, 3) on the curve, use a step-by-step method with a step length of 0.2 to
estimate the value of y at x 2:4 . Give your answer to three decimal places.
(6 marks)
3 Show that
n
X
r2
r knn 1n
r1
where k is a rational number.
(4 marks)
4 Find, in radians, the general solution of the equation

p
3
cos 3x
2
giving your answers in terms of p.
P85239/Jun06/MFP1
(5 marks)
5 The matrix M is defined by

2
6
6
M6
4
3
1
1
p p 7
2
27
7
1
1 5
p p
2
2
(a) Find the matrix:

(i) M2 ;
(3 marks)
(ii) M4 .
(1 mark)
(b) Describe fully the geometrical transformation represented by M.
(2 marks)
(c) Find the matrix M2006 .
(3 marks)
6 It is given that z x iy, where x and y are real numbers.

(a) Write down, in terms of x and y, an expression for
z i
where z i denotes the complex conjugate of z i.
(2 marks)
(b) Solve the equation

z i 2iz 1
giving your answer in the form a bi.
(5 marks)
P85239/Jun06/MFP1
Turn over
(a) Describe a geometrical transformation by which the hyperbola

x2
4y2 1
can be obtained from the hyperbola x2
y2 1.
(2 marks)
(b) The diagram shows the hyperbola H with equation

x2
y2
4x 3 0
By completing the square, describe a geometrical transformation by which the

(4 marks)
hyperbola H can be obtained from the hyperbola x2 y2 1.
P85239/Jun06/MFP1
(a) The function f is defined for all real values of x by

f x x3 x2
(i) Express f 1 h
f 1 in the form
ph qh2 rh3
where p, q and r are integers.
(4 marks)
(ii) Use your answer to part (a)(i) to find the value of f '1.
(2 marks)
(b) The diagram shows the graphs of

1
y 2
x
and y x 1
for
x>0
y
yx1
P
1
1
y 2
x
1
The graphs intersect at the point P.

(i) Show that the x-coordinate of P satisfies the equation f x 0, where f is the
function defined in part (a).
(1 mark)
(ii) Taking x1 1 as a first approximation to the root of the equation f x 0, use
the NewtonRaphson method to find a second approximation x2 to the root.
(3 marks)
1
(c) The region enclosed by the curve y 2 , the line x 1 and the x-axis is shaded on the
x
diagram. By evaluating an improper integral, find the area of this region.
(3 marks)
P85239/Jun06/MFP1
Turn over
9 A curve C has equation

y
(a)
x 1x 3
xx 2
(i) Write down the coordinates of the points where C intersects the x-axis. (2 marks)
(ii) Write down the equations of all the asymptotes of C.
(b)
(3 marks)
(i) Show that, if the line y k intersects C, then

k
1k
4 5 0
(5 marks)
(ii) Given that there is only one stationary point on C, find the coordinates of this
stationary point.
No credit will be given for solutions based on differentiation.
(c) Sketch the curve C.
(3 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
P85239/Jun06/MFP1
(3 marks)
AQA GCE Mark Scheme, 2006 June series MFP1
MFP1
Q
Solution
1(a) + = 2, =
2
3
(b)(i) ( + ) = +3 +3 +
3
(ii)
Marks
Total
B1B1
B1
2
1
SC 1/2 for answers 6 and 2

Accept unsimplified
convincingly shown AG
3
9
ft wrong value for 3 3
3 + 3 = ( + ) 3 3 ( + )
M1
Substitution of numerical values
m1
A1
+ =4
(c) 3 3 = 8
27
3
B1
2
Equation of form px 4px + r = 0
M1
Answer 27x2 108x + 8 = 0
A1
Total
2 1st increment is 0.2 lg 2 ...

... 0.06021
x = 2.2 y 3.06021
2nd increment is 0.2 lg 2.2
... 0.06848
x = 2.4 y 3.12869 3.129
M1
A1
A1
or 0.2 lg 2.1 or 0.2 lg 2.2

PI
PI; ft numerical error
m1
A1
A1
consistent with first one

PI
ft numerical error
Total
3 (r2 r) = r2 r
At least one linear factor found
(r2 r) = 16 n(n + 1)(2n + 1 3)
... =
1
n(n
3
cos =
6
6
6
M1
m1
m1
A1
+ 1)(n 1)
Total
Comments
3
stated or used
2
OE
4
4
B1
Appropriate use of
Introduction of 2n
Division by 3
B1
M1
M1
x = + 2 n
18 3
A1
Total
Condone decimals and/or degrees until

final mark
Of + kn or + kn
5
5
0 1
1 0
(ii)
1 0
M4 =
0 1
M1
A2,1
M1 if 2 entries correct
M1A1 if 3 entries correct
B1
ft error in M2 provided no surds in M2
(b) Rotation (about the origin)

... through 45 clockwise
(c) Awareness of M8 = I
M1
A1
M1
m1
A1
5(a)(i)
M2 =
0 1
1 0
M2006 =
Total
2
3
9
OE; NMS 2/3

complete valid method
ft error in M2 as above
MFP1 AQA GCE Mark Scheme, 2006 June series
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
6(a) ( z + i)* = x iy i
(b) ... = 2ix 2y + 1
Equating R and I parts
x = 2y + 1, y 1 = 2x
z = 1 + i
Marks
B2
M1
M1
A1
m1A1
Total
7(a) Stretch parallel to y axis ...

... scale-factor 12 parallel to y axis
B1
B1
(b) (x 2)2 y2 = 1
Translation in x direction ...
... 2 units in positive x direction
M1A1
A1
A1
8(a)(i) (1 + h)3 = 1 + 3h + 3h2 + h3

f (1 + h) = 1 + 5h + 4h2 + h3
f (1 + h) f(1) = 5h + 4h2 + h3
(ii) Dividing by h
f'(1) = 5
(b)(i) x2(x + 1) = 1, hence result
(ii)
x2 = 1 1 = 4
5
(c)
Total
B1
M1A1
A1
M1
A1
B1
M1A1
A1
Total
2
5
7
Comments
i2 = 1 used at some stage

involving at least 5 terms in all
ft one sign error in (a)
ditto; allow x = 1, y = 1
4
6
4
PI; ft wrong coefficients

ft numerical errors
2
1
ft numerical errors
ft c's value of f'(1)
Area =
dx
M1
M1
... = x 1
1
... = 0 1 = 1
A1
Total
B1B1
B1 3
M1A1
9(a)(i) Intersections at (1, 0), (3, 0)

(ii) Asymptotes x = 0, x = 2, y = 1
(b)(i) y = k kx2 2kx = x2 2x 3
2
... (k1)x +(2k+2)x+3=0

= 4(k 1)(k 4), hence result
(ii) y = 4 at SP
3x2 6x + 3 = 0, so x = 1
(c) Curve with three branches
Middle branch correct
Other two branches correct
A1
m1A1
B1
M1A1
B1
B1
B1
Total
TOTAL
Ignore limits here

3
13
2
3
Allow x = 1, x = 3
M1 for clearing denominator
5
3
3
16
75
ft numerical error
A0 if other point(s) given
approaching vertical asymptotes
Coordinates of SP not needed
3 asymptotes shown
Further pure 1 - AQA - June 2006

Question 1:
has roots and
1) 3 x 2 6 x + 2 =
0
a) + =
6
=2
3
2
3
b) i ) ( + ) = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
3
ii ) 3 + 3 =( + ) 3 2 3 2 =( + ) 3 ( + )
3
2
3
3 + 3 2=
3 2 = 8 4 4
=
3
3
c) If u =
and v 3
then
=
(=
)
3
u +=
v 4 and u=
v 3 =
8
27
8
=0
27
27 x 2 108 x + 8 = 0
An equation with roots u = 3 and v = 3 is : x 2 4 x +
Question 2:
Euler formula : yn +=
yn + hf ( xn )
1
=
x1 2=
and h 0.2
for
=
x2 2.2 , y2 3 + 0.2 log10 (2) 3.0602
for x3 = 2.4 , y3 3.0602 + 0.2 log10 (2.2) 3.129
Question 3:
n
r 1
=
1
1
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)
6
2
r 1=
r 1
=
1
1
n(n + 1)[2n + 1 3] = n(n + 1)(n 1)
=
6
3
(r 2 r=)
r 2 =r
Question 4:
Cos3 x =
3
2
3x =
+ k 2 or 3 x =
+ k 2
6
6
2
2
x
or x =
+k
+k
18
3
18
3
Question 5:
1
2
M =
1
2
1
2
1
2
0 1
a )i ) M 2 =
1 0
1 0
M4 =
0 1
b) M represents the rotation centre (0,0) angle
(= 45o ) clockwise
4
c) Because M represents a rotation with angle 450 then M 8 is a rotation with angle 45 8=360o
M8 = I
M 2006 = M 8250+ 6 = ( M 8 )
250
M 6 = I 250 M 6 = M 4 M 2
0 1
M 2006 =
1 0
Question 6:
a ) z= x + iy
( z + i )* = ( x + i ( y + 1))* = x i ( y + 1)
b) ( z + i )* = 2iz + 1
x i ( y + 1)= 2i ( x + iy ) + 1
x i ( y + 1) = 2ix 2 y + 1
x + i (1 y ) = 1 2 y + 2ix therefore
Real parts are equal
x= 1 2 y
Imaginary parts are equal
1 y =2 x
We solve
1 y= 2(1 2 y )
1 y = 2 4 y
3y = 3
y =1
and x =
1 2y =
1 2 = 1
z = 1 + i
Question 7:
a) x 2 4 y 2 =
1
x 2 (2 y ) 2 =
1
This hyperbola can be obtain by a stretch,scale factor
1
, parallel to the y-axis
2
of the hyperbola x 2 y 2 =
1
b) x 2 y 2 4 x + 3 =
0
x2 4 x y 2 + 3 =
0
( x 2) 2 4 y 2 + 3 =
0
( x 2) 2 y 2 =
1
2
This hyperbola can be obtain by a translation of vector of the hyperbola x 2 y 2 =
1
0
Question 8:
a) f ( x) = x3 + x 2 1
i ) f (1 + h) f (1) =
( (1 + h)3 + (1 + h)2 1) (13 + 12 1)
= (1 + 3h + 3h 2 + h3 + 1 + 2h + h 2 1) (1)
= 5h + 4 h 2 + h 3
f (1 + h) (1) 5h + 4h 2 + h3
=
= 5 + 4h + h 2
5
h 0
h
h
so f '(1) = 5
1
b)i ) The x-coordinate of P satisfy the equation 2 = x + 1
x
2
multiply by x :
1 x3 + x 2
=
ii )
x3 + x 2 1 =0
f ( x) = 0
f ( x1 )
ii ) If x1 is an approximation of the root then x2= x1
is a better approximation.
f '( x1 )
x1 1, f (=
x1 ) f=
(1) 1 and f =
'(1) 5
=
so
1 4
x2 = 1 = = 0.8
5 5
c) If it exits, the area is
a 1
1
1 1
1
dx. 2 dx= = +
1
2
1 x
x
a 1 a
x 1
Question 9:
0
a ) i ) The curve C crosses the x axis when y =
( x + 1)( x 3)
We solve 0
which gives ( x + 1)( x 3) 0
=
x( x 2)
3
x=
1 and x =
The curve crosses the x-axis at ( 1,0) and (3,0)
ii ) "Vertical asympt=
and x 2 (roots of the denominator)
ote " x 0=
2 3
1 2
x 2x 3
x x
=
y =
1 so y = 1 is an asymptote.
x
2
2
x 2x
1
x
x2 2 x 3
(y ) =
b) The curve and the line y=k intersect if the equation
k has solutions.
=
x2 2 x
x2 2x 3
= k gives x 2 2 x 3= kx 2 2kx
x2 2 x
(1 k ) x 2 + (2k 2) x 3 = 0
2
The discriminant :
(2k 2) 2 4 (1 k ) (3) must be positive or =0

4k 2 8k + 4 + 12 12k 0
4k 2 20k + 16 0
k 2 5k + 4 0
(k 1)(k 4) 0
ii ) If the curve has only one stationary point, the line y = k

will intersect the curve at only one point, which means (k 1)(k 4) =
0
this gives two values for k : k = 1 or k = 4
Case 1: k = 1
=
3 0
then the equation (1 k ) x 2 + (2k =
2) x 3 0 becomes
There is no solution
Case 2 : k = 4
2
2) x 3 0 becomes 3 x=
+ 6x 3 0
then the equation (1 k ) x 2 + (2k=
x2 2 x + 1 =
0
( x 1) 2 = 0
(1 + 1)(1 3)
=4
1(1 2)
The stationary point has coordinates (1,4)
c)
=
so x 1=
and y

January 2007
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
Friday 26 January 2007
MFP1
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm

*
*
the blue AQA booklet of formulae and statistical tables.

Instructions
*
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
*
P89695/Jan07/MFP1 6/6/
MFP1
(a) Solve the following equations, giving each root in the form a bi :
(b)
(i) x 2 16 0 ;
(2 marks)
(ii) x 2 2x 17 0 .
(2 marks)
(i) Expand 1 x3 .
(2 marks)
(ii) Express 1 i3 in the form a bi .
(2 marks)
(iii) Hence, or otherwise, verify that x 1 i satisfies the equation

x 3 2x 4i 0
(2 marks)
2 The matrices A and B are given by

2 p
2 p
3
3
1
1
3
3
6 2 27
6 2
2 7
6
6
7
7
A6
,
B
6
7
p 7
4 1 p3 5
4 1
35

2
2
2
2
(a) Calculate:
(i) A B ;
(2 marks)
(ii) BA .
(3 marks)
(b) Describe fully the geometrical transformation represented by each of the following
matrices:
(i) A ;
(2 marks)
(ii) B ;
(2 marks)
(iii) BA .
(2 marks)
P89695/Jan07/MFP1

2x 2 4x 3 0
has roots a and b .
(a) Write down the values of a b and ab .
(2 marks)
(b) Show that a 2 b 2 1 .
(3 marks)
(c) Find the value of a 4 b 4 .
(3 marks)
4 The variables x and y are related by an equation of the form

y ax b
where a and b are constants.
(a) Using logarithms to base 10, reduce the relation y ax b to a linear law connecting
(2 marks)
log10 x and log10 y .
(b) The diagram shows the linear graph that results from plotting log10 y against log10 x .
log10 y
Find the values of a and b .
log10 x
(4 marks)
P89695/Jan07/MFP1
Turn over

x
y 2
x 1
(a) Write down the equations of the three asymptotes to the curve.
(3 marks)
(b) Sketch the curve.

(You are given that the curve has no stationary points.)
(4 marks)
(c) Solve the inequality

x
>0
x2 1
(a)
(i) Expand 2r 12 .
(3 marks)
(1 mark)
(ii) Hence show that

n
X
1
2r 12 3 n4n 2 1
(5 marks)
r1
(b) Hence find the sum of the squares of the odd numbers between 100 and 200.
(4 marks)
7 The function f is defined for all real numbers by

p
f x sin x
6
(a) Find the general solution of the equation f x 0 .
(3 marks)
(b) The quadratic function g is defined for all real numbers by

p
1
1
3
gx
x x2
2
4
2
It can be shown that gx gives a good approximation to f x for small values of x .
(i) Show that g0:05 and f 0:05 are identical when rounded to four decimal
places.
(2 marks)
(ii) A chord joins the points on the curve y gx for which x 0 and x h .
Find an expression in terms of h for the gradient of this chord.
(2 marks)
(iii) Using your answer to part (b)(ii), find the value of g 0 0 .
P89695/Jan07/MFP1
(1 mark)

x2 y 2

1
25 9
(a) Find the y-coordinates of the points on C for which x 10 , giving each answer in the
p
form k 3 , where k is an integer.
(3 marks)
(b) Sketch the curve C, indicating the coordinates of any points where the curve intersects
the coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
(c) Write down the equation of the tangent to C at the point where C intersects the positive
x-axis.
(1 mark)
(d)
(i) Show that, if the line y x 4 intersects C, the x-coordinates of the points of
intersection must satisfy the equation
16x 2 200x 625 0
(3 marks)
(ii) Solve this equation and hence state the relationship between the line y x 4
and the curve C .
(2 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
P89695/Jan07/MFP1
MFP1 - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2007 January series
MFP1
Q
1(a)(i) Roots are 4i
Solution
Marks
M1A1
Total
2
M1A1
M1 for correct method
(1 + x)3 = 1 + 3x + 3x 2 + x 3
M1A1
M1A0 if one small error
(ii)
(1 + i)3 = 1 + 3i 3 i = 2 + 2i
M1A1
M1 if i 2 = 1 used
(iii)
(1 + i) 3 + 2(1 + i) 4i
M1
= ( 2 + 2i ) + ( 2 2i ) = 0
A1
(ii) Roots are 1 4i

(b)(i)
(ii)
M1A1
M1A0 if 3 entries correct;

2 3
Condone
for 3
2
1 0
BA =
0 1
B3,2,1
Deduct one for each error;

SC B2,1 for AB
M1A1
M1 for rotation
M1A1
M1 for reflection
B2F
M1A1F
(2)
1/2 for reflection in y-axis

ft (M1A1) only for the SC
M1A0 if in wrong order
or if order not made clear
(ii) Reflection in y = ( tan15" ) x

(iii) Reflection in x-axis
Alt: Answer to (i)
followed by answer to (ii)
11
Total
+ = 2, = 3
B1B1
(b) Use of expansion of ( + )
m1A1
4 + 4 given in terms of
+ , and/or 2 + 2
M1A1
7
2
A1
4 + 4 =
M1
2 + 2 = ( 2 ) 2 = 1
2
(c)
3 0
A+B=
1 0
(b)(i) Rotation 30 anticlockwise (abt O)
3(a)
with attempt to evaluate

10
Total
2(a)(i)
Comments
M1 for one correct root or two correct
factors
Total
M1A0 if num error made
convincingly shown (AG);

m1A0 if + = 2 used
OE
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
4(a) lg y = lg a + b lg x
Marks
M1A1
(b) Use of above result

a = 10
Total
2
Comments
M1 for use of one log law
M1
A1
OE; PI by answer 1
2
b = gradient
m1
= 1
2
A1
B1 3
6
3
Total
5(a) Asymptotes y = 0, x = 1, x = 1
(b) Three branches approaching two vertical
asymptotes
B1
Asymptotes not necessarily drawn
Middle branch passing through O

Curve approaching y = 0 as x
All correct
B1
B1
B1
with no stationary points

4
with asymptotes shown and curve

approaching all asymptotes correctly
M1A1
M1 if one part correct

or consistent with c's graph
B1
10
1
(c) Critical values x = 1, 0 and 1
B1
Solution set 1 < x < 0, x > 1
Total
6(a)(i)
(ii)
( 2r 1)
= 4r 4r + 1
( 2r 1)
= 4 r 2 4 r + 1
M1
4
4
= n 3 n + 1
3
3
1
=
n
m1A1
B1
A1
Result convincingly shown
(b) Sum = f (100) f (50)
M1A1
= 1166 650
A2
Total
AG
M1 for 100 1 and 50 1
4
10
SC f(100) f(51) = 1 156 449: 3/4
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
7(a) Particular solution, eg or 5
6
6
Marks
B1
M1
x = + n
6
A1F
B1
B1
either value AWRT 0.5427

both values correct to 4DP
M1A1
M1A0 if num error made
A1F
AWRT 0.866; ft num error
(b)(i) f (0.05) 0.542 66

g (0.05) 0.542 68
g (h) g (0)
3 1
=
h
h
2 4
(iii) As h 0 this gives g' (0) = 3

2
Total
8(a)
Comments
Degrees or decimals penalised in 3rd
mark only
Introduction of n or 2n
GS
(ii)
Total
OE(accept unsimplified);
ft incorrect first solution
y2
x = 10 4
=1
9
y 2 = 27
M1
A1
A1
y = 3 3
PI
3
(b) One branch generally correct

Both branches correct
Intersections at ( 5, 0)
B1
B1
B1
(c) Required tangent is x = 5
B1F
ft wrong value in (b)
(d)(i) y correctly eliminated

Fractions correctly cleared
16 x 2 200 x + 625 = 0
M1
m1
A1
(ii)
Asymptotes not needed

With implied asymptotes
B1
x = 25
4
Equal roots tangency
E1
Total
TOTAL
2
12
75
No need to mention repeated root,

but B0 if other values given as well
Accept 'It's a tangent'

Question 1:
a )i ) x 2 + 16 =
0
x 2 = 16
x = 4i or x = 4i
ii ) x 2 2 x + 17 =0
Discriminant: ( 2) 2 4 117 =64 =(8i ) 2

2 + 8i
=
The roots are x1 =
1 + 4i or x2 =
1 4i
2
b) i ) (1 + x)3 =
1 + 3x + 3x 2 + x3
ii ) (1 + i )3 = 1 + 3i 3 i = 2 + 2i
iii ) Let's work out (1 + i )3 + 2(1 + i ) 4i
=2 + 2i + 2(1 + i ) 4i
=
2 + 2i + 2 + 2i 4i = 0
This opening question gave almost all

the candidates the opportunity to score
a high number of marks. Even when
careless errors were made, for example
the omission of the plus-or-minus
symbol in one or both sections of part
(a), there was much correct work for
the examiners to reward. The
expansion of the cube of a binomial
expression in part (b)(i) seemed to be
tackled more confidently than in the
past. Almost all the candidates used
i 2 = 1 in part (b)(ii), though some
were unsure how to deal with i 3 .
x =1 + i is a solution to the equation x3 + 2 x 4i =0

Question 2:
3
2
a) i) A
=
1
1

2
=
+B
3
3
1
2
2 3 0
=
1
3 1 0
2
2
1 0
ii ) BA =
0 1
Cos30o Sin30o
b)i ) A =
A represents the rotation centre O, 30o anticlockwise
o
o
30
30
Sin
Cos
o
o
Cos30
Sin30
ii ) B =
B represents the reflection in the line y = (tan15o ) x
o
o
30
30
Sin
Cos
1 0
line y 0 (in the x axis )
iii ) BA =
BA represents the reflection in the
=
0 1
Question 3:
2x2 + 4x + 3 =
0 has roots and
3
4
a) + = =
and =
2
2
2
b) 2 + 2 =( + ) 2 2 =(2) 2 2
3
=4 3 = 1
2
2
18
7
3
( + ) 2 =
1 2 =
1
c) + =
=
4
2
2
4
2 2
Like Question 1, this question was very

productive for the majority of
candidates, who showed a good grasp
of matrices and transformations. A
strange error in part (a)(i) was a failure
to simplify the expression 2 3 , though
2
on this occasion the error was

condoned. The most common mistake
in part (a)(ii) was to multiply the two
matrices the wrong way round. Only
one mark was lost by this as long as the
candidate made no other errors and
was able to interpret the resulting
product matrix as a transformation in
part (b)(iii). Occasionally a candidate
misinterpreted the 2 occurring in the
formula booklet for reflections, and
gave the mirror line as y=x tan 60
instead of y=x tan15.
It was pleasing to note that almost all

candidates were aware that the sum of
the roots was 2 and not +2, and that
they were able to tackle the sum of the
squares of the roots correctly in part
(b). Part (c) was not so well answered.
Relatively few candidates saw the short
method based on the use of
( 2 + 2 ) 2 . Of those who used the
expansion of ( + ) 4 , many found
the correct expansion but still had
difficulty arranging the terms so that
the appropriate substitutions could
be made.
Question 4:
a) y
Part (a) of this question was well

answered, most candidates being
familiar with the equation y = ax b and
b
=
ax
so
log10 y log10 (ax b )
=
log
log10 a + b log10 x
10 y
=
log10 y b log10 x + log10 a
=
Y bX + c
b) When=
so =
log10 x 0,=
log10 y 1
log10 a 1
When=
log10 x 2,=
log10 y 0
so 0 = 2b + 1
a = 10
b=
1
2
the technique needed to convert it into

linear form. Some candidates seemed
less happy with part (b), but most
managed to show enough knowledge to
score well here. Errors often arose from
confusion between the intercept 1 on
the vertical axis and the corresponding
value of y, which required the taking of
an antilogarithm.
Question 5:
x
x
=
2
x 1 ( x 1)( x + 1)
" vertical asymptotes " x = 1 and x = 1
(roots of the denominator)
1
x 2
y
y = 0 is asymptote to the curve.
=
0
x
1
1 2
x
b)
a) y
=
x
>0
x 1
x
0=
for x 0
=
2
x 1
By plotting the line y = 0 on the graph, the we conclude that
c)
x
> 0 when 1 < x < 0 or x > 1
x 1
2
Most candidates scored well here,

picking up marks in all three parts of
the question. Those who failed to
obtain full marks in part (a) were
usually candidates who gave y =1
instead of y = 0 as the equation of the
horizontal asymptote. The sketch was
usually reasonable but some candidates
showed a stationary point, usually at or
near the origin, despite the helpful
information given in the question.
There were many correct attempts at
solving the inequality in part (c), though
some answers bore no relation to the
candidates graph.
Question 6:
a )i ) (2r 1) 2 = 4r 2 4r + 1
n
ii ) (2r =
1) 2
=r 1
+ 1 4 r 2 4 r + 1
4r 2 4r=
=r 1
=r 1
=r 1 =r 1
1
1
= 4 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 4 n(n + 1) + n
6
2
1
= n [ 2(n + 1)(2n + 1) 6(n + 1) + 3]
3
1
= n 4n 2 + 6n + 2 6n 6 + 3
3
1
= n(4n 2 1)
3
100
50
1
1
b) =
S (2r 1) 2 (2r 1) 2 = 100 (4 1002 1) 50 (4 502 1)
3
3
=r 1 =r 1
= 1333300 166650 = 1166650
The simple request in part (a)(i) seemed

to have the desired effect of setting the
candidates along the right road in part
(a)(ii). As usual many candidates
struggled with the algebra but made
reasonable progress. They could not
hope to reach the printed answer
legitimately if they equated 1 to 1
rather than to n. Very few, even among
the strongest candidates, achieved
anything worthwhile in part (b), most
using n = 200 instead of n =100 at the
top end. No credit was given for simply
writing down the correct answer
without any working, as the question
required the candidates to use the
formula previously established rather
than summing the numbers directly on
a calculator.
Question 7:
a ) Sin x + =
0
6
x+
x=
=0 + k
+ k
1
3
1
0.05 (0.05) 2
b) i ) g (0.05) = +
2 2
4
0.542676 = 0.5427 rounded to 4 decimal places
f (0.05) 0.5426583604 = 0.5427 rounded to 4 decimal places
ii ) The gradient is
1
g (h) g (0) 1 1
3
1
= +
h h 2
2
h2 2
h0
4
1 3
1
3 1
=
h h 2 = h
h 2
4 2 4
g (h) g (0)
=
h0
3
g '(0) =
2
iii ) When h tends to 0,

so
3 1
3
h tends to
2 4
2
The trigonometric equation in part (a)

was more straightforward than usual
and was correctly and concisely
answered by a good number of
candidates. Some earned two marks by
finding a correct particular solution and
introducing a term n (or 2n ), but a
common mistake was to
use the formula n+(-1)n with
equated to the particular solution
rather than to 0.
Part (b)(i) was usually answered
adequately. The best candidates gave
more than four decimal places, showing
that the two numbers were different,
before rounding them both to four
decimal places. The examiners on this
occasion tolerated a more casual
approach. There was an encouraging
response to the differentiation from
first principles called for in parts (b)(ii)
and (b)(iii). No credit could be given in
part (b)(iii) to those who simply wrote
down the answer, as by doing so they
were not showing any knowledge of the
required technique. Strictly speaking
the candidates should have used the
phrase as h tends to zero or as h 0,
but the examiners allowed the mark for
when h equals zero or the equating of
h to 0, even though zero is the one
value of h for which the chord referred
to in part (b)(ii) does not exist.
Question 8:
x2 y 2
=
a)
1
25 9
100 y 2
=
1
25 9
=
when x 10
y2
= 3
9
=
y 2 27
y = 27
y = 3 3 or y = 3 3
b) When x = 0, y = 3
When y = 0, x = 5
Part (a) of this question was generally

well answered apart from the omission
of the plus-or-minus symbol by a
sizeable minority of candidates. The
wording of the question should have
made it very clear that there would be
more than one point of intersection.
In part (b) many candidates sketched an
ellipse instead of a hyperbola. Those
who realised that it should be a
hyperbola often lost a mark by showing
too much curvature in the parts where
the curve should be approaching its
asymptotes.
Most candidates gave an appropriate
answer (in the light of their graph) to
part (c). No credit was given here to
those who had drawn an incorrect
curve, such as an ellipse, which just
happened to have a vertical tangent at
its intersection with the positive x-axis.
c) C intersects the positive x-axis at the point (5,0)

so the tangent has equation x = 5
d ) i ) If y= x 4intersects the curve,
then the x-coordinate of the point(s) of intersection
satisfies the following equation:
x 2 ( x 4) 2
=
1
(225)
25
9
9 x 2 25( x 4) 2 =
225
9 x 2 25 x 2 + 200 x 400 =
225
16 x 2 + 200 x 625 =
0
16 x 2 200 x + 625 =
0
ii ) Discriminant: ( 200) 2 4 625 16 = 0

200 25
9
=
and=
y
4
32
4
This is a repeated root, so the line is TANGENT to the curve.
=
x
Grade boundaries
It was good to see that, no doubt

helped by the printed answer, the
majority of candidates
coped successfully with the clearing of
fractions needed in part (d)(i). Some
candidates
seemed to ignore the instruction to
solve the equation in part (d)(ii) and
went straight on to the
statement that the line must be a
tangent to the curve. Others mentioned
the equal roots of the
equation but failed to mention any
relationship between the line and the
curve.

June 2007
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
Wednesday 20 June 2007
MFP1
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm

*
*
*
an insert for use in Questions 5 and 9 (enclosed).

Instructions
*
*
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
*
P93925/Jun07/MFP1 6/6/6/
MFP1

2 1
1 2
A
, B
3 8
3 4
The matrix M A 2B .
0
(a) Show that M n
1

1
, where n is a positive integer.
0
(2 marks)
(b) The matrix M represents a combination of an enlargement of scale factor p and a

reflection in a line L . State the value of p and write down the equation of L .
(2 marks)
(c) Show that
M2 qI
where q is an integer and I is the 2 2 identity matrix.
(2 marks)
(a) Show that the equation

x3 x 7 0
has a root between 1.6 and 1.8.
(3 marks)
(b) Use interval bisection twice, starting with the interval in part (a), to give this root to
one decimal place.
(4 marks)
3 It is given that z x iy , where x and y are real numbers.

(a) Find, in terms of x and y , the real and imaginary parts of
z 3iz
where z is the complex conjugate of z .
(3 marks)
(b) Find the complex number z such that

z 3iz 16
P93925/Jun07/MFP1
(3 marks)

2x 2 x 4 0
has roots a and b .
(b) Show that
(2 marks)
1 1 1
.
a b 4
(2 marks)
(c) Find a quadratic equation with integer coefficients such that the roots of the equation
are
4
4
and
a
b
(3 marks)
The variables x and y are known to be related by an equation of the form
y abx
The following approximate values of x and y have been found.
x
3.84
6.14
9.82
15.7
(a) Complete the table in Figure 1, showing values of x and Y , where Y log10 y .
Give each value of Y to three decimal places.
(2 marks)
(b) Show that, if y abx , then x and Y must satisfy an equation of the form
Y mx c
(3 marks)
(c) Draw on Figure 2 a linear graph relating x and Y .
(2 marks)
(d) Hence find estimates for the values of a and b .
(4 marks)
P93925/Jun07/MFP1
Turn over
6 Find the general solution of the equation

p

p
3
sin 2x
2
2
giving your answer in terms of p .
(6 marks)

y
3x 1
x2
(a) Write down the equations of the two asymptotes to the curve.
(2 marks)
(b) Sketch the curve, indicating the coordinates of the points where the curve intersects the
coordinate axes.
(5 marks)
(c) Hence, or otherwise, solve the inequality
0<
3x 1
<3
x2
(2 marks)
8 For each of the following improper integrals, find the value of the integral or explain briefly
why it does not have a value:
1
(a)
x 3 x
13
dx ;
(4 marks)
dx .
(4 marks)
1
(b)
13
x3 x
x
0
P93925/Jun07/MFP1
9 [Figure 3, printed on the insert, is provided for use in this question.]

The diagram shows the curve with equation
x2
y2 1
2
and the straight line with equation
xy2
(a) Write down the exact coordinates of the points where the curve with equation
x2
y 2 1 intersects the coordinate axes.
(2 marks)
2
(b) The curve is translated k units in the positive x direction, where k is a constant. Write
down, in terms of k , the equation of the curve after this translation.
(2 marks)
(c) Show that, if the line x y 2 intersects the translated curve, the x-coordinates of the
points of intersection must satisfy the equation
3x 2 2k 4x k 2 6 0
(4 marks)
(d) Hence find the two values of k for which the line x y 2 is a tangent to the
p
translated curve. Give your answer in the form p q , where p and q are integers.
(4 marks)
(e) On Figure 3, show the translated curves corresponding to these two values of k .
(3 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
P93925/Jun07/MFP1
Surname
Other Names
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Candidate Signature

June 2007
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
MFP1
Insert
Insert for use in Questions 5 and 9.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Fasten this insert securely to your answer book.
Turn over for Figure 1
P93925/Jun07/MFP1 6/6/6/
Turn over
Figure 1 (for use in Question 5)

x
0.584

Y~
P93925/Jun07/MFP1
MFP1 - AQA GCE Mark Scheme 2007 June series
MFP1
Q
Solution
1(a)
0 3
M=
3 0
(b) p = 3
(c)
Mark
Total
B2,1
B1
9 0
M2 =
0 9
... = 9I
B1F
B1F
Total
2(a) f(1.6) = 1.304, f(1.8) = 0.632

Sign change, so root between
B1,B1
E1
(b) f(1.7) considered first

f(1.7) = 0.387, so root > 1.7
f(1.75) = 0.109375, so root 1.7
M1
A1
m1A1
Total
2
6
Allow 1 dp throughout
4
7
3
(b) x 3y = 16, 3x + y = 0
Elimination of x or y
z = 2 6i
M1
m1
A1F
(b)
B1B1
1 +
=
M1
m1 for f(1.65) after error

Condone sign error here
Condone inclusion of i in I
Allow if correct in (b)
Accept x = 2, y = 6;
ft x + 3y for x 3y
1
+ = , =2
2
ft as before
M1
m1
A1
4(a)
Allow p = 3, L is y = x
Or by geometrical reasoning; ft as before
3(a) Use of z* = x iy
z 3iz* = x + iy 3ix 3y
R = x 3y, I = 3x + y
Total
B1 if subtracted the wrong way round

ft after B1 in (a)
B1F
L is y = x
Comments
1
... = 2 =
2 4
A1
(c) Sum of roots = 1
B1F
PI by term x; ft error(s) in (a)
B1F
ft wrong value of
Product of roots =
16
=8
Equation is x2 x + 8 = 0
B1F
Total
3
7
Convincingly shown (AG)
ft wrong sum/product; = 0 needed
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
5(a) Values 0.788, 0.992, 1.196 in table
(b) lg ab x = lg a + lg bx
lg bx = x lg b
So Y = (lg b) x + lg a
Mark
B2,1
Total
2
M1
M1
A1
Comments
B1 if one correct (or if wrong number of
dp given)
Allow NMS
(c)
B1F
B1F
(d) a = antilog of y-intercept

b = antilog of gradient
M1A1
M1A1
Total
6 One value of 2 x is
2
3
2
Another value is =
3 3
Introduction of 2n or n
General solution for x
5
7
+ n or x =
+ n
GS x =
12
12
Four points plotted; ft wrong values in (a)

2
4
11
Good straight line drawn; ft incorrect

points
Accept 2.23 to 2.52

Accept 1.58 to 1.62
B1
OE (PI); degrees/decimals penalised in

6th mark only
B1F
OE (PI); ft wrong first value
M1
m1
A2,1
B1,B1
6
2
Total
7(a) Asymptotes x = 2, y = 3
OE; A1 if one part correct
(b)
Curve approaching asymptotes
B1
1
1
Passing through , 0 and 0,

2
3
B1,B1
(c) Solution set is x >
1
3
B1,B1
Both branches generally correct

B1 if two branches shown
B2,1F
B1 for good attempt;

ft wrong point of intersection
Total
MFP1 (cont)
Q
8(a)
Solution
Marks
3
3
dx = x + x (+ c)
4
2
1
9
3 3
0 ... = 4 + 2 0 = 4
1
3
+x
4
3
2
3
Totals
M1A1
m1A1
Comments
M1 for adding 1 to index at least once

4
Condone no mention of limiting process;

m1 if 0 stated or implied
(b) Second term is x 3

Integral of this is 3 x
1
3
B1
1
3
M1A1
M1 for correct index
E1
4
8
B1B1
Allow B1 for
M1A1
M1 if only one small error, eg x + k

for x k
(c) Correct elimination of y

Correct expansion of squares
Correct removal of denominator
Answer convincingly established
M1
M1
M1
A1
AG
(d) Tgt 4(k + 4) 2 12(k 2 + 6) = 0
M1
as x 0 , so no value
Total
9(a) Intersections 2, 0 , (0, 1)
(b) Equation is
(x k)2
+ y2 = 1
2
... k 4k + 1 = 0
... k = 2 3
2
m1A1
A1
2, 0 , (0, 1)
OE
4
(e)
B1
B2
Curve to left of line

3
Curve to right of line

Curves must touch the line in approx
correct positions
SC 1/3 if both curves are incomplete but
touch the line correctly
Total
TOTAL
15
75

Question 1:
2
a ) M =A 2 B =
3
0
b) The matrix
1
1 2 4 0 3
0 1
=
=3
8 6 8 3 0
1 0
1
is the reflexion in the line y = x
0
n=3
The scale factor of the enlargement is p = 3

1 0
c) M 2 = 9
= 9I
0 1
q=9
This question was generally well

answered. The most common errors
were in part (b), where the mirror line
was given as y = x rather than y = x. It
was, however, acceptable to give this
reflection in conjunction with an
enlargement with scale factor 3.
In part (c) some candidates omitted the
factor 3 before carrying out the matrix
multiplication, while others multiplied
incorrectly to obtain the 9s and 0s in all
the wrong places.
Question 2:
a) x3 + x 7 = 0
Let ' s call f ( x) = x 3 + x 7
1.304 < 0
f (1.6) =
f=
(1.8) 0.632 > 0
According to the "sign change" rule, we can say that there is at least one
solution of the equation f ( x) = 0 between 1.6 and 1.8
b) Let ' s work out f (1.7)
0.387 < 0
f (1.7) =
the solution is between 1.7 and 1.8
Let ' s work out f (1.75)
=
f (1.75) 0.109375 > 0
The solution is between 1.70 and 1.75
This is 1.7 rounded to 1 decimal place
Question 3:
z= x + iy
a ) z 3iz* = x + iy 3i ( x iy ) = x + iy 3ix 3 y
Re( z 3iz*) =
x 3y
Im( z 3iz*) =
3 x + y
b) z 3iz* =
16
means
=
x 3 y 16
x+ y 0
3=
This gives 8 x =
16 x =
2 and y =
6
The solution is z =2 6i
=
x 3 y 16
+ 3y 0
9 x=
Almost all the candidates were able to

make a good start to this question,
though some were unable to draw a
proper conclusion in part (a). In part (b)
the response was again very good.
The most common error was not
understanding what exactly was being
asked for at the end of the question. If
it is known that the root lies between
1.7 and 1.75, then it must be 1.7 to one
decimal place. But many candidates
gave no value to one decimal place, or
gave a value of the function (usually
0.1) rather than a value of x.
Although most of the candidates who

took this paper are good at algebra,
there are still quite a number who
made elementary sign errors. The
fourth term of the expansion in part (a)
frequently came out with a plus instead
of a minus. The error of including an i
in the imaginary part was condoned.
In part (b) some candidates seemed not
to realise that they needed to equate
real and imaginary parts, despite the
hint in part (a). Others used 16 for both
the real and imaginary parts of the
right-hand side of the equation. But a
large number solved correctly to obtain
full marks. Those who had made the
sign error already referred to were
given full marks in part (b) if their work
was otherwise faultless.
Question 4:
has roots and

2x2 x + 4 =
0
1
4
a) + =
and = = 2
2
2
1
1 1 + 2 1
b) + =
= =

2 4
4
4
c) Let's
and v
=
call u =
we have u + v =
uv =
Most candidates answered this

question very well. Only a small number
of candidates gave the wrong sign for
the sum of the roots at the beginning of
the question. Rather more made the
equivalent mistake at the end of the
question, giving the x term with the
wrong sign. Another common mistake
at the end of the question was to omit
the equals zero, so that the equation
asked for was not given as an equation
at all.
+
4
= 4(
16
u
=
An equation with roots
) = 4
16
=8
2
and
v
=
1
=1
4
is x 2 1=
x +8 0
x2 x + 8 =
0
Question 5:
x
1
Y
0.584
b) y
2
0.788
3
0.992
The great majority of candidates gave

the correct values to three decimal
places in part (a).
Most of them coped efficiently with the
logarithmic manipulation in part (b),
but occasionally a candidate would
treat the expression ab x as if it were
(ab) x , resulting in a loss of at least four
4
1.196
x
log10 y log10 (ab x )
ab
so
=
log
log10 a + x log10 b
=
10 y
Y mx =
with m log
and c log10 a
=
+c
=
10 b
c)
d ) When x= 0, Y= c= log10 a= 0.35

a 100.35 2.24
=
1.196 0.584
log10 b gradien
t
=
=
= 0.204
4 1
b 100.204 1.6
=
Question 6:

Sin 2 x =
= Sin
2 2
3
so
2x
or 2 x
+ k 2
+ k 2
5
+ k 2
6
7
2 x = + k 2
6
2x =
5
+ k
12
7
x
+ k
=
12
x
=
marks, as it was now impossible to

distinguish validly between a and b.
The plotting of the points on the graph
was usually well done, but some
candidates misread the vertical scale
here, and again in part (d) when they
attempted to read off the intercept on
the Y-axis. Some candidates failed to
use this intercept, resorting instead to
more indirect methods of finding a
value for log a. Methods for finding the
gradient of the linear graph were
equally clumsy. Some candidates, even
after obtaining a correct equation in
part (b), did not realise that the taking
of antilogs was needed in part (d).
As in past MFP1 papers, the question on

trigonometric equations was not as well
answered as most of the other questions. The
use of radians presented a difficulty to many
candidates, who seemed to have met the
idea but not to have become really familiar
with it. Most candidates knew that for a
general solution it was necessary to
introduce a term 2n or something similar
somewhere in the solution. Many, however,
brought in this term at an inappropriate
stage. Some had learnt by heart a formula for
the general solution of the equation sin x =
sin a , but applied it incorrectly. Many
candidates earned 4 marks out of 6 for
working correctly from one particular
solution to the corresponding general
solution, but omitting the other particular
solution or finding it incorrectly.
Question 7:
3x 1
x+2
a ) " vertical asymptote " x = 2
1
3
x
=
y
3
2 x
1+
x
1
b) When x = 0, y =
2
1
=
y 0=
when x
3
y=
y = 3 is asymptote to the curve
Many candidates scored well on parts

(a) and (b) of this question, but
relatively few candidates made a good
attempt at part (c). In part (a) the
asymptotes were usually found
correctly, as were the coordinates of
the required points of intersection in
part (b). The graph in part (b) was
usually recognisable as a hyperbola, or
at least as one branch of a hyperbola,
the other branch not being seen. In part
(c) many candidates resorted to
algebraic methods for solving
inequalities rather than simply reading
off the solution set from the graph.
These algebraic methods, more often
than not, were spurious.
3x 1
1
=
=
c)
for x
and y 3 is an asymptote.
0=
x+2
3
3x 1
1
< 3 for x >
So, 0 <
x+2
3
Question 8:
1
3 34 3 23
x + x +c
4
2
This function is defined between 0 and 1
a ) x 3 + x 3 dx =
3 43 3 23
9
3 3
0 x + x dx = 4 x + 2 x = 4 + 2 0 = 4
0
1
b)
1
3
1
3
1
3
x +x
x
1
3
dx = x
2
3
+ x 3 dx =3 x 3 3 x
1
3
1
3
+c
is not defined for x = 0. no value
This question proved to be very largely a test

of integration. Many candidates answered
part (a) without any apparent awareness of a
limiting process, but full marks were awarded
if the answer was correct. The positive
indices meant that the powers of x would
tend to zero as x itself tended to zero. In part
(b) a slightly more difficult integration led to
one term having a negative index. Three
marks were awarded for the integration, but
for the final mark it was necessary to give
some indication as to which term tended to
infinity. Many candidates did not gain this
last mark, but it was sad to see how many did
not gain any marks at all in part (b). This was
usually for one of two reasons. Either they
failed to simplify the integrand and carried
out a totally invalid process of integration, or
they saw that the denominator x of the
integrand would become zero and said that
this made the integral improper and
therefore incapable of having any value.
Since it was stated in the question that both
integrals were improper, this comment failed
to attract any sympathy from the examiners.
Question 9:
x2
=
Ellipse :
+ y 2 1 and=
straight line x + y 2
2
a ) When x = 0, y 2 = 1
y = 1
when
=
y 0,=
x2 2
x= 2
The curve intersects the axes at (0,1), (0,-1), (- 2, 0), ( 2, 0)

( x k )2
+ y2 = 1
2
c) x + y = 2 so y = 2 x.
The x-coordinate of the point(s) of intersection satisfy:
b)
( x k )2
+ (2 x) 2 =
1
2
( x k ) 2 + 2(2 x) 2 =
2
x 2 2 xk + k 2 + 8 8 x + 2 x 2 =
2
3 x 2 2(k + 4) x + k 2 + 6 =
0
d ) The line is tangent to the curve when
this equation has a repeated root, meaning
the discriminant is 0
( 2k 8)
4 3 (k 2 + 6) =
0
4k 2 + 32k + 64 12k 2 72 =
0
8k 2 + 32k 8 = 0
k 2 4k + 1 =
0
Using the quadratic formula, we have k = 2 3
e)
Grade boundaries
This final question presented a varied

challenge, mostly focused on the
algebraic skills needed to cope with the
quadratic equation printed in part (c) of
the question deriving this equation
from two other equations and then
using the discriminant of the equation
to find the cases where the ellipse
would touch the line. Many candidates
were well prepared for this type of
question and scored heavily, though
with occasional errors and omissions.
Part (e) of the question was often not
attempted at all, or the attempts were
totally incorrect, involving
transformations other than translations
parallel to the x-axis. In some cases only
one of the two possible cases was
illustrated, usually the one where the
ellipse touched the straight
line on the lower left side of the line,
but an impressive minority of scripts
ended with an accurate portrayal of
both cases.

January 2008
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
MFP1
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm

*
*
*
an insert for use in Question 7 (enclosed).

Instructions
*
*
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
*
P97511/Jan08/MFP1 6/6/6/
MFP1
1 It is given that z1 2 i and that z1 * is the complex conjugate of z1 .

Find the real numbers x and y such that
x 3iy z1 4iz1 *
(4 marks)
2 A curve satisfies the differential equation

dy
2x
dx
Starting at the point (1, 4) on the curve, use a step-by-step method with a step length of 0.01
to estimate the value of y at x 1:02 . Give your answer to six significant figures. (5 marks)

p
tan 4 x
1
8
(5 marks)
(a) Find
n
X
r 3 6r
r1
expressing your answer in the form

knn 1n pn q
where k is a fraction and p and q are integers.
(5 marks)
(b) It is given that

S
1X
000
r 3 6r
r1
Without calculating the value of S, show that S is a multiple of 2008.
P97511/Jan08/MFP1
(2 marks)
5 The diagram shows the hyperbola

x2
y2 1
4
and its asymptotes.
y
A
O
B
(a) Write down the equations of the two asymptotes.
(2 marks)
(b) The points on the hyperbola for which x 4 are denoted by A and B .
Find, in surd form, the y-coordinates of A and B .
(2 marks)
(c) The hyperbola and its asymptotes are translated by two units in the positive y direction.
Write down:
(i) the y-coordinates of the image points of A and B under this translation;
(1 mark)
(ii) the equations of the hyperbola and the asymptotes after the translation. (3 marks)
P97511/Jan08/MFP1
Turn over
6 The matrix M is defined by

M
(a)
" p
3
3
p
3
(i) Show that

M 2 pI
where p is an integer and I is the 2 2 identity matrix.
(3 marks)
(ii) Show that the matrix M can be written in the form

cos 60
q
sin 60
sin 60
cos 60
where q is a real number. Give the value of q in surd form.
(3 marks)
(b) The matrix M represents a combination of an enlargement and a reflection.

Find:
(i) the scale factor of the enlargement;
(1 mark)
(ii) the equation of the mirror line of the reflection.
(1 mark)
(c) Describe fully the geometrical transformation represented by M 4 .
P97511/Jan08/MFP1
(2 marks)

The diagram shows the curve
y x3 x 1
The points A and B on the curve have x-coordinates 1 and 1 h respectively.
y
B
A
1
(a)
(i) Show that the y-coordinate of the point B is

1 2h 3h 2 h 3
(3 marks)
(ii) Find the gradient of the chord AB in the form

p qh rh 2
where p, q and r are integers.
(3 marks)
(iii) Explain how your answer to part (a)(ii) can be used to find the gradient of the
tangent to the curve at A. State the value of this gradient.
(2 marks)
(b) The equation x 3 x 1 0 has one real root, a .
(i) Taking x1 1 as a first approximation to a , use the Newton-Raphson method
(2 marks)
to find a second approximation, x2 , to a .
(ii) On Figure 1, draw a straight line to illustrate the Newton-Raphson method as

used in part (b)(i). Show the points x2 , 0 and a , 0 on your diagram.
(2 marks)
Turn over
P97511/Jan08/MFP1
(a)
(i) It is given that a and b are the roots of the equation

x 2 2x 4 0
Without solving this equation, show that a 3 and b 3 are the roots of the equation
x 2 16x 64 0
(6 marks)
(ii) State, giving a reason, whether the roots of the equation

x 2 16x 64 0
are real and equal, real and distinct, or non-real.
(2 marks)
(b) Solve the equation

x 2 2x 4 0
(2 marks)
(c) Use your answers to parts (a) and (b) to show that
p
p
1 i 33 1 i 33
(2 marks)

y
2
xx 4
(a) Write down the equations of the three asymptotes of C.
(3 marks)
(b) The curve C has one stationary point. By considering an appropriate quadratic
equation, find the coordinates of this stationary point.
(No credit will be given for solutions based on differentiation.)
(c) Sketch the curve C.
(3 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
P97511/Jan08/MFP1
(6 marks)
Surname
Other Names
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Candidate Signature

January 2008
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
MFP1
Insert
Insert for use in Question 7.
P97511/Jan08/MFP1 6/6/6/
Turn over
P97511/Jan08/MFP1
MFP1
Q
Solution
z
+
4i
z
*
=
(2
+
i) + 4i (2 i)
1 1
1
... = (2 + i) + (8i + 4)
... = 6 + 9i, so x = 6 and y = 3
2 0.01(21) added to value of y
So y(1.01) 4.02
Second increment is 0.01(21.01)
... 0.020 139
So y(1.02) 4.040 14
Marks
M1
M1
M1A1
Total
M1
A1
m1
A1
A1
Total
Use of formula for
r or r
M1
m1
m1
A1
Total
1
4
(b) n = 1000 substituted into expression

Conclusion convincingly shown
1000
is even, hence conclusion
Need
4
Total
1
5(a) Asymptotes are y = 2 x
(b) x = 4 substituted into equation
y2 = 3 so y = 3
(c)(i) y-coords are 2 3
2
x
( y 2) 2 = 1
4
Asymptotes are y = 2 12 x
(ii)
5
5
Degrees or decimals penalised in last

mark only
or kn at any stage
OE
OE
A1F
m1
A1
clearly shown
ditto
5
2
M1A1
M1
A1
OE; M1 for y = mx
Allow NMS
B1F
ft wrong answer to (b)
M1A0 if y + 2 used
M1A1
B1F
12 0
M2 =
0 12
= 12I
3
8
A1F
ft provided of right form

OE SC q = 2 3 NMS 1/3
surd for sin 60 needed
M1A1
Other entries verified
E1
(b)(i) SF = q = 2 3
(ii) Equation is y = x tan 30
(c) M4 =144I
M4 gives enlargement SF 144
B1F
B1
B1F
B1F
1
1
Total
ft wrong gradients in (a)

M1 if zeroes appear in the right places
M1A1
q cos 60 = 12 q = 3 q = 2 3
ft wrong value for k

The factor 1004, or 1000 + 4, seen
not 2008 124749625
OE
Total
6(a)(i)
Variations possible here

PI
m1
m1
A1
n(n + 1)(n + 4)(n 3)
(ii) Hyperbola is
Comments
Use of conjugate
Use of i2 = 1
M1 for equating Real and imaginary parts
M1
n is a factor of the expression

So is (n + 1)
Sn = 14 n(n + 1)(n 2 + n 12)
... =
4
4
B1
3 Use of tan = 1
4
Introduction of n
Division of all terms by 4
Addition of /8
GS x = 3 + n
16 4
4(a)
Totals
2
10
ft wrong value for q

PI; ft wrong value in (a)(i)
ft if cs M4 = kI
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
3
7(a)(i) (1 + h) = 1 + 3h 3h2 + h3
yB = (1 + 3h 3h2 + h3)+1h+1
... = 1 + 2h 3h2 + h3
(ii) Subtraction of 1 and division by h
Gradient of chord = 2 3h + h2
Marks
B1
B1F
B1
M1M1
A1
Totals
(iii) As h 0, gr(chord) gr(tgt) = 2
E1B1F
E0 if h = 0 used;
ft wrong value of p
M1
A1F
M1
A1
ft wrong gradient
2
12
dep't only on the last M1
6
2

or by factorisation
(b)(i)
x2 = 1 12 = 1.5
(ii) Tangent at A drawn

and x2 shown correctly
Total
8(a)(i) + = 2, = 4
3 + 3 = (2)3 3(4)(2) = 16
3 3 = (4)3 = 64, hence result
(ii) Discriminant 0, so roots equal
2 4 16
(b) x =
2
1
... = 1 2 i 12
B1B1
M1A1
M1A1
B1E1
or by completing square
A1
E2
2
12
3
Total
9(a) Asymptotes x = 0, x = 4, y = 0
(b) y = k 2 = kx( x 4)
B1 3
M1
... 0 = kx 2 4kx 2
Discriminant = (4k)2 + 8k
At SP y = 12
A1
m1
A1
... 0 = 12 x 2 + 2 x 2
m1
So x = 2
A1
PI
ft numerical error
M1
(c) , = 1 i 3
and 3 = 3, hence result
(c)
Comments
not just k = 12
6
y
B1
O
B1
B1
Total
TOTAL
12
75
Curve with three branches approaching

vertical asymptotes correctly
Outer branches correct
Middle branch correct

Question 1:
z1 =
z1* =
2+i
2i
The great majority of candidates found

this question a good starter and
obtained full marks without too much
trouble. Careless errors sometimes
caused candidates to miss out on one of
the method marks for the question.
x + 3iy =z1 + 4iz1 *

x + 3iy = 2 + i + 4i (2 i )
x + 3iy =
so x = 6
6 + 9i
y=3
This question provided most candidates

with a further five marks. The most
common error was to carry out three
Euler formula : yn +1 =
yn + hf ( xn ) with f ( x) =
2 x and h =
0.01
iterations instead of only two, which
=
x1 1,=
y1 4 so
would usually cause the loss of only one
mark as long as the working was fully
1
for x2 =1 + 0.01 =1.01,
y2 =4 + 0.01 2 =4.02
shown; though of course the candidate
may well have lost valuable time
1.01
for x3 = 1.002,
y3 = 4.02 + 0.01 2 = 4.04014 correct to 5 sig . fig . carrying out the unwanted calculations.
Question 2:
Question 3:
Tan 4( x ) ==
1 Tan
8
4
=+ k
2 4
3
4=
x
+ k
4
3
x=
+k
16
4
4x
so
As usual in MFP1, many candidates

were not thoroughly prepared for the
task of finding the general solution of a
trigonometric equation. The most
common approach was to find (usually
correctly) one value of x and then to
add a term n to this value. Many
candidates showed only a slight degree
of familiarity with radians, and there
were some cases of serious
misunderstanding of the implied order
of operations in the expression
tan 4 x
8
Question 4:
n
1 2
1
n (n + 1) 2 6 n(n + 1)
4
2
=r 1
=r 1 =r 1
1
=
n(n + 1) [ n(n + 1) 12]
4
1
=
n(n + 1) ( n 2 + n 12 )
4
n
1
r 3 6r =
n(n + 1)(n + 4)(n 3)
4
r =1
1000
1
b) S =
r 3 6r =1000 10011004 997 =
4
r =1
1
= 500 2 10011004 997 = 2008 125 1001 997
4
which is a multiple of 2008.
a ) r 3 6=
r
6=
r
Part (a) As in the previous question,

many candidates were not sufficiently
familiar with the techniques needed to
carry out the necessary manipulation
efficiently. It was noticeable that many
candidates still obtained full marks
despite their failure to spot the quick
method of taking out common factors
at the earliest opportunity. A common
mistake was to omit the numerical
factor 1 , or to replace it with some
4
other number such as 4.

Part (b) Good attempts at this part of
the question were few and far
between. Many candidates made no
attempt at all. Some came to a halt
after replacing n by 1000 in their
answer to part (a). Those who found a
factor 1004 usually went on to try to
explain how this would lead to a
multiple of 2008, but more often than
not their arguments lacked cogency.
Question 5:
1
1
x and y = x
2
2
2
b) when x =
4, 4 y = 1
y2 =
3
a ) Asymptotes : y =
so A(4, 3) and B(4, 3)

c) i ) Image of A: (4, 2 + 3)
Image of B: (4, 2 3)
ii ) Equation of the hyperbola after translation :
x2
( y 2) 2 =
1
4
The oblique asymptotes of a hyperbola

were not always known by the
candidates, though many found the
necessary general equations in the
formula booklet and correctly applied
them to this particular case. Part (b)
was very well answered by almost all
candidates, while part (c) usually
provided some further marks, the most
common error being to use y + 2
instead of y 2 in the equations of the
translated hyperbola and asymptotes.
1
Equations of the asymptotes : y = x + 2
2
Question 6:
3
3
12 0
=
a) i) M
=
M 2 =
p = 12
and
12 I
0 12
3 3
1
3
o
1
2
2 2 3 Cos 60
=
ii ) Cos 60o =
so M 2 3 =
o
2
3
1
Sin60
2
2
q=2 3
b) i ) Scale factor is q = 2 3
ii ) Reflection in the line y = (Tan30o ) x
1
y=
x
3
=
=
c) M 2 12
I so M 4 144 I
This represent an enlargement scale factor 144.
Sin60o
Cos 60o
Part (a)(i) of this question was almost

universally well answered, but part
(a)(ii) led to some very slipshod and
unclear reasoning. In part (b)(i) many
candidates did not appreciate that the
scale factor of the enlargement must be
the same as the value of q obtained in
the previous part. In part (b)(ii) a
common mistake was to use tan 60 in
finding the gradient of the mirror line
instead of halving the angle to obtain
tan 30. Answers to part (c) were
mostly very good, even from candidates
who had been struggling with the
earlier parts of the question.
Question 7:
a ) i ) y =x 3 x + 1
gives
with xB =1 + h
Most candidates performed well in this

question.
yB = (1 + h) (1 + h) + 1
3
=1 + 3h 3h 2 + h3 + 1 h + 1 =1 + 2h 3h 2 + h3
A(1,1) and B (1 + h,1 + 2h 3h 2 + h3 )
ii ) Gradient of AB =
(1 + 2h 3h 2 + h3 ) 1
(1 + h) (1)
2h 3h 2 + h3
= = 2 3h + h 2
h
iii ) The gradient of the tangent is
the limit of the gradient of the chord when h tends to 0
2 3h + h 2
2
h 0
The gradient of the tangent is 2
b) i ) If x1 is an approximation of the root ,
then x2= x1
f ( x1 )
is a better aproximation
f '( x1 )
The responses to part (b) suggested

that most candidates were familiar with
the Newton-Raphson method and were
able to apply it correctly, but that they
lacked an understanding of the
geometry underlying the method, so
that they failed to draw a tangent at the
point A on the insert as required, or
failed to indicate correctly the
relationship between this tangent and
the x-axis.
x1 = 1, f ( x1 ) = f (1) = 1
f '( x)= 3 x 2 1 and f '(1)= 3 1 =2
1
so x2 =1 =1.5
2
ii )
Question 8:
a) i) x 2 2 x + 4 =
0 has roots and
4
2 =
3 + 3 =( + )3 3 ( + )
Part (a)(i) seemed to present a stiff

challenge to their algebraic skill, though
they often came through the challenge
successfully after several lines of
working. Part (a)(ii) again proved
harder than the examiners had
intended, some candidates having to
struggle to evaluate the y-coordinate of
the point A. Again the outcome was
usually successful, though a substantial
minority of candidates used
differentiation of the answer to the
previous part. In part (a)(iii) it was
pleasing to see that a very good
proportion of the candidates correctly
mentioned h tending to zero rather
than being equal to zero, which was
not allowed, though the correct value
of the gradient could be obtained by
this method and one mark was
awarded for this.
3 3 =( )3 =43 =64
= 23 3 4 2 = 16
0
Therefore an equation with roots 3 and 3 is x 2 + 16 x + 64 =
= 256 256 = 0
ii ) Discriminant =162 4 1 64
The roots are real and equal
0
b) x 2 2 x + 4 =
discriminant = (2) 2 4 1 4 = 4 16 = 12 =
(2i 3) 2
2 2i 3
x = 1 i 3
2
c) We can call =
1 + i 3 and =
1 i 3
x=
from the question a )ii ), we know that 3 = 3

meaning (1 + i 3)3 =
(1 i 3)3
This question proved to be an excellent

source of marks for the majority of
candidates, apart from the
discriminating test provided by part (c).
Many candidates seemed to be familiar
with the techniques relating to the
cubes of the roots of a quadratic
equation, though some struggled to
find the correct expression for the sum
of the cubes of the roots, while others
lost marks by not showing enough
evidence in view of the fact that the
required equation was printed on the
question paper.
Parts (a)(ii) and (b) proved
straightforward for most candidates,
but only a few were able to give a clear
explanation in part (c), where many
candidates claimed that the original
roots and must be equal.
Question 9:
2
x( x 4)
a )"Vertical asymptotes
=
" x 0=
and x 4 (roots of the denominator)
y=
2
2
x 2
=
y
=
0
x 2 4 x 1 4 x
x
2
=
b) y
= k
can be re arranged to kx 2 4kx=
2 0
2
x 4x
Discriminant:(4k ) 2 4 k (=
2) 16k 2 + 8=
k 8k (2k + 1)
the line y = k is tangent to the curve when the discriminant is 0
this gives k
0 (impossible, for all x,
2
1
0) or k =
2
x 4x
2
1
1
And for k = , the equation becomes x 2 + 2 x 2 =0
2
2
x2 4 x + 4 =
0
( x 2) 2 = 0
x=2
1
The stationary point has coordinates (2, )
2
c)
Grade boundaries
Most candidates scored well in parts (a)

and (c) of this question. Many wrote
down the equations of the two vertical
asymptotes without any apparent
difficulty, but struggled to find the
horizontal asymptote, although in most
cases they were successful. The sketchgraph in part (c) was usually drawn
correctly.
Part (b) was a standard exercise for the
more able candidates. No credit was
given for asserting that because x = 0
and x = 4 were asymptotes, it followed
that x = 2 must provide a stationary
point. A carefully reasoned argument
based on the symmetry of the function
in the denominator would have earned
credit, but most candidates quite
reasonably preferred to adopt the
standard approach.

June 2008
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
Monday 16 June 2008
MFP1
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm

*
*
*
an insert for use in Questions 4 and 8 (enclosed).

Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
*
*
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
*
P5351/Jun08/MFP1 6/6/
MFP1
1 The equation
x2 x 5 0
has roots a and b .
(2 marks)
(b) Find the value of a 2 b 2 .
(2 marks)
(c) Show that
a b
9
.
b a
5
(2 marks)
(d) Find a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots
a
b
and .
b
a
(2 marks)
2 It is given that z x iy , where x and y are real numbers.

(a) Find, in terms of x and y, the real and imaginary parts of
3iz 2z*
where z* is the complex conjugate of z.
(3 marks)
(b) Find the complex number z such that

3iz 2z* 7 8i
(3 marks)
3 For each of the following improper integrals, find the value of the integral or explain briefly
why it does not have a value:
1
1
p dx ;
(a)
(3 marks)
x
9
1
(b)
1
p dx .
9 x x
P5351/Jun08/MFP1
(4 marks)
The variables x and y are related by an equation of the form
y ax
b
x2

(a) The variables X and Y are defined by X xx 2 , Y yx 2 .
Show that Y aX b .
(2 marks)
(b) The following approximate values of x and y have been found:
0.40
1.43
2.40
3.35
(i) Complete the table in Figure 1, showing values of X and Y .
(2 marks)
(ii) Draw on Figure 2 a linear graph relating X and Y .
(2 marks)
(iii) Estimate the values of a and b.
(3 marks)
(a) Find, in radians, the general solution of the equation

cos
x
2
p
1
p
3
2
(5 marks)
(b) Hence find the smallest positive value of x which satisfies this equation.

0
A
2
(a) Calculate the matrix AB.

2
,
0
2
B
0
0
2
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(b) Show that A2 is of the form kI, where k is an integer and I is the 2 2 identity matrix.
(2 marks)
(c) Show that AB2 6 A2 B2 .
(3 marks)
P5351/Jun08/MFP1
Turn over

y7
1
x1
(a) Define the translation which transforms the curve with equation y
curve C.
(b)
1
onto the
x
(2 marks)
(i) Write down the equations of the two asymptotes of C.
(2 marks)
(ii) Find the coordinates of the points where the curve C intersects the coordinate
axes.
(3 marks)
(c) Sketch the curve C and its two asymptotes.
(3 marks)

The diagram shows two triangles, T1 and T2 .
y
7
6
5
4
3
2
T1
T2
(a) Find the matrix of the stretch which maps T1 to T2 .
(2 marks)
(b) The triangle T2 is reflected in the line y x to give a third triangle, T3 .

On Figure 3, draw the triangle T3 .
(c) Find the matrix of the transformation which maps T1 to T3 .
P5351/Jun08/MFP1
(2 marks)
(3 marks)
9 The diagram shows the parabola y 2 4x and the point A with coordinates (3, 4) .
y
A3, 4
(a) Find an equation of the straight line having gradient m and passing through the point
A(3, 4) .
(2 marks)
(b) Show that, if this straight line intersects the parabola, then the y-coordinates of the
points of intersection satisfy the equation
my 2 4y 16 12m 0
(3 marks)
(c) By considering the discriminant of the equation in part (b), find the equations of the
two tangents to the parabola which pass through A.
(5 marks)
(d) Find the coordinates of the points at which these tangents touch the parabola.
(4 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
P5351/Jun08/MFP1
Surname
Other Names
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Candidate Signature

June 2008
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
MFP1
Insert
Insert for use in Questions 4 and 8.
P5351/Jun08/MFP1 6/6/
Turn over

x
0.40
1.43
2.40
3.35
1.20

Y~
30
20
10
10
20
30
P5351/Jun08/MFP1
10

y
7
6
5
4
3
2
T1
P5351/Jun08/MFP1
T2
MFP1
Q
Solution
1(a) + = 1, = 5
Marks
B1B1
Total
2
(b) 2 + 2 = ( + )2 2
... = 1 10 = 9
M1
A1F
with numbers substituted

ft sign error(s) in (a)
2 + 2
+ =

M1
... = 9
5
A1
AG: A0 if + = 1 used
(c)
(d) Product of new roots is 1

Eqn is 5x2 + 9x + 5 = 0
B1
B1F
Total
Use of i2 = 1
3iz + 2z* = (2x 3y) + i (3x 2y)
M1
M1
A1
(b) Equating R and I parts

2x 3y = 7, 3x 2y = 8
z=2i
M1
m1
A1
Total
3(a)
E1
x
x
x
9
dx = 2 x
A1
Total
(b)(i) X = 8, 15, 24 in table

Y = 5.72, 12, 20.1 in table
PI by constant term 1 or 5
ft wrong value for product
Condone inclusion of i in I part

with attempt to solve
Allow x = 2, y = 1
M1 for correct power in integral

3
M1 for correct power in integral
E1
dx = 2(0 1 ) = 2
3 3
4(a) Multiplication by x + 2
Y = aX + b convincingly shown
3
6
M1A1
(+c)
0 as x
2
M1A1
dx = 2 x 2 ( + c )
x 2 as x , so no value
(b)
2
8
Comments
PI
Allow A1 for correct answer even if not

fully explained
M1
A1
applied to all 3 terms

AG
B1
B1
Allow correct to 2SF
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
Marks
Total
B1F
B1F
Comments
4(b)(ii)
Four points plotted

Reasonable line drawn
(iii) Method for gradient
a = gradient 0.9
b = Y-intercept 1.5
M1
A1
B1F
Total
5(a)
cos = 1 stated or used

4
2
Appropriate use of
Introduction of 2n
Subtraction of and multiplication by 2
3
x = 2 + 4n
3 2
5(b) n = 1 gives min pos x = 17

6
(b)
0 4
AB =
4 0
B1
B1
M1
Degrees or decimals penalised in

5th mark only
OE
OE
m1
All terms multiplied by 2
A1
OE
M1A1
NMS 1/2 provided (a) correct
M1A1
4 0
A2 =
0 4
... = 4I
or algebraic method for a or b

Allow from 0.88 to 0.93 incl
Allow from 2 to 1 inclusive;
ft incorrect points/line
NMS B1 for a, B1 for b
Total
6(a)
ft incorrect values in table

ft incorrect points
B1
(c) (AB)2 = 16I

B2 = 4I
so A2 B2 = 16I (hence result)
B1
B1
B1
B1
Total
PI
Condone absence of conclusion
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
7(a) Curve translated 7 in y direction
... and 1 in negative x direction
(b)(i) Asymptotes x = 1 and y = 7
(ii) Intersections at (0, 8) ...
... and ( 8 , 0)
7
Marks
B1
B1
Total
B1B1
B1
M1A1
Allow AWRT 1.14; NMS 1/2
of correct shape
translation of y = 1/x
in roughly correct positions
Comments
or answer in vector form
(c)
At least one branch

Complete graph
All correct including asymptotes
B1
B1
B1
Total
3 0
0 1
8(a) Matrix is
10
M1A1
M1 if zeros in correct positions; allow

NMS
M1A1
M1A0 if one point wrong
(b)
Third triangle shown correctly
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
0 1
8(c) Matrix of reflection is
1 0
Multiplication of above matrices
Marks
0 1
3 0
Answer is
(b) Elimination of x
4y 16 = m(y2 12)
Hence result
(c) Discriminant equated to zero
(3m 1)(m 1) = 0
Tangents y = x + 1, y = 1 x + 3
3
(d)
Alt: calculating matrix from the

coordinates: M1 A2,1
M1
in correct order
A1F
ft wrong answer to (a); NMS 1/3
M1A1
7
2
OE; M1A0 if one small error
M1
A1
A1
OE (no fractions)
OE; m1 for attempt at solving

OE
M1
m1A1
A1A1
m = 1 y2 4 y + 4 = 0
so point of contact is (1, 2)
m = 1 1 y 2 4 y + 12 = 0
3 3
so point of contact is (9, 6)
Comments
B1
Total
9(a) Equation is y 4 = m(x 3)
Total
M1
A1
M1
A1
Total
TOTAL
OE; m = 1 needed for this

OE; m = 1 needed for this
3
4
14
75

Question 1:
x2 + x + 5 =
0 has roots and
a ) + 1 =
and 5
=
The great majority of candidates

showed a confident grasp of the
algebra needed to deal with
the sum of the squares of the roots of a
quadratic equation, and answered all
parts of this question efficiently. The
only widespread loss of credit came in
the very last part, where many
candidates failed to give integer
coefficients or else found a quadratic
expression but without the necessary
= 0 to make it an equation.
b) 2 + 2 =( + ) 2 2 =(1) 2 2 5 =1 10 = 9
2 + 2 9
=
+
=
5

9

d) + =
and
=
= 1
5

9
and is x 2 + x + 1 = 0
so an equation with roots
c)
5x2 + 9 x + 5 = 0
Question 2:
z= x + iy
a ) 3iz + 2 z* = 3i ( x + iy ) + 2( x iy ) = 3ix 3 y + 2 x 2iy
= (2 x 3 y ) + i (3 x 2 y )
Re(3iz + 2 z*) =
2x 3y
Im(3iz + 2 z*) =
3x 2 y
7
2 x 3 y =
b) 3iz + 2 z* =+
7 8i means
2y 8
3 x =
1 and x =
y=
2
The solution is 2 i
Question 3:
a)
1
=
dx
x
x=
dx 2 x + c
This integral has no value.

b)
x x
5
5 y =
3y 7
2 x =
1
2
2 x
x
1
21
6 x 9 y =
4 y 16
6 x =
Here again most candidates answered

confidently and accurately. In part (a)
many failed to state clearly which was
the real part and which the imaginary
part, though they recovered ground by
using the correct expressions in part
(b). As already stated, the solution of
the simultaneous equations was often
attempted by a substitution method.
Whichever method was used,
numerical and sign errors were fairly
common, but most candidates obtained
the correct values for x and y. Two
faults which were condoned this time
were, in part (a), the retention of the
factor i in the imaginary part, and, in
part (b) following correct values of x
and y, a failure to give the final value of
z correctly
3
2
dx = x dx =2 x
1
2
2
+c = +c
x
0
x
x
2 2
1
=
so
dx= 0
9
x x
9 3
There were many all-correct solutions

to this question from the stronger
candidates. Others were unsure of
themselves when dealing with the
behaviour of powers of x as x tended to
infinity. Many others did not reach the
stage of making that decision: either
they failed to convert the integrands
correctly into powers of x, or they
integrated their powers of x incorrectly.
A reasonable grasp of AS Pure Core
Mathematics is essential for candidates
taking this paper.
Question 4:
In part (a) most candidates simply

wrote down the given equation,
multiplied through by (x + 2), and
converted the result into X and Y
notation. This was all that was required
for the award of the two marks, but
some candidates thought that more
was needed and presented some rather
heavy algebra. Some candidates lost
credit because of a confusion between
the upper- and lower-case letters.
b
a ) y = ax +
(( x + 2))
x+2
y ( x + 2)= ax( x + 2) + b
=
Y aX + b
x
y
b)
X
Y
1
2
3
4
0.40 1.43 2.40 3.35
3
8
15
24
1.20 5.72 12 20.1
20.1 1.20
24 3
b =Y aX =1.20 0.9 3 =1.5
iii ) The gradient is : a
a 0.9
b 1.5
Question 5:
x
1
Cos ( + ) =
= Cos ( )
2 3
4
2
x
so
+ = + k 2 or
2 3 4
x
=
+ k 2 or
2
12
+ =
+ k 2
2 3
4
x
7
=
+ k 2
2
12
7
x=
+ k 4
or
x=
+ k 4
6
6
23
7
17
+ 4
+ 4
b) =
and =
6
6
6
6
17
The smallest value of x is
6
Question 6:
0 2
2 0
A=
and B
2 0
0 2
0 4
a ) AB =
4 0
4 0
=
b) A =
4I
0 4
2
0 4 0 4 16 0
c) ( AB) 2 =
=
= 16 I
4 0 4 0 0 16
4 0
A2 B 2 = 4 I
so ( AB) 2 A2 B 2
= 16 I
0
4
Parts (b)(i) and (b)(ii) were usually

answered correctly on the insert, after
which most candidates knew how to
find estimates for a and b, occasionally
losing a mark through a loss of accuracy
after a poor choice of coordinates to
use in the calculation of the gradient.
Another way of losing a mark was to
write down the estimate for a without
showing any working.
As usual in MFP1, many candidates

made a poor effort at finding the
general solution of a trigonometric
equation. In this case the solution
was almost always found in part
x=
(a), but the second solution
x=
(or
4
alternative) was relatively rarely seen.

Many candidates were aware that
when dealing with a cosine they
needed to put a plus or minus symbol
somewhere but were not sure where
exactly it should go. The general term
2n usually appeared, but often in the
wrong place. In part (b) only the
strongest candidates, and not even all
of these, were able to obtain any credit
here.
This question was very well answered by

the majority of candidates, who showed
confidence and accuracy in manipulating
these simple matrices.
Question 7:
y= 7 +
1
x +1
1
a ) Translation vector
7
b) i )"Vertical asymptote " x = 1
1
7+
y=
7
x + 1 x
ii ) When=
x 0,=
y 8
1
1
8
1
y =0 =7 +
=7
x +1 =
x =
7
7
x +1
x +1
8
The curve crosses the axes at (0,8) and ( , 0)
7
c)
Question 8:
a ) This is a stretch in the x-direction by a factor 3

3 0
It is represented by the matrix
0 1
b)
0 1
c) The matrix of the reflection is
1 0
0 1 3 0 0 1
so The matrix which maps T1 to T3 is
=
1 0 0 1 3 0
Many candidates scored well on this

question but, for some, marks were lost
in a variety of places.
In part (a) some candidates were
careless in giving the two parts of the
translation.
In part (b) (i) the horizontal asymptote
was often found to be the x-axis, which
usually caused difficulty in part (c). In
part (b)(ii), as in Question 4 (b)(iii), a
mark was sometimes lost by a failure to
show some necessary working, in this
case for the intersection of the curve
with the x-axis.
In part (c) the sketches were sometimes
wildly wrong, despite the information
provided in part (a) that the curve must
be a translated version of the well1 . In many cases
known hyperbola
y=
x
the curve shown was basically correct
but did not appear to approach the
asymptotes in a satisfactory way.
Despite a generous interpretation of
this on the part of the examiners, some
candidates lost credit because of
seriously faulty drawing.
This question was not generally well

answered, except for part (b) where
most candidates were able to draw the
reflected triangle correctly on the
insert. In part (a) many candidates
seemed not to recognise the
transformation as a simple one-way
stretch, and even those who did were
not always familiar with the
corresponding matrix. They could have
worked out the matrix by considering
the effect of the stretch on the points
(1, 0) and (0, 1), but in many cases
candidates either gave up, made a wild
guess, or embarked on a lengthy
algebraic process involving four
equations and four unknowns.
In part (c) relatively few candidates saw
the benefit of matrix multiplication for
the composition of two
transformations, and even they often
multiplied the matrices the wrong way
round. Again it was common to see
candidates trying to find the matrix
from four equations, but this method
was doomed to failure if the candidate,
as happened almost every time, paired
off the vertices incorrectly.
Question 9:
y2 = 4x
A(3, 4)
a ) y 4= m( x 3)
y = mx 3m + 4
b) If the line intersects the curve then the coordinates of the
point of intersection satisfy both equations simultaneously
y 2= 4 x
x=
y2
4
y2
3m + 4
4
4 y = my 2 12m + 16
so y= m
my 2 4 y + 16 12m = 0
c) The line is a tangent when this equation has a repeated root
meaning that the discriminant is 0
Discriminant = (4) 2 4 m (16 12m) = 16 64m + 48m 2 = 0
3m 2 4m + 1 = 0
(3m 1)(m 1) =
0
1
m = or m = 1
3
1
x + 3 and y =
x +1
The equation of the two tangents are y =
3
d ) If m = 1, the equation becomes y 2 4 y + 4 =
0
y 2=
and x 1
( y 2) 2 =
0=
1
1
If m = , the equation becomes y 2 4 y + 12 =
0
3
3
y 2 12 y + 36 =
0
( y 6) 2 =
0
The tangents touch the curve at (1, 2) and (9, 6)
y = 6 and x = 9
Grade boundaries
Most candidates know that there is

likely to be a question involving
quadratic theory and are well equipped
to answer it. In this case it was possible
to answer parts (c) and (d) without
having been successful in the earlier
parts of the question, and this was
often seen. At the same time there
were many candidates who did well in
parts (a) and (b) but made an error in
the discriminant in part (c) leading to a
significant loss of marks thereafter.
In part (a) many candidates found a
particular value for m rather than
finding an equation that would be valid
for all values of m. In part (b), as
mentioned above, the elimination was
not always carried out by the most
efficient method, but many candidates
still managed to establish the required
equation. In part (c) some candidates
lost all credit by failing to indicate that
the discriminant must be zero for the
line to be a tangent to the parabola;
while others found the two gradients
correctly but omitted the actual
equations asked for in the question.
Those who did find the correct
gradients nearly always went on to gain
all or most of the marks available in
part (d), from a quadratic in y (the more
direct way) or from a quadratic in x

January 2009
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
Thursday 15 January 2009
MFP1
9.00 am to 10.30 am

*
*

Instructions
*
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
*
P10885/Jan09/MFP1 6/6/6/6/
MFP1
1 A curve passes through the point 0, 1 and satisfies the differential equation
dy p2
1x
dx
Starting at the point 0, 1 , use a step-by-step method with a step length of 0.2 to estimate
the value of y at x 0:4 . Give your answer to five decimal places.
(5 marks)
2 The complex number 2 3i is a root of the quadratic equation

x 2 bx c 0
where b and c are real numbers.
(a) Write down the other root of this equation.
(b) Find the values of b and c.
(1 mark)
(4 marks)

p
p
tan 3x 3
2
(5 marks)
4 It is given that
n
X
Sn
3r 2 3r 1
r1
(a) Use the formulae for
n
X
r1
(b) Hence show that
2n
X
and
n
X
r to show that Sn n3 .
(5 marks)
r1
3r 2 3r 1 kn3 for some integer k.
rn1
P10885/Jan09/MFP1
(2 marks)
5 The matrices A and B are defined by

k k
A
,
k k
k
B
k
k
k
where k is a constant.
(a) Find, in terms of k :
(i) A B ;
(1 mark)
(ii) A2 .
(2 marks)
(b) Show that A B2 A2 B2 .
(4 marks)
(c) It is now given that k 1 .

(i) Describe the geometrical transformation represented by the matrix A2 .
(2 marks)
(ii) The matrix A represents a combination of an enlargement and a reflection. Find

the scale factor of the enlargement and the equation of the mirror line of the
reflection.
(3 marks)

y
(a)
x 1x 3
xx 2
(i) Write down the equations of the three asymptotes of this curve.
(3 marks)
(ii) State the coordinates of the points at which the curve intersects the x-axis.
(1 mark)
(iii) Sketch the curve.
(You are given that the curve has no stationary points.)
(4 marks)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the inequality

x 1x 3
<0
xx 2
(2 marks)
P10885/Jan09/MFP1
Turn over
7 The points Pa, c and Qb, d lie on the curve with equation y f x . The straight line
PQ intersects the x-axis at the point Rr, 0 . The curve y f x intersects the x-axis at the
point Sb, 0 .
y
P
y f x
R S
r b
b
(a) Show that

ba
r ac
cd
(4 marks)
(b) Given that

a 2, b 3 and f x 20x x 4
(i) find the value of r ;
(3 marks)
(ii) show that b r 0:18 .
(3 marks)
P10885/Jan09/MFP1
8 For each of the following improper integrals, find the value of the integral or explain why it
does not have a value:
1
(a)
3
4
dx ;
(3 marks)
dx ;
(3 marks)
5
4
(b)
1
1
(c)
3
x
5
dx .
(1 mark)
9 A hyperbola H has equation

y2
x
1
2
2
(a) Find the equations of the two asymptotes of H, giving each answer in the form
y mx .
(2 marks)
(b) Draw a sketch of the two asymptotes of H, using roughly equal scales on the two
coordinate axes. Using the same axes, sketch the hyperbola H.
(3 marks)
(c)
(i) Show that, if the line y x c intersects H, the x-coordinates of the points of
intersection must satisfy the equation
x 2 2cx c2 2 0
(4 marks)
(ii) Hence show that the line y x c intersects H in two distinct points, whatever
the value of c.
(2 marks)
(iii) Find, in terms of c, the y-coordinates of these two points.
END OF QUESTIONS
P10885/Jan09/MFP1
(3 marks)
MFP1
Q
Solution
1 First increment is 0.2, so y 1.2
Marks
B1B1
Second increment is 0.2 1 + 0.22

... 0.203 961, so y 1.403 96
M1
A2,1F
Total
2(a) Other root is 2 3i
B1
(b) Sum of roots = 4

So b = 4
B1F
B1F
Product is 13
So c = 13
B1
B1F
Alternative:
Substituting 2 + 3i into equation
Equating R and I parts
12 + 3b = 0, so b = 4
5 + 2b + c = 0, so c = 13
M1
m1
A1
A1F
Total
tan = 3
3
Introduction of n
Going from 3x to x
2
1
x = + n
18 3
A1 if accuracy lost; ft num error
ft error in (a)
ft wrong value for sum
4
(4)
5
ft wrong value for product
ft wrong value for b

Decimals/degrees penalised at 5th mark
M1
(or 2n) at any stage
m1
Including dividing all terms by 3
Total
Allow +, or ; A1 with dec/deg;

ft wrong first solution
M1
m1
A1
B1
A1
(b) S2n Sn attempted

Answer 7n3
5
5
1
Comments
PI; variations possible here
B1
A2,1F
2
4(a) S n = 3 r 3 r + 1
Correct expressions substituted
Correct expansions
1 = n
Answer convincingly obtained
Total
M1
A1
Total
At least for first two terms

5
2
7
AG
Condone S2n Sn+1 here
MFP1 (cont)
Q
0
5(a)(i) A + B =
2k
2k 2
2
(ii) A =
0
Solution
2k
0
2k 2
4k 2
0
2
(b) (A + B) = =
2
0 4k
B2 = A2, hence result
Marks
Total
B1
B2,1
B2,1
4
(c)(i) A2 is an enlargement (centre O)

with SF 2
M1
A1
(ii) Scale factor is now 2

Mirror line is y = x tan 22 12
B1
M1A1
B1 3
(ii) Intersections at (1, 0) and (3, 0)
B1
(iii) At least one branch approaching

asymptotes
B1
Each branch
B1 3
(b) 0 < x < 1, 2 < x < 3
B1,B1
M1A1
(2)
10
Alternative:
Complete correct algebraic method
Total
7(a) Use of similar triangles or algebra
M1
Correct relationship established
A1
(b)(i) c = f(a) = 24, d = f(b) = 21

r = 38 ( 2.5333)
15
2k
Allow B1 if one repeated error occurs,

eg for <
Some progress needed

ra ba
=
eg
c
cd
AG
Allow AWRT 2.53; ft small error
m1A1
Hence result convincingly shown
Condone 2k2
Condone
3
12
3
Total
B1 if three entries correct
B1 if three entries correct
B1B1
6(a)(i) Asymptotes x = 0, x = 2, y = 1
Comments
B1,B1
B1F
(ii)
M1A1
A1
= 20 3 2.714(4)
So r 0.181 0.18 (AG)
Total
3
10
Allow AWRT 2.71

Allow only 2dp if earlier values to 3dp
MFP1 (cont)
Q
8(a)
Solution
Marks
1
4
M1A1
dx = 4 x (+ c)
This tends to as x , so no value

(b)
5
4
5
4
dx = 4 x
1
4
Total
A1F
M1 if index correct
3
M1A1
(+ c)
Comments
ft wrong coefficient
M1 if index correct
dx = 0 (4) = 4
A1F
ft wrong coefficient
(c) Subtracting 4 leaves , so no value
B1F
ft if c has no value in (a) but has a finite

answer in (b)
M1A1
7
2
Total
9(a) Asymptotes are y = 2 x
(b) Asymptotes correct on sketch
B1F
Two branches in roughly correct positions

Approaching asymptotes correctly
M1A0 if correct but not in required form

With gradients steeper than 1;
ft from y = mx with m > 1
B1
B1
Asymptotes y = mx needed here
(c)(i) Elimination of y
Clearing denominator correctly
x2 2cx (c2 + 2) = 0
M1
M1
m1A1
Convincingly found (AG)
(ii) Discriminant = 8c2 + 8

> 0 for all c, hence result
B1
E1
Accept unsimplified
OE
Accept y = c +
(iii) Solving gives x = c 2(c 2 + 1)
M1A1
y = x + c = 2c 2(c 2 + 1)
A1
Total
14
TOTAL
75
2c 8c 2 + 8
2

Question 1:
Let's call f ( x=
)
1+ x
we use the Euler formula: yn +1 =
yn + hf ( xn )
with h =
0.2
2
x1 = 0, y1 = 1 , f ( x1 ) = 1
so y2 = 1 + 0.2 1 = 1.2
=
x2 0.2,
=
y2 1.2 , =
f ( x2 )
1 + 0.22 =
1.0198
so y3 = 1.2 + 0.2 1.0198

y3 = 1.40396
The great majority of candidates were

able to make a good start to the paper
by giving a correct numerical solution to
the differential equation. As on past
papers, some candidates used the value
of the derivative at the upper end of
the interval rather than the lower end.
This was perfectly acceptable for full
marks, though these candidates gave
themselves slightly more calculation to
carry out as they were not using the
very simple value of the derivative at x
= 0. Some candidates carried out three
iterations instead of two; these
candidates lost a mark as well as giving
themselves extra work.
Question 2:
=
x 2 + bx + c 0 has root 2 + 3i
a ) The other root is the conjugate 2 3i
b) b =
((2 + 3i ) + (2 3i )) =
b = 4
c = (2 + 3i )(2 3i ) = 4 + 9 = 13
c = 13
Question 3:
Tan 3 x = 3 =Tan
3
2
+ k
3
3 x = + k
6
3x =
Almost every candidate gave the right

answer to part (a), and many went on
to use the relationships between the
roots and coefficients of a quadratic
equation to answer part (b) correctly,
though quite a number did not insert a
minus sign for the coefficient of x. Some
candidates followed other approaches,
such as substituting the known root
into the equation, expanding and
equating real and imaginary parts,
which if done carefully usually led to
the right answers.
=
x
18
The tangent function is the most

friendly trigonometrical function for
this type of equation, and it was
noticeable that the great majority of
candidates were aware that the period
of the function was , not 2.
Unfortunately a substantial number of
candidates, after introducing the
general term n, failed to divide it by 3
and thus lost three of the five marks
available.
Question 4:
n
+ 1 3 r 2 3 r + 1
3r 2 3r=
=
Sn
=
r 1
=
r 1
=
r 1=
r 1
1
1
=3 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 3 n(n + 1) + n
6
2
1
=
n [ (n + 1)(2n + 1) 3(n + 1) + 2]
2
1
=
n ( 2n 2 + n + 2n + 1 3n 3 + 2 )
2
1
S n = n ( 2n 2 ) = n 3
2
2n
b)
(3r
2n
3r +=
1)
r=
n +1
(3r
3r + 1) (3r 2 3r + 1)
r=
1
r=
1
= (2n)3 n3 =
7 n3
Part (a) of this question was very well

answered. The algebra needed was not
quite as heavy as is sometimes seen in
questions on this topic, and the fact
that the answer was given seemed to
steer candidates smoothly to a correct
solution. Only a small proportion of
candidates wrote 1 for 1. In part (b),
only a minority of candidates showed
any awareness of the need for a
subtraction, but those who did show
this awareness usually found the right
answer with very little difficulty.
Question 5:
k k
k k
A =
and B
k k
k k
0 2k
a) i) A + B =
2k 0
2
2k
0
ii ) A2 =
2
0 2k
0
0 2k 0 2k 4k 2
2
b) ( A + B )
=
=
2
2k 0 2k 0 0 4k
2k 2
0 2k 2
0 4k 2
2
2
and A + B =
+
=
2
2
0 2k 0 2k 0
so indeed ( A + B ) 2 =A2 + B 2
The first nine marks in this question

seemed to be found very easy for most
candidates to earn. The presence of so
many ks in the matrices did not
prevent them from carrying out all the
calculations correctly and confidently,
though sometimes the flow of the
reasoning in part (b) was not made
totally clear. Part (c)(ii), on the other
hand, proved too hard for many
candidates, who seemed to resort to
guesswork for their answers.
4k 2
2 0
c)i ) k = 1, A2 =
0 2
represents an enlargement centre O, scale factor 2
1 1
ii ) A =
1 1
The point A(1,0) is transformed into A'(1,1)
OA=1 and OA ' = 2
the scale factor of the enlargement is 2
The mirror line is the bissector of the angle (AOA'),
the equation of this line is y = Tan(22.5o ) x
Question 6:
( x 1)( x 3)
x( x 2)
" x 0=
a ) i )" vertical asymptotes
and x 2
=
4 3
1 + 2
2
x 4x + 3
x x
y =
=
1
x
2
2
x 2x
1
x
ii ) The curve intersects the x-axis when y = 0
3) 0
which means ( x 1)( x =
x 1 or=
x 3
=
The curve crosses the x-axis at (1,0) and (3,0)
y=
iii )
c) y < 0 when the curve is below the x-axis
this happens when 0 < x < 1 or 2 < x < 3
The first two parts of this question were

generally well answered, and there
were many good sketches in part (a)(iii),
though the middle branch of the curve
was often badly drawn, many
candidates appearing to ignore the
helpful information provided about
there being no stationary points. Part
(b) could be answered very easily by
looking at the parts of the graph which
were below the x-axis, and reading off
the two intervals in which this was the
case. Instead, many candidates used a
purely algebraic approach, and in most
cases the inequality was rapidly
reduced to the incorrect form (x 1)(x
3) < 0, though some candidates
obtained the correct version,
x(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) < 0, and after
making a table of signs came up with
the correct solution.
Question 7:
a ) Let's work out the equation of the line PQ

d c
the gradient is
ba
d c
Eq : =
yc
( x a)
ba
This line intersects the x-axis when y = 0
d c
(r a)
ba
c
so=
ba
c
= r a
d c
ba
r = a + c
cd
b=
b 3 and f (=
x) 20 x x 4
) a 2,=
i ) c = f (a ) = 20 2 24 = 40 16 = 24
d =f (b) =20 3 34 =60 81 =21
3 2 38
so r =
2 + 24
=
24 + 21 15
ii ) Solve=
f ( x) 0
x x4 0
20=
There was a poor response to this

question, particularly in part (a) where
many candidates seemed to be
unfamiliar with the background to the
process of linear interpolation. Those
who were completely or partially
successful followed one of two
approaches, a geometrical approach
based on similar triangles or an
algebraic approach based on the
equation of the line PQ. In both
approaches there were frequent sign
errors which prevented the candidate
from legitimately obtaining the
required formula, but some candidates
produced clear, concise and
correct proofs.
Part (b)(i) was more often productive
for candidates, some of whom used an
alternative correct formula for linear
interpolation. In part (b)(ii), many
candidates did not realise that they had
to solve the equation f(x) = 0 to find the
value of , and those who did solve the
equation sometimes lost accuracy in
establishing the required approximate
value.
x(20 x 3 ) =
0
x = 0 or x = 3 20
so r = 3 20
38
0.18
15
Question 8:
a ) x 4=
dx 4 x 4 + c
1
x 4
x
The integral has no value.
5
b) x dx = 4 x
so
1
4
+ c when x , x
1
4
1
1

x dx= 4 x 4 = 4a 4 (4)
4
a
5
4
c) x
x 4 dx = 4
1
1
1
1
1
4
dx 4 x 4 + 4 x =
x=
+ c 4 x 4 1 + x 2 + cx 4
The integral has no value.
Most candidates were able to integrate

the given powers of x, and many were
able to draw the correct conclusions,
though sign errors were common in
part (b). In part (c), most of those who
had been successful so far were able to
complete the task successfully, but it
was noticeable that some candidates
did not take a hint from the award of
only one mark for this part of the
question: instead of drawing a quick
conclusion from the results already
obtained they went through the whole
process of integrating, substituting and
taking limits, possibly losing valuable
time.
Question 9:
y2
=
x
1
2
x2
y2
=
1
2
12
2
a ) Asymptotes : y = 2 x
b)
c) i ) y= x + c intersects the hyperbola
so the x-coordinate of the point of intersection satisfy:
( x + c) 2
=1
(2)
2
2 x 2 x 2 2cx c 2 =
2
x2
x 2 2cx (c 2 + 2) =
0
ii ) Let's work out the discriminant:
(2c) 2 4 1 (c 2 + 2)
8c 2 + 8 > 0
4c 2 + 4c 2 + 8 =
The discriminant is positive for all values of c, meaning
that the line y= x + c crosses the curve at two points for all the values of c.
iii ) Solving the equation : x =
2c 8c 2 + 8 2c 2 2c 2 + 2
=
2
2
x= c 2c 2 + 2
y= x + c so
=
y 2c 2c 2 + 2
As in the June 2008 paper, there were

many candidates who appeared to
struggle with the earlier parts of the
final question but then came into their
own when they reached the expected
test of quadratic theory. Although the
asymptotes of a hyperbola had
appeared before on MFP1 papers,
many candidates seemed unfamiliar
with them, and even with the
hyperbola itself. A common error in
part (a) was to fail to take a square
root. In part (b), even those who drew
the asymptotes and the two branches
in roughly the right positions rarely
showed the curve actually approaching
the supposed asymptotes.
Part (c)(i) was extremely well answered,
the printed answer guiding most
candidates unerringly towards a correct
piece of algebra, though some made a
sign error and then made another one
in order to reach the answer. The minus
signs caused many candidates to go
wrong in finding the discriminant for
part (c)(ii), and the fact that the
discriminant needed to be strictly
positive was not stated in many cases.
The simplest approach to part (c)(iii)
was to solve the given equation for x in
terms of c and then to add another c to
obtain the values of y, but most
candidates did not seem to realise this.
Many candidates obtained a valid
quadratic equation for y but still failed
to write down the quadratic formula as
applied to their equation, and thus
failed to earn any marks in this part.
Those who attempted to substitute
values into the formula, either for x or
for y, often omitted the factor c from
the coefficient of x and/or ignored the
minus sign in front of this coefficient.
Grade boundaries

June 2009
MATHEMATICS
Unit Further Pure 1
MFP1
Monday 1 June 2009 9.00 am to 10.30 am

*
*

Instructions
*
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
*
P15275/Jun09/MFP1 6/6/
MFP1
1 The equation
2x 2 x 8 0
has roots a and b .
(2 marks)
(b) Find the value of a 2 b 2 .
(2 marks)
(c) Find a quadratic equation which has roots 4a 2 and 4b 2 . Give your answer in the
(3 marks)
form x 2 px q 0 , where p and q are integers.

y x 2 6x 5
The points A and B on the curve have x-coordinates 2 and 2 h respectively.
(a) Find, in terms of h, the gradient of the line AB, giving your answer in its simplest form.
(5 marks)
(b) Explain how the result of part (a) can be used to find the gradient of the curve at A.
State the value of this gradient.
(3 marks)
3 The complex number z is defined by

z x 2i
where x is real.
(a) Find, in terms of x, the real and imaginary parts of:
(i) z 2 ;
(3 marks)
(ii) z 2 2z* .
(2 marks)
(b) Show that there is exactly one value of x for which z 2 2z* is real.
P15275/Jun09/MFP1
(2 marks)
4 The variables x and y are known to be related by an equation of the form

y abx
(a) Given that Y log10 y , show that x and Y must satisfy an equation of the form
Y mx c
(3 marks)
(b) The diagram shows the linear graph which has equation Y mx c .
Y~
3
0
O
3 x
Use this graph to calculate:

(i) an approximate value of y when x 2:3 , giving your answer to one decimal
place;
(ii) an approximate value of x when y 80 , giving your answer to one decimal
place.
(You are not required to find the values of m and c.)
(4 marks)
(a) Find the general solution of the equation

1
cos3x p 2
(6 marks)
(b) From your general solution, find all the solutions of the equation which lie between
10p and 11p .
(3 marks)
P15275/Jun09/MFP1
Turn over
6 An ellipse E has equation

x2 y2
1
3
4
(a) Sketch the ellipse E, showing the coordinates of the points of intersection of the ellipse
with the coordinate axes.
(3 marks)
(b) The ellipse E is stretched with scale factor 2 parallel to the y-axis.
Find and simplify the equation of the curve after the stretch.
(3 marks)

a
(c) The original ellipse, E, is translated by the vector
. The equation of the translated
b
ellipse is
4x 2 3y 2 8x 6y 5
Find the values of a and b.
(5 marks)
(a) Using surd forms where appropriate, find the matrix which represents:
(i) a rotation about the origin through 30 anticlockwise;
(2 marks)
1
(ii) a reflection in the line y p x .
3
(2 marks)
(b) The matrix A, where

"
A
1
p
3
p #
3
1
represents a combination of an enlargement and a reflection. Find the scale factor of

the enlargement and the equation of the mirror line of the reflection.
(2 marks)
(c) The transformation represented by A is followed by the transformation represented by
B, where
" p
#
3 1
B
p
1
3
Find the matrix of the combined transformation and give a full geometrical description
of this combined transformation.
(5 marks)
P15275/Jun09/MFP1

x2
y
x 1x 5
(a) Write down the equations of the three asymptotes to the curve.
(3 marks)
(b) Show that the curve has no point of intersection with the line y 1 .
(3 marks)
(c)
(i) Show that, if the curve intersects the line y k , then the x-coordinates of the
points of intersection must satisfy the equation
k 1x 2 6kx 5k 0
(2 marks)
(ii) Show that, if this equation has equal roots, then

k4k 5 0
(d) Hence find the coordinates of the two stationary points on the curve.
END OF QUESTIONS
P15275/Jun09/MFP1
(2 marks)
(5 marks)
MFP1
Q
Solution
1
1(a) + = 2 , = 4
(b)
2 + 2 = ( 12 ) 2 2( 4) = 8 14
(c) Sum of roots = 4(8 14 ) = 33

Product = 16()2 = 256
Equation is x2 33x + 256 = 0
Marks
B1B1
Totals
2
M1A1F
B1F
B1F
B1F
Total
2(a) When x = 2, y = 3
Use of (2 + h)2 = 4 + 4h + h2
Correct method for gradient
3 2h + h 2 + 3
= 2 + h
Gradient =
h
(b) As h tends to 0,
... the gradient tends to 2
R and I parts clearly indicated

(ii)
ft wrong answer in (b)

3
B1
M1
M1
z 2 + 2 z* = x 2 + 2 x 4 + i(4 x 4)
(b) z2 + 2z* real if imaginary part zero

... ie if x = 1
Total
4(a) lg(abx) = lg a + lg(bx)
... = lg a + x lg b
Correct relationship established
[SC After M0M0, B2 for correct form ]
(b)(i) When x = 2.3, Y 1.1, so y 12.6
A2,1
A1 if only one small error made
E2,1
B1F
E1 for h = 0
dependent on at least E1
ft small error in (a)
M1 for use of i2 = 1
A1F
M1A1F
M1
A1F
M1
M1
A1
2
7
M1A1
Total
Condone inclusion of i in I part

ft one numerical error
M1 for correct use of conjugate
ft numerical error in (i)
ft provided imaginary part linear
Use of one log law
Use of another log law
M1A1
(ii) When y = 80, Y 1.90, so x 1.1
ft wrong answer in (a)

ft wrong sum and/or product;
allow p = 33, q = 256;
condone omission of = 0
PI
M1A1
z 2 = ( x 2 4) + i(4 x)
M1 for substituting in correct formula;

ft wrong answer(s) in (a)
Total
3(a)(i)
Comments
Allow 12.7; allow NMS

4
7
M1 for Y 1.9, allow NMS
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
1
5(a) cos =
3 2
Appropriate use of
Introduction of 2n
Going from 3x to x
x = + 2 n
3 9 3
(b) At least one value in given range
Correct values 92
, 94 , 98
9
9
9
Marks
Totals
B1
B1
M1
m1
A2,1F
M1
A2,1
Total
6(a)
Ellipse with centre of origin
( 3, 0) and (0 2) shown on diagram

(b) y replaced by
1
2
Equation is now
compatible with cs GS
A1 if one omitted or wrong values
included; A0 if only one correct value
given
B1
B2,1
M1A1
Comments
Decimals/degrees penalised at 6th
mark only
OE
(or n) at any stage
including dividing all terms by 3
OE; A1 with decimals and/or degrees; ft
wrong first solution
Allow unequal scales on axes

Condone AWRT 1.7 for 3;
B1 for incomplete attempt
M1A0 for 2y instead of
1
2
16
=1
(c) Attempt at completing the square
4( x 1) 2 + 3 ( y + 1) ...
2
[Alt: replace x by x a and y by y b

4x2 8ax + 3y2 6by ...]
a = 1 and b = 1
Total
A1
M1
A1A1
(M1)
(m1A1)
A1A1
M1 if one replacement correct

Condone errors in constant terms
5
11
MFP1 (cont)
Q
7(a)(i) Matrix is
(ii) Matrix is
Solution
Marks
Totals
12
3
2
M1A1
M1 for
1
2
M1A1
M1 for
B1B1
OE
2
2
(b) SF 2, line y =
1
3
(c) Attempt at BA or AB
Comments
cos 30 sin 30
(PI)
sin 30 cos 30
cos 60 sin 60
(PI)
sin 60 cos 60
M1
0 4
4 0
m1A1
BA =
Enlargement SF 4
m1 if zeros in correct positions

ft use of AB (answer still 4)
B1F
0 k
k 0
0 k
ft only from BA =
k 0
or after BA =
... and reflection in line y = x
B1F
Total
11
8(a) Asymptotes x = 1, x = 5, y = 1
B1 3
(b) y = 1 ( x 1)( x 5) = x 2
M1
... 2 x 6 x + 5 = 0
Disct = 36 40 < 0, so no pt of intn
2
OE
3
OE
M1
A1
OE
(ii) Discriminant = 36k2 20k(k 1)

... = 0 when k(4k + 5) = 0
M1
A1
OE
(d) k = 0 gives x = 0, y = 0
k = 5 gives 9 x 2 + 30 x 25 = 0
4
4
4
4
2
5
(3x 5) = 0, so x =
3
5
y=
4
Total
TOTAL
B1
(c)(i) y = k x 2 = k ( x 2 6 x + 5)
2
... ( k 1) x 6kx + 5k = 0
m1
A1
M1A1
OE
A1
B1
5
15
75

Question 1:
2x2 + x 8 =
0 has roots and
1
8
a ) + = and = =
4
2
2
2
1
1
b) + = ( + ) 2 = 2 4 =
+ 8 = 8 14
4
2
c) 4 2 + 4 2 =4( 2 + 2 ) =4 8 14 =33
2
4 2 4 2 = 16( ) 2 = 16 16 = 256
An equation with roots 4 2 and 4 2 is x 2 33 x + 256 = 0
Most candidates found this a very good

introduction to the paper and gained
full marks, or very nearly so. Errors in
parts (a) and (b) were rare, and were
nearly always sign errors rather than
those caused by the use of an incorrect
procedure.
In part (c) the most common mistake
was to have a 4 instead of a 16 in the
product of the roots of the required
equation. Some candidates failed to see
the connection with part (b) when
finding the sum of the roots, but more
often than not they still found the right
value for this sum.
Question 2:
y = x2 6 x + 5
for x =2, y =4 12 + 5 =3
for x = 2 + h, y = (2 + h) 2 6(2 + h) + 5 = 4 + 4h + h 2 12 6h + 5
h 2 2h 3
A(2, 3) and B(2 + h, h 2 2h 3)
(h 2 2h 3) (3) h 2 2h
= = h2
a) The gradient of the line AB :
h
2+h2
b) When h tends to 0, the chord tends to the tangent
and its gradient is 2
Almost all candidates knew how to find

the gradient of the line in part (a) of
this question, but a distressingly large
minority of them made a sign error in
subtracting the y-values of A and B,
which led to the introduction of an
unwanted term -6/h in the answer. In
part (b) this should have caused
difficulties, but almost invariably the
candidates took this term as tending to
zero as h tended to zero. Those
candidates who wrote h = 0 instead
of letting h tend to zero lost a mark
here, but it is pleasing to report that
this error was comparatively rare.
Question 3:
z= x + 2i
a ) i ) z 2 = ( x + 2i ) 2 = x 2 + 4ix 4 = ( x 2 4) + 4ix
Re( z 2=
) x2 4
Im( z 2 ) = 4 x
ii ) z 2 + 2 z* = x 2 4 + 4ix + 2 x 4i = ( x 2 + 2 x 4) + i (4 x 4)
Re( z 2 + 2 z*) = x 2 + 2 x 4
Im( z 2 + 2 z*) =
4x 4
0
b) z 2 + 2 z * is real when 4 x 4 =
x =1
In part (a) (i) of this question most

candidates showed some knowledge of
complex numbers but failed to display
clearly the real and imaginary parts
asked for in the question. Part (a) (ii)
appeared to cause candidates no
trouble at all; but by way of contrast,
very few candidates saw what was
required in part (b): many equated the
real part to zero, while others equated
the real and imaginary parts to each
other.
Question 4:
Part (a) was very familiar to the

majority of candidates perhaps too
familiar in many cases as the result
lg (abx) = lg a + x lg b was quoted rather
than properly shown by the use of the
laws of logarithms.
Part (b) presented a less familiar type of
challenge. It was not necessary or
indeed helpful to try to find values for
the constants m and c. All that was
needed was to read values directly
from the graph and to convert as
appropriate between y and Y.
y = ab x
a ) log10 y = log10 (ab x )
=
Y log10 a + log10 b x
=
Y x log10 b + log10 a
=
Y mx + c
=
=
log10 a
m log
10 b and c
b) i ) when
=
x 2.3,
=
Y 1.1 so=
y 101.1 12.6
=
ii ) y 80,
=
Y log10 80 1.90 so x 1.1
Question 5:
Cos (3 x ) = =Cos
2
3
3x =
+ k 2
or
3x =
Part (a) was a standard type of question

on this paper, but as on past papers it
was common to see candidates
introducing the general term 2n after
they had divided both sides of the
equation by 3. Another very frequent
source of confusion came from an
inappropriate use of the symbol.
Candidates who wrote out the whole
equation twice, once with a plus sign
and once with a minus sign, at an early
stage, usually obtained a correct
general solution, whereas those who
used the plus-or-minus sign often ran
into errors when adding to each side
of the equation.
Part (b) was very poorly answered.
Many candidates used n = 10 or n = 11
in their general solution and did not
seem to notice that the resulting values
of x were well below the minimum
value of 10 required by the question.
Some candidates wrote down the
correct answers but failed to indicate
how they had found them from their
general solutions as specified in the
wording of the question.
+ k 2
4
2
or
3x =
3x =
+ k 2
+ k 2
3
3
4
2
2
2
x=
or
x=
+k
+k
3
9
3
9
90
99
b)10 < x < 11
<x<
9
9
4 + k 6
94
and x =
k 15
x=
=
9
9
2 + k 4
94
or x =
k = 23
x=
9
2
98
k = 24
x=
2
Question 6:
x2 y 2
+
=
1
3
4
a ) When x = 0, y = 2
n y 0,=
x 3
Whe=
2
The sketches of the ellipse in part (a) of this

question were mostly satisfactory, though
some candidates failed to take square roots
when working out the required coordinates.
Part (b) was one of those parts of questions
where the absence of any explanation made
it hard for the examiners to see what the
candidates were trying to do. Some gave the
answer in simplified form without any
preliminary working. On this occasion the
examiners condoned this poor examination
technique where it looked as if the candidate
had done the right thing. But there were
many errors here: some modified the x term
rather than the y term, some multiplied the y
by 2 instead of dividing it by 2, and many
failed to include this 2 in the squaring process
when simplifying their equations.
Part (c) was found to be rather hard, but
many candidates realised that completing the
square was needed and at least made an
effort, often failing to see the connection
between their correct equations and the
required numbers a and b. The alternative
approach of applying the translation from the
outset, using the letters a and b, was about
as popular as the completing the square
method, but the algebra became too heavy
for many candidates and the necessary
comparing of terms did not take place.
y
2
x 2
b) The equation of the ellipse after the transformation is : + =
1
3
4
x2 y 2
+
=1
3 16
( x a ) 2 ( y b) 2
+
=
c) The equation of the ellipse after the translation is :
1
3
4
12
4( x a ) 2 + 3( y b) 2 =
4 x 2 8ax + 4a 2 + 3 y 2 6by + 3b 2 =
12
8a = 8 gives a = 1
6b =
6 gives b = 1
Question 7:
a ) i ) rotation about the origin 30o anticlockwise :
cos 30 sin 30
sin 30 cos 30 =
ii ) reflection in the line

=
y
3
2
1
2
1

2
3
2
1
=
x (Tan30) x :
3
1
3
cos 60 sin 60 2
2
=
sin 60 cos 60
1
2
2
1
3
1
3
2
2
b) A =
=
2
3
1
3 1

2
2
A represents a combination of an enlargement scale factor 2
and
the reflection in the line y =
1
x
3
0 4
c) Let's work out BA: BA=
4 0
This represents an enlargement scale factor 4
and
a reflection in the line y = x
In this question part (a) was very well

answered in general, candidates being
able to choose the correct form of
matrix for each type of transformation
and to insert the correct forms for the
necessary sines and cosines.
In part (b), however, the majority of
candidates failed to see the close
connection between the given matrix
and the one that they had found in part
(a) (ii). The answers given often
appeared to be wild guesses.
In part (c) many candidates saw the
need to multiply the two matrices but
often in the wrong order. Those who
obtained the correct matrix 0 4
4 0
often confused it with a scalar matrix

when giving the geometrical
interpretation.
Question 8:
x2
( x 1)( x 5)
a )" vertical asymptotes " x = 1 and x = 5
y=
x2
1
y =
=
1
x
2
x 6x + 5 1 6 + 5
x x2
x2
b) Let ' s solve 2
= 1
x 6x + 5
x2 =
x2 + 6x 5
y =1
2x2 6x + 5 =
0
Discriminant:(-6) 2 4 2 5 = 36 40 = 4 < 0
There is no solution, the line y = 1 does not cross the curve
c) i ) If y
x2
k=
k
crosses the curve, then x is solution to 2
x 6x + 5
x 2 = kx 2 6kx + 5k
0
(k 1) x 2 6kx + 5k =
ii ) The equation has equal roots when the discriminant is 0
Discriminant = ( 6k) 2 4 (k 1) 5k
= 36k 2 20k 2 + 20k = 16k 2 + 20k = 0
4 k 2 + 5k = 0
k (4k + 5) =
0
d ) This equation gives k = 0 or k =
5
4
=
for k 0, we have=
x2 0
=
x 0 and
=
y 0
5
9
30
25
, we have x 2 + x
=
for k =
0
4
4
4
4
9 x 2 30 x + 25 =
0
=
x 5) 2 0
(3
=
x
5
5
=
and y
4
3
5 5
The stationary points are (0,0) and ( , )
3 4
Grade boundaries
Part (a) was usually well answered, with

most candidates writing down the
equations of the two vertical
asymptotes but then struggling to
establish the equation of the horizontal
asymptote; although the correct
answer y = 1 appeared more frequently
than the most common wrong answer,
y = 0.
Part (b) was slightly unfamiliar, but
most candidates tackled it confidently.
A sign error often led to the
disappearance of the x2 term, while in
other cases the quadratic and its
discriminant were correctly found but
the candidates omitted to mention the
essential feature of the discriminant, ie
the fact that it was negative, indicating
the absence of any points of
intersection.
Candidates were mostly on familiar
ground with part (c), but marks were
sometimes lost in part (c) (i) by a failure
to show enough steps to justify the
printed answer, and in part (c) (ii) by a
sign error which prevented the
candidate from reaching the required
equation legitimately.
Most candidates were able to make a
good attempt at part (d) in the time
remaining for them. The origin was
usually given correctly as one stationary
point, and many found the x-coordinate
of the other stationary point after a
more or less lengthy calculation. Many
failed to see that the y-coordinate was
simply the value of k used in this
calculation, but they were able to
calculate it correctly from the equation
of the curve.

January 2010
Mathematics
MFP1
Unit Further Pure 1

Wednesday 13 January 2010
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm

*
*
*
an insert for use in Question 6 (enclosed).
Time allowed
*
1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions
*
*
Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for
this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is MFP1.
*
*
*
Information
*
*
Advice
*
P22602/Jan10/MFP1 6/6/6/
MFP1

3x 2 6x 1 0
has roots a and b .
(2 marks)
(b) Show that a 3 b 3 6 .
(3 marks)
(c) Find a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots
a2
b2
and
.
b
a
(4 marks)
2 The complex number z is defined by

z1i
(a) Find the value of z 2 , giving your answer in its simplest form.
(2 marks)
(b) Hence show that z 8 16 .
(2 marks)
(c) Show that z*2 z 2 .
(2 marks)

p
sin 4x
1
4
P22602/Jan10/MFP1
(4 marks)
4 It is given that
1 4
A
3 1
and that I is the 2 2 identity matrix.

(a) Show that A I2 kI for some integer k.
(3 marks)
(b) Given further that

1
B
p
3
1
find the integer p such that
1
16
(a) Explain why
1
A B2 A I2
(4 marks)
dx is an improper integral.
(1 mark)
(b) For each of the following improper integrals, find the value of the integral or explain
briefly why it does not have a value:
1
16
(i)
1
2
dx ;
(3 marks)
dx .
(3 marks)
0
1
16
(ii)
5
4
P22602/Jan10/MFP1
Turn over

The diagram shows a rectangle R1 .
y~
5
R1
10
(a) The rectangle R1 is mapped onto a second rectangle, R2 , by a transformation with

3 0
matrix
.
0 2
(i) Calculate the coordinates of the vertices of the rectangle R2 .
(ii) On Figure 1, draw the rectangle R2 .
(2 marks)
(1 mark)
(b) The rectangle R2 is rotated through 90 clockwise about the origin to give a third
rectangle, R3 .
(i) On Figure 1, draw the rectangle R3 .
(ii) Write down the matrix of the rotation which maps R2 onto R3 .
(c) Find the matrix of the transformation which maps R1 onto R3 .
P22602/Jan10/MFP1
(2 marks)
(1 mark)
(2 marks)
7 A curve C has equation y

(a)
1
x 22
(i) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of the curve C.
(2 marks)
(ii) Sketch the curve C.
(2 marks)
(b) The line y x 3 intersects the curve C at a point which has x-coordinate a.
(i) Show that a lies within the interval 3 < x < 4 .
(2 marks)
(ii) Starting from the interval 3 < x < 4 , use interval bisection twice to obtain an
interval of width 0.25 within which a must lie.
(3 marks)
(a) Show that

n
X
r1
n
X
r1
can be expressed in the form

knn 1an2 bn c
where k is a rational number and a, b and c are integers.
(4 marks)
(b) Show that there is exactly one positive integer n for which
n
X
r1
n
X
r1
r8
n
X
r2
(5 marks)
r1
P22602/Jan10/MFP1
Turn over
9 The diagram shows the hyperbola

x2 y2

1
a2 b2
and its asymptotes.
y
A2, 0
x
The constants a and b are positive integers.

The point A on the hyperbola has coordinates 2, 0.
The equations of the asymptotes are y 2x and y 2x .
(a) Show that a 2 and b 4 .
(4 marks)
(b) The point P has coordinates 1, 0. A straight line passes through P and has
gradient m. Show that, if this line intersects the hyperbola, the x-coordinates of the
points of intersection satisfy the equation
m2 4x 2 2m2 x m2 16 0
(c) Show that this equation has equal roots if 3m2 16 .
(4 marks)
(3 marks)
(d) There are two tangents to the hyperbola which pass through P. Find the coordinates of
the points at which these tangents touch the hyperbola.
END OF QUESTIONS
P22602/Jan10/MFP1
(5 marks)
Solution
1(a) + = 2, =
(b)
Mark
B1B1
1
3
3 + 3 = ( + )3 3 ( + )
M1
m1A1
... = 8 3( )(2) = 6
1
3
(c) Sum of roots =
... =
3 + 3
Total
2
Comments
or other appropriate formula

m1 for substn of numerical values;
A1 for result shown (AG)
M1
= 18
A1F
ft wrong value for
B1F
A1F
ditto
Integer coeffs and = 0 needed;
ft wrong sum and/or product
M1A1
9
2
M1 for use of i2 = 1
(b) z8 = (2i)4
... = 16i4 = 16
M1
A1
or equivalent complete method

(c) (z*)2 = (1 i)2

... = 2i = z2
M1
A1
Product = = 13
Equation is 3x2 54x + 1 = 0
Total
2(a) z2 = 1 + 2i + i2 = 2i
Total
3
sin = 1 stated or used

2
Introduction of 2n
Going from 4 x + to x
4
1
x = + n
16 2
B1
Deg/dec penalised in 4th mark
M1
m1
(or n) at any stage

incl division of all terms by 4
A1
Total
4(a)
(b)
2
6
for use of z* = 1 i
or equivalent unsimplified form
1 0
I=
0 1
B1
stated or used at any stage
Attempt at (A I)2
M1
with at most one numerical error
0 4 0 4
( A - I)2 =
= 12I
3 0 3 0
A1
1
0
A-B =
3 p 0
B1
0
3 p
( A - B) 2 =
3 p
0
... = (A I)2 for p = 9
M1 A0 if 3 entries correct
M1A1
A1F
Total
4
7
ft wrong value of k
MFP1
Q
Solution
5(a)
(b)(i)
as x 0
1
16
dx = 2 x
dx = 1
2
(ii)
Mark
E1
d x = 4 x
M1A1
(+c)
A1F
Total
1
M1A1
7
2
B1
B2,1F
(ii) Matrix of rotation is
B1
(c) Multiplication of matrices
M1
as x 0 , so no value
Total
6(a)(i) Coords (3, 2), (9, 2), (9, 4), (3, 4)
(ii) R2 shown correctly on insert
(b)(i) R3 shown correctly on insert
0 1
1 0
0 2
3 0
Required matrix is
(ii) One correct branch

Both branches correct
(b)(i) f(3) = 1, f(4) = 3
Sign change, so between 3 and 4
B1B1
8
2
B1
B1
B1
E1
(ii) f(3.5) considered first

f(3.5) > 0 so 3 < < 3.5
f(3.25) < 0 so 3.25 < < 3.5
M1
A1
A1
Total
has no value at x = 0
ft wrong coefficient of x
ft wrong coefficient of x
M1 for multn of x by 3 or y by 2 (PI)
B1 for rectangle with 2 vertices correct;

ft if cs R2 is a rectangle in 1st quad
(either way)
or other complete method
A1
Total
7(a)(i) Asymptotes x = 2, y = 0
M1 for correct power of x
E1F
Condone x
M1 for correct power of x
M1A1
(+c)
Comments
1
no extra branches; x = 2 shown

where f(x) = (x3)(x 2)2 1; OE
3
9
OE but must consider x = 3.5

Some numerical value(s) needed
Condone absence of values here
MFP1
Q
Solution
8(a) r3 + r = 1 2
n ( n + 1) 2 + 1 n( n + 1)
4
2
Factor n clearly shown
... = 1 n( n + 1)( n 2 + n + 2)
4
Mark
M1
m1
A1A1
(b) Valid equation formed

Factors n, n + 1 removed
3n2 29n 10 = 0
Valid factorisation or solution
n = 10 is the only pos int solution
M1
m1
A1
m1
A1
Total
4
0 = 1 so a = 2
a2
b
Asymps = 2 so b = 2a = 4
a
E2,1
(b) Line is y 0 = m(x 1)

Elimination of y
4x2 m2(x2 2x + 1) = 16
So (m2 4)x2 2m2x + (m2 + 16) = 0
B1
M1
A1
A1
(c) Discriminant equated to zero

4m4 4m4 64m2 + 16m2 + 256 = 0
3m2 + 16 = 0, hence result
M1
A1
A1
9(a)
(d)
x = 2, y = 0
E2,1
m 2 = 16 4 x 2 32 x + 64 = 0
3
3
3
3
2
x 8x + 16 = 0, so x = 4
Total
5
9
Comments
at least one term correct
or n + 1 clearly shown to be a factor
OE; A1 for 1 , A1 for quadratic
4
OE
of the correct quadratic
SC 1/2 for n = 10 after correct quad
E1 for verifn or incomplete proof

4
ditto
OE
OE (no fractions)
OE
M1
m1A1
Method for y-coordinates
using m =
m1
4
3
or from equation of
hyperbola; dept on previous m1

y= 4 3
A1
Total
TOTAL
5
16
75

Question 1:
3x 2 6 x + 1 =
0 has roots and
6
1
a ) + = = 2 and =
3
3
1
b) 3 + 3 = ( + )3 3 ( + ) = (2)3 3 2 = 8 2 = 6
3
3
3
6
+ =
c)
1
2 2 3 + 3 6
2 2
+ =
= = 18 and
= =
1
3

An equation with the roots
1
2
2
0
and
is x 2 18 x + =
3
3 x 2 54 x + 1 = 0
Question 2:
z = 1+ i
a ) z 2 =(1 + i ) 2 =1 + 2i + i 2 = 2i
b=
) z8
z ) (=
2i )
(=
2 4
Most candidates seemed to be very

familiar with the techniques needed in
this question. The formula for the sum
of the cubes of the roots was either
quoted confidently and correctly or
worked out from first principles. Errors
occurred mainly in part (c): algebraic
errors in finding the sum or even the
product of the roots of the required
equation; errors in choosing which
numerical values to substitute for or
+ ; and, very frequently, a failure to
present the final answer in an
acceptable form, with integer
coefficients and the = 0 at the end.
16i 4 = 16
Full marks were usually awarded in this

question. Answers to part (b) were
sometimes very laborious but
eventually correct, but by contrast
some answers were so brief as to be not
totally convincing, earning one mark out
of two. A few candidates fell short of
full credit in part (c) by working on (z*)2
but not mentioning z2.
c) ( z*) 2 = (1 i ) 2 = 1 2i 1 = 2i = z 2
Question 3:
Sin 4 x + ==
1 Sin
4
2
4x +
4 x=
x
=
16
+ k 2
+ k 2
+k
Question 4:
This trigonometric equation was slightly

more straightforward than usual, in
that there was only one solution of the
equation between 0 and 2. For many
candidates, this did not appear to make
things simpler at all: they applied a
general formula for sin = sin and did
not always realise that their two
solutions were equivalent. They were
not penalised as long as the second
solution was correct, but this was not
always the case. What was extremely
pleasing to see from an examiners
point of view was that the majority of
candidates carried out the necessary
operations in the right order, so that all
the terms, including the 2n term, were
divided by 4.
0 4 12 0
a ) ( A =
I)
=
=

12 I
3 0 0 12
2
1 3 p
0
0
( A B) =
b)=
=

12 I
3
p
0
0
3
p
so p = 9
2
As usual on this paper, the work on

matrices was very good indeed, with
most candidates working out all the
steps efficiently. Some tried to expand
the expressions (A I)2 and (A B)2 but
almost invariably assumed
commutativity of multiplication. A
rather silly way to lose a mark was to
work correctly to the equation 3 p =
12 and then to solve this equation
incorrectly, which happened quite
frequently.
Question 5:
16
a) x
0
b) i )
ii )
Most candidates showed confidence

with the integration needed in this
dx is an improper because x is not defined when x = 0.
question but were much less confident
with the concept of an improper
1
1
1
integral. The explanations in part (a)
16
16
2 x =
were often very wide of the mark, and
8
2x 2 + c
2
16
0
x 2 dx =
x 2 dx =
0
0
indeed quite absurd, while in other
5
1
1
cases the statements made were too
vague to be worthy of the mark, using

x 4 dx =
when x 0, x 4
4 x 4 + c
the word it without making it clear
whether this referred to the integrand
The integral has no value
or to the integrated function. Another
mark was often lost at the end of
the question, where candidates thought
that 0-1/4 was equal to zero.
1
2
1
2
Question 6:
3 0 1 1 3 3 3 3 9 9
a) i)
0 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 4 2
The coordinates of the vertices of R 2 are (3, 2) , (3, 4) , (9, 4) , (9, 2)
ii )
b) i )
ii )90o clockwise is equivalent
cos 270 sin 270 0 1
to 270o anticlockwise :
=
sin 270 cos 270 1 0

0 1 3 0 0 2
c)
=
1 0 0 2 3 0
As the candidates turned the page to

tackle this question, there was a
noticeable dip in the level of their
performance. The majority of
candidates showed a surprising lack of
ability to work out the coordinates of
image points under a transformation
given by a matrix. A common
misunderstanding was to carry out a
two-way stretch with centre (1, 1)
instead of with centre (0, 0). Luckily the
candidates still had the chance to carry
out the required rotation in part (b)(i)
using their rectangle from part (a). Part
(b)(ii) was often answered poorly, some
candidates being confused by the
clockwise rotation, when the formula
booklet assumes an anticlockwise
rotation, and many candidates failing to
give numerical values for cos 270 and
sin 270. Most candidates realised that
a matrix multiplication was needed in
part (c), but many used the wrong
matrices or multiplied the matrices in
the wrong
Question 7
1
( x 2) 2
a )i )"Vertical asymptote " x = 2
When x , y 0
y = 0 is asymptote to the curve.
ii )
b) The line y= x 3 intersects the curve. x satisfy both equations
y=
x 3
=
1
( x 2) 2
( x=
3)( x 2) 2 1 0
Let's call f ( x=
) ( x 3)( x 2) 2 1
f (3) =1 < 0 and
f (4)= 3 > 0
According the the change sign rule,
we know that there is a least one solution between 3 and 4.
ii ) f (3.5) =
0.125 > 0
3 < < 3.5
f (3.25) = 0.609375 < 0
3.25 < < 3.5
Most candidates started well by writing

down x = 2 as the equation of one
asymptote to the given curve, and then
struggled to find the horizontal
asymptote, though most were
ultimately successful. The graph was
often drawn correctly but almost
equally often it appeared with one of its
branches below the x-axis. In part (b),
most candidates went to some trouble
establishing a function which would
have the value 0, or 1, at the point of
intersection. The most popular
technique for this was to clear
denominators to obtain a cubic in
factorised form, often converted
unhelpfully into expanded form. Other
candidates often used subtraction to
obtain a suitable function. Once this
was done, the way was clear for a
candidate to earn 5 marks, but in some
cases only 2 of the 5 were gained as
interval bisection was not used as
required by the question.
Question 8
n
1 2
1
n (n + 1) 2 + n(n + 1)
4
2
=r 1 =r 1
1
n(n + 1) [ n(n + 1) + 2]
=
4
1
= n(n + 1)(n 2 + n + 2)
4
n
1
4
8 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) =
b)8 r 2 =
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
3
r =1
a) r + =
r
3
therefore,
r + r
3
8 r 2
=
when
=r 1 =r 1 =r 1
1 2
4
(n + n + =
2)
(2n + 1)
4
3
3(n 2 + n +=
2) 16(2n + 1)
(12)
3n 2 + 3n + 6 = 32n + 16
3n 2 29n 10 =
0
(3n + 1)(n 10) =
0
n = 10 is the only positive integer solution
Candidates who were accustomed to

look for common factors an
approach almost always needed in
questions on this topic were able to
obtain high marks in both parts, though
some of these candidates surprisingly
failed to solve the quadratic in part (b).
Candidates who preferred to expand
and simplify everything and then hope
to spot some factors were often
successful in part (a) but could not
realistically hope for more than one
mark in part (b).
Question 9
x2 y 2
1
=
a 2 b2
4
a=2
a ) A(2, 0) belongs to the curve =
so 2 1=
a2 4
a
b
b
The asymptotes are y =
so =
b=4
2
x
a
a
b) P(1, 0) gradient m
The equation of the line is y 0 =
m( x 1)
y = mx m
This line intersects the parabola so the x-coordinate
of the points of intersection satisfies:
x 2 (mx m) 2
=
1
4
16
4 x 2 m 2 x 2 + 2m 2 x m 2 =
16
(4 m 2 ) x 2 + 2m 2 x (m 2 + 16) =
0
0
(E)
(m 2 4) x 2 2m 2 x + (m 2 + 16) =
c) The equation has equal roots when the discriminant is 0
0
( 2m 2 ) 2 4 (m 2 4) (m 2 + 16) =
4m 4 4m 4 48m 2 + 256 =
0
48m 2 = 256
3m 2 = 16
16
d ) 3m 2 =
16 gives m 2 =
3
The equation ( E ) becomes
4
4 3
m=
3
3
16
16
2
16
0
4 x 2 x + + 16 =
3
3
4 2 32
64
=
x x+
0
3
3
3
x 2 8 x + 16 =
0
( x 4) 2 =
0
x=4
y=
m( x 1) so y =
4 3
3 =4 3
3
The coordinates of the points are (4, 4 3) and (4, 4 3)

Grade boundaries
Part (a) was found very hard by most

candidates. Many failed to use both
pieces of information
supplied just before part (a), so that
they could establish a = 2 or b = 2a but
could not hope to
complete the two requests. Whether
they were attempting one half or both
halves of the
question, they often wrote down the
results they were supposed to be
proving, possibly earning some credit
for verifying these results, though the
reasoning was sometimes very hard to
follow.
Part (b) was much more familiar to
well-prepared candidates, but marks
were often lost either by a failure to
form a correct equation for the straight
line or by sign errors after the
elimination of y. The solutions to parts
(c) and (d) were often presented in the
reverse order, but full credit was given
for all correct working shown. In part
(c), many candidates made a good
attempt to deal with the discriminant of
the quadratic equation printed in part
(b), but were careless about indicating
that this discriminant should be equal
to zero for equal roots. Once again, sign
errors often caused a loss of marks. In
part (d), the unique value of x was often
found correctly by the stronger
candidates, but relatively few of these
went on to find the values of y, and
those who did sometimes did so via a
rather roundabout approach.

June 2010
Mathematics
MFP1
Unit Further Pure 1

Thursday 27 May 2010
9.00 am to 10.30 am

*
Time allowed
*
1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions
*
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for
drawing.
*
*
*
Write the question part reference (eg (a), (b)(i) etc) in the left-hand
margin.
*
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page.
*
Show all necessary working; otherwise marks for method may be
lost.
*
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work that you do
not want to be marked.
Information
*
*
Advice
*
Unless stated otherwise, you may quote formulae, without proof,
from the booklet.
P27933/Jun10/MFP1 6/6/
MFP1
A curve passes through the point 1, 3 and satisfies the differential equation
dy
1 x3
dx
Starting at the point 1, 3, use a step-by-step method with a step length of 0.1 to
estimate the y-coordinate of the point on the curve for which x 1:3 . Give your
answer to three decimal places.
(No credit will be given for methods involving integration.)
(6 marks)
It is given that z x iy , where x and y are real numbers.
Find, in terms of x and y, the real and imaginary parts of
(a)
1 2iz z*
(4 marks)
Hence find the complex number z such that
(b)
1 2iz z* 102 i
(2 marks)
Find the general solution, in degrees, of the equation
cos5x 20 cos 40
(5 marks)
The variables x and y are related by an equation of the form
y ax 2 b
The following approximate values of x and y have been found.
x
6.0
10.5
18.0
28.2
(a)
Complete the table on page 3, showing values of X , where X x 2 .
(b)
On the diagram on page 3, draw a linear graph relating X and y.
(c)
Use your graph to find estimates, to two significant figures, for:

(i)
the value of x when y 15 ;
(ii) the values of a and b.
(1 mark)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(3 marks)
P27933/Jun10/MFP1
6.0
10.5
18.0
28.2
X
y
y~
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
A curve has equation y x 3 12x .
The point A on the curve has coordinates 2, 16.

The point B on the curve has x-coordinate 2 h .
(a)
Show that the gradient of the line AB is 6h h2 .
(b)
Explain how the result of part (a) can be used to show that A is a stationary point on
the curve.
(2 marks)
(4 marks)
Turn over
P27933/Jun10/MFP1
The matrices A and B are defined by

2
3
2
1
1
1
6 p2 p2 7
6 p2
6
7
6
A6
7, B 6
4 1
5
4 1
1
p
p
p
2
2
2
3
1
p 7
27
7
1 5
p
2
Describe fully the geometrical transformation represented by each of the following

matrices:
(a)
A;
(2 marks)
(b)
B;
(2 marks)
(c)
A2 ;
(2 marks)
(d)
B2 ;
(2 marks)
(e)
AB.
(3 marks)
7 (a) (i)
Write down the equations of the two asymptotes of the curve y
1
.
x3
(2 marks)
1
, showing the coordinates of any points of intersection
x3
with the coordinate axes.
(2 marks)
(ii) Sketch the curve y
(iii) On the same axes, again showing the coordinates of any points of intersection with
the coordinate axes, sketch the line y 2x 5 .

(b) (i)
(1 mark)
Solve the equation

1
2x 5
x3
(3 marks)
(ii) Find the solution of the inequality
1
< 2x 5
x3
(2 marks)
P27933/Jun10/MFP1
The quadratic equation
x 2 4x 10 0
has roots a and b .
(a)
Write down the values of a b and ab .
(b)
Show that
(c)
Find a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots a
(2 marks)
1 1 2
.
a b 5
(2 marks)
2
b .
a
2
and
b
(6 marks)
A parabola P has equation y 2 x 2 .
9
(a) (i)
Sketch the parabola P.
(2 marks)
(ii) On your sketch, draw the two tangents to P which pass through the point 2, 0.
(2 marks)
(b) (i)
Show that, if the line y mx 2 intersects P, then the x-coordinates of the points
of intersection must satisfy the equation
m2 x 2 4m2 1x 4m2 2 0
(3 marks)
(ii) Show that, if this equation has equal roots, then
16m2 1
(3 marks)
(iii) Hence find the coordinates of the points at which the tangents to P from the point
2, 0 touch the parabola P.
(3 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
P27933/Jun10/MFP1
MFP1
Q
Solution
1 First increment is 0.1 2 (= 0.2)
Marks
M1
So next value of y is 3.2

Second inct is 0.1(1 + 1.13) = 0.2331
Third inct is 0.1(1 + 1.23) = 0.2728
So y 3.7059 3.706
Comments
variations possible here
A1
PI
m1A1
PI
A1
PI
A1F
Total
Total
6
6
A1 if one numerical error made
M1
Use of i2 = 1
M1
(1 2i)z z* = 2y + i(2y 2x)
A2,1
(b) 2y = 20, 2y 2x = 10
M1
so z = 5 + 10i
A1
Total
3 Introduction of 360n
equate and attempt to solve

2
6
allow x = 5, y = 10
M1
(or 180n) at any stage;

condone 2n (or n)
5x 20 = 40 (+360n)
B1
OE, eg RHS 40 or 320
Going from 5x 20 to x
m1
including division of all terms by 5
GS is x = 4 8 + 72n
A2,1
Total
4(a) 4, 16, 36, 64 entered in table
B1
(b) Four points plotted accurately
5
5
1
B1F
Linear graph drawn
B1
(c)(i) Finding X for y = 15 and taking sq root

x 5.3
ft wrong values in (a)

2
M1
A1
(ii) Calculation of gradient
OE; A1 if radians present in answer
AWRT 5.2 or 5.3; NMS 1/2
M1
a = gradient 0.37
A1
b = y-intercept 4.5
B1F
Total
AWRT 0.36 to 0.38; NMS 1/2

3
8
can be found by calculation;

ft cs y-intercept
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
5(a) At B, y = (2 + h)3 12(2 + h)
Marks
M1
= (8 + 12h + 6h2 + h3) (24 + 12h)

(= 16 + 6h2 + h3)
Total
Comments
with attempt to expand and simplify
correct expansion of (2 + h)3
B1
( 16 + 6h 2 + h 3 ) ( 16)
(2 + h) 2
m1
6h 2 + h 3 = 6h + h 2
h
A1
E2,1
E1 for h = 0
M1A1
2
6
2
(b) Reflection in y = x tan 22.5
M1A1
M1 for reflection
(c) Rotation 90 (anticlockwise)(about O)
M1A1F
M1 for rotation or correct matrix;

ft wrong angle in (a)
(d) Identity transformation
B2,1F
ft wrong mirror line in (b); B1 for B2 = I
Grad AB =
=
(b) As h 0 this gradient 0

so gradient of curve at A is 0
Total
6(a) Rotation 45 (anticlockwise)(about O)
0 1
(e) AB =
1 0
Reflection in y = x
M1A1
A1
Total
7(a)(i) Asymptotes x = 3 and y = 0
B1,B1
allow M1 if two entries correct

3
11
2
(ii) Complete graph with correct shape

1
Coordinates 0, shown
3
B1
B1
(iii) Correct line, (0, 5) and (2.5, 0) shown
B1
(b)(i) 2x2 11x + 14 = 0
M1 for rotation
may appear on graph
B1
x = 2 or x = 3.5
(ii) 2 < x < 3, x > 3.5
M1A1
M1 for valid method for quadratic
B2,1F
B1 for partially correct solution;

ft incorrect roots of quadratic
(one above 3, one below 3)
Total
10
MFP1 (cont)
Q
Solution
8(a) + = 4, = 10
(b)
Marks
B1,B1
1 + 1 = +
4 2
=
10 5
A1
(c) Sum of roots = ( + ) + 2(ans to (b))

= 44
5
Product = + 4 +
= 14
2
5
A1F
ft wrong value for +

M1 for attempt to expand product
(at least two terms correct)
A1F
A1F
Total
9(a)(i) Parabola drawn

passing through (2, 0)
(ii) Two tangents passing through (2, 0)
(b)(i) Elimination of y
M1
M1A1
Equation is 5x2 24x + 72 = 0
ft wrong value for

6
integer coeffs and = 0 needed here;

10
M1
A1
with x-axis as line of symmetry
B1B1
to cs parabola
M1
Correct expansion of (x + 2)2
B1
Result
A1
(ii) Correct discriminant
(iii)
Comments
M1
Total
2
B1
16m4 8m2 + 1 = 16m4 + 8m2
M1
Result
A1
1 2 3
9
x x+ =0
16
4
4
M1
x = 6, y = 2
A1,A1
Total
TOTAL
OE
3

OE
3
13
75

Question 1:
Most candidates scored high marks on
Euler formula : yn +1 =
yn + hf ( xn ) with h =
0.1 and f ( x) =
1 + x3
this opening question, though there
x1 = 1, y1 = 3, f ( x1 ) = 2
so
y2 = 3 + 0.1 2 = 3.2
x2 = 1.1, y2 = 3.2, f ( x2 ) = 2.331
so
y3 = 3.2 + 0.1 2.331 = 3.4331
x=
1.2, y=
3.4331, f ( x3=
) 2.728
3
3
so
y=
3.4331 + 0.1 2.728
= 3.7059
4
were some who seemed to have no

idea what to do. A mark was often lost
by carrying out an unwanted fourth
iteration. A small number of candidates
used the upper boundaries of the
intervals rather than the lower
boundaries. This was accepted for full
marks, but credit was lost if the
candidate switched from one method
to the other in the course of working
through the solution.
Question 2:
z= x + iy
a ) (1 2i ) z z * = (1 2i )( x + iy ) ( x iy )
= x + iy 2ix + 2 y x + iy
= (2 y ) + i (2 y 2 x)
Re = 2 y
= 2 y 2x
Im
=
=
2 y 20
y 10
b) (1 2i ) z z * = 10(2 + i ) = 20 + 10i when
2 x 10 =
2 y =
x 5
z = 5 + 10i
Question 3:
Cos (5 x 20o ) =
cos 400
5 x 20 =
40 + k 360
5 x = 60 + k 360
or
or
5 x 20 =
40 + k 360
5x =
20 + k 360
x=
12o + k 72o
or
x=
4o + k 72o
The great majority of candidates

showed that they had the necessary
knowledge of complex numbers to cope
with this very straightforward question.
In a distressingly high number of
instances the work was marred by
elementary errors in the algebra, most
commonly by a sign error causing z* to
appear as x iy. Many candidates also
failed to indicate clearly in part (a)
which were the real and imaginary
parts, though many recovered the mark
by using the real and imaginary parts
correctly in part (b) of the question.
Most candidates introduced a term

360n into their work at some stage,
sometimes at a very late stage indeed,
but credit was given for having some
awareness of general solutions. A
number of candidates gave the
equivalent in radians, even though the
question specified that degrees were to
be used in this case.
Marks were often lost by the omission
or misuse of the plus-or-minus
symbol. In some cases this was
introduced too late, after the candidate
had reached the stage of writing 5x =
60. In other cases the symbol
appeared correctly but then 40 + 20
became 60.
Question 4:
=
y ax 2 + b
x
a) X
y
2
4
4
16
6
36
8
64
6.0 10.5 18.0 28.2
b)
c) i ) When
=
y 15,
=
X 28
x 5.3
28.2 6.0
ii ) Gradient
a = 0.37
=
64 4
=
b y aX = 6.0 0.37 4
b 4.5
High marks were almost invariably gained in

this question. In particular the first three
marks were earned by almost all the
candidates. Part (c)(i) was often answered
without any sign of awareness of a distinction
between x and X, a distinction which is of the
utmost importance in this type of question.
In part (c)(ii) many candidates used
calculations based on pairs of coordinates
found in the table, but this was accepted as
these coordinates could equally have been
found from the graph. The value of b often
emerged inaccurately from these
calculations, though the candidate could so
easily have used the y-intercept.
Question 5:
=
y x 3 12 x
A(2, 16)
xB =2 + h,
yB =(2 + h)3 12(2 + h) =8 + 6h 2 + 12h + h3 24 12h

=h3 + 6h 2 16
B(2 + h , h3 + 12h 2 6h 16)

yB y A (h3 + 6h 2 16) (16)
=
2+h2
xB x A
a ) The gradient of the line

=
AB
h 3 + 6h 2
= 6h + h 2
h
b) when h 0, the gradient of the line AB tends
=
As has happened in past papers on

MFP1, the expansion of the cube of a
binomial expression involved some
lengthy pieces of algebra for many
candidates, though the correct answer
was often legitimately obtained. Most
candidates were then able to put all the
necessary terms into the formula for
the gradient of a straight line and
obtain the required answer correctly.
There was a good response to part (b),
where many candidates stated correctly
that h must tend to zero. Only rarely
did they say, inappropriately, that it
must be equal to zero.
to the gradient of the tangent at A

6h + h 2
0
h 0
The tangent has gradient 0, A is a stationary point.
Question 6:
Cos 4
a) A =
Sin
Sin
4

Cos
4
represents the rotation centre O,
Cos 4
b) B =
Sin
Sin
rad (or 45o ) anticlockwise
Cos
4
represent the reflection in the line y = (Tan ) x

8
2
c) A = A A
represents the rotation centre O,
d) B = I
2
( or 90o ) anticlockwise.
2
identity transformation
Cos
0 1
2
e) AB =
=
1 0 Sin
Sin
2

Cos
2
y = (Tan ) x
represents the reflection in the line
4
y=x
High marks were often earned in this

question, generally from the
multiplication of the matrices rather
than from the geometrical
explanations, which tended to be
shaky. In parts (c) and (d) the vast
majority of candidates calculated a
matrix product rather than base their
answers purely on the transformations
already found in parts (a) and (b). The
transformation in part (c) was often
given as a reflection rather than a
rotation, and in part (d) many
candidates stated that the matrix was
the identity matrix but did not make
any geometrical statement as to what
this matrix represented. In part (e) the
correct matrix was often obtained but
the candidates failed to give the correct
geometrical interpretation, or in some
cases resorted to a full description of
the transformation as a combination of
the reflection and rotation found in
parts (b) and (a). When this was done
correctly, full credit was given.
Question 7:
a )i ) y =
1
x 3
x = 3 is a " vertical " asymptote
when x , y 0,
1
1
ii ) when x =
0, y =
The curve crosses the y-axis at (0, )
3
3
for all x, y 0
The curve does not cross the x-axis
iii )
b) i )
1
=
gives 1 =
2x 5
(2 x 5)( x 3)
x 3
2 x 2 11x + 15 =
1
The first eight marks out of the ten

available in this question were gained
without much difficulty by the majority
of candidates, apart from some careless
errors such as omitting to indicate the
coordinates asked for on the sketch.
By contrast the inequality in part (b)(ii)
was badly answered. Few candidates
seemed to think of reading off the
answers from the graph, the majority
preferring an algebraic approach, which
if done properly would have been
worth much more than the two marks
on offer. The algebraic method usually
failed at the first step with an
illegitimate multiplication of both sides
of the inequality by x 3. Some
candidates multiplied by (x 3)2 but
could not cope with the resulting cubic
expression.
2 x 2 11x + 14 =
0
(2 x 7)( x 2) =
0
=
=
x 3.5
or x 2
ii ) Plot the line y = 2 x 5.
1
< 2 x 5 :the part of the graph "below the line"
x 3
is obtained for 2 < x < 3 and x > 3.5
Question 8:
x 2 4 x + 10 =
0 has roots and
d 10
a=
=
) + 4 an
b)
c) +
+ 4 2
=
=
10 5
+ +
and ( +
= + + 2(
) ( +
) =4 + 2
)= + 2 + 2 +
2 24
=
5 5
4 144 72
= =
= 14 52
5
10 10
24
72
0
An equation with these roots is : x 2 x +
=
5
5
5 x 2 24 x + 72 = 0
= 10 + 4 +
This was another well-answered

question. The first two parts presented
no difficulty to any reasonably
competent candidate. In part (c) some
candidates, faced with the task of
finding the sum of the roots of the
required equation, repeated the work
done in part (b) rather than quoting the
result obtained there. The expansion of
the product of the new roots caused
some unexpected difficulties, some
candidates failing to deal properly with
two terms which should have given
them constant values. The final mark
was often lost by a failure to observe
the technical requirements spelt out in
the question.
Question 9:
P : y 2= x 2
a) i)
ii )
b) i=
) y m( x + 2) intersects P, then the x - coordinates
of the point of intersection
satisfies both equations:
The sketch of the parabola P was

generally well attempted. When asked
to sketch two tangents to this parabola,
many candidates revealed a poor
understanding of the idea of a tangent
to a curve.
Part (b) was found familiar by all good
candidates, and parts (b)(i) and (b)(ii)
yielded full marks provided that a little
care was taken to avoid sign errors. Part
(b)(iii) was more demanding but many
candidates found their way to earning
at least some credit, either by
substituting the value of m2 into the
quadratic found in part (b)(i) or by
some more roundabout method.
=
y m( x + 2)
2
y = x 2
this gives m 2 ( x + 2) 2 =x 2
m 2 x 2 + 4m 2 x + 4m 2 x + 2 =
0
m 2 x 2 + (4m 2 1) x + (4m 2 + 2) = 0
( Eq )
ii ) this equations has equal roots if the discriminant is 0
( 4m
1) 4 m 2 ( 4m 2 + 2 ) =
0
2
16m 4 8m 2 + 1 16m 4 8m 2 =0
16m 2 = 1
iii ) y = m( x + 2) is the equation of the line going
through P with gradient m
This line is a tangent when 16m 2 = 1
If m 2
m=
1
4
1
1
3
9
=
, the equation
( Eq ) becomes : x 2 x +
0
16
16
4
4
x 2 12 x + 36 =
0
( x 6) 2 =
0
x=6
1
( x + 2) =
2
then y =
4
The tangents to the parabola from P touch it at (6, 2) and (6, 2)
Grade boundaries

January 2011
Mathematics
MFP1
Unit Further Pure 1

1.30 pm to 3.00 pm

*
Time allowed
*
1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions
*
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for
drawing.
*
*
*
Write the question part reference (eg (a), (b)(i) etc) in the left-hand
margin.
*
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page.
*
Show all necessary working; otherwise marks for method may be
lost.
*
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work that you do
not want to be marked.
Information
*
*
Advice
*
Unless stated otherwise, you may quote formulae, without proof,
from the booklet.
P38265/Jan11/MFP1 6/6/
MFP1
The quadratic equation x 2 6x 18 0 has roots a and b.
1
(a)
Write down the values of a b and ab.
(b)
Find a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots a 2 and b 2 .
(4 marks)
(c)
Hence find the values of a 2 and b 2 .
(2 marks)
(1 mark)
q
Find, in terms of p and q, the value of the integral
2 (a)
2
dx .
3
p x
(3 marks)
Show that only one of the following improper integrals has a finite value, and find
that value:
(b)
2
dx ;
3
0 x
1
2
(ii)
dx .
3
2 x
(i)
(3 marks)
Write down the 2 2 matrix corresponding to each of the following transformations:
3 (a)
(i)
a rotation about the origin through 90 clockwise;
(1 mark)
(ii) a rotation about the origin through 180.
The matrices A and B are defined by

"
#
2
4
A
,
1 3
(b)
(i)
Calculate the matrix AB .
(1 mark)
"
B
2 1
4 3
(2 marks)
(ii) Show that A B2 kI , where I is the identity matrix, for some integer k.
(3 marks)
Describe the single geometrical transformation, or combination of two geometrical
transformations, represented by each of the following matrices:
(c)
(i)
A B;
(2 marks)
(ii) A B2 ;
(2 marks)
(iii) A B4 .
(2 marks)
P38265/Jan11/MFP1
Find the general solution of the equation

2p
1
sin 4x

3
2
(6 marks)
It is given that z1 2 i .
5 (a)
(i)
Calculate the value of z1 2 , giving your answer in the form a b i .
(2 marks)
(ii) Hence verify that z1 is a root of the equation
z 2 z* 1 0
4
(2 marks)
(b)
Show that z2 2 i also satisfies the equation in part (a)(ii).
(2 marks)
(c)
Show that the equation in part (a)(ii) has two equal real roots.
(2 marks)
Turn over
P38265/Jan11/MFP1
The diagram shows a circle C and a line L, which is the tangent to C at the
point 1, 1. The equations of C and L are
x 2 y 2 2 and
xy2
respectively.
y
L
C
~
The circle C is now transformed by a stretch with scale factor 2 parallel to the
x-axis. The image of C under this stretch is an ellipse E.
(a)
On the diagram below, sketch the ellipse E, indicating the coordinates of the points
where it intersects the coordinate axes.
(4 marks)
(b)
Find equations of:

(i)
the ellipse E ;
(2 marks)
(ii) the tangent to E at the point 2, 1.
(2 marks)
y
P38265/Jan11/MFP1
A graph has equation
x4
y 2
x 9
(a)
Explain why the graph has no vertical asymptote and give the equation of the
horizontal asymptote.
(2 marks)
(b)
Show that, if the line y k intersects the graph, the x-coordinates of the points of
intersection of the line with the graph must satisfy the equation
kx 2 x 9k 4 0
1
(2 marks)
1
(c)
Show that this equation has real roots if 2 4 k 4 18 .
(d)
Hence find the coordinates of the two stationary points on the curve.
(5 marks)
(No credit will be given for methods involving differentiation.)
(6 marks)
The equation
8 (a)
x 3 2x 2 x 100 000 0
has one real root. Taking x1 50 as a first approximation to this root, use the
Newton-Raphson method to find a second approximation, x2 , to the root. (3 marks)
(b) (i)
Given that Sn
n
P
r3r 1 , use the formulae for
r1
n
n
P
P
r 2 and
r to show that
r1
Sn nn 12
r1
(5 marks)
(ii) The lowest integer n for which Sn > 100 000 is denoted by N .
Show that
N 3 2N 2 N 100 000 > 0
(c)
Find the value of N , justifying your answer.
(1 mark)
(3 marks)
P38265/Jan11/MFP1
Mark Scheme General Certificate of Education (A-level) Mathematics Further Pure 1 January 2011
MFP1
Q
Solution
1(a) + = 6, = 18
2
(b) Sum of new roots = 6 2(18) = 0

Product = 182 = 324
Equation x2 + 324 = 0
Marks
Total
B1B1
M1A1F
B1F
A1F
(c) 2 and 2 are 18i
B1
Total
2(a)
2x
dx = x 2 (+ c)
dx = p 2 q 2
M1A1
A1F
ft wrong value(s) in (a)

ditto
= 0 needed here;
ft wrong value(s) for sum/product
1
7
M1 for correct index
2x
Comments
OE; ft wrong coefficient of x2
ft wrong coefficient of x2
or reversal of limits
(b)(i) As p 0, p2 , so no value
B1
(ii) As q , q 0, so value is
M1A1F
Total
0 1
1 0
1 0
0 1
6
B1
B1
M1A1
B1F
ft if cs (A + B)2 is of the form kI
B2, 1
OE
(ii) Rotation 180, enlargement SF 25
B2, 1F
Accept enlargement SF 25;

ft wrong value of k
(iii) Enlargement SF 625
B2, 1F
2
13
B1 for pure enlargement; ft ditto
3(a)(i)
(ii)
(b)(i)
(ii)
20 14
AB =
14 10
0 5
A+B =
5 0
0
25
( A + B) 2 =
25
0
B1
B1
... = 25I
(c)(i) Rotn 90 clockwise, enlargemt SF 5
sin(
Total
)=
sin( ) = 12
1
2
B1
OE; dec/deg penalised at 6th mark
B1F
OE; ft wrong first value
M1
(or n) at any stage
to x
m1
including division of all terms by 4
+ 12 n or x = 24 + 12 n
A1A1
5
6
Use of 2n
Going from 4 x
GS x =
2
3
Total
6
6
OE
MFP1(cont)
Q
5(a)(i) z1 2 =
Solution
2
i+i = i
(ii) LHS = 34 i + 12 + i + 14 = 0
1
4
3
4
(b) LHS = 34 + i + 12 i +
1
4
=0
(c) z real z* = z
Discrt zero or correct factorisation
Marks
M1A1
Total
2
M1A1
AG; M1 for z* correct
M1A1
AG; M1 for z 2 correct

Clearly stated
AG
M1
A1
Total
6(a) Sketch of ellipse
2
8
M1
Correct relationship to circle
)(
Coords 2 2 , 0 , 0, 2
Comments
M1 for use of i = 1
2
centred at origin
A1
B2,1
8 for 2 2 ;
B1 for any 2 of x = 2 2 , y = 2
Accept
allow B1 if all correct except for use of

decimals (at least one DP)
(b)(i) Replacing x by
x
2
M1
( 2x )2 + y 2 = 2
or by 2x
A1
OE
+y=2
M1A1
M1 for complete valid method
Total
7(a) Denom never zero, so no vert asymp
E1
E is
(ii) Tangent is
x
2
Horizontal asymptote is y = 0
2
(b) x 4 = k(x + 9)
Hence result clearly shown
2
(c) Real roots if b 4ac 0

Discriminant = 1 4k(9k + 4)
... = (36k2 + 16k 1)
... = (18k 1)(2k + 1)
Result (AG) clearly justified
(d)
8
B1
M1
A1
E1
M1
m1
m1
A1
k = 12 12 x 2 x 12 = 0
M1A1
... ( x + 1) 2 = 0 x = 1
A1
k=
1
18
1
18
x x+ =0
... ( x 9) 2 = 0 x = 9
SPs are ( 1,
PI (at any stage)
m1 for expansion
m1 for correct factorisation
eg by sketch or sign diagram
or equivalent using k =
A1
9
2
1
2
AG
A1
A1
) , (9, )
1
18
Total
6
15
correctly paired
1
18
MFP1(cont)
Q
8(a)
Solution
50 + 2(502 ) + 50 100 000
x2 = 50
3(502 ) + 4(50) + 1
3
x2 46.1
8(b)(i) r(3r + 1) = 3r2 + r
... = 3( n )(n + 1)(2n + 1) + n(n + 1)

... = 12 n(n + 1)(2n + 1 + 1)
1
6
1
2
... = n(n + 1) convincingly shown
Marks
B1
B1
Total
B1
M1
m1
Comments
For numerator (PI by value 30050)
For denominator (PI by value 7701)
Allow AWRT 46.1
correct formulae substituted
m1m1
m1 for each factor (n and n + 1)
A1
AG
B1
and conclusion drawn (AG)
(c) Attempt at value of S46

Attempt at value of S45
S45 < 100000 < S46 , so N = 46
M1
m1
A1
Alternative method
Root of equation in (a) is 45.8
So lowest integer value is 46
(B3)
(ii) Correct expansion of n(n + 1)
Allow AWRT 45.7 or 45.8

Total
TOTAL
12
75

Question 1:
a ) x 2 6 x + 18 =
0 has roots and
=
=
d 18
a ) + 6 an
b) 2 + 2 = ( + ) 2 2 = 62 2 18 = 0
2
2
=
2 =
(=
) 2 18
324
0
An equation with roots 2 and 2 is x 2 + 324 =
c) x 2 = 324 = (18i ) 2
so 2 = 18i and 2 = 18i
Most candidates started the paper in

confident fashion, earning the first six
marks with apparent ease, though
some lost the sixth mark through failing
to write = 0 to complete their
equation in part (b). Relatively few
candidates realised that they were
being tested on their knowledge of
complex numbers in part (c), and even
those who did sometimes failed to
obtain the one mark on offer by
misidentifying the two correct roots of
their equation.
Question 2:
q
2
1
1
3
2 q
=
=
=
q 2 + p 2 =2 2
2
dx
x
dx
x
3
p
p x
p
p q
2 2
1
b) i ) When p 0, 2 , so 3 dx has no value
0 x
p
2
1
1
ii ) When q , 2 0 so 3 dx =
2
4
q
x
a)
This question again provided a good

number of marks for the vast majority
of candidates, who showed an
adequate knowledge of integration, but
in an unexpectedly large number of
cases sign errors were made in part (a),
causing the letters p and q to be
interchanged. In part (b), most
candidates were able to identify
correctly which integral had the finite
value.
Question 3:
Cos 270 Sin 270

a ) i ) 90o clockwise = 270o anticlockwise :
Sin 270 Cos 270

0 1
=
1 0
Cos180 Sin180 1 0
ii ) Rotation 180o :
=
Sin180 Cos180 0 1
2 4 2 1 20 14
b)i ) AB =
1 3 4 3 14 10
0 5 0
ii ) ( A + B ) 2 =
5 0 5
0 5
0
5
c) i ) A=
+B =
5 0
1
5 25 0
=
= 25 I
0 0 25
1
0
represents the rotation 90o anticlockwise followed

by an enlargement scale factor 5
1 0
25 I =
25
ii ) ( A + B ) 2 =
0 1
represents the rotation 180o followed
by an enlargement scale factor 25
iii ) ( A + B ) 4 = 25 I 25 I = 625 I
represents an enlargement scale factor 625
Like the preceding questions, this one

produced a good opportunity for most
candidates to score high marks. The
first two marks were sometimes lost
because the candidate failed to provide
numerical values for the sines and
cosines in their matrices. Also the first
matrix was often that of a 90
anticlockwise rotation, rather than a
clockwise one as required. Most
candidates earned two marks in part
(b)(i), relatively few finding BA instead
of AB. Full marks were very common in
part (b)(ii). The geometrical
interpretations asked for in part (c)
were mostly correct, though some
floundered somewhat in the first part.
In part (c)(ii), the answer enlargement
with scale-factor 25 was acceptable,
and very common.
Question 4:
2
Sin 4 x
3
so

Sin
=
=
2
6
2
4x
=
+ k 2 or
3
6
4 x=
+ k 2
or
x=
or
+k
8
2
Question 5:
1
z1=
i
2
+ + k 2
=
3
6
11
4x
=
+ k 2
6
11
x=
k
+k
24
2
4x
As mentioned above, there was a

pleasing improvement in the way
candidates approached this
trigonometrical equation, in contrast to
what has been seen over the years.
Marks were lost, however, by a failure
in many cases to find a correct second
particular solution before the general
term was added in. The fact that the
sine of the angle in the equation was
negative clearly made this task a little
harder than usual.
3
1 1
i ) z = i = i + i 2 = i (i 2 =1)
4
4
2
1 3 1 1
2 1
0
ii ) z 2 + z * + =
i+ +i+ =
+ =
4 4 2 4
4 2
1
0
z is a solution to the equation z 2 + z * + =
4
1
b) z2 = + i = z *
2
(we are going to use the property: (u + v)* =u * + v* )
2
1
*
*
1
1
1
z 2 ) + ( z * ) + = z 2 + z * + = 0* = 0
=
(
4
4
4
1
z * is also a solution to the equation z 2 + z * + =
0
4
c) If z is real then z* = z and
1
the equation become z 2 + z + =
0
4
1
( z + )2 = 0
2
1
z = is a real repeated root
2
Question 6:
2
x2 + y 2 =
2
x+ y =
( z* ) + ( z* ) +
2
a ) The circle crosses the axes at (0, 2) , (0,- 2) , ( 2,0) , (- 2, 0)

therefore
The ellipse crosses the axes at (0, 2) , (0,- 2) , (2 2,0) , (-2 2, 0)
2
1
2
b) i ) The equation of the ellipse is : x + y 2 =
2
x2
+ y2 = 2
4
ii ) The point of contact and the tangent are
affected by the same tranformation
The equation of the new tangent at (2,1) is
x
+y=
2
2
The first six marks in this question were

obtained with apparent ease in the
great majority of scripts. Part (c) usually
produced no further marks as the
candidates omitted the star from z*
without explaining why this was
legitimate. Many candidates seemed to
treat the given equation as a quadratic,
despite the fact that two roots had
already been found and two more were
now being asked for.
In part (a) of this question, most candidates

managed to draw an acceptable attempt at
an ellipse touching the given circle in the
appropriate places. Occasionally the stretch
would be applied parallel to the y-axis rather
than the x-axis. The required coordinates
were indicated with various levels of
accuracy, sometimes appearing as integers,
sometimes with minus signs omitted.
In part (b), the most successful candidates
were often the ones who wrote the least
all that was needed was to replace x by x/2 in
each of the two given equations. Many
candidates answered part (b)(i) concisely and
correctly but then went into a variety of long
methods to find the equation of the tangent
in part (b)(ii). Some used implicit
differentiation and were usually successful.
Others used chain-rule differentiation and
usually made errors. Yet others embarked on
a very complicated piece of work based on
quadratic theory and using a general gradient
m. This must have consumed a large amount
of time and was
l
bl
f l
Question 7:
x4
x2 + 9
a ) For all x, x 2 + 9 > 0 so there is no vertical asymptote.
1 4
x 4 x x2
=
0
y =
x
x2 + 9 1 + 9
x2
b) y = k intersects the curve so the x-coordinate
y=
of the point of intersection

x4
satisfies ( y= ) k= 2
x +9
2
k ( x + 9) =x 4
kx 2 x + 9k + 4 =
0
Part (b) was absolutely straightforward

and afforded two easy marks to almost
all the candidates.
( Eq )
c) The equation has real roots when the discriminant is 0

(-1) 2 4 k (9k + 4) 0
1 36k 2 16k 0
36k 2 + 16k 1 0
(18k 1)(2k + 1) 0
Draw a sketch to support your answer
1
1
k
18
2
1
1
d ) When k = or , the discriminant is 0
2 18
and the equation has two equal roots
which means that the line y = k is tangent the curve,
corresponding to a maximum or
minimum value of y (a stationary point)

1
1
1
0
if k = , ( Eq ) becomes x 2 x =
2
2
2
x2 + 2x + 1 =
0
( x + 1) 2 =
0
if k
1
x=
1
One stationary point is (1, )
2
1
1 2
9
=
x x+
, ( Eq ) becomes
0
18
18
2
x 2 18 x + 81 =
0
( x =
9) 2 0
Part (a) of this question was not always

answered as well as expected. Many
candidates gave a good explanation for
the absence of a vertical asymptote but
omitted to attempt the equation of the
horizontal asymptote. When both parts
were answered, the attempts were
usually successful, but an equation y = 1
instead of y = 0 was quite common.
=
x 9
1
Another stationary point is (9, )
18
Part (c) involved inequalities, and while

most candidates were familiar with the
need to work on the discriminant at this
stage, many lost a mark through not
clearly and correctly stating the
condition for real roots; another mark
was lost when the candidate, having
legitimately obtained the two critical
values, failed to justify the inequalities
in the final answer. Again, a sign error
in the manipulation of the discriminant
often spoiled the attempt to find the
two critical values.
It was good to see many candidates
gaining full credit in part (d) even when
they had struggled unsuccessfully in
part (c). The majority of candidates had
clearly practised their techniques in this
type of question. Sometimes the finding
of the y-values required an
unwarranted amount of effort, since
they were known from the outset, and
some candidates lost the final mark
because of a failure to give the correct
y-coordinates.
Question 8:
a ) f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + x 100000 = 0 has one real root.

If x1 = 50is an approximation of the root
then x2= x1
f ( x1 )
is a better approx.
f '( x1 )
f ( x1 )= 503 + 2 502 + 50 100000= 30050

f '( x) = 3 x 2 + 4 x + 1
f '( x1 ) = 3 502 + 4 50 + 1 = 7701
so x=
50
2
b)=
Sn
1) 3r
r (3r +=
=r 1
=r 1
30050
= 46.1 to 1 D.P
7701
n
=
+ r 3 r + r
2
=r 1 =r 1
1
1
S n =3 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) + n(n + 1)
6
2
1
1
1]
n(n + 1)(2n + 2)
= n(n + 1) [ 2n + 1 + =
= n(n + 1) 2
2
2
ii ) N ( N + 1) 2 > 100000
N ( N 2 + 2 N + 1) > 100000
N 3 + 2 N 2 + N 100000 > 0
c) According to part a ) , an approximation of the root is 46.1
Let try N=45 then N 3 + 2 N 2 + N 100000 =
4780
N
1614
N = 46 then N 3 + 2 N 2 + N 100000 =
46 is the lowest interger so that SN > 100000
Grade boundaries
Most candidates applied the Newton

Raphson method correctly in part (a) of
this question and obtained a correct
value. They then proceeded in many
cases to prove the result given in part
(b)(i), often by expanding fully before
attempting to find the factorised form.
Luckily in this case it was not very hard
to obtain the factors from the
expanded form, particularly as the
answer was given. Some candidates,
however, lost credit through not
showing steps at the end, which they
may have thought unnecessary as the
answer was obvious, but this
overlooked the importance of good
examination technique when the
answer is printed on the question
paper. For a similar reason, some
candidates lost the one mark available
in part (b)(ii), no doubt thinking that the
result was obvious and not writing
enough steps.
Part (c) required an awareness that N
must be an integer, and also that the
answer to part (a) was not necessarily
an accurate guide to the root of the
equation given there. Many candidates
did a lot of work to find that root more
accurately, or indeed quoted the value
found on a calculator (45.75), but failed
to draw a correct conclusion about the
value of N. A more successful approach,
in general, was to evaluate the lefthand side of the inequality for N = 46
and then for N = 45, thus showing that
the former value was the lowest integer
for which the inequality was satisfied.

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AQA Further pure maths 1

17th May 2013 am

Term 2: Monday 31 October 2011 Friday

Term 5: Monday 16 April 2012 Friday 1

Term 3: Tuesday 3 January 2012- Friday 10

Term 6: Monday 11 June 2012 Thursday

Scheme of Assessment Further Mathematics

Further pure 1 subject content

Algebra and Graphs

Further pure 1 specifications

ALGEBRA AND GRAPHS

Sketching the graphs.

Sketching the graphs.

Complex conjugates - awareness that non-real roots of quadratic equations

Including solving equations

ROOTS AND COEFFICENTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

Forming an equation with roots 3 , 3 or

E.g. Find a polynomial expression for r 2 (r + 1) or

Reducing a relation to a linear law.

The equation will be given as y = f ( x),

Graphical illustration of these methods.

Transformations will be restricted to rotations about the origin,

The formulae booklet

Algebra and Graphs

ALGEBRA AND GRAPHS

Roots and Coefficients of a quadratic equation

Matrices and transformations

General Certificate of Education

For this paper you must have:

Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Answer all questions.

(a) Show that the equation

has a root between 0.5 and 1.

3 Find the general solution, in degrees, for the equation

4 A curve has equation

(b) Sketch the curve and the two asymptotes.

(c) Solve the inequality

i is a root of the equation

where z is the conjugate of z.

(b) The quadratic equation

(i) Write down the other root of the equation.

(iii) Hence state the values of p and q.

(a) Complete the table in Figure 1, showing values of X and Y , where

(c) Draw on Figure 2 a linear graph relating X and Y .

(d) Find an estimate for the value of n.

Turn over for the next question

(a) The transformation T is defined by the matrix A, where

(ii) Calculate the matrix product A2 .

(iii) Explain briefly why the transformation T followed by T is the identity

(b) The matrix B is defined by

8 A curve has equation y 2 12x .

AQA GCE Mark Scheme, 2006 January series MFP1

Change of sign, so root between

(b) Complete line interpolation method

Use of sin 130 = sin 50

Tending to infinity clearly implied

SC Only one branch:

M1 for partially correct method

5 5 = 5 must be used Accept not