Guidelines for Formating Dissertation

(Version 4.4)

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Guidelines for Formating Dissertation

Dissertation submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy
in

Computer Science and Engineering

by

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

(Roll Number: AyyPQwxyz)

based on research carried

out under the supervision of
Prof. Prana Krushna Parija
and
Prof. Homi Jehangir Bhabha

April, 2016

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

April 20, 2016

Certificate of Examination
Roll Number: AyyPQwxyz
Name: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
Title of Dissertation: Guidelines for Formating Dissertation
We the below signed, after checking the dissertation mentioned above and the official
record book (s) of the student, hereby state our approval of the dissertation submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
Department of Computer Science and Engineeringat National Institute of Technology
Rourkela. We are satisfied with the volume, quality, correctness, and originality of the
work.

Homi Jehangir Bhabha

Prana Krushna Parija

Co-Supervisor

Principal Supervisor

Carl Friedrich Gauss

Isaac Newton

Member, DSC

Member, DSC

Dennis Ritchie

Niels Bohr

Member, DSC

External Examiner

Aryabhata

Varahamihira

Chairperson, DSC

Head of the Department

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Prof. Prana Krushna Parija
Professor

Prof. Homi Jehangir Bhabha

Associate Professor

April 20, 2016

Supervisors Certificate

This is to certify that the work presented in the dissertation entitled Guidelines for
Formating Dissertation submitted by Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, Roll
Number AyyPQwxyz, is a record of original research carried out by him under our
supervision and guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Neither this
dissertation nor any part of it has been submitted earlier for any degree or diploma to
any institute or university in India or abroad.

Homi Jehangir Bhabha

Prana Krushna Parija

Associate Professor

Professor

Dedication
You may dedicate your dissertation in this page.
Dedication should be no more than one page.
You may choose your preferred font and size.

Signature

Include this page in the pretext page count,

but do not place a page number on it.

Declaration of Originality
I, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, Roll Number AyyPQwxyz hereby declare that
this dissertation entitled Guidelines for Formating Dissertation presents my original work
carried out as a doctoral student of NIT Rourkela and, to the best of my knowledge,
contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor any material
presented by me for the award of any degree or diploma of NIT Rourkela or any other
institution. Any contribution made to this research by others, with whom I have worked at
NIT Rourkela or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the dissertation. Works of other
authors cited in this dissertation have been duly acknowledged under the sections
Reference or Bibliography. I have also submitted my original research records to the
scrutiny committee for evaluation of my dissertation.
I am fully aware that in case of any non-compliance detected in future, the Senate of
NIT Rourkela may withdraw the degree awarded to me on the basis of the present
dissertation.

April 20,
2016 NIT
Rourkela

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

Acknowledgment
This section shows the essence of the students journey during the course of the research
work and the role of other individuals in shaping his/her academic life. Acknowledgments
are non-consequential in that a student is not evaluated on them. An acknowledgment has
typically three sections
Reflection: Narration of the students journey through his/her research career.
Thanking: Expression of gratitude to those who have helped in the students journey.
Announcement: Accepting responsibility for the work and/or dedication of the
dissertation to someone. This in fact is a repeat of declaration and dedication pages.

April 20,
2016 NIT
Rourkela

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

Roll Number: AyyPQwxyz

Abstract
Write the abstract of the dissertation followed by 3 to 7 keywords or phrases. An abstract
is a micro dissertation. Both the dissertation and abstract should answer the following few
questions
What was done?
Why was it done?
How was it done?
What was found?
What is the significance of the findings?
In the abstract section, one should answer the above questions in short paragraphs. The
total length of the abstract should typically be limited to two pages.
Mention 3 to 7 keywords, phrases, or index terms in bold-italics separated by
semicolons. These words should be carefully chosen in a manner that they convey
sufficient information on what the dissertation is all about. These words help other
researchers to search and find your work.
Keywords: KW1; KW2; KW3; KW4; KW5.

Contents
Certificate of Examination

ii

Supervisors Certificate

iii

Dedication

iv

Declaration of Originality

Acknowledgment

vi

Abstract

vii

List of Figures

ix

List of Tables

1 Introduction
1.1 Dissertation Arrangement .
1.2 Authors Official Name . .
1.3 Dissertation Layout . . . .
1.4 Chapters . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Compilation using LATEX

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2 Some Unstructured Advice on Dissertation Writing

10
2.1 Units.....................................................................................................................10
2.2 Significant figures................................................................................................11
2.3 Grammar...............................................................................................................11
2.4 Literature Review.................................................................................................12
2.5 Materials and Methods.........................................................................................12
2.6 Completeness and Transparency..........................................................................12
3 Conclusion

13

References

14

Dissemination

15

Index

16
8

List of Figures
1.1

Cover page and spine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2

Page size and margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3

Files and folders in NITRdissertationTemplateV4_4 . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Tables
1.1

Font sizes to be used in the dissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 1

Introduction

A treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research is one of the compulsory
requirements of an academic degree of NIT Rourkela. Undergraduate students submit a
project report in support of their candidature for B.Tech. degree. Similarly, Masters
students submit theses, and doctoral students submit dissertations. Unless otherwise stated
explicitly, henceforth in this document the word dissertation will be used as a synonym
for report and thesis.
This document is intended to provide a guideline to students in the preparation of their
dissertations. A dissertation is expected to have ethical standards and uniform format with
readability. NITR will accept dissertation only in pdf format, which should be uploaded
directly to the NITR dissertation submission web page for approval by supervisor.
Templates to assist in formatting dissertation in LATEX is available in Academic ->
Dissertation
Template at the URL http://nitris.nitrkl.ac.in.

1.1

Dissertation Arrangement

Each dissertation must be arranged in the following serial order. Optional pages may not
be included.
i. Cover Page
The cover page comprises the dissertation title, authors name, and institutional
details. This page is excluded from page number counter. A sample cover page
design and spine design is shown in Figure 1.1.
ii. Title Page
The title page includes the title of the dissertation followed by submission monthyear, department, degree, authors name, and supervisors names. Include this page
in the pre-text page count, but do not place a page number on it. The top margin on
this page shall be 60mm. [Sample Included]
iii. Certificate of Examination
Include this page in the pre-text page count, but do not place a page number on it. If
1

Chapter 1

Introduction

the Chairperson of the DSC is the HoD then he will sign twice. The top margin on
this page shall be 60mm. [Sample Included]
iv. Supervisors Certificate
Two samples are given; Appropriate sample may be used depending on the number
of supervisors. Include this page in the pre-text page count, but do not place a page
number
Ph.D. on it. The top margin on this page shall be 60mm. [Samples Included]
Dissertation

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Guidelines for Formating Dissertation

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Figure 1.1: Cover page and spine.

2016

Chapter 1

Introduction

v. Dedication [Optional]
This dedication page should be limited to one page. The author may choose his/her
preferred font and size. Include this page in the pre-text page count, but do not place
a page number on it. The top margin on this page shall be 60mm.
vi. Declaration of Originality
The student is expected to declare that the work and ideas in his/her dissertation are
all his/her own and original. Include this page in the pre-text page count, but do not
place a page number on it. A sample declaration is included. The top margin on this
page shall be 60mm. [Sample Included]
vii. Acknowledgment [Optional]
Include this page in the pre-text page count, but do not place a page number on it.
The top margin on this page shall be 60mm.
viii. Abstract
Abstract followed by three to seven keywords/phrases should be written in this
section in no more than two pages. One may follow single line spacing in this
section. Include this page in the pre-text page count, but do not place a page
number on it. The top margin on this page shall be 60mm.
ix. Contents
Begin placing the page numbers at the bottom of this page, counting all preceding
pages except the cover page. This counting should continue up to the page
preceding the first page of the first chapter. Numbers should be in lower case Roman
numerals. Page numbers are centered 15mm from the bottom of the page. The
content pages should be generated automatically with the aid of software used
for dissertation preparation. [Sample Included]
x. List of Figures [Optional]
This section should be generated automatically with the aid of software used for
dissertation preparation. Continue the page numbering with lower case Roman
numerals and place it 15mm from the bottom of the page. [Sample Included]
xi. List of Tables [Optional]
This section should be generated automatically with the aid of software used for
dissertation preparation. Continue the page numbering with lower case Roman
numerals and place it 15mm from the bottom of the page. [Sample Included]
xii. List of Algorithms [Optional]
This section should be generated automatically with the aid of software used for
dissertation preparation. Continue the page numbering with lowercase Roman
numerals. [Sample Included]

Chapter 1

Introduction

xiii.
List of Abbreviations [Optional]
Continue the page numbering with lower case Roman numerals.
xiv.
List of Symbols [Optional]
Continue the page numbering with lower case Roman numerals. Use separate lists
for main, Greek symbols, subscripts, and superscripts.
xv.
Chapters
All pages from the first page of the first chapter through the Vita should be
numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals, beginning with numeral 1. [Samples
Included]
xvi.
Appendix [Optional]
Continue page numbering with Arabic numerals.
xvii.
References
References may be in one of the two commonly used styles: (a) numbered in
sequence following the order of appearance, or (b) author and year of publication
arranged alphabetically, depicting on the style used in the dominant journal in your
field.
Please give names of ALL authors, surname first, title, name of journal, volume
(bold), page numbers (start - end), and year of publication. Do not use et al in this
section. You may use et al. while referring to article in the main text.
This section should be generated automatically with the aid of software used
for dissertation preparation. There should be only one Reference section in a
dissertation and should be placed after the Conclusion Chapter and before
Appendices, if any. Continue page numbering with Arabic numerals. [Sample
Included]
xviii.
Bibliography [Optional]
A student may add a Bibliography section to present an exhaustive list of
literature on the subject of the thesis. It is neither mandatory nor is encouraged.
Articles mentioned here need not be cited in the main text. Documents given in
Reference section may or may not be repeated in the bibliography.
xix.
Dissemination [Optional]
There should be only one dissemination section in a dissertation and should be
placed after the Reference section (or the Bibliography section, if there is one).
Continue page numbering with Arabic numerals. [Sample Included]
xx.

Index [Optional]

An index page comprises an alphabetical listing of some words or phrases along

with the page numbers where they are discussed. Continue page numbering with
Arabic numerals. [Sample Included]

Chapter 1

1.2

Introduction

Authors Official Name

Students must represent their full name as it is officially recorded at NIT Rourkela. The
sequence to be followed is First Name, Middle Name, and Last Name. This official name
must be used in the dissertation. This name will appear in the degree certificate. It is
mandatory that this name should be same as that in Class X certificate. If there is a
difference for any valid reason, please seek permission of Dean (Ac) before submitting
dissertation.

1.3

Dissertation Layout

Students are advised to adhere to following points while writing their dissertation.
a. Institute logo
It is a matter of pride to print the Institute logo in the dissertation. The printed logo
should be contained in a square of 25mm each side. Students are advised to use high
resolution logo. A logo is provided in the dissertation writing template.
b. Paper
Essentially the same quality paper should be used throughout the dissertation. Use
A4 size paper (210mm 297mm) of Executive Bond or comparable quality.
Paper used in dissertation printing should weigh 80gsm. However, 70 or 75 gsm
are also acceptable, but not thinner.
c. Margin
All pages of a dissertation should have a consistent margin of
31mm on the left edge,
25mm each on the right, top, and bottom edges.
Page numbers must be placed at least 15mm from the bottom of the page. A
pictorial representation of the page layout is shown in Figure 1.2.
d. Printing
The dissertation must be printed in black ink unless the content demands the use of
colours. Print on a single side of the paper is advisable.
e. Spacing
The dissertation should be 1.5-spaced. However, Table of Contents, footnotes,
graphs, tables, appendices, list of figures, list of tables, list of algorithms, references,
bibliography, and index should be written in single space. Two consecutive
paragraphs should be separated by double line spacing.

Chapter 1

Introduction
f

= Top Margin = 25

= Page Width =
210

= Page Height =
297

= Text Width = 154

= Head Height = 5

= Text Height = 247

= Foot Skip = 10

e= Left Margin = 31

= Head Separation = 5

All units are in mm.

Header

Body

Footer

Figure 1.2: Page size and margin.

Chapter 1

Introduction

f. Font
The entire dissertation must be written using only a single font including all the texts
inside graphs, figures, block diagrams, etc. While writing captions of tables and
figures, the font size should be decreased by one point. Similarly, the font size of
bibliography and index should also be lessened by a point. Students are advised to
use the following in the body text
serif fonts like Times New Roman (TNR) of size 12pt
or
sans-serif fonts like Arial of size 11pt.
Needless to say that the use of font should be uniform throughout. Headings, Titles
etc. should use fonts as given below in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1: Font sizes to be used in the dissertation
Arial
TNR
Item
Justificatio
n
11 normal
12 normal
Main Text
Justified
11 bold
12 bold
Sub-sub Heading
Left
Sub Heading

13 bold

14 bold

Left

Heading#

16 bold

17 bold

Left

Chapter Title

22 bold

24 bold

Center

Chapter Number

16 bold

17 bold

Left

Add serial number with one decimal place.

g. Table and Figure

All tables, figures, and other such illustrations referenced in the text should be
numbered for unique identification. The number format should be p.q with p
signifying the chapter number where the illustration appears and q denoting the
serial number of that illustration in the chapter p. The serial number should be set to
1 at the beginning of a new chapter. A table caption should be placed at the top of
the table, and a figure caption should be placed at the bottom of the figure. The
caption should follow the unique number p.q. The size of the font in the caption of
tables and figures should be one less than the text font size.
h. References
References should be treated as the last chapter and placed at the end of the
dissertation. It should not be numbered like other chapters. Texts within the
references should have single spacing. The size of the font may be reduced by a
point or two. Journal article [1, 2], Patent [3, 4], book [5, 6], conference article

[7, 8], online resource [9, 10], Ph.D. dissertation [11, 12] are usually referred in
the text. Some

samples of various bibliographic styles are included in this guideline for illustration.
You are advised to follow one reference format of any dominant journal of your field.

1.4

Chapters

In the text of the dissertation, each chapter should begin on a fresh page. They should also
be designated in the Table of Contents along with other major sections of each chapter.
The page numbers listed on the Table of Contents must correlate with the beginning of
each section or chapter. All texts should be written with 1.5-spacing. Each chapter should
begin with a chapter number in Arabic numerals (font size: Times New Roman 17 points
or Arial 16 points, Bold) followed by the chapter title in bold face of size 24 points in
Times New Roman font or 22 points in Arial font.
The first level section should have number of format a.b, where the number a is an
Arabic number denoting the chapter number and b is also an Arabic number starting
from 1 and counting up for each section. For example 3.1, 4.2, or 1.5, etc. The section
title should follow the section number. Both the title and number should be in the bold
face of size 17 points in Times New Roman font or 16 points in Arial font.
The second level section should have number of format a.b.c, where c is an Arabic
number. For example 3.1.1, 4.2.1, or 1.5.2 etc. The sub-section title in bold letters should
follow the number in bold. The font size should be 14 points Times New Roman or 13
points Arial. Except when it is commonly followed in your field, it is suggested not to
give serial number beyond a.b stage, i.e. serializing like a.b.c is discouraged.
The third level section should have no number. The sub-sub-section title should be in
bold letters. The font size should be 12 points Times New Roman or 11 points Arial.

1.5

Compilation using LATEX

The requisite templates to assist in formatting dissertation in LATEX can be

downloaded from http://nitris.nitrkl.ac.in (goto Academic -> Dissertation
Template). The folder NITRdissertationTemplateVx_y contains a number of file and
sub folders as shown below in Figure 1.3. Fill in the details in FrontPages.tex. Compile
your
dissertation
with
the
following
commands
to
generate
DissertationGuidelinesV4_3.pdf, or with your preferred integrated development
environment (IDE).
>xelatex DissertationGuidelinesV4_3.tex
>bibtex DissertationGuidelinesV4_3
>xelatex DissertationGuidelinesV4_3.tex
>xelatex DissertationGuidelinesV4_3.tex

Chapter 1

Introduction

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Figure 1.3: Files and folders in NITRdissertationTemplateV4_4

Chapter 2

Some Unstructured Advice on

Dissertation Writing
Outside the domain of physical formatting and layout, this document does not intend to
foray into the contents of the dissertation to be written. That would influence contents and
stubble creativity. The following unstructured guidelines, however, may sometime prove
useful to the students and their guides, who are looking for a good model.

2.1

Units

Appropriate use of style and convention for units are very much essential to ensure the
scientific and technical communications not being inhibited by ambiguity. Authors may
find the following points very useful.
(a) Efforts should be made to use SI units where appropriate e.g. m, kg, s, K, A, V, Hz,
N (Newton), J (Joule), W(Watt), Pa (Pascal), Tesla etc. It is, however, sometimes
more appropriate to use common metric units such as km, mm, m, nm, bar
(pressure), mbar, MPa (Mega Pascal), C etc. Non-SI metric units should be
preferred when SI units lead to very high (e.g. > 1000) or very low (e.g. < 0.01)
figures. Common units should be used when dealing with direct experimental data.
(b) Non-metric units e.g. lb, ft, inch, F, esu, emu, psi should be religiously avoided.
Often an instrument or a data source gives data in British units. Those information
should be converted to corresponding SI (or non SI metric) units immediately on
citation from the original text.
(c) CGS units are sometimes appropriate depending on the field of work. But a
conscious effort is to be made to translate them to corresponding SI units for
example the unit g-mole or simply mole is common in chemistry; but chemical
engineers should use kmol ( for kilo-mole) and set Avogadro number to 6.023
1026 molecules per kmol instead of the figure 6.022 1023 molecules/gmole.
Units ESU and EMU may be avoided in all fields.

Chapter 2

Some Unstructured Advice on Dissertation Writing

(d) Certain scientific quantities have traditionally been associated with corresponding
units, e.g. cm1 for wave number, m, nm, for wave length; do not convert them
to SI. Between and nm, we should prefer nm except for wavelengths below 1 nm
or 10 . Air conditioning temperatures should be expressed in C and cryogenic
temperature in Kelvin. Vacuum pressures should be recorded in millibar (mb) in
preference to Torr.
(e) Please note that all units start with lower case letters except those named after
scientists. For example Watt (W), Joule (J), Kelvin (K), Ampere (A), Volt (V) start
with upper case letters (W, J, K, A, V) while gramme (g), metre (m), second (s) start
with lower case letters g, m, s.
(f) kilo, mega, milli are represented by k, M, m respectively.

2.2

Significant figures

While reporting experimental or computational information, authors often use too short or
excessively long numbers for the same quantity. Let us take an example. The area of a
circle with radius of 1 cm may be reported as 3, 3.14, or 3.14159265 cm2. All are correct,
but only one is appropriate, depending on the context.
The value of is 3.1415926536 . Depending on the control you or your
instrument has set in the excel file, calculator or computer program you will get different
results for the area of a circle for a given diameter. If your measured diameter is reported
as 2.0 cm, it is certainly > 1.95 and < 2.05 cm. If it is reported as 2.000 cm, it is between
1.9995 and 2.0005 cm. The former measurement is from a very rough ruler, while the
latter is from an extremely accurate instrument. The corresponding areas calculated
should be reported as
3.14 and 3.1416 cm2 respectively, bearing a little more precision than the original figures.

2.3

Grammar

Always ensure that your writing is based on correct grammar. Avoid very long sentences;
but if you do use them, please mentally go through a process of analysis, ensuring proper
division of the sentence to clauses and proper prepositions and conjunctions joining those
clauses.
Articles (a, an, the) are frequently misused in Indian writing. The article the is
usually over used. One simple test can correct many mistakes. We ask ourselves Does
the object in question appear first time in the text? If the answer is yes, then use of
the is most probably inappropriate. For example, the sentence The bananas are

yellow is incorrect. But the sentences: Barbie bought bananas from the market; the
bananas were yellow and Ripe Bananas are yellow in eastern India are correct.

2.4

Literature Review

The Literature Review is a very useful section of Indian theses. This section should cite
most of the publications in the field including all related past work done. Several common
mistakes found in recent theses from our country should be avoided.
Some theses reproduce, albeit using the authors own language, a large amount of text
book information. While for the sake of readability some basic ideas of the field may be
articulated, it is certainly improper to reproduce large sections of text books. A reader is
expected to have prior knowledge of the general field.
Authors sometimes summarise articles in serial order but neither bring out the link
between one article and its following one, nor bring out the relation the article in question
has with the main title of the thesis.

2.5

Materials and Methods

Experimental research in several research fields, particularly those dealing with material
science, food technology, biotechnology etc, invariably contain a chapter on Materials
and Methods which describe the instruments and chemicals used in the experiments,
plus the processing techniques. This chapter is usually irrelevant in theses in electrical
sciences and those relying on mathematical analysis. Use the practice followed in
dissertations of your field.

2.6

Completeness and Transparency

There is often an erroneous impression among research students that it is his duty,
privilege and right to protect the intellectual property which he has so painstakingly
produced. He sometimes makes a conscious effort to suppress details of his discoveries,
but more frequently he does not care to put in all relevant details of his analysis,
construction or experiment in the thesis. A future reader trying to build up on the work of
the author needs to reinvent all that the present author invented.
This goes against the philosophy of NIT Rourkela and of the scholastic spirit around
the world. A thesis from NIT Rourkela must contain all analyses and all steps of
experimentation that have gone into the work so that an intelligent researcher anywhere in
the world would find it useful to further his work.

Chapter 3

Conclusion

The conclusion is one of the most important chapters of the dissertation and often it is one
of the most badly written chapters.
The student is expected to make a clear and concise statement of the original
contributions made in the dissertation. The links between the key ideas spread across the
chapters should be briefed in this chapter. Leave a positive impression with the examiner.
One must remember not to claim those findings that have neither been proven nor
corroborated in the dissertation.

Scope for Further Research

This is not the end of the road. Narrate the way the research can be furthered.

References
[1] C. E. Shannon, A mathematical theory of communication, Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, no.
3, pp. 379 423, July 1948.
[2] D. Lowe, Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints, International Journal of
Computer Vision, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 91 110, February 2004.
[3] T. A. Edison, Manufacture of carbon filaments, November 1892, US Patent US485616A.
[4] M. V. Droogenbroeck and O. Barnich, Visual background extractor, August 2010, US Patent
US20100208998A1.
[5] A. K. Jain, Fundamentals of digital image processing. Prentice-Hall of India, 1989.
[6] V. N. Vapnik, The nature of statistical learning theory. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.
[7] K. Toyama, J. Krumm, B. Brumitt, and B. Meyers, Wallflower: Principles and practice of background
maintenance, in Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision, ser. ICCV - 1999,
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14

Dissemination
Journal Articles
1.
2.

Conference Presentations
1.
2.

Book Chapters
1.
2.

Index
abstract, 3
acknowledgment, 3
bibliography, 4
certificate
examination, 1
supervisor, 2
chapter, 4, 8
compilation, 8
contents, 3
cover page, 1
declaration of originality, 3
dedication, 3

doctoral, 1
figure, 7
font, 7
formatting, 1,
8
layout, 5
logo, 5
margin, 5
masters, 1
name, 5
originality, 3

paper, 5
printing, 5
black, 5
ink, 5
one side, 5
reference, 4, 7
spacing, 5
table, 7
template, 1, 8
title page, 1
undergraduate, 1