LEGIONARY DOCTRINE

The Legionary Doctrine (also called Legionarism) refers to the philosophy and beliefs presented
by the Legion of Michael the Archangel (also commonly known as the Iron Guard), the
Romanian Christian Nationalist organization founded by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, who is the
key figure in the creation of its doctrine. It is necessary to clarify what the members of the
Legionary Movement taught and believed due to the large amount misconceptions which occur
through lack of study or through media deception, as well as the mistaken assumption that the
Legionary Movement was largely an imitation of Fascism or National Socialism.
Precursors
In 1878 and 1879, after Romania had won its independence from the Ottoman Empire, the new
nation wanted to be recognized by other European powers. The Romanians could not achieve
this without signing the Treaty of Berlin, which forced them to grant citizenship to Jews, a
hostile and alien people, on Romanian land. Although the treaty was signed, certain significant
cultural and political figures in Romanian history spoke out against the Jews in order to warn
their nation that the Jews were culturally and economically harmful. These mens works from
1879 were significant intellectual sources from which the Legionary Movement received ideas
and knowledge involving the Jewish Problem and Christian nationalism. The most influential of
them were the following:
Vasile Conta (1845-1882) philosopher and politician
Vasile Alecsandri (1821-1890) diplomat and politician
Mihail Koglniceanu (1817-1891) statesman and historian
Mihail Eminescu (1850-1889) famous poet and journalist
Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu (1838-1907) historian and philologist
Costache Negri (1812-1876) politician
A.D. Xenopol (1847-1820) historian and economist
There were also more modern intellectuals, who had lived through the early 20th Century to see
the birth and growth of the Legionary Movement, who educated Codreanu and other Legionaries
with more knowledge about the Jewish Problem and gave them concepts involving national
mysticism, Orthodox mysticism, and economic practices. These men were:
A.C. Cuza (1857-1947) politician and professor of law and political economy
Nicolae Iorga (1871-1940) historian, professor of history, and politician
Nicolae Paulescu (1869-1931) physiologist, professor of medicine, and philosopher

 Ion Gavanescul (1859-1949) professor of pedagogy

Nichifor Crainic (1889-1972) professor of theology, theologian, and philosopher
To avoid misconceptions, it must be noted here that it is not implied here that the precursors of
the Legionary Movement agreed with Legionary doctrine on every point. For example, some of
them had different political attitudes; the Legion rejected republicanism while precursors such as
Eminescu supported the democratic system.
Anti-Semitism and the Jewish Problem
Some people today who follow the Legionary doctrine or admire the Legionaries assert that the
Legion was not anti-Semitic, that they only appeared to be because of a Jewish problem in
Romania. One of the major reasons for which they object to the term anti-Semitic is because of
a certain way by which that term is defined by Jews and philo-semites. Such groups define it as
an irrational hatred of all Jews, and in that case the Legionaries were not truly anti-Semitic, since
their hostility to the Jews was not irrational nor were they enemies with every Jew (it has been
pointed out that the Legion had a few Jewish supporters, although it should be remembered that
the majority of Jews were enemies of the Legion).
However, in the late 19th Century and early 20th Century the term anti-Semite was simply defined
as one who had hostility towards Jews and opposed their presence in ones nation. This is how
Cuza and other precursors, Corneliu Codreanu, and his successor Horia Sima defined it, and they
all had no qualms about calling themselves anti-Semitic. Codreanu freely stated in his major
book For My Legionares about his visit to Germany that I had many discussions with the
students at Berlin in 1922, who are certainly Hitlerites today, and I am proud to have been their
teacher in anti-Semitism, exporting to them the truths I learned in Iasi.
It should be noted, however, that while Codreanu had no problem with relating with the German
National Socialist movement (although he also correctly insisted that his Legion was entirely
independent of National Socialism), Horia Sima objected to any connection between the two
after World War II. In his 1967 book Istoria Micarii Legionare ("History of the Legionary
Movement") Sima wrote: The Legionary Movement, since its first manifestation, was the object
of all sorts of slander. One of the most common allegations by its countless internal and external
enemies was that the Legion was a 'branch of Nazism'. Such statements can be made as a result
of ignorance or bad faith. The anti-Semitism of the Legionary Movement has nothing in common
with German anti-Semitism. By taking a stand against the Jewish danger, a danger extremely
active and menacing in Romania, Corneliu Codreanu was simply continuing an almost century
old Romanian tradition.
It should also be emphasized that Legionary hostility to the Jews as an ethnic group was actually
rational, based not only on the scientific studies of the Jewish problem by intellectuals such as
Cuza, Paulescu, Iorga, Xenopol, et al. but also on real experiences and observations made by
many average Romanians. The Jewish problem was a vivid reality. Both intellectual observation
as well as common observation showed the people beyond any doubt that the majority of Jews

not only lived parasitically off of the labor of Romanian workers by their ownership of many
companies or financial activity, but also posed a threat to Romanian culture and tradition, which
they were damaging through their influence on mass media and certain government policies.
It is also worth noting that while Codreanu was first and foremost concerned with the Romanian
condition, he believed that an alliance between nations needed to be made to solve the Jewish
problem internationally. This is made clear by a statement in For My Legionaries, There, I
shared with my comrades an old thought of mine, that of going to Germany to continue my
studies in political economy while at the same time trying to realize my intention of carrying our
ideas and beliefs abroad. We realized very well, on the basis of our studies, that the Jewish
problem had an international character and the reaction therefore should have an international
scope; that a total solution of this problem could not be reached except through action by all
Christian nations awakened to the consciousness of the Jewish menace. The solution to the
Jewish problem was not to kill the Jews, as many dishonest people accuse Codreanu of wanting,
but to expel the Jews from Romania. This plan for deportation is plainly stated in The Nest
Leaders Manual, where he wrote Romania for Romanians and Palestine for the Jews.
Economics and Labor: Anti-Communism and Anti-Capitalism
When Codreanu first went to the University of Iasi in 1919, years before he created the Legion,
he discovered that most of the city and university were heavily influenced by Communist
political campaigns. The Romanian workers were experiencing terrible working conditions and
had very low wages, so they had been drawn to Communism by Marxist propagandists.
Professors and students at the University were also largely converted to Communism, and
Communist student meetings attacked the Romanian army, the Orthodox Church, the monarchy,
and other aspects of traditional Romanian life. It was this situation which drove Codreanu into a
heroic fight against Communism, finally leading a conservative group to completely crushing the
Communist movement. Codreanu, being a traditionalist, insisted on defending faith in God,
nationalism, the Crown, and private property.
On the other hand, Codreanu also believed in fighting the Capitalist system, which he realized
was an inherently exploitive system, which allowed corporations to exploit millions of workers.
In 1919, when forming the program of National Christian Socialism, he stated that It is not
enough to defeat Communism. We must also fight for the rights of the workers. They have a
right to bread and a fight to honor. We must fight against the oligarchic parties, creating national
workers organizations which can gain their rights within the framework of the state and not
against the state.
Later in 1935 he announced the creation of a new system which he hoped would be adopted by
the nation as a whole once the Legionary Movement took power: Legionary commerce signifies
a new phase in the history of commerce which has been stained by the Jewish spirit. It is called:
Christian commerce - based on the love of people and not on robbing them; commerce based on
honor. Essentially Codreanu was a Third Position socialist, supporting private property but at
the same time opposing the materialistic and money-centered system of capitalism. Another
important point of Codreanus ideas for Romania is that labor is something in which everyone
must be involved in. Laziness was a trait that should be, all over Romania, treated as a highly

negative vice. All Legionaries in some way did some kind of physical work, often to help lower
class Romanians in their own labor and problems. Codreanu wrote: The law of work: Work!
Work every day. Put your heart into it. Let your reward be, not gain, but the satisfaction that you
have laid another brick to the building of the Legion and the flourishing of Romania.
One issue which has often been brought up against Codreanu is the fact that he associates both
Capitalism and Communism with the Jews, as both of them were dominated by Jews in
Romania. He wrote, connecting Jewish Capitalists and Jewish Communists, But industrial
workers were vertiginously sliding toward Communism, being systematically fed the cult of
these ideas by the Jewish press, and generally by the entire Jewry of the cities. Every Jew,
merchant, intellectual or banker-capitalist, in his radius of activity, was an agent of these antiRomanian revolutionary ideas. Some of his opponents have objected to this connection by
arguing that it is ridiculous to say that Jewish company owners and bankers would support
Communists, who supposedly would destroy them upon a revolution, since they would want to
eliminate the capitalists. But it should be remembered that not all of the bourgeoisie were
exterminated in Communist revolutions across Europe. Sometimes, members of the bourgeoisie
who supported Communism before a revolution, which were oftentimes Jews, would be given a
place in the Communist system once the revolution was achieved.
Nation and Land
The Legionaries believed that nations were not merely products of history and geography, but
were created by God Himself and had a spiritual component to them. Codreanu wrote in For My
Legionaries, adopting the teachings of Nichifor Crainic, If Christian mysticism and its goal,
ecstasy, is the contact of man with god through a leap from human nature to divine nature,
national mysticism is nothing other than the contact of man and crowds with the soul of their
people through the leap which these forces make from the world of personal and material
interests into the outer world of nation. Not through the mind, since this any historian can do, but
by living with their soul.
A nation was also inseparable from the land on which it developed, to which the people grew a
spiritual connection with over time. Codreanu wrote of the Romanian people: We were born in
the mist of time on this land together with the oaks and fir trees. We are bound to it not only by
the bread and existence it furnishes us as we toil on it, but also by all the bones of our ancestors
who sleep in its ground. All our parents are here. All our memories, all our war-like glory, all our
history here, in this land lies buried Here... sleep the Romanians fallen there in battles, nobles
and peasants, as numerous as the leaves and blades of grass everywhere Romanian blood
flowed like rivers. In the middle of the night, in difficult times for our people, we hear the call of
the Romanian soil urging us to battle We are bound to this land by millions of tombs and
millions of unseen threads that only our soul feels
Finally, it must be noted that Codreanu also believed that every nation has a mission to fulfill in
the world and therefore that only the nations which betray their mission, given to them by God,
will disappear from the earth. To us Romanians, to our people, as to any other people in the
world, God has given a mission, a historic destiny, wrote Codreanu, The first law that a person
must follow is that of going on the path of this destiny, accomplishing its entrusted mission. Our

people has never laid down its arms or deserted its mission, no matter how difficult or lengthy
was its Golgotha Way. The aim of a nation, or its destiny in the world of spirit, was that it does
not simply live in the world but that it aims for resurrection through the teachings of Christ.
There will come a time when all the peoples of the earth shall be resurrected, with all their dead
and all their kings and emperors, each people having its place before God's throne. This final
moment is the noblest and most sublime one toward which a people can rise. It was for this
ideal that the Legion fought tirelessly against all obstacles, corrupt politicians, and alien peoples
such as the Jews which insisted on feeding off the Romanian people and land.
Religion and Culture
One aim of the Legionary Movement was the preservation and regeneration of Romanian culture
and customs. They knew that culture was the expression of national genius, its products the
unique creations of the members of a specific nation. Culture could have international influence,
but it was always national in origin. Therefore, the Liberal-Capitalist position that different
ethnic groups should be allowed to freely move into another groups nation, interfering with that
nations culture and development by their presence and influence, was incredibly wrong. Each
ethnic group has its own soul and produces and crystalizes its own form and style of culture. For
example, a Romanian cultural image could not be created from German essence any more than a
German cultural image could be created from Romanian essence.
Furthermore, religion was an important aspect in a peoples culture, oftentimes the origin of
many customs and traditions. The Legionaries believed that Christianity was not only a
significant part of their culture, but also that it was the religion which represented divine truth.
This is why in order to join the Legion of Michael the Archangel one had to be a Christian and
could not be of another religion or an atheist. With these principles clear, the Legion therefore
aimed for a Romanian nation made up of only ethnic Romanians and only Christians.
With this in mind, it becomes clear why Codreanu and many other Romanians felt that the
Jewish presence in their nation was so threatening. The Jews became influential in economics,
finance, newspapers, cinema, and even politics. Through this they even became powerful in the
field of culture, slowly changing Romanian customs and Romanian thinking, making it more
related to that of the Jews. Codreanu, as concerned about the problem as people such as Cuza
and Gavanescul, commented: Is it not frightening, that we, the Romanian people, no longer can
produce fruit? That we do not have a Romanian culture of our own, of our people, of our blood,
to shine in the world side by side with that of other peoples? That we be condemned today to
present ourselves before the world with products of Jewish essence? and Not only will the
Jews be incapable of creating Romanian culture, but they will falsify the one we have in order to
serve it to us poisoned.
Race
The reality of race was accepted by most Legionaries and Codreanu wrote of the importance of
keeping a nation racially cohesive. In For My Legionaries Codreanu quoted Contas racial
separatist arguments, which formed the basis of his own attitudes on race, and even compared
them to the German National Socialist view. He wrote: Consider the attitude our great Vasile

Conta held in the Chamber in 1879. Fifty years earlier the Romanian philosopher demonstrated
with unshakeable scientific arguments, framed in a system of impeccable logic, the soundness of
racial truths that must lie at the foundation of the national state; a theory adopted fifty years later
by the same Berlin which had imposed on us the granting of civil rights to the Jews in 1879.
However, it should be noted that at least a few Legionaries did not agree that race was important.
Ion Mota, in 1935 when he met with the NSDAP in Germany, criticized the National Socialists
by telling them that Racism is the most vulgar form of materialism. Peoples are not different by
flesh, blood or colour of skin. They are different by their spirit, i.e. by their creations, culture and
religion. Of course, Motas attitude is unlikely to have been dominant among the Legion, since
Codreanu was the founder of the ideas the majority of its members shared. It is also notable that
Horia Sima, in his works on Legionary beliefs, agreed with Codreanu that race is real and
important. However, Sima disagreed with connecting Romanian racial views with German
racialism, censuring the followers of Hitler by asserting that their worldview misused racialism,
making it too materialistic.
The New Man
The Legionary Movement aimed to create a New Man (Omul Nou), to transform the entire nation
through Legionary education by transforming each individual into a person of quality. The New
Man would be more honest and moral, more intelligent, industrious, courageous, willing to
sacrifice, and completely free of materialism. His view of the world would be centered around
spirituality, service to his nation, and love of his fellow countrymen. This new and improved
form of human being would transform history, setting the foundations of a new era never before
seen in Romanian history.
Codreanu wrote, We shall create an atmosphere, a moral medium in which the heroic man can
be born and can grow. This medium must be isolated from the rest of the world by the highest
possible spiritual fortifications. It must be defended from all the dangerous winds of cowardice,
corruption, licentiousness, and of all the passions which entomb nations and murder individuals.
Once the Legionary will have developed in such a milieu he shall be sent into the world He
will be an example; will turn others into Legionaries. And people, in search of better days, will
follow him will make a force which will fight and will win. Therefore, a spiritual revolution
would create the basis for a political revolution, since without the New Man no political program
could achieve any lasting accomplishment.
Politics
Romanias government was that of a constitutional monarchy, thus the nations government was
considered a democracy. Corneliu Codreanu was a member of the Romanian parliament two
times, and his experiences with democratic politics led him to firmly conclude that the
democratic system, although claiming to represent the will of the people, rarely ever achieved its
goal of representation. In fact, he felt that it did just the opposite. In For My Legionaries, he
listed out some major objections he had to the system and the way it worked (the following is a
paraphrase of his points):

 Democracy destroys the unity of the people since it creates factionalism.

Democracy turns millions of Jews (and other alien groups) into Romanian citizens, thus
carelessly destroying the ancient ethnic make-up of a nation.
Democracy is incapable of enduring effort and responsibility because by design it
inherently leads to an unending change in leadership over short period of time. A leader
or party works to improve the nation with a specific plan, but only rules for a few years
before being replaced by a new one with a new plan, who largely if not completely
disregard the old one. Thus little is achieved and the nation is harmed.
Democracy lacks authority since it does not give a leader the power he needs to
accomplish his duties to the nation and turns him into a slave of his selfish political
supporters.
Democracy is manipulated by financiers and bankers, since most parties are dependent on
their funding and are thus influenced by them.
Democracy does not guarantee the election of virtuous leaders, since the majority of
politicians are either demagogues or corrupt and the masses of common people usually
are not capable or knowledgeable enough to elect good men. Codreanu rhetorically
remarked about the idea of the masses choosing its elite, Why then do soldiers not
choose the best general?
Therefore, Codreanu aimed for a new form of government, rejecting both republicanism and
dictatorship. In this new system the leaders would not inherit power through heredity, nor would
they be elected as in a republic, but rather they would be selected. Thus, selection and not
election is the method of choosing a new elite. Natural leaders, demonstrating bravery and skill,
would rise up through Legionary ranks, and the old elite would be responsible for choosing the
new elite. The concept of the New Man is important to Codreanus system of leadership, because
only by the establishment of the New Man would the right leaders rise and become the leaders of
the nation. The elite would be founded on the principles Codreanu himself laid out: a) Purity of
soul. b) Capacity of work and creativity. c) Bravery. d) Tough living and permanent warring
against difficulties facing the nation. e) Poverty, namely voluntary renunciation of amassing a
fortune. f) Faith in God. g) Love.
This new system of government which Codreanu aimed to establish would be authoritarian, but
it would not be totalitarian. He described it in this way: He (the leader) does not do what he
wants, he does what he has to do. And he is guided, not by individual interests, nor by collective
ones, but instead by the interests of the eternal nation, to the consciousness of which the people
have attained. In the framework of these interests and only in their framework, personal interests
as well as collective ones find the highest degree of normal satisfaction.
An important point in the Legionary political system is that the Legion recognized three entities:
1) The individual. 2) The present national collectivity, that is, the totality of all the individuals
of the same nation, living in a state at a given moment. 3) The nation, that historical entity whose
life extends over centuries, its roots imbedded deep in the mists of time, and with an infinite
future.
Each of these entities had their own rights in a hierarchical sense. Republicanism recognized
only the rights of the individual, but the Legionary Movement recognized the rights of all three.

The nation was the most important entity, and thus the rights of the national collectivity were
subordinate to it, and finally the rights of the individual were subordinate to the rights of the
national collectivity. The destructive individualism of democracy infringed on the rights of the
national collectivity and the rights of the nation, since it ignored the rights of those two entities
and placed that of the individual above all.
With these facts in mind, it becomes clear that to accuse the Legionary Movement of wishing to
establish a tyrannical dictatorship or of being Fascist is nothing more than mindless or
deceitful propaganda against the movement.
Martyrdom
The Legionary embraces death, wrote Codreanu, for his blood will serve to mold the cement
of Legionary Romania. Throughout the struggles and intense persecutions it faced, the
Legionary Movement produced many martyrs, two of the most often referenced being Ion Mota
and Vasile Marin, who died in 1936 helping Franco fight against Marxist Republicans in the
Spanish Civil War. Other martyrs of the Legion include Sterie Ciumetti, Nicoleta Nicolescu,
Lucia Grecu, and Victor Dragomirescu among hundreds of others. Finally, in 1938, Corneliu
Codreanu himself became a martyr after Armand Calinescu, acting outside of the law, had him
murdered. Martyrs were often honored in songs all Legionaries sang and in Legionary rituals,
when their names were announced in the roll call, all Legionaries attending spoke present!
They believed that the souls of Romanian dead would still be present with them in their battles.
Violence
Along with martyrdom, in which death was received, there was an occasional violence
committed by Legionaries against their enemies. Codreanu originally intended that the Legionary
Movement would be nonviolent, but the unusually ruthless and cruel manner in which their
enemies treated them created conditions in which violence was inevitable. When their political
opponents physically attacked them, the Legionaries often struck back. In certain select cases,
certain top enemies of the Legion were assassinated. There are three most prominent examples:
In 1933, the government of I.G. Duca had banned the Legion to keep it from participating
in elections, arrested 18000 Legionaries, and tortured and murdered several others. On
December 29-30 of that year, the Legionaries Nicolae Constantinescu, Doro Belimace
and Ion Caranica (who are often referred to as the Nicadori) assassinated Duca for
revenge.
In 1934, Mihail Stelescu, a member of the Legion, was investigated by top Legionaries
and discovered to have had planned to betray the Legion and create his own group and
was therefore expelled. Stelescu then created the group in 1935, calling it Cruciada
Romanismuliu (The Crusade of Romanianism), and slandered Codreanu in its
newspaper. There is also evidence that Stelescu was plotting to assassinate Codreanu and
that, after contacting top political figures, he received government support for this plan.
In this situation, ten Legionaries later called the Decemviri (The Ten Men) shot him.

 In November of 1938, Armand Calinescu had the military police illegally murder
Codreanu (who was earlier that year imprisoned to 10 years at unfair and biased trials
under unproven charges), the Nicadori and the Decemviri. On September 21, 1939 nine
Legionaries referred to as the Rasbunatorii (The Avengers) assassinated Calinescu.
After they turned themselves in, they were tortured and executed without trial. These nine
men were: Miti Dumitrescu, Cezar Popescu, Traian Popescu, Nelu Moldoveanu, Ion
Ionescu, Ion Vasiliu, Marin Stanciulescu, Isaia Ovidiu and Gheorghe Paraschivescu.
One may object to such actions on the part of the Legionaries, asserting that they are thus taking
part in un-Christian actions. However, to correctly understand this it needs to be remembered
that throughout the history of Christianity there were many people who had committed violent
acts or killed for the sake of their religion. Certain crusader knights who had killed massive
amounts of people were even sainted. Clearly it is nothing new for Christian zealots to engage in
combat against their enemies. Some would argue that because Christ taught people to love their
enemies that therefore Codreanu was openly violating Christian teaching. But it is not quite so
clear.
It should be remembered that in the original Greek and Latin the phrase love your enemies
(Matthew 5:44; Luke 6:27) referred specifically to private enemy, not public enemy or national
enemy (who could therefore be hated). This is why Codreanu said to the Legionaries: Forgive
those who struck you for personal reasons. Those who have tortured you for your faith in the
Romanian people, you will not forgive. Do not confuse the Christian right and duty of forgiving
those who wronged you, with the right and duty of our people to punish those who have betrayed
it and assumed for themselves the responsibility to oppose its destiny. Do not forget that the
swords you have put on belong to the nation. You carry them in her name. In her name you will
use them for punishment-unforgiving and unmerciful. Thus and only thus, will you be preparing
a healthy future for this nation.
These are the facts which need to be remembered in order to properly understand why Codreanu
and the Legionaries did what they did. Otherwise, a proper historical study cannot be done.
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