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    CHAPTER 4: Vacuum Pan Boilers

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    ArunaBuddhikaKumbukage
    Vacuum pan boilers are used in sugar manufacturing to boil massecuites. There are three main types - coil heating, calandria heating, and combined heating. Calandria heating is most commonly used, where short tubes heat the massecuite. Coil heating is more accurate for low grade massecuites. Design calculations provide data on flow rates into and out of the boiler, as well as temperature, purity, brix, density, and viscosity values needed for further calculations. Heat requirements and boiling points are also considered based on pressure inside the boiler.

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    CHAPTER 4: Vacuum Pan Boilers

    Uploaded by

    ArunaBuddhikaKumbukage
    657 views4 pages
    Vacuum pan boilers are used in sugar manufacturing to boil massecuites. There are three main types - coil heating, calandria heating, and combined heating. Calandria heating is most commonly used, where short tubes heat the massecuite. Coil heating is more accurate for low grade massecuites. Design calculations provide data on flow rates into and out of the boiler, as well as temperature, purity, brix, density, and viscosity values needed for further calculations. Heat requirements and boiling points are also considered based on pressure inside the boiler.

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    Vacuum Pan Boilers

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    Vacuum pan boilers are used in sugar manufacturing to boil massecuites. There are three main types - coil heating, calandria heating, and combined heating. Calandria heating is most commonly used, where short tubes heat the massecuite. Coil heating is more accurate for low grade massecuites. Design calculations provide data on flow rates into and out of the boiler, as well as temperature, purity, brix, density, and viscosity values needed for further calculations. Heat requirements and boiling points are also considered based on pressure inside the boiler.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    657 views4 pages

    CHAPTER 4: Vacuum Pan Boilers

    Uploaded by

    ArunaBuddhikaKumbukage
    Vacuum pan boilers are used in sugar manufacturing to boil massecuites. There are three main types - coil heating, calandria heating, and combined heating. Calandria heating is most commonly used, where short tubes heat the massecuite. Coil heating is more accurate for low grade massecuites. Design calculations provide data on flow rates into and out of the boiler, as well as temperature, purity, brix, density, and viscosity values needed for further calculations. Heat requirements and boiling points are also considered based on pressure inside the boiler.

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    CHAPTER 4: Vacuum Pan Boilers

    4.1. What is Vacuum Pan Boiler


    Vacuum Pan Boiler is the equipment used in sugar boiling in sugar
    manufacturing process. A Vacuum Pan Boiler is basically of three types.

    Coil heating Vacuum pan boiler


    Calandria heating Vacuum pan boiler
    Combined calandria and coil heating Vacuum pan boiler

    In coil heating model, there are multiple coils with an approximate


    diameter of about 5 inches made of copper are used in heating the boiler.
    In calandria heating model, short tubes with a higher diameter than in
    evaporators are used for heating purpose.

    Fig 1.1: Calandria heating model (left) and Coil heating model (right)
    (Image source: Hugot, E., 1960, Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering,
    Elsevier, Amsterdam)
    Normally in large scale applications, calandrial heating Vacuum pan boiler
    is commonly used in many countries. Since it is a recently introduced
    technology than coil boilers, this calandria boilers are gaining popularity in
    many countries as a trend despite of the performance or accuracy. It is
    practically proved that the coil boiler model is more accurate and effective
    for low grade massecuites (Hugot 1960). For industrial applications in Sri
    Lanka, the calandria boilers are most commonly used. The combined
    boilers are used in several special cases.

    4.2. Design Calculations and Data


    According to the calculations performed under CP408, the flow rate of Amassecuites at the inlet of the vacuum pan boiler could be found as 17.19
    MT/hr. The Brix value of this inlet stream can be considered as 60 - 650 Bx
    according to the temperature range and purity values. The temperature of
    the inlet massecuite stream is suggested to be around 650 C (Hugot
    1960).
    The purity of the inlet massecuite stream is generally around 830 (Baikov
    1982). The same value is suggested to be 840 by Pelwatte Sugar
    Industries Plc. So we can take this value around 83 - 840. The purity of the
    outlet wet sugar from the Vacuum pan boiler is provided as 990 (Baikov
    1982). The purity of the molasses leaving the Vacuum pan boiler is around
    330 (Baikov 1982). The operation temperature of the boiler should be
    between 63 710C to get the maximum possible yield of the process
    according to the conditions of the feed stream. This temperature range is
    recommended to avoid the reducing sugars crystallization inside the boiler
    as well.
    The rate of crystallization is mainly dependent of viscosity, temperature
    and purity of the molasses. So these parameters also should be studied
    with the calculations regarding the process of crystallization within the
    vacuum pan boiler. The set of data available for the initiation of the 1st
    stage calculations are shown in the table below.
    Table 1.1: Calculated flow rates related with the vacuum pan boiler
    Flow rates
    Value (MT/hr.)
    Notation
    Flow rate of A-massecuite feed
    Flow rate of molasses + wet sugar
    crystals leaving the boiler
    Moisture (water) removal rate of boiler

    17.19
    14.51

    F
    E

    2.68

    Calculation 1:
    Data for the calculation is as follows
    Feed flow rate to the boiler
    Brix of feed
    Brix of effluent stream
    Effluent stream flow rate

    = 17.19 MT/hr.
    = 650 Bx
    = 770 Bx
    = E MT/hr.

    F x 65
    17.19 x 65
    E

    = E x 77
    = E x 77
    = 14.51 MT/hr.

    Therefore,
    Moisture removal rate of boiler
    = (F E)
    R
    = 2.68 MT/hr.
    The purity, temperature and Brix, density and viscosity values that are
    calculated and suggested are included in the following table. These values
    are essential for the further calculations with this process.
    Table 1.2: Further data for the calculations
    Parameter
    Value
    Purity of feed massecuite stream
    Purity of effluent molasses
    Purity of effluent wet crystals

    83 830
    330
    990

    Brix of feed stream


    Brix of effluent stream

    60 680
    770

    Notation

    Temperature of the feed


    Operation temperature of boiler
    Outlet temperature of the effluent stream

    650C
    63 710C
    63 710C

    Tf
    To
    To

    Density of feed

    ~1473.7
    kg/m3

    Df

    These data can be clearly indicated in a process flow diagram. The most
    essential data are indicated in the following diagram for the ease of
    further calculations.

    Fig 1.2: Labelled diagram of Vacuum pan boiler with basic data

    Calculation 2:
    Heat requirement of the boiler
    Basis, per hour
    Required heat for moisture to vaporize at 680C
    Pressure inside the boiler at 680C for water to vaporize

    Fig 1.3: Pressure vs Boiling point of water


    (Image source: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/boilingpoint-water-d_926.html)
    Pressure at 680C

    = 0.29 bars
    = 29 kPa

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