A) From W. J. Stark, L. Mädler, M. Maciejewski, S. E. Pratsinis, and A. Chem. Comm., 588-589 (2003) - Reproduced by Permission of The Royal

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A

(a) Schematic diagram showing


the location of the catalytic

tomic defects are

converter in an automobiles

responsible for reductions of

exhaust system.

gas pollutant emissions from


todays automobile engines.
A catalytic converter is the
pollutant-reducing device that

(a)

is located in the automobiles


exhaust system. Molecules of
pollutant gases become
attached to surface defects of
:

crystalline metallic materials


found in the catalytic
converter. While attached
to these sites, the molecules

(b) Schematic diagram

experience chemical reactions

of a catalytic converter.

that convert them into other,


non-polluting or less-polluting
substances. The Materials of
Importance box in Section 4.6
contains a detailed description
of this process.

(c) Ceramic monolith on

(b)

which the metallic catalyst


substrate is deposited.

(c)

(d) High-resolution transmission electron micrograph


that shows surface defects on single crystals of one
material that is used in catalytic converters.

[Figure (a) from W. J. Stark, L. Mdler, M. Maciejewski, S. E. Pratsinis, and A.


Baiker, Flame-Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ceria/Zirconia: Effect of Carrier Liquid,
Chem. Comm., 588589 (2003). Reproduced by permission of The Royal

(d)

Society of Chemistry.]

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