C 3:O C P: 3.1working Principle of Over Current Relay

CH 3:OVER CURRENT PROTECTION
In an over current relay or o/c relay the actuating quantity is only current.
There is only one current operated element in the relay, no voltage coil etc.
are required to construct this protective relay.
3.1Working Principle of Over Current Relay

In an over current relay as shown in Fig.3-1, there would be essentially a
current coil. When normal current flows through this coil, the magnetic effect
generated by the coil is not sufficient to move the moving element of the
relay, as in this condition the restraining force is greater than deflecting
force. But when the current through the coil increased, the magnetic effect
increases, and after certain level of current, the deflecting force generated
by the magnetic effect of the coil, crosses the restraining force, as a result,
the moving element starts moving to change the contact position in the
relay.
54
Fig.3-1 over current operation
3.2 Over current Relay Ratings

In order for an over current protective device to operate properly, over
current protective device ratings must be properly selected. These ratings
include voltage and ampere .
Current limiting can be considered as another over current protective device
rating, although not all over current protective devices are required to have
this characteristic
Voltage Rating: The voltage rating of the over current protective device
must be at least equal to or greater than the circuit voltage. The over
current protective device rating can be higher than the system voltage but
never lower.
Ampere Rating: The ampere rating of a over current protecting device
normally should not exceed the current carrying capacity of the conductors
As a general rule, the ampere rating of a over current protecting device is
selected at 125% of the continuous load current.
3.3Types of Over current Relay

These are the types of over current relay:
3.3.1Instantaneous Over current (Define Current) Relay
3.3.2Define Time Over current Relay
3.3.3Inverse Time Over current Relay (IDMT Relay)
3.3.4Directional over current Relay

3.3.1 Instantaneous Over current relay (Define Current)
Definite current relay operate instantaneously when the current reaches a
predetermined value as shown in Fig.3-2.
55
Fig.3-2 Instantaneous
Overcurrent
Relay Definite Current
-Operates in a definite time when current exceeds its Pick-up value. Its
operation criterion is only current magnitude (without time delay),Operating
time is constant., There is no intentional time delay.
Coordination of definite-current relays is based on the fact that the fault
current varies with the -position of the fault because of the difference in the
impedance between the fault and the source
The relay located furthest from the source operate for a low current value,
the operating currents are
progressively increased for the other relays when moving towards the
source.
It operates in 0.1s or less
3.3.2 Definite Time Over current Relays

In this type, two conditions must be satisfied for operation (tripping), current
must exceed the setting value and the fault must be continuous at least a
time equal to time setting of the relay as shown in Fig3-3.
56
Fig.3-3Definite time of over current relay

-Modern relays may contain more than one stage of protection each stage
includes each own current and time setting..For Operation of Definite Time
Over current Relay operating time is constant-Its operation is independent of
the magnitude of current above the pick-up value.
-It has pick-up and time dial settings, desired time delay can be set with the
help of an intentional time delay mechanism. and Easy to coordinate.
Constant tripping time independent of in feed variation and fault location.
On the other hand The continuity in the supply cannot be maintained at
the load end in the event of fulltime lag is provided which is not desirable in
on short circuits, It is difficult to co-ordinate and requires changes with the
addition of load. ,It is not suitable for long distance transmission lines where
rapid fault clearance is necessary for stability and Relay have difficulties in
distinguishing between Fault currents at one point or another when fault
impedances between these points are small, thus poor discrimination.
Application:
3.3.3 Inverse Time Over current Relays (IDMT Relay)
In this type of relays as shown in Fig.3-4, operating time is inversely changed
with current. So, high current will operate over current relay faster than
lower ones. There are standard inverse, very inverse and extremely inverse
types. Discrimination by both Time and Current. The relay operation time
is inversely proportional to the fault current. Inverse Time relays are also
referred to as Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) relay.
57
Fig3-4 Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT)
The operating time of an over current relay can be moved up (made slower)
by adjusting the time dial setting. The lowest time dial setting (fastest
operating time) is generally 0.5 and the slowest is 10.Operates when current
exceeds its pick-up value. Operating time depends on the magnitude of
current.
It gives inverse time current characteristics at lower values of fault current
and definite time characteristics at higher values. An inverse characteristic
is obtained if the value of plug setting multiplier is below 10, for values
between 10 and 20 characteristics tend towards definite time
characteristics. Widely used for the protection of distribution lines.
Based on the inverse it has three different types as shown in fig.3-5:
- Normal Inverse Time Over current Relay
-Very Inverse Time Over current Relay
-Extremely Inverse Time Over current Relay
58
Fig.3-5Inverse types
3.3.4. Directional Over current Relays
When the power system is not radial (source on one side of the line), an over
current relay may not be able to provide adequate protection. This type of
relay operates in on direction of current flow and blocks in the opposite
direction.
Three conditions must be satisfied for its operation: current magnitude, time
delay and directionality. The directionality of current flow can be identified
using voltage as a reference of direction.
59

C 3:O C P: 3.1working Principle of Over Current Relay

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

C 3:O C P: 3.1working Principle of Over Current Relay

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

C 3:O C P: 3.1working Principle of Over Current Relay

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CH 3:OVER CURRENT PROTECTION

3.1Working Principle of Over Current Relay

Fig.3-1 over current operation

3.2 Over current Relay Ratings

3.3Types of Over current Relay

3.3.4Directional over current Relay

Relay Definite Current

3.3.2 Definite Time Over current Relays

Fig.3-3Definite time of over current relay

Fig3-4 Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT)

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.