KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ

,yq;if fzf;fl
P L
; njhopyE
; l;gtpayhsu;fs; fofk;

AA1 guPli
; r 2016 A+iy

(AA13) tpahghuk; kw;Wk; fzf;fl

P b
; w;fhd nghUspay;
(Economics for Business and Accounting)

201607-23
gpw;gfy;
[1.45 5.00]

guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; (jaTnra;
jaTnra;J ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;):
(1) mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Neuk; : thrpj;jy; - 15 epkplq;fs;
vOJjy; - 03 kzpj;jpahyk;

gf;fq;fs;
tpdhf;fs;

: 07
: 06

(2)

vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;Ff.

(3)

; rf;F tpzz
; g;gpj;j
tpilfs; ahTk; jug;gl;l tpilg; Gj;jfj;jpy; guPli
xNu nkhopapy; kl;Lk; vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
vy;yh
nrad;Kiwfs; kw;Wk; fzpgG
; fis rku;gg
; pf;fTk;.
VjhtJ vLNfhs;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gpd; mtw;iwj; njspthff; Fwpg;gpLf.
epuw;gLj;jg;glhj fzpg;ghd;fspd; ghtid mDkjpff
; g;gl;Ls;sJ.
tiuGj; jhs;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
nray;Kiw tpsf;f tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU tpdhtpYk; xU
; ). guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfs; nray;Kiw tpsf;fg;
tpidr; nrhy; cs;slq;fpapUf;fpwJ. (OTQs jtpu;ej
gl;baypy; jug;gl;l tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

100 Gs;spfs;

(8)

gFjp A
Nehf;fr; Nrhjid tpdhf;fs; (OTQs)
,UgJ (20) fl;lha tpdhf;fs;
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 01

,y. 1.1 Kjy; 1.10 tiuAs;s tpdhf;fSf;fhf ePqf

; s; njupT nra;j tpilapd; ,yf;fj;ij
cq;fsJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy; tpdhTf;Fj; jug;gl;l ,yf;fj;Jld; vOJf.

1.1

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; nghUshjhu
miktJ vJ?

tsk;

xd;wpd;

(an economic resource) Xu; mk;rkhf

(1)

,aw;ifapdhy; jug;gl;l xU tsk;

(2)

re;ju;gg
; r; nrynthd;iwf; (opportunity cost) nfhz;Ls;s xU tsk;

(3)

epuk;gypy; kpifahfTs;s xU tsk;

(4)

mur Jiwapdhy; (public sector) kl;LNk epuk;gy; nra;af;$ba xU tsk;

1.2

1.3

Fiwe;J nry;Yk; vy;iyg;gad; vd;gjdhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

(1)

egu; xUtu; jug;gl;l gz;lnkhd;iw mjpfkjpfkhf

vy;iyg; gadhdJ Kbtpy; tPor
; r
; pailfpwJ.

(2)

egu; xUtu; jug;gl;l gz;lnkhd;iw mjpfkjpfkhf EfUk;NghJ Vida gz;lq;fspd;

vy;iyg;gadhdJ Kbtpy; tPor
; r
; pailfpwJ.

(3)

egu; xUtu; jug;gl;l gz;lnkhd;iw mjpfkjpfkhf EfUk;NghJ gz;lj;jpd; nkhj;jg;

gadhdJ khwhjpUf;fpwJ.

(4)

egu; xUtu; jug;gl;l gz;lnkhd;iwf; Fiwthf EfUk;NghJ mg;gz;lj;jpd; vy;iyg;

gad; Kbtpy; tPor
; r
; pailfpwJ.

1.5

1.6

mg;gz;lj;jpd;

Fwpg;gpl;l nghUnshd;wpd; tpiyahdJ &.16/- ,ypUe;J &.20/- ,w;F cau mg;nghUspd;

Nfs;tpf; fzpak; (quantity demanded) 80 myFfspypUe;J 60 myFfSf;F tPor
; r
; pailfpwJ.
mg;nghUspd; Nfs;tpapd; tpiy nefpo;rr
; p (Price elasticity of demand),

(1)

1.4

EfUk;NghJ

0.75

(2)

1.0

(3)

0.8

(4)

1.25

mbg;gilg; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfs; epyTtjw;Ff; fhuzk;>

(1)

tUkhdj;jpd; mjpfupg;Gld; Efu;Tk; mjpfupf;fpd;wik.

(2)

nghUshjhu tsq;fspd; ,lkhw;wg;glh epiy (non-transferability).

(3)

vy;yhj; NjitfisAk; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F tsq;fs; NghjhjpUf;fpd;wik.

(4)

NkNyAs;s ahTk;.

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Neupy; tupfspd; xU gpujp$ykhf miktJ vJ?

(1)

tupiar; nrYj;Jfpd;w egu; Rikiaj; jhq;Ffpd;wik

(2)

Nrfupg;gjw;F murhq;fj;jpw;F ,yFthf ,Uj;jy;

(3)

tupr; Rikapd; gfpu;tpy; cs;s rkj;Jtkpd;ik

(4)

tup Va;gG
; r; nra;a KbahJ

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; xU njhopw;ghL my;yhjJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

(1)

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; tpiy ];jpuj;jd;ik (stability)

(2)

nghJf; fld; (Public debt) Kfhikj;Jtk;

(3)

ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp Kfhikj;Jtk;

(4)

nghJkf;fsplkpUe;J itg;Gfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

2|Page

1.7

2015 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Mz;lwpf;iff;fpzq;f> 2015

Mz;bw;fhd nghUshjhu tsu;rr
; p tPjkhdJ>

(1)

1.8

1.9

8%

(2)

7.5%

(3)

6.2%

(4)

Mk;

4.8%

nkhj;jj; Njrpa tUkhdk; (Gross National Income) fzpf;fg;gLk; tpjkhtJ>

(1)

nkhj;j cs;ehl;L tUkhdk; + ntspehl;bypUe;J ngw;w Njwpa fhuzp tUkhdk;

(2)

nkhj;j cs;ehl;L tUkhdk; + khdpaq;fs; tUkhd tup gfpug;glhj tpahghu

,yhgq;fs;

(3)

jdpegu; tUkhdk; + tUkhd tup + gfpug;glhj tpahghu ,yhgq;fs;

(4)

fhuzp tUkhdk; khdpaq;fs; + tUkhd tup + Nrkpg;Gfs;

jpwe;j nghUshjhuk; vd;gjdhw; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

(1)

cyfpd; gpw gFjpfSld; ,ize;jpaq;fhj nghUshjhuk;.

(2)

cyfpd; gpw gFjpfSld; ,ize;jpaq;Fk; nghUshjhuk;.

(3)

murhq;fk;> Vw;WkjpfSf;F my;yhJ ,wf;FkjpfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpj;Js;s

nghUshjhuk;.

(4)

re;ijj; jpirKfg;gLj;jy; (Market Orientation) ,y;yhj nghUshjhuk;.

1.10 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; gzf; nfhs;ifapd; (Monetary policy) xU gz;Gj;juf; fl;Lg;ghL
(qualitative control) gpd;tUgtw;Ws; vJ?
(1)

eatpzf;fk; (Moral Suasion)

(2)

jhuhs re;ij eltbf;iffs; (Open Market Operations)

(3)

epajpr;rl;l xJf;f tPjk; (Statutory Reserve Ratio)

(4)

tq;fp tPjf; nfhs;if (Bank Rate Policy)

gpd;tUk; 1.11 Kjy; 1.15 tiuapyhd $w;Wf;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; rupah my;yJ jtwh vd;gijf;
Fwpg;gpLf. njupT nra;j tpilia (rupah / jtwh) mjd; tpdhTf;Fupa ,yf;fj;Jld; ckJ
tpilj;jhspy; vOJf.

1.11

epiwNghl;br; re;ijapd; fPo>; gz;lnkhd;wpd; jdp toq;Feu; (single supplier) xUtu;

,Uf;fpd;whu;.

1.12

vy;iyr; nryT (MC) tisapahdJ ruhrupr; nryT tisapia (Average Cost curve) mjd;
,opTg; Gs;spapy; (minimum point) ,ilntl;LfpwJ.
3|Page

1.13

msTj;jpl;lj;jpw;F jpUk;gy;fs; mjpfupj;jy; (Increasing returns to scale) vd;gjd; fUj;jhtJ>

jug;gl;lnjhU tpfpjj;jpy;>

cw;gj;jpf; fhuzpfs; midj;Jk; mjpfupf;fpd;wNghJ

rupahf

mNj tpfpjj;jpy;> cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l ntspaPLk; mjpfupf;Fk; vd;gjhFk;.

1.14

xU epjp ,ilaPll
; hsu; (financial intermediary) vd;gtu; jug;gl;lnjhU tl;b tPjj;jpy; fld;
toq;FeuplkpUe;J

(Lender)

itg;Gfisf;

ftu;eJ
; >

mtw;iw

fld;

thq;FNthUf;F

(borrowers) cau;ej
; tl;b tPjnkhd;wpy; kPs toq;Ftjd; %yk; fld; toq;Feiu fld;
thq;FgtNuhL ,izf;fpd;w xU epWtdkhf ,Uf;fpd;whu;.

1.15

epWtdnkhd;wpd; fpuakhdJ gpujhdkhf> epiyahd fpuak; (fixed cost) khWq; fpuak;

(variable cost) Mfpa ,Utif fpuaq;fisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

tpdh ,y. 1.16 Kjy; 1.20 tiuapyhd tpdhf;fspd; ,ilntspfis epug;Gtjw;F> milg;Gf;Fs;
; s; njupTnra;j nrhy; / nrhw;fis ckJ
jug;gl;bUf;Fk; nrhy; / nrhw;fisj; njupTnra;f. ePqf
tpilg; Gj;jfj;jpy; tpdhTf;Fupa ,yf;fj;Jld; vOJf.

1.16

gz;lnkhd;wpdJ epuk;gy; tisap ,lg;gf;fkhf ,lk;ngau;ifapy; Nfs;tp tisapapy;

khw;wNkJk;

epfohjNghJ>

gz;lj;jpd;

rkepiy

tpiyahdJ

(equilibrium

price)

(mjpfupf;fpd;wJ / Fiwfpd;wJ).
1.17

nghUl;fspdJk;

NritfspdJk;

tpiyfs;

mjpfupf;fpd;wNghJ

gzj;jpd;

ngWkjp

(caUk; / tPor; r; pailAk;).

1.18

nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpia (GDP) mstpLtjw;F elg;G Mz;L re;ij tpiyfs; gad;
gLj;jg;gLk;NghJ mJ (ngausT GDP / nka; GDP) vdg;gLfpwJ.

1.19

(FWfpa gz epuk;gy; (M1) / gztpay; mbg;gil) vd;gJ nghJkf;fs;

itj;jpUf;fpd;w ehzaj;jpd; $l;Lnkhj;jj;jpidAk; (aggregate of the currency) nghJ

kf;fshy; tzpf tq;fpfspy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nfs;tp itg;GfisAk; Fwpf;fpwJ.

1.20

(tprhy gzg; ngUf;fp (Broad Money Multiplier) / tprhy gz epuk;gy; [M2])

vd;gJ FWfpa gzepuk;gypd; $l;Lnkhj;jj;jpidAk; (aggregate of Narrow Money Supply)
nghJkf;fshy; tzpf tq;fpfspy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhy kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;GfisAk;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
(xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk;> nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

The following data should be used

\
gFjp A KbT

4|Page

gFjp B
ehd;F (04) fl;lha tpdhf;fs;
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 02
(a)

(i)

,yq;ifapy; ePqf
; s; fhzf;$ba nghUshjhu Kiwikapd; tifiaf; $Wf. (01 Gs;sp)

(ii)

NkNy (i) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l nghUshjhu Kiwikiaf; nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;

%d;widf; (03) Fwpg;gpLf.

(b)

(03 Gs;spfs;)

nghUshjhunkhd;wpYs;s mbg;gilg; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfis tpgupf;Ff. (06 Gs;spfs;)

(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 03
(a)

(b)

(i)

xl;Lnkhj;j murhq;fg; ghjPlb

; d; gw;whf;Fiw vd;gjdhy; fUjg;gLtij tpgupf;Ff.
(03 Gs;spfs;)

(ii)

murhq;fg; ghjPlL
; g; gw;whf;Fiwf;fhd epjpaPll
; y; %yq;fs; (sources) %d;wpidf; (03)
Fwpg;gpLf.
(03 Gs;spfs;)

mur Jiw Kaw;rpfspd; (Public Enterprises) mD$yq;fs; ehd;fpidf; (04) Fwpg;gpLf.

(04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 04
(a)

gzj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs; %d;wpid (03) tpgupf;Ff.

(b)

tzpf tq;fpnahd;wpd; gpujhd njhopw;ghLfs; ehd;fpidf; (04) $Wf.

(06 Gs;spfs;)
(04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 05
(a)

ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;Jld; njhlu;Gila tu;j;jf khw;WtPjk; (Terms of trade) vd;gjdhy; fUjg;

gLtJ ahJ?
(04 Gs;spfs;)

(b)

(i)

nghUshjhu tsu;rr
; p (Economic Growth) vd;gjd; fUj;ij tpgupf;Ff.

(ii) nghUshjhu tsu;rr; papd; %d;W (03) ed;ikfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

(03 Gs;spfs;)
(03 Gs;spfs;)

(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

gFjp B KbT
5|Page

gFjp C
xU fl;lha tpdh
(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 06
(A)

tpahghu

cyfpNy>

NknyOfpd;w

(emerge) gy;tifr; re;ijf; fl;likg;GfSf;fpzq;f>

epWtdq;fs; NtWgl;l re;ijr; #o;epiyfspd; fPo; njhopw;gLfpd;wd. xt;nthd;Wk; jk;ik

Vida fl;likg;GfspypUe;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;lf;$ba Fwpg;gpl;l rpy gz;gpay;Gfisf;

(certain characteristics) nfhz;ljhd gy re;ijf; fl;likg;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

nghUshjhunkhd;wpd;

mbg;gil

re;ijf;

fl;likg;Gfshf>

epiwNghl;b>

jdpAupik>

jdpAupikahd Nghl;b kw;Wk; rpyUupik Mfpa ehd;fpidf; fhz KbAk;.

(B)

(a)

jdpAupikapd; Ie;J (05) gpujhd gz;gpay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

(b)

FWq;fhy Xl;lj;jpy; jdpAupik epWtdnkhd;W vt;thW jdJ ,yhgj;ij cr;rg;

gLj;JfpwJ vd;gij tiuglnkhd;wpd; (graph) JizAld; tpgupf;Ff.
(05 Gs;spfs;)

(a)

nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp (GDP) kw;Wk; nkhj;jj; Njrpa cw;gj;jp (GNP) Mfpatw;Wf;

(05 Gs;spfs;)

fpilNaAs;s NtWghl;il tpgupf;Ff.tanopolist could enjoy its short-run

(b)

(04 Gs;spfs;)

nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; Mz;nlhd;wpw;fhd Njrpa fzf;FfSld; (national accounts)

njhlu;Gila cj;Njrj; juTfis (hypothetical data) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz
fhl;LfpwJ.
kpy;ypad;
&gh

(1)

njhopy; tUkhdk;

360,000

(2)

thlif tUkhdk;

220,500

(3)

Ranjhopy; tUkhdk;

190,500

(4)

tpahghuj; Jiwapdhy; <l;lg;gl;l ,yhgk;

210,600

(5)

tl;b tUkhdk;

162,000

(6)

%yjdj; Nja;khdk;

130,600

(7)

khdpaq;fs;

100,500

(8)

Neupy; tupfs;

120,300

(9)

ntspehl;bypUe;J Njwpa fhuzp tUkhdk;

(94,000)

re;ij tpiyapy; nkhj;j Njrpa cw;gj;jpiaf; (GNP) fzpg;gpLf.

(06 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)

gFjp C KbT
6|Page

nray; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay;

mwpT kl;lk;

tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay;
nghUs; tiuiw nra;f /
tiutpyf;fzk; nra;f (Define)
tiuf

tiutpyf;fzk; (nghUs; tiuaiw)

jd;ik> tpahgfk; my;yJ nghUs; gw;wp tpgupj;jy;
tupg;glk; my;yJ tiuglk; tbtpy; tiue;J fhl;Ljy;

(Draw)

milahsq; fhz;f /
,dq;fhz;f (Identify)

fUj;jpw;nfhz;l gpd;du; njupe;J nfhs;sy; my;yJ njupT

nra;jy;

epuw;gLj;Jf / gl;baypLf (List)

njhlu;Ggl;l cUg;gbfis xd;wpd; fPo; xd;whf vOJJy;

njhlu;GgLj;Jf (Relate)

ju;f;f uPjpahf my;yJ fhuz uPjpahf njhlu;Gfis

epiyehl;ly;

$Wf / Fwpg;gpLf

jpl;ltl;lkhf my;yJ njspthf njuptpj;jy;

(State)

kl;lk; 01
fpufpj;jy;

fzpf;Ff / fzpg;gpLf
(Calculate / Compute)

fzpj uPjpahf fzpg;gl

P b
; id Nkw;nfhs;sy;

Kf;fpa jftiy
Qhgfg;gLj;jp
tpgupj;jy;

Muha;f

Kbnthd;wpid milAk; Nehf;fpy; NtWgl;l tplaq;fis

tpthjj;jpd; %yk; tpgukhf Ma;T nra;jy;

mwpT kl;lk;

(Discuss)

tpgupf;Ff (Explain)

cupa cz;ikfis ntspf;fhl;b> njspthd tptuzj;ij

tpgukhfj; njuptpj;jy;

nghUs; tpsf;Ff / fUj;Jf;

$Wf
(Interpret)

tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy; njspTgLj;jy;

Vw;gpirT nra;jy; (Recognize)

mwpit my;yJ mit rhu;ej

; mDgtj;jpidf; nfhz;L>
nry;Ygbj; jd;ikia my;yJ mjd; ,y;yhikiaf;
fhl;Ljy;

gjpT nra;f (Record)

cupa gjpTfis tpupthfg; gjpT nra;jy;

njhFf;Ff / RUf;fj;ijj; jUf

(Summarize)

gpujhd tplaq;fspy; (cz;ikfs; my;yJ ngWkjpfs;)

RUf;fkhd $w;wpidj; jUjy;

tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay;

tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

gpuNahfpf;Ff
Ff (Apply)

eilKiwg; gad;ghl;bw;Ff; nfhz;L tUjy;

kjpg;gpLf (Assess)

ngWkjp> jd;ik> ,aYik my;yJ juj;jpidj; jPu;khdpj;jy;

kl;lk; 02
gpNahfpj;jy;

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lld; tpgupf;Ff

(Demonstrate)

tpNrlkhf cjhuzq;fSld; epWTjy;

fw;wijf; nfhz;L
NtW xd;wpid
mwptjw;F mwpitg;
gad;gLj;Jjy; /
tpdhf;fisj; jPuj
; j
; y;

tiuglj; jhspy; tiuf (Graph)

tiuglk; xd;wpd; %yk; fhl;Ljy;

mwpT kl;lk;
kl;lk; 03
gFg;gha;T
vz;zq;fSf;F
,ilapy;
njhlu;Gfis
Vw;gLj;jp xg;gpLjYk;
NtWgLj;jYk; /
jpwe;j tpdhf;fisj;
jPuj
; ;jy;

jahupf;Ff (Prepare)

Nfl;fg;gl;l tplaj;jpid cupa Kiwapy; ntspf;fhl;ly;

Kd;Dupikg;gLj;Jf (Prioritize)

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; xOq;F gLj;Jjy; my;yJ

tupirg;gLj;Jjy;

fzf;fpzf;fk; nra;f /
,zf;fk; nra;f (Reconcile)

Ntnwhd;Dld; ,zq;Fjiy xg;Gtpj;jy;

jPuf
; F
; f (Solve)

fzpg;gL
P my;yJ tpsf;fq;fspd; %yk; jPuT
; fhzy;

tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay;

tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

gFg;gha;T nra;f (Analyze)

jPut
; pid my;yJ ntspg;ghl;bidj; njupe;J nfhs;Sk;
Nehf;fpy; tpgukhf Ma;T nra;jy;

xg;gpLf (Compare)

xw;Wikfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; guPlr

; pj;jy; /
Ma;T nra;jy;

NtWgLj;Jf

Ntw;Wikfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; guPlr

; pj;jy; /
Ma;T nra;jy;

(Contrast)

Ngjg;gLj;Jf/tpj;
f tpj;jpahrg;gLj;Jf
/tifapLf
tifapLf (Differentiate)

rpytw;iw NtWgLj;Jk; tpj;jpahrq;fisf; fhl;Ljy; /

tifg;gLj;jy;

RUf;fkhff; fhl;Lf / Fwpg;gpLf

(Outline)

Kf;fpa Fzhk;rq;fspd;/rpwg;gpay;Gfspd; njhFg;gpidj;

jUjy;

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