1

The fractional distillation apparatus shown is being used to separate a mixture of two liquids. A
thermometer is missing from the apparatus.
Where should the bulb of the thermometer be placed?

A
water out

B
C

cold water in

heat
2

The concentration of aqueous sodium carbonate can be found by reaction with hydrochloric acid
of known concentration using the indicator methyl orange.
Which items of equipment are needed?

burette, measuring cylinder, gas syringe

burette, measuring cylinder, thermometer

burette, pipette, conical flask

burette, pipette, stopwatch

Which molecules all contain one or more double covalent bonds?

A

chlorine, nitrogen and methane

chlorine, oxygen and ethene

oxygen, hydrogen chloride and ethene

oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethene

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The metals Cr, Co, Fe and Mn are all transition elements.

Which particles have the same number of electrons?

Co2+ and Cr

Co2+ and Fe3+

Cr and Mn2+

Fe3+ and Mn2+

Which substance has metallic bonding?

conducts electricity

when solid

when liquid

state of product
formed on reaction
with oxygen

solid

gas

no reaction

solid

Which compound contains only eight covalent bonds?

A

CH2OH

CH2OH

COOH

COOH

CH2OH

CH3

COOH

CH2OH

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The table shows the results of two reactions of an aqueous solution of a salt.
reagents

final observation

excess aqueous sodium hydroxide

white precipitate

dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate

white precipitate

What could be the identity of the salt?

calcium chloride

calcium iodide

zinc chloride

zinc iodide

Which row shows correct statements about the speed at which a gas diffuses?
effect of molecular mass

effect of temperature

higher molecular mass diffuses faster

diffusion is faster at higher temperatures

higher molecular mass diffuses faster

diffusion is faster at lower temperatures

lower molecular mass diffuses faster

diffusion is faster at higher temperatures

lower molecular mass diffuses faster

diffusion is faster at lower temperatures

What happens when sodium chloride melts?

A

Covalent bonds in a giant lattice are broken.

Electrons are released from atoms.

Electrostatic forces of attraction between ions are overcome.

Molecules are separated into ions.

10 Using the Periodic Table for the relative atomic masses, which has the greatest mass?
A

0.1 moles of iodine molecules, I2

0.5 moles of carbon dioxide, CO2

1.0 mole of beryllium oxide, BeO

1.0 mole of sodium, Na

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11 Ammonia is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g)

2NH3(g)

What is the percentage yield when 60 kg of ammonia is produced from 60 kg of hydrogen?

A

5.9%

17.6%

35.3%

50.0%

250

12 What is the relative molecular mass, Mr, of CuSO4.5H2O?

A

127

160

178

13 The list shows some substances that conduct electricity.

1

aqueous sodium chloride

copper

graphite

In which substance(s) are only electrons involved in the conduction?

A

1 and 2

2 and 3

2 only

3 only

14 Caesium is a Group I metal.

Which reaction involving this element would not produce hydrogen?
A

adding caesium to ethanoic acid

adding caesium to water

electrolysing aqueous caesium chloride

electrolysing molten caesium chloride

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15 The energy diagram represents a chemical reaction carried out both with a catalyst and without a
catalyst.
250
uncatalysed
reaction

200
enthalpy
kJ / mol

catalysed
reaction

150
100

reactants

products

50
0

reaction pathway

What is the enthalpy change for the catalysed reaction?

A

125 kJ / mol

50 kJ / mol

+75 kJ / mol

+100 kJ / mol

16 Hydrogen reacts with iodine to form hydrogen iodide. This is a slow reaction.
H2(g) + I2(g)

2HI(g)

1 mole of hydrogen gas and 1 mole of iodine vapour were mixed and allowed to react. After
t seconds, 0.6 moles of hydrogen remained.
What is the number of moles of iodine remaining after t seconds?
A

0.0

0.4

0.6

1.0

17 Acidified potassium manganate(VII) is used as a test reagent.

When it is added to an aqueous solution of compound X, the colour of the test reagent changes
from ......1...... . This colour change shows that X is ......2...... .
Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?
1

colourless to purple

oxidised

colourless to purple

reduced

purple to colourless

oxidised

purple to colourless

reduced

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18 You are supplied with dilute hydrochloric acid together with

copper solid,
magnesium solid,
aqueous lead nitrate,
aqueous silver nitrate.
How many different insoluble chlorides could you make?
A

19 In the graph, curve 1 was obtained by observing the decomposition of 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol / dm3
hydrogen peroxide solution, catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide.
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
2
1
volume of
oxygen
formed

time

Which alteration to the original experimental conditions would produce curve 2?

A

adding some 0.1 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide solution

lowering the temperature

using less manganese(IV) oxide

using a different catalyst

20 A colourless solution reacts with magnesium to form a salt and hydrogen gas.
How is this solution acting?
A

as a base

as a reducing agent

as a solvent

as an acid

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21 The equation shows a redox reaction between iron(II) chloride and chlorine gas.
2FeCl 2 + Cl 2 2FeCl 3
Which equation describes the reduction process in this reaction?
A

2Cl Cl 2 + 2e

Cl 2 + 2e 2Cl

Fe2+ Fe3+ + e

Fe3+ + e Fe2+

22 Which compound produces the greatest number of ions when 1 mole is dissolved in water?
A

aluminium sulfate

ammonium carbonate

ammonium nitrate

calcium nitrate

23 The equation for the reaction taking place during the production of ammonia is shown.
N2(g) + 3H2(g)

2NH3(g)

H = 92 kJ / mol

The reaction is carried out between 350 C and 450 C and at around 200 atmospheres pressure
using an iron catalyst.
Which statement is not correct?
A

At higher temperatures the amount of ammonia present at equilibrium is less.

Changing the pressure has no effect on the rate of reaction.

The catalyst is used to speed up the reaction.

When the reaction is at equilibrium, the forward reaction is taking place at the same rate as
the backward reaction.

24 Which element is sodium?

melting point in C

electrical conduction

density in g / cm3

1535

good

7.86

1083

good

8.92

113

poor

2.07

98

good

0.97

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25 From their position in the Periodic Table, what would you expect the elements titanium,
vanadium, chromium and cobalt to have in common?

variable oxidation states

coloured compounds

high melting points

1, 2 and 3

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

26 Which two gases do not damage limestone buildings?

A

nitrogen and carbon monoxide

nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide

nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide

sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide

27 The following facts are known about four metals, P, Q, R and S.

1

R displaces both P and S from aqueous solutions of their ions.

Q reacts with water but R does not react with water.

S does not react with acid but P does react with acid.

What is the correct order of reactivity, the most reactive first?

A

PSQR

QRPS

QSPR

SPRQ

28 Which metal has to be extracted from its ore by electrolysis?

A

Fe

Na

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Pb

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Zn

29 Aluminium is produced by the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide.

waste gases

carbon electrodes
(positive)

carbon electrode
(negative)

purified aluminium
oxide dissolved in
molten cryolite
molten aluminium

Which statement about the process is correct?

A

Aluminium ions are reduced to aluminium by gaining electrons.

Aluminium oxide is reduced by cryolite.

Aluminium oxide is reduced by the carbon electrodes.

Aluminium oxide is reduced by the carbon monoxide formed at the negative electrode.

30 Hydrides are compounds of an element and hydrogen only.

Which statement is not correct?
A

The hydride of carbon that contains four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom, is a gas
called methane.

The hydride of chlorine dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution.

The hydride of nitrogen is manufactured in the Haber process.

The hydride of oxygen is a liquid at room temperature.

31 In the extraction of iron from its ore in the blast furnace, limestone is added.
What is the function of the limestone?
A

to decrease the melting point of the iron

to produce carbon monoxide for the reduction of the iron ore

to produce heat to melt the iron formed

to remove sand

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32 Two pieces of iron, one with zinc attached and the other with copper attached, are placed
separately in water as shown.
Y

water

water

iron

iron

zinc

copper

Which statements are correct?

The iron in Y will not rust.

The water in Z will turn blue.

The zinc in Y will be oxidised.

1, 2 and 3

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

33 A diagram of a biogas generator is shown.

gas pipe

inlet for
vegetable matter
decaying
vegetable matter

outlet for slurry

digester

The gas, if collected, can be used as a fuel.

However, if the gas is allowed to escape it becomes an atmospheric pollutant.
What is the gas?
A

carbon monoxide

methane

nitrogen

sulfur dioxide

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34 Which statement about alkanes is correct?

A

Alkanes are readily polymerised.

Alkanes react with bromine by addition.

Alkanes react with chlorine by substitution.

Butane has three more carbon atoms and eight more hydrogen atoms than methane.

35 Which statement about members of the homologous series of alcohols is correct?

A

An alcohol with two carbon atoms in each molecule is called methanol.

Butanol can be combusted to give carbon dioxide and water only.

Ethanol is the only alcohol that can be oxidised to a carboxylic acid.

Propanol can be made by the catalysed addition of steam to ethene.

36 When cracked, one mole of a compound, X, produces one mole of propene and one mole of
hydrogen.
X C3H6 + H2
What type of compound is X?
A

an alcohol

an alkane

an alkene

a carboxylic acid

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37 The diagram shows the partial structure of a polymer.

O

Which pair of reagents could have been used to form this polymer?
H

O
A

C
H

O
C

C
H

and
H

and

and

C
H

C
H

and

38 Which of the following has not been prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol?
A

O
O

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H
O

C
H

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Magnesium

Sodium

Calcium

Strontium

Key

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series

Actinium

Ac

89

Ra

Radium

88

Fr

Francium

87

Hafnium

72

Lanthanum

57

178

Hf

40

Zirconium

Zr

91

Titanium

139

Yttrium

22

48

Ti

La

39

89

Scandium

21

227

Barium

56

Caesium

45

Sc

226

55

137

Ba

133

Cs

38

Rubidium

37

88

Sr

85

Rb

20

Potassium

19

40

Ca

39

12

24

Mg

23

Na

Beryllium

Lithium

11

Be

II

Li

93

Ta

181

Niobium

Nb

90

58

73

52

96

Mo

184

Protactinium

Thorium

55

Tc
186

Re

144

Nd

92

60

Uranium

238

Neodymium

75

Rhenium

43

Technetium

25

Manganese

Mn
27

59

28

59

29

64

30

65

Ru

101

Iron

190

Pm

Osmium

Os

Np
93

Neptunium

61

Promethium

76

44

Ruthenium

26

56

Fe

Sm

150

Iridium

Pu
94

Plutonium

62

Eu

152

Platinum

Am
95

Americium

63

Europium

78

195

Pt

192

46

Palladium

Pd

106

Nickel

Ni

Ir

Samarium

77

45

Rhodium

Rh

103

Cobalt

Co

Gd

157

Gold

Au

197

Silver

96

64

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

79

47

Ag

108

Copper

Cu

201

Bk

Terbium

Tb

159

Mercury

Hg

97

Berkelium

65

80

48

Cadmium

Cd

112

Zinc

Zn

Dy

162

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

Cf
98

Californium

66

Es

Holmium

Ho

165

Lead

Pb

207

Tin

99

Einsteinium

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

32

Germanium

Ge

73

Silicon

In

Gallium

Dysprosium

81

49

31

70

Ga

14

28

Si

Carbon

27

Aluminium

13

12

Al

Boron

11

75

Sb

122

Arsenic

As

Bi

209

Fermium

Fm

Erbium

Er

167

Bismuth

100

68

83

51

Antimony

33

15

Phosphorus

31

Nitrogen

14

Se

79

Sulfur

Po

169

Md

Thulium

Tm

101

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

52

Tellurium

Te

128

Selenium

34

16

32

Oxygen

16

Yb

173

Astatine

At

Iodine

127

Bromine

Br

80

Chlorine

No
102

Nobelium

70

Ytterbium

85

53

35

17

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

19

Lr

Lutetium

Lu

175

Radon

Rn

Xenon

Xe

131

Krypton

Kr

84

Argon

Ar

40

Neon

103

Lawrencium

71

86

54

36

18

10

Ne

20

Helium

VII

Hydrogen

VI

He

IV

III
1

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

91

Pa

Th

232

Praseodymium

Cerium

59

141

Pr

140

74

Tungsten

42

Molybdenum

24

Chromium

Cr

Ce

Tantalum

41

23

Vanadium

51

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements