The document discusses magnetic fields created by current-carrying conductors. It defines ferromagnetic and non-magnetic materials. It then explains that a magnetic field is created around a magnet, the rotating Earth, and a current-carrying conductor. The direction and strength of the magnetic field depends on the shape of the conductor and direction of current flow. Electromagnets are also discussed, where the strength depends on factors like current size, number of coil turns, and core material.
The document discusses magnetic fields created by current-carrying conductors. It defines ferromagnetic and non-magnetic materials. It then explains that a magnetic field is created around a magnet, the rotating Earth, and a current-carrying conductor. The direction and strength of the magnetic field depends on the shape of the conductor and direction of current flow. Electromagnets are also discussed, where the strength depends on factors like current size, number of coil turns, and core material.
The document discusses magnetic fields created by current-carrying conductors. It defines ferromagnetic and non-magnetic materials. It then explains that a magnetic field is created around a magnet, the rotating Earth, and a current-carrying conductor. The direction and strength of the magnetic field depends on the shape of the conductor and direction of current flow. Electromagnets are also discussed, where the strength depends on factors like current size, number of coil turns, and core material.
The document discusses magnetic fields created by current-carrying conductors. It defines ferromagnetic and non-magnetic materials. It then explains that a magnetic field is created around a magnet, the rotating Earth, and a current-carrying conductor. The direction and strength of the magnetic field depends on the shape of the conductor and direction of current flow. Electromagnets are also discussed, where the strength depends on factors like current size, number of coil turns, and core material.
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Magnetic Effect of Current-Carrying Conductor
(Reviewed and updated on 03/06/2016):
i. a.
Ferromagnetic Materials and Non-Magnetic Materials:
Materials which are attracted to magnets are known asferromagnetic materials or simply as ferrous or magnetic materials. These include, iron, cobalt and nickel as well as the iron-containing alloy, steel.
b. Materials which are not attracted to magnets are known as non-magnetic
materials. These include glass, wood and such metals as aluminium, zinc, lead, copper, silver, gold and alloy such as brass. ii. a.
Magnetic Field (Definition, Causes, Direction and Poles):
Definition: A magnetic field is a space within which a magnetic material and a magnet would experience a force.
b. Causes: A magnetic field is created around:
i. a magnet such as lodestone and artificial magnet; ii. a current-carrying conductor (including electromagnet); iii. the rotating Earth. -----------------------------------------------------i) Magnetic Field Lines of Bar Magnet:
In the diagram, note that:
* the field lines have arrows on them * the field lines come out of N and go into S * the field lines are more concentrated at the poles. The magnetic field is strongest at the poles, where the field lines are most concentrated. --------------------------------------------------ii) A diagram of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire is
The direction of the magnetic lines of force at any point within a magnetic field is the direction: i. that a free north pole placed at that point would move; or, ii. that a plotting compass placed at that point would point. This direction always begins at the north pole and ends at the south pole. At the geographic north of our Earth, there appears to be a magnetic south pole; and conversely, at the geographic south, there appears to be a magnetic north pole - pl. see diagram below:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------d. Poles of Magnet:
i. North pole of a magnet refers to that part of the magnet which would repel the north pole of another magnet or which would be attracted to the south pole of another magnet. When a bar magnet is freely suspended (as in a compass), the north pole (arrow-head) would point approximately to the geographic north of the Earth which contains a magnetic south pole. ii. South pole of a magnet refers to the pole which is opposite to and attracts the north pole of the magnet. When a bar magnet is freely suspended, the south pole would approximately point to the Earths geographic south which contain a magnetic north pole.
iii. A magnet, depending on its shape, invariably has at least a pair of opposite poles. iii.
Magnetic Field (pattern, direction, strength) in Current-Carrying Conductor:
i. When there is current flowing in a conductor, a magnetic field is created in the space around the conductor. And, the conductor may be of any shape such as: a. a straight wire b. a coil; or, c. a solenoid (multiple continuous coils) ii. The pattern and direction of the magnetic field created due to current in a conductor depends on the shape of the conductorand the direction of current: a. In a Straight Wire i. The pattern of magnetic field lines is that of concentric circles around the conductor.
Current (I) through a wire produces a magnetic field (B). The field is oriented according to the Right-hand Grip Rule.
ii. The direction of the magnetic field lines may be summarized by: 1. Right-hand Grip Rule (diagram above); or, 2. Maxwells Screw Rule (diagram below)
iii. The strength of the magnetic field is:
1. stronger near the current than further away 2. stronger when the current is increased 1. 2. 3. a. b.
iv. when the direction of the current changes,
the pattern remains the same the direction of the magnetic field lines reverses the strength of the magnetic field depends on the same two factors: proximity (nearness) to current; and, size of the current.
b. In a Coil Magnetic Field Around a Coil
i. The pattern of magnetic field lines is that of compressed circles around the conductor with the circles flattened within the coil resulting in the lines more closely spaced within the coil than outside it and at the centre, the line is straight. ii. The direction of the magnetic field lines around the coil at any point may be summarized by 1. Right-hand Grip Rule; 2. Looking at the direction of the current from each end of the coil. The field lines around the two wires are in opposite direction. iii. The strength of the magnetic field is: 1. stronger within the coil than outside the coil; and, 2. stronger when the current is increased iv. when the direction of the current reverses,
1. the pattern remains the same;
2. but the direction of the magnetic field lines around each wire reverses; 3. the strength of the magnetic field depends on the same factors: a. stronger within the coil; and, b. stronger when the current increases. c. Magnetic Field Around a Solenoid
The crosses are wires in which current is moving into the page; the dots are wires in which current is moving up out of the page. i. The pattern of magnetic field lines is that of compressed circles around the conductor with the circles flattened within the solenoid resulting in the lines more closely and evenly spaced within the coil than outside it and at the centre, the line is straight. ii. The direction of the magnetic field lines around the solenoid and the north pole and south pole of the solenoid may be summarized by 1. Right-hand Grip Rule; or,
2. Looking at the direction of the current from each end of the solenoid.
The direction of the field lines inside the solenoid is opposite to the direction of the field lines outside it. iii. The strength of the magnetic field is:
1. stronger and more even within the solenoid than outside the coil; and, 2. stronger when the current is increased iv. when the direction of the current reverses, 1. the pattern remains the same; 2. but the direction of the magnetic field lines around each wire reverses; 3. the strength of the magnetic field depends on the same factors: a. stronger within the coil; and, b. stronger when the current increases. v. Experiment in Activity 3.3 at pg. 402 provides the above facts. iii. Factors Affecting Strength of Electromagnet a.
An electromagnet is a temporary magnet consisting of soft ferromagnetic material (usually
soft iron) surrounded by solenoid of many turns of insulated copper wire. When current flows through the solenoid, the soft ferromagnetic material becomes a magnet; when the current is switched off, the magnetism is lost.
b. A simple electromagnet consists of a soft iron core surrounded by a solenoid.
A simple electromagnet consists of a solenoid of many turns of insulated wire wrapped around an iron core. The strength of magnetic field generated is proportional to the amount of current as well as factors stated below. c.
a.
The strength of an electromagnet depends on:
i. The size of the current flowing through the solenoid ii. The number of turns of the coils in the solenoid iii. The soft ferromagnetic material used soft iron being ideal iv. The shape of the soft ferromagnetic material used M-shaped being better than Ushaped; and U-shaped being better than a cylindrical core; iv. Uses of Electromagnets Electromagnetic Lifting Machine
b. The Electric Bell
c.
The Electromagnetic Relay
d. The Telephone Earpiece
How does a telephone earpiece work?
e.
The Circuit Breaker
The Working Of A Circuit Breakers Through A Diagram :
