CH 01

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 1 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM
Number revision
Jemma and Michael are

playing a game of darts. It is
Jemmas turn and she has
thrown her darts as shown in
the photograph. Can you
calculate the number of
points scored?
Jemma and Michael
continue to play the game.
The results of their throws of
3 darts in each round are
shown in the table below.
Jemma
Michael
double 13, 20,

triple 9
18, 2,
double 16
8, double 18,
triple 1
triple 20, 25, 7
50, double 17,

12
double 19, 20,

triple 5
double 4, 12, 9
17, double 9, 6
This chapter will revise

your skills in working with
whole numbers, fractions
and decimal numbers.
Maths Quest 8 for Victoria
Basic operations
Early humans developed a system of numbers for counting. The Babylonians imprinted
cunieform (wedge-shaped) numbers into wet clay with a stylus. They recorded information such as wages due and ages of animals on baked clay tablets over 3000 years
ago. For numbers greater than 60, a type of arithmetic was used.
As young children we learn to count our fingers and toes. Usually there are ten of
each, and a system of ten is used for metric measurement. In 1966, Australia converted
to a decimal currency.
Numbers are all around us. We use numbers in all sorts of ways counting, shopping, telephone numbers, measuring, for references, in day-to-day conversation and for
basic calculations. We use numbers to count our age. Can you think of any other ways
that people use numbers in their lives?
It is useful to be able to do some quick mental calculations or use pen and paper,
without having to rely on a calculator.
There are four basic mathematical operations:
+ Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
The following exercise revises each of these operations using whole numbers.
WORKED Example 1
Calculate 96 + 24.
THINK
1
2
WRITE
Write the numbers in columns with the

tens and units lined up.
Add the units first and then the tens.
916
+ 214
11210
WORKED Example 2
Calculate 126 38.

THINK
1
WRITE
Write the numbers in columns with the

larger one above the smaller one and
hundreds, tens and units lined up.
Subtract using one of the methods used
in Maths Quest 7.
Method 1
11216
38
88
Method 2
12 16
31 8
88
Remember that 2 could be added to both parts of the problem in worked example 2 so
that you could work it out in your head.
126 38 = 128 40 = 88
Chapter 1 Number revision
WORKED Example 3
Calculate 78 34.
THINK
1
WRITE
2 3
Write the numbers one under the other.
78
314
Multiply by the units digit. ( 4)

Write a zero and multiply by the tens digit. ( 3)
131112
2131410
Finally, add the two answers.
2161512
A good way to check the answer is to round each number to the nearest 10 or 100.
In this example 78 34 80 30 = 2400 which is close to the answer found.
If multiplying by a three digit number, multiply by the units first, then the tens and
finally the hundreds.
WORKED Example 4
Calculate 6308 265.

THINK
1
2
3
4
5
6
Write the numbers one under the other.

Multiply by the units digit. ( 5)
Write a zero and multiply by the tens
digit. ( 6)
Write two zeros and multiply by the hundreds
digit. ( 2)
Add the three answers.
Check the answer by rounding.
WRITE
11
6 3 4048
111121615
1 1311151410
131718141810
1121611161010
1161711161210
6308 265 6000 300 = 1 800 000
which is close to the worked answer.
WORKED Example 5
Calculate 687 9, rounding the answer to 2 decimal places.

THINK
Write the question as shown and divide,

adding zeros until one more than the
required number of decimal places has been
worked.
Write the question and answer,
rounding the answer to 2 decimal
places.
Check the answer by rounding.
WRITE
9)6756.131313
9)6857.303030
687 9 76.33 (2 decimal places)

687 9 700 10 = 70 This is close.
Remember that means is approximately equal to. In this case 76.33 is an approximate answer because .003 3333 . . . is being left off. An exact answer to this question
would be 76.3, using the dot above the three to indicate that it is repeated infinitely.
These four operations are often used to solve worded problems.
WORKED Example 6
At a party 48 people each
have 4 glasses of soft
drink. How many glasses
of soft drink are
consumed altogether?
THINK
1
WRITE
48 4
Read the question carefully and

determine the appropriate operation.
Then write a mathematical expression
which will help to solve the problem.
Use the appropriate method to solve the
problem.
438
4
1
Write the answer in a sentence.
11912
192 glasses were drunk at the party.
remember
remember
1. There are four basic operations:
+ addition multiplication subtraction and division.
2. Use rounding to check answers to the nearest 10 or 100.
3. The symbol means approximately equal to.
WORKED
Example
WORKED
Example
4
WORKED
Example
Example
The four
operations
L Spread
XCE
74 32
678 89
6790 548
10 657 3732
c
f
i
l
56 18
835 57
45 386 9034
11 274 4187
3 Calculate each of the following.

a 11 6
b 12 7
d 41 19
e 698 32
g 34 278 63
h 3732 89
c
f
i
25 18
7891 56
2745 47

a 123 245
b 546 172
d 3708 251
e 3254 393
c
f
6401 164
5137 416
5 Calculate each of the following, rounding the answer to 2 decimal places where
appropriate.
a 64 4
b 357 6
c 162 7
d 890 4
e 4785 4
f 3692 6
g 34 765 5
h 325 12
i 36 833 16
j 87 906 23
6 Calculate each of the following, rounding the answer to
appropriate.
a 357 6
b 284 + 8764
c
d 647 32
e 937 12
f
g 365 + 422 + 1849
h 473 13
i
j 541 12
k 13 861 3139
l
WORKED
L Spread
XCE
2 decimal places where

8386 11
1206 + 257 + 7865
978 12
86 132
7 The classrooms at Straight Line Secondary School have 13 rows of desks with 5 desks
in each row. How many desks are there in each classroom?
8 Stephen was organising a Guess the number of Lollies competition for his school fete.
He put 2347 lollies in the jar, but when he wasnt looking, his little brother and his
friends ate 343 of the lollies. How many were left?
9 For their outstanding results in a recent Science project, a group of six students was
given a bag containing 102 smarties. If they were divided up evenly, how many would
each student receive?
10 If each member of a class of 24 students brings in $5 as a donation to a charity, how
much money would the class have raised?
11 In a particular year level there are 184 students. If 98 are boys, how many are girls?
The four
operations
(DIY)
HEET
1.1
SkillS
Math
HEET
SkillS
Example

a 39 21
b
d 43 27
e
g 980 643
h
j 76 943 31 397
k
31 + 28
Basic
46 + 75
operations
21 567 + 3897
789 + 9086 + 67
6904 + 5789 + 32 027
sheet
WORKED
b
d
f
h
j
Tangle
tables
sheet

a 12 + 17
c 52 + 39
e 4507 + 3243
g 54 + 67 + 908
i 43 890 + 2143 + 78 + 8906
Tables
cad
Example
Basic operations
L Spread
XCE
sheet
WORKED
gram
1A
GC pro
1.2
Order of operations
In the previous exercise, the four basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division were used. Mathematics, like music, is an international language
so a few rules are needed to ensure that mathematicians find the same answer to a given
question. Mathematicians have agreed on some rules about the order in which to do the
four operations. An easy way to help remember the order is written below.
This means that any part in Brackets must be
calculated first, followed by any Of parts of the
B rackets
question. After that, Division and Multiplication
Of
must be done in the order that they appear in the
question from left to right, and finally Addition
D ivision
and Subtraction must be worked from left to
M ultiplication
right.
{
{ AS ddition
ubtraction
WORKED Example 7
Evaluate 36 + 6 3.
THINK
1
2
WRITE
Write the question.

Use BODMAS to decide which part to
calculate first and work it.
(Multiplication)
Complete the question. (Add)
36 + 6 3
= 36 + 18
= 54
WORKED Example 8
Evaluate 21 + (16 5) (12 3) 4.

THINK
1
2
3
4
WRITE
Write the question.

Use BODMAS to decide which part to
calculate first and work it. (Brackets)
Work the next part. (Multiplication)
Work the last part. (Addition and
Subtraction)
21 + (16 5) (12 3) 4
= 21 + 11 4 4
= 21 + 44 4
= 61
remember
remember
The order to work operations is:
Brackets, Of, Division and Multiplication from left to right, Addition and
Subtraction from left to right.
1B
Order of operations
1 Evaluate the following.

a 56 + 13 6
b 3+86
7
e 28 4 + 9
f 25 (3 + 7)
i 75 100 20 j 7 + 22 3
c (51 + 5) 7
g 7 ( 1--2- of 20)
k 11 + 6 2

a 64 + ( 1--2- of 18) 5
8
c 72 8 3 (11 5)
e 8 + (5 4) (12 6)
g 24 + 11 3 + 4 16
i 13 2 + 19 ( 1--2- of 20)
b
d
f
h
j
WORKED
d (36 23) 2
h 18 + 24 2
l 15 6 2
WORKED
Example
3 multiple choice
a 4 + 8 3 20 4 + 6 is equal to:
A 10
B 37
C 8
b 55 9 (6 3) + 50 2 is equal to:
A 68
B 53
C 39
36 (7 + 2) 11
72 8 6 + 11
125 (6 7) + 11
8 + 16 3 5 + 45 9
1
- of 360) (42 7) + 5 6
( ----10
D 29
E 30
D 163
E 94
QUEST
GE
EN
M AT H
4 State whether the use of brackets makes a difference to the answer in each of the pairs
of questions below. (Remember to use BODMAS.)
a 4+83
(4 + 8) 3
b 27 6 2
27 (6 2)
c 1--2- of 20 5
( 1--2- of 20) 5
d 36 2 + 4
36 (2 + 4)
e 36 24 4 + 2
(36 24) 4 + 2
f 7 12 2 9
7 (12 2) 9
g 37+42
3 (7 + 4) 2
h 84 21 3 + 7
(84 21) 3 + 7
CH
LL
1 Find the number which is as much less than 86 as it is more than 20.
2 Using five 3s and no other numbers, combine them using addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division and brackets as needed, to produce
each of the following values: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
(Hint: 1 = 3 3 3 3 3)
3 Show a quick way to find the value of 25 (1958 + 1958 + 1958 + 1958)
without using a calculator.
4 A snail is climbing the stem of a plant which is 150 cm tall. Each day
from 8 am to 8 pm it climbs 20 cm and each night from 8 pm to 8 am it
slides down 10 cm. Starting from ground level, how many hours will it
take for the snail to reach the top?
Math
cad
Example
Order of
operations
8
The New
New York Museum of Modern Ar
Artt
discov
disco
ver
ered
ed this after studying the Matisse
painting Le Bateau
Bateau ffor
or 47 days!
days!
Answer the whole number questions

to find the puzzle answer code.
35
64
87
23
+ 68
S
421 307
=
6(16 2 3) + 62
=
17
24
G
A
1026
748
1875
1549
7 23
=
774 =
9
1048 889
=
240 + 8 8
6
40 + 70 + 30 + 60
=
7
18
29
32
14
+ 36
132 + 8 7
2
I
12 1164
H
D
572 4
=
52 + 28 + 17 + 33
=
16 8
=
7 822
21
46
32
20
+ 19
14
19
3(8 + 7 4)
=
582
397
278 143 326 277 266 128 408 114 185 104 130 122
136
161
159 200 126
97
138
94
86
108
Factors, multiples, prime and

composite numbers
Sometimes in mathematics there are terms (or words) which need to be learned, so that
mathematicians all around the world can communicate and be sure of understanding
exactly what they all mean. Here are a few of these terms.
Factors
A factor is a whole number that divides exactly into another whole number, with no
remainder. A pair of numbers can have a highest common factor (HCF) or a lowest
common factor (LCF).
Multiples
A multiple of a whole number is found when that number is multiplied by another
whole number. A pair of numbers can have a lowest common multiple (LCM). Two
numbers cant have a highest common multiple. Why not?
Prime numbers
A prime number is a number that has two factors only, 1 and the number itself. The
number 1 is not a prime number. Are there any even prime numbers?
Composite numbers
A composite number is any number other than 1, which is not a prime number. A
composite number has more than two different factors. The number 1 is not a composite
number.
WORKED Example 9
Find all the factors of 36.
THINK
1
Find the factor pairs of the number.

Remember that 1 and the number itself
are both factors.
List the factors in order from smallest
to largest.
WRITE
1 36, 2 18, 3 12, 4 9, 6 6
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
WORKED Example 10
Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 12 and 15.
THINK
1
2
3
List the factors of 12.

List the factors of 15.
Compare the lists to find the highest
factor which is in both lists.
WRITE
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
1, 3, 5, 15
The HCF of 12 and 15 is 3.
10
WORKED Example 11
Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 4.
THINK
WRITE
List the first few multiples of 6.
6, 12, 18, 24, 30
List the first few multiples of 4.
4, 8, 12, 16, 24
Find the lowest common multiple or the

lowest multiple which is in both lists.
The lowest common multiple is 12.
One way of finding a common multiple is to multiply the two numbers together but this
does not always give the lowest common multiple.
WORKED Example 12
List the numbers from 11 to 20 inclusive which are prime numbers.
THINK
WRITE
List all of the numbers from 11 to 20.
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
Cross out all of the even numbers

because they have a factor of 2.
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
List the factors of the remaining

numbers.
11
13
15
17
19
List the numbers that have only two

factors.
The prime numbers from 11 to 20 are 11, 13,

17 and 19.
1, 11
1, 13
1, 3, 5, 15
1, 17
1, 19
remember
remember
1. A factor is a whole number that divides exactly into another whole number,
with no remainder.
2. A multiple of a whole number is found when that number is multiplied by
another whole number.
3. A prime number is a number that has two factors only, 1 and the number itself.
The number 1 is not a prime number.
4. A composite number is any number other than 1, which is not a prime number.
A composite number has more than two factors.
5. The number 1 is the exception. It is neither composite nor prime.
Factors, multiples, prime and

composite numbers
1C
Number
Example
WORKED
Example
11
WORKED
Example
12
10
12
65
34
100
63
60
27
21
62
23
17
80
14
46
56
Factors
Math
Factors,
multiples,
prime and
composite
numbers
3 Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 12 and 20.
GC pro
4 Using the table in question 2 or otherwise, find the highest common factor (HCF) for
HCF and
each of the following pairs of numbers.
LCM
a 21 and 63
b 3 and 60
c 80 and 100
d 46 and 62
e 21 and 56
f 21 and 23
g 46 and 80
h 56 and 62
5 Find the lowest common multiple of 6 and 11.
HEET
6 List the first six multiples of each of the following.

a 3
b 5
c 7
e 4
f 13
g 21
gram
10
Number
cad
WORKED
Factors
1.3
HEET
2 Complete the following table, listing all of the factors for each of the numbers.
SkillS
1 Find all the factors of 24.
1.4
SkillS
Example
d 10
h 22
7 List the numbers from 20 to 40 inclusive which are prime numbers.

8 Copy the table below into your workbook.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
9 List the numbers in the table from question 2 which are prime numbers.
10 Find the lowest common multiple of 11 and 24.
11 List all the multiples of 3 from 20 to 50 inclusive.
L Spread
XCE
Sieve of
Eratosthenes
sheet
a Circle all of the prime numbers.

b Mark all of the composite numbers green.
c How many prime numbers are there between 1 and 50 inclusively?
WORKED
11
12
QUEST
GE
EN
M AT H
12 Find the highest common factor of 120 and 80.

13 List the first 10 multiples of 5. What pattern do you notice?
14 With the exception of 2, prime numbers can end in only one of five digits. What are
they and why?
15 Find the highest common factor of 45 and 63.
CH
AL
1 I have only four factors, two of which are 2 and 4. I am less than 10.
What number am I?
2 I am a multiple of 6. I have 3 and 8 as two of my factors and I am
between 20 and 30. What number am I?
3 I have both 3 and 9 as factors and I am a multiple of 15. I am less than
50. What number am I?
Squares and square roots

Squaring a number means multiplying the number by itself. One way to remember this
is to think about drawing the number as a square shape.
32 =
52 =
3 squared can be written as 32.

3 3 = 9 can be written as 32 = 9.
=9
= 25
5 squared can be written as 52.

5 5 can be written as 52 = 25.
The opposite or inverse of squaring a number is to find its square root. The square
root of a number is the number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original
number. The square root of 9 is 3 because 3 3 = 9 or 32 = 9.
If a square number is drawn as a square shape, as shown above, the square root is the
side length of the square. The symbol for finding the square root is . For larger square
roots use a calculator as it has a square root key on it.
WORKED Example 13
Evaluate 122.
THINK
1
2
A number squared means multiply the

number by itself.
Evaluate, either mentally or using a
calculator.
WRITE
122 = 12 12
= 144
13
WORKED Example 14
Evaluate: a
64
72 (round to 2 decimal places).
THINK
WRITE
a Either use a calculator or compute

in your head to find what number
multiplied by itself equals 64.
64 = 8
72 8.485
Use a calculator to find what number

multiplied by itself equals 72. Write
one more decimal place than
required.
Round to the required number of
decimal places.
8.49 (2 decimal places)
The answer to worked example 14 can be checked. The answer to 72 should be

bigger than 8 because 64 = 8 and it should be less than 9 because 81 = 9 . The
answer 8.49 is between 8 and 9.
remember
remember
1. When a number is multiplied by itself, the answer is a square number.
2. The square root of a number is the number which multiplies by itself to give
the original number.
1D
Squares and square roots

Math
14 14
65 65
WORKED
c 112
g 342
d 142
h 2452
c
g
k
d
h
l
L Spread
XCE
Example
Squares
and square
roots

a
b
9
14a
e
f
121
i
j
1600
WORKED
Example
36
576
2500
49
100
6400
4 Evaluate the following, rounding the answer to 2 decimal places.

a
b
c
d
65
21
140
14b
81
900
14 400
sheet
2 Evaluate the following squares.

a 62
b 52
13
e 232
f 672
c
f
cad
1 Rewrite the following using the shorthand method.

a 44
b 12 12
d 20 20
e 34 34
Squares
and square
roots (DIY)
WORKED
a 3 +4
2
64 + 400 9
b 12 7
2
e 152 82
52
333
+ 100
144 + 11 2
ET
SHE
Work
Example
1.1
14
Darts competition
Have you played darts before? Different regions
20
on the dartboard score a different number of
points. The diagram shows the regions where you
double points (40)
can score double points or triple points.
20
There are a number of different games you can
triple points (60)
play with various rules for scoring. Jemma and
Michael are playing a game where you must throw
20
a double before you can start scoring. Each player
25
takes turns to throw 3 darts in each round.
50 (bullseye)
A player starts with a score of 301 and subtracts
their score obtained in each round until they reach
0. The winner is the person who reaches 0 first. The only condition is that the last
throw must land on a double score.
1 What is the highest score that can be obtained on the throw of one dart?
2 If Jemmas first throw hit a double 13, the second hit 20 and the third hit triple
9, what is her overall score at the end of round 1? (Remember to start from 301.)
3 Michaels 3 darts hit 18, 2 and double 16. What is his overall score at the end
of round 1?
4 Use the table on page 1 to calculate each persons overall score at the end of
each round.
5 For Jemma to win in the next round, she needs to finish with a double. List
three different sets of positions on the board that her darts must hit for her to
win in this round.
6 Repeat question 5 for Michael.
7 If you were playing and your overall score was 45, list 5 possible scenarios for
how you could win in the next round.
1
1 Calculate 753 + 2073 + 32 + 3.
2 The result of 3023 13 is
3 Is the following statement true or false? 9328 5 = 1865.6

4 List all the prime numbers from 40 to 50 inclusive.
5 List all the factors of 42.
6 Use BODMAS to calculate 40 + 3 18 15.
2
7 Evaluate --- of 99 5 (27 3).
3
8 Write down the highest common factor of 8 and 10.
9 Write down the lowest common multiple of 4 and 6.
1
10 Evaluate 132 + 0.032 --- of 144 , rounding the answer to 2 decimal places.
3
15
Estimation
Sometimes it is convenient to be able to make calculations without a calculator: an
estimation of the answer is enough. Rounding to the first digit means that many
calculations can be done mentally and with very little effort.
Estimation works in the same way, whichever of the four basic operations are being
used.
WORKED Example 15
Find an estimate for 2835 17.

THINK
1
2
3
WRITE
Write the question.

Round each number to the first digit.
Calculate the answer in your head if
possible. Otherwise do it on paper.
2835 17
3000 20
= 150
The estimate can be checked by using a calculator. However, that is not the purpose of
a quick estimation. An estimation is a way of checking a calculation. For example, if
the worked answer to 2835 17 is 166.76, then an estimation of 150 is reasonably
close and suggests that the working is correct.
It is not necessary to round numbers from 1 to 12, because it is easy enough to
multiply or divide by these numbers.
WORKED Example 16
A total of 63 people have accepted the
Mad Hatters invitation to a tea party.
He expects that each of the guests will
drink about 8 cups of tea. Estimate how
many cups of tea the Mad Hatter needs
to be ready to pour.
THINK
1
2
3
4
Decide which operation is required, and

use it to write a mathematical
expression.
Round off to the first digit.
(Dont round numbers less than 13.)
Multiply.
Write a sentence.
WRITE
63 8
60 8
= 480
The Mad Hatter needs to be ready to pour
approximately 480 cups of tea.
16
Note: If the 63 people each drank 8 cups of tea, 480 would not be enough because 63
has been rounded down to 60. Three people, or 4 if the Mad Hatter is counted, have not
been included.
Estimation is also a good way to make sure that the answer to a question worked on
a calculator looks right and makes sense.
remember
remember
1. To estimate, round to the first digit and work out the answer to the simplified problem.
2. Estimating is a way of checking calculations.
3. An estimation is an approximate answer.
1E
1.5
SkillS
HEET
Estimation
1 Find an estimate for each of the following.

a 78 21
b 297 + 36
15
d 235 + 67 + 903
e 1256 678
g 56 891
h 1108 53
j 907 88
k 326 89 4
m (426 + 1076) 21
n 7 211 832
p (12 384 6910) (214 + 67)
WORKED
Example
c
f
i
l
o
587 78
789 34
345 + 8906 23 + 427
2378 109
977 10 37
2 Complete the table below with the rounded question, the estimated answer and the
exact answer. The first one has been worked.
Mat
d
hca
Spreadshe
Question
Rounded
question
Estimated
answer
Exact
answer
789 56
800 60
48 000
44 184
124 5
678 + 98 + 46
235 209
7863 908
63 726
39 654 227
1809 786 + 467
21 78 234
942 89
et
EXCEL
Estimation
The four
operations
3 If 127 people came to a school social and each paid $5 admittance, find an estimate for
the amount of money collected.
16
WORKED
Example
17
4 Find an approximate answer to each of the worded problems below. Remember to write
your answer in a sentence.
a A company predicted that it would sell 13 cars in a month at $28 999 each. About
how much money would they take in sales?
b A tap was leaking 8 mL of water each hour. Approximately how many millilitres of
water would be lost if the tap was allowed to leak for 78 hours?
c The Year 8 cake stall sold 176 pieces of cake for 95 cents each. How much money
did they make?
d Steven swam 124 laps of a 50 m pool and, on average,
each lap took him 47 seconds. If he swam non-stop, for
approximately how many seconds was he swimming?
e An audience of 11 784 people attended a recent
Savage Garden concert at Melbourne Park and paid
$54 each for their tickets. How much money was
taken at the door?
f A shop sold 4289 articles at $4.20 each. How much
money was paid altogether?
g On Clean Up Australia Day, 19 863 people volunteered
to help. If they each picked up 196 pieces of rubbish,
how many pieces of litter were collected altogether?
Addition and subtraction of fractions

A fraction has two parts, the top part which is called the numerNumerator
2
ator and the bottom part which is called the denominator.
Denominator
3
A proper fraction has a numerator that is less than the
denominator such as 3--5- .
An improper fraction has a numerator greater than the
this line means divide
denominator such as 7--3- .
A mixed number contains a whole number part and a proper fraction part such as 7 5--8- .
Equivalent fractions are fractions that are equal in value 1--2- = 2--4- .
When adding and subtracting fractions, the denominators must be the same.
WORKED Example 17
4 3
Simplify --- --- .
5 4
THINK
1
Write the question.
Find the lowest common denominator; that

is, the lowest multiple common to both.
Write both fractions with the same

denominator; that is, the lowest
common denominator.
Subtract. (Simplify if appropriate.)
WRITE
4 3
--- --5 4
44 35
= ------------ -----------54 45
=
16
-----20
1
-----20
15
-----20
18
When adding and subtracting mixed numbers, they can be changed to improper
fractions first, then worked as shown in worked example 17. However, it is often better
to add or subtract the whole number parts first and then the fraction parts.
WORKED Example 18
Calculate 2 2--3- + 3 1--2- .

THINK
WRITE
2 2--3- + 3 1--2-
Write the question.
Write the fraction parts with the same denominator.
= 2 4--6- + 3 3--6-
Add the whole number parts.
= 5 4--6- +
Add the fraction parts.
= 5 7--6-
Convert the improper fraction part to a mixed number.
= 5 + 1 1--6-
Add the whole number parts.
= 6 1--6-
3
--6
A rough estimate can be found by adding or subtracting the whole number. For
example, 2 + 3 = 5, so 2 2--3- + 3 1--2- > 5.
If the first fraction part is smaller than the second fraction part when subtracting
fractions, use the method of equal addition as shown in Maths Quest 7.
WORKED Example 19
Calculate 4 1--5- 1 1--2- .

THINK
WRITE
4 1--5- 1 1--2-
Write the question.
Write both fraction parts with the same denominator.
2
5
- 1 -----= 4 ----10
10
Add the appropriate fraction to both fractions to make

the second mixed number equal to a whole number.
5
- in this example.)
(Add ----10
2
- +
= (4 ----10
Subtract.
7
= 2 ----10
Graphics Calculator tip! Fractions

If using a graphics calculator, use the key to
enter fractions. Remember to end each calculation by pressing MATH , selecting 1: Frac
and pressing ENTER . This gives an answer
expressed as a fraction. (Note: Mixed numbers
will be shown as improper fractions.)
5
------ )
10
7
- 2
= 4 ----10
5
- +
(1 ----10
5
------ )
10
19
remember
remember
1. To add or subtract fractions with the same denominator, add or subtract the
numerators.
2. To add or subtract fractions with different denominators, make the
denominators the same by using equivalent fractions, then add or subtract.
3. To add or subtract mixed numbers, either:
(a) change the mixed numbers to improper fractions then add or subtract, or
(b) add or subtract the whole numbers, then the fraction parts.
4. If the fraction part of the second fraction is bigger than the fraction part of the
first fraction, make the second mixed number into a whole number by adding
an appropriate fraction. Then add or subtract.
Addition and subtraction of

fractions
1F
sheet
L Spread
XCE
Adding and
subtracting
fractions
cad
Math
3
-----17
6
-----17
21
-----27
16
-----27
6
-----17
2
-----17
4
-----17
3
-----15
11
-----15
2
-----15
Adding and
subtracting
fractions
2 Simplify the following fractions, writing the answer as a mixed number if appropriate.
a
Example
17
4
--5
7
--8
3
--8
7
--8
3
--4
5
--8
6
-----10
2
--5
9
-----10
8
-----12
5
--7
3
--8
6
--8
41
-----50
24
-----50
6
-----50
8
-----25
34
-----50
7
-----25
21
-----30
5
--6
HEET
1.6
3 Simplify the following.

a
2
--5
1
--4
3
--4
5
--6
2
--7
1
--2
9
-----10
HEET
1.7
SkillS
WORKED
3
--5
SkillS
1 Simplify the following fractions, working from left to right.
4 Simplify and evaluate. (Remember to write your answers as mixed numbers.)
WORKED
Example
18
28
-----36
4
--7
20
-----8
6
--4
17
-----10
6
--5
Example
19
6
--3
11
-----36
16
-----7
3
--7
3
-----15
16
-----5
8
--5
54
-----23
21
-----23
7
-----12
14
-----12
21
-----24
6
-----24
125
--------60
5
--4
15
-----9
7
--6
14
-----3
35
-----24
7
--6
12
-----60
34
-----60
9
-----12
+
+
HEET
9
-----24
3
--2
8
--5
5
--3
5 Calculate the following.

a 2 3--5- + 4 1--5-
b 6 7--9- 3 5--9-
e 6 7--8- + 4 3--8-
1 4--9- + 5 5--9-
2
4 3--4- + 5 1--6- + 3 ----12
8 4--5- 4 1--5-
d 8 5--6- 4 1--6-
g 6 1--4- + 3 2--8-
h 12 2--5- + 8 7--9-
4
1 2--5- + 3 1--3- 2 ----15
10 1--4- 5 2--5-

3
a 5 3--5- 2 ----10
b 6 1--2- 3 5--6-
7 If Mary eats 5--8- of a block of chocolate for afternoon tea, and

of the block has she eaten altogether?
d 4 1--8- 2 3--53
--8
after dinner, how much
SkillS
7
--3
i
WORKED
1.8
20
8 Seven bottles of soft drink were put out onto the table at a birthday party.
How much soft drink was left over after 5 2--9- bottles were consumed?
9 Frank has a part-time job at the local newsagency. If he spends 1--3of his pay on comic books, and 2--5- on lollies, what fraction of his
pay does he have left over?
10 In my class, 1--3- of the students ride their bikes to school, 1--4- catch the
bus and the rest get a lift. What fraction of my class get a lift to school?
11 A Year 8 class organised a cake stall to raise some money. If they had
10 whole cakes to start with, and sold 2 3--4- cakes at recess and then 5 7--8at lunch time, how much cake was left over?
Multiplication and division of fractions

To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. It does
not matter if the denominators are different. Change the mixed numbers to improper
fractions before multiplying.
WORKED Example 20
Simplify 2 1--4- 1 5--7- .

THINK
WRITE
Write the question.
Change the mixed numbers to improper

fractions and cancel if possible.
Multiply the numerators and multiply the

denominators.
Change to a mixed number and simplify if

appropriate.
2 1--4- 1 5--79 12 3
= ----1- -------7
4
27
= -----7
= 3 6--7-
Division is the same as multiplying by the second fraction turned upside down.
WORKED Example 21
Find 2 1--4- 3--8- .

THINK
WRITE
2 1--4-
3
--8
Write the question.
Change mixed numbers to improper fractions.
Change to and tip the second fraction,

( and tip), and cancel if appropriate.
9 3
= --- --4 8
93 82
= ----1- ----14 3
Multiply numerators and denominators.
=32
Simplify if appropriate.
=6
21
remember
remember
1. To multiply fractions:
(a) change mixed numbers to improper fractions
(b) cancel if appropriate
(c) multiply numerators and multiply denominators
(d) change the answer to a mixed number if appropriate and simplify.
2. To divide fractions:
(a) change mixed numbers to improper fractions
(b) change the to and tip the second fraction ( and tip)
(c) cancel if appropriate
(d) multiply numerators and multiply denominators
(e) change the answer to a mixed number and simplify if appropriate.
Multiplication and division of

fractions
Example
20
3
--4
1
--2
1
--8
1
--7
2
--5
1
--2
5
--6
3
--7
7
--9
11
-----20
5
--8
11
-----20
2
--3
9
-----10
6
--7
5
--7
1
--3
2
--3
1
--3
3
--5
14
-----15
5
--6
3
-----10
3
--5

a 3 1--2- 1 3--5-
2
1
- 1 --b 1 ----10
5
2 2--3- 1 1--2-
d 3 2--4- 2 1--2-
9
-
e 8 ----10
5 3--4- 2 2--5-
g 6 2 1--6-
h 1 3--5-
4 3--4- 2 1--2-
7
-----10
5
--8
WORKED
Example
21
1
--3
1
--2
7
--8
3
--2
4
-----14
2
--5
1
--4
3
--4
7
--8
5
--6
8
--9
12
-----15
1
--5
10
-----12
3
--4
3
--8
4
--3
1
--3
4 Find the following.

6
3
- 1 --a 1 ----10
5
b 3 5--7- 2 1--6-
1 1--6-
d 1 5--7-
e 1 1--3-
7
--9
7 8--9- 7 1--2-
1
--3
g 3 1--2- 1 3--5-
5
--6
h 10 4--5- 2 1--2-
2
--1
7
1 ----18
Math
cad
WORKED
Multiplying
and dividing
fractions
Multiplying
and dividing
fractions
HEET
SkillS
sheet
L Spread
XCE
1G
1.9
22

a
3
--4
8
--9
d 2 1--4-
7
--8
g 2 1--6- 2 3--5j
7
-----12
9
-----11
6 Find
3
--4
5
-----18
b 1 2--5- 3 1--2-
8
--9
1 1--3-
e 5 5--6- 3 2--3-
22 2--3- 2 6--9-
h 12 1 1--5-
4 5--6- 7
k 3 1--3- 5 2--3-
4 1--8- 2 3--4-
n 2 2--3- 4 2--3-
o 4
1
--3
of 16. (of has the same meaning as multiplying)
7 An assortment of 75 lollies is to be divided evenly

among 5 children.
a What fraction of the total number of lollies will each
child receive?
b How many lollies will each child receive?
8 Sam has been collecting caps from all around the
world. If he has a total of 160 caps and 1--5- of them are
from the USA, how many non-American caps does
he have?
GAM
me
E ti
Number
revision
001
Work
ET
SHE
1.2
9 In the staff room there is 7--8- of a cake left over

from a meeting. If 14 members of staff would all
like a piece, what fraction will they each
receive?
10 Year 8s cake stall raised $120. If they plan to
give 1--4- to a childrens charity, and 2--3- to a charity for
the prevention of cruelty to animals, how much will each
group receive and how much is left over?
Nude and cute numbers

A nude number is a natural number whose digits are factors of the number.
The number 1 is a factor of all numbers and so is not considered in this definition.
An example of a nude number is 24 as both 2 and 4 are factors of 24.
A number is called cute if it has exactly 4 factors including the number itself.
For example, 10 is a cute number as it has the factors 1, 2, 5 and 10.
1 What is the smallest 2-digit nude number?
2 List all the 2-digit nude numbers.
3 What is the smallest cute number?
4 What is the smallest number which is both cute and nude?
5 How many cute numbers are less than 100?
6 Give an example of a square number that is nude.
7 Are there any square numbers that are cute? Can you explain your answer?
8 List 4 cubes that are cute. Cubes are numbers like 1 (= 13 = 1 1 1),
8 (= 23 = 2 2 2), 27 (= 33 = 3 3 3) and so on.
23
2
1 Evaluate the answer to 6790 54 + 283.
2 Is the following statement true or false? 12 + (5 9) (108 2) = 3
3 Write all the common factors of 32 and 40.
4 Write down the lowest common multiple of 5 and 15.
5 Write the highest common factor of 15 and 60.
0.22 +
6 Evaluate
1
--2
( 50 1) 3, correct to 2 decimal places.
7 A shop sold 1372 newspapers at $1.30 each. Approximately how much money was taken?
8 Simplify
1 2--5- +
3
--4
6
------ .
10
9 Write 2 fractions that, when they are multiplied together, give a result of 6 2--3- .
10 What are the missing numbers?
4
--9
?
--3
1
--?
Fractions to decimal numbers, decimal

numbers to fractions
It is useful to be able to convert fractions to decimal numbers and vice versa. Divide the
numerator of the fraction by the denominator and round the answer to 2 decimal places
if it is not otherwise specified.
WORKED Example 22
Convert the following fractions to decimal numbers, giving exact answers or correct to
2 decimal places where appropriate.
5
a 1--5b 4 ----12
THINK
WRITE
Write the question.

Rewrite the question using division.
Divide, adding zeros as required.
Write the answer
Write the question.
Convert mixed numbers to improper fractions.

Rewrite the question using division.
3
4
Divide, adding three zeros so that the answer is

initially to 3 decimal places.
Round the answer to 2 decimal places.
1
--5
=15
0.2
5)1.0
1
--- = 0.2
5
5
b 4 ----12
-----= 53
12
= 53 12
4. 4 1 6
12)53.502080
5
4 -----12
4.42
24
A calculator can also be used to convert fractions to decimal numbers by entering

53 12 and rounding the answer correctly.
When changing a decimal number to a fraction, rewrite the decimal number as a
fraction with the same number of zeros in the denominator as there are decimal places
in the question. Simplify the fraction by cancelling. If the decimal number has a whole
number part it is easier to write it in expanded form.
2.365 = 2 + 0.365
WORKED Example 23
Convert the following decimal numbers to fractions in simplest form.
a 0.25
b 1.342
THINK
WRITE
a 0.25
Write the question.
Rewrite as a fraction with the same

number of zeros in the denominator
as there are decimal places in the
question. Simplify the fraction by
cancelling.
Write the answer.
Write the question.

Rewrite the decimal number in
expanded form.
Write as a mixed number with the

same number of zeros in the
denominator as there are decimal
places in the question and cancel.
Write the answer.
25 1
= ----------4100
1
--4
b 1.342
= 1 + 0.342
342 171
= 1 + ----------------1000 500
171
= 1 --------500
remember
remember
1. When changing fractions to decimal numbers, divide the numerator of the fraction
by the denominator and round the answer to 2 decimal places if it is not otherwise
specified.
2. When changing a mixed number to a decimal number, write it as an improper
fraction before dividing.
3. When changing a decimal number to a fraction, rewrite the decimal number as a
fraction with the same number of zeros in the denominator as there are decimal
places in the question.
4. Simplify the fraction by cancelling.
1H
25
Fractions to decimal
numbers, decimal numbers
to fractions
Example
f
Example
7
--4
13
-----6
7
-----15
2
--3
decimals,
decimals to
fractions
2 Convert the following mixed numbers to decimal numbers, correct to 2 decimal places.
a 1 5--6-
b 1 3--4-
6 3--4-
g 5 4--7-
-----h 11 11
15
3 2--5-
d 8 4--5i
6 1--2-
9
e 12 ----10
4 1--3-
3 Convert the following decimal numbers, to fractions in simplest form.

a 0.4
b 0.8
c 1.2
d 3.2
e 5.6
23
f 0.75
g 1.30
h 7.14
i 4.21
j 10.04
k 1.333
l 8.05
m 7.312
n 9.940
o 12.045
p 84.126
q 73.90
r 0.0042
WORKED
L Spread
XCE
sheet
22b
WORKED
21
-----25
Math
cad
1 Convert the following fractions to decimal numbers, giving exact answers or correct to
2 decimal places where appropriate.
22a
5
9
Fractions to
a 4--5b 1--4c 3--4d ----e ----12
11
WORKED
Converting
fractions to
decimals
Example
3
--4
were boys. Write this fraction as a decimal number.
sheet
4 Of the people at a school social
L Spread
XCE
Converting
decimals to
fractions
5 Alfonzo ordered a pizza to share with three friends, but he ate 0.6 of it. What fraction
was left for his friends?
6 Alison sold the greatest number of chocolates in her Scouting group. She sold 5--9- of all
chocolates sold by the group. Write this as a decimal number, correct to 2 decimal places.
fractions to
decimals
Addition and subtraction of decimal

numbers
Adding and subtracting decimal numbers is a very useful skill, particularly when
working with money. When adding and subtracting decimals, be sure that the decimal
points are lined up one underneath the other.
WORKED Example 24
Find 4.622 + 38 + 210.07 + 21.309.

THINK
WRITE
Write the numbers one underneath the

other with the decimal points lined up and
fill the spaces with zeros. Then add as for
whole numbers putting the decimal point in
the answer directly under the decimal
points in the question.
4 .6 2 2
3 8 .0 0 0
2 1 0 .0 7 0
+ 2111.31019
2 7 4 .0 0 1
gram
GC pro
7 On a recent science test Katarina worked the bonus question correctly as well as everyConverting
--------- . What is this as a decimal value?
thing else, and her score was 110
100
26
WORKED Example 25
Find 37.6 12.043.

THINK
WRITE
Write the numbers one under the other with

the larger number on top and the decimal
points lined up. Add in the required zeros
and subtract using one of the methods
shown.
Method 1
37.569010
12. 0 4 3
Method 2
37. 6 10 10
12. 01 41 3
25. 5 5 7
25. 5 5 7
remember
remember
When adding and subtracting decimal numbers, be sure that the decimal points are
lined up one underneath the other.
1I
Mat
Example
Spreadshe
et
EXCEL
Adding
and
subtracting
decimals
Adding
decimals
Spreadshe
et
EXCEL

a 8.3 + 4.6
24
c 16.45 + 3.23
e 13.06 + 4.2
g 128.09 + 4.35
i 0.93 + 4.009 + 1.3
k 56.830 + 2.504 + 0.1
m 25.3 + 89 + 4.087 + 7.77
WORKED
d
hca
Adding
decimals
(DIY)
Spreadshe
et
EXCEL
Addition and subtraction of

decimal numbers
Subtracting
decimals

a 4.56 2.32
25
d 63.872 9.051
g 87.25 34.09
j 35 8.97
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
7.2 + 5.8
7.9 + 12.4
5.34 + 2.80
5.308 + 33.671 + 3.74
5.67 + 3 + 12.002
306 + 5.2 + 6.032 + 76.9
34.2 + 7076 + 2.056 + 1.3
WORKED
Example
b
e
h
k
19.97 12.65
43.58 1.25
125.006 0.04
42.1 9.072
3 multiple choice
a The difference between 47.09 and 21.962 is:
A 17.253
B 26.93
C 25.932
b The sum of 31.5 and 129.62 is:
A 98.12
B 161.12
C 150.12
a 56.3 + 52.09 + 6.7
c 908.52 87.04
e 1495.945 2.07
g 7.286 + 5.4 + 2.083 + 1538.82
i 603.9 5.882
b
d
f
h
j
c
f
i
l
124.99 3.33
1709.53 34.6
24.86 1.963
482 7.896
D 26.128
E 25.128
D 444.62
E 132.77
7.9 + 3 + 21.053
53.091 + 6 + 1895.2
439.98 6
12.784 3.9
3965.09 + 3.2 + 256 + 0.006
27
5 Round to the nearest whole number to find an approximate answer to the

following.
a 33.2 + 4.8 10.5
b 59.62 17.71 + 3.6
c 29.5 15.3 + 5.7
d 99.9 + 35.3 5.5
6 a On a recent shopping trip, Salmah spent the following
amounts: $45.23, $102.78, $0.56 and $8.65. How
much did he spend altogether?
b If Salmah started with $200.00, how much did he
have left after the trip?
7 Dagmar is in training for the school athletic carnival. The
first time she ran the 400 m it took her 187.04 seconds.
After a week of intensive training she had reduced her time
to 145.67 seconds. By how much had she cut her time?
Multiplication and division of decimal

numbers
Multiplication
The method for multiplying decimal numbers is almost the same as for multiplying
whole numbers. Ignore the decimal point when multiplying, count the number of digits
after the decimal point in each of the multiplying numbers, then add these numbers
together to find the number of decimal places in the answer.
It is often a good idea to use your estimating skills with decimal multiplication to
check that the answer makes sense.
WORKED Example 26
Calculate, giving an exact answer, 125.678 0.23.

THINK
1
Write the numbers with the larger one on top.

Multiply, starting with the last digit and ignoring
the decimal point.
WRITE
1 1 11
1 2 22
12 5678
023
37 7034
2511 3560
289 0594
Count the number of digits after the decimal

point in each of the multiplying numbers and use
this total as the number of decimal places in the
answer. There are 3 decimal places in 125.678
and 2 in 0.23 so there will be 5 decimal places in
the answer.
125.678 0.23 = 28.905 94
HEET
SkillS
8 Kathie runs each morning before school. On Monday she ran 1.23 km,
on Tuesday she ran 3.09 km, she rested on Wednesday and on both Thursday
and Friday she ran 2.78 km. How many kilometres has she run for the week?
1.10
28
Division
When dividing decimal numbers, make sure that the divisor (the number being divided
by) is a whole number. If the divisor is not a whole number, but a decimal number,
either:
1. write the question as a fraction and multiply the numerator and the denominator by
an appropriate multiple of 10, or
2. multiply both parts of the question (dividend and divisor) by an appropriate multiple
of ten.
Then set out the question as for division of whole numbers and divide as for whole
numbers, placing the decimal point in the answer directly in line with the decimal point
in the question.
WORKED Example 27
Calculate: a 54.6 8
b 89.356 0.06.
Give answers correct to 2 decimal places.
THINK
WRITE
6. 8 2 5
1
2
Write the question as shown, adding

zeros to one more decimal place than
is required. Write the decimal point
in the answer directly above the
decimal point in the question and
divide as for short division.
rounded to the required number of
decimal places.
a 8)54.662040
Write the question.

Multiply both parts by an
appropriate multiple of 10 so that the
divisor is a whole number. (In this
case 100.)
b 89.356 0.06
= (89.356 100) (0.06 100)
= 8935.6 6
54.6 8 6.83 (2 decimal places)
1 4 8 9. 2 6 6
3
Divide, adding zeros to one more

decimal place than required. Write
the decimal point in the answer
directly above the decimal point in
the question and divide as for short
division.
rounded to the required number of
decimal places.
6)8295355.164040
89.356 0.06 1489.27 (2 decimal places)
Rounding to the nearest whole number can be useful when finding how much material
is required to complete a task.
29
remember
remember
1. When multiplying decimal numbers, count the number of digits after the
decimal point in each of the numbers being multiplied and add these together
to find the total number of decimal points in the answer.
2. When dividing, make sure that the divisor is a whole number.
3. When the divisor is a decimal number, make it a whole number either by:
(a) writing the question as a fraction and multiplying the numerator and
denominator by a multiple of 10, or
(b) multiplying both dividend and divisor by an appropriate multiple of ten.
4. When dividing decimal numbers by a whole number, place the decimal point in
the answer directly in line with the decimal point in the question.
1 Calculate the following giving an exact answer.

a 6.2 0.8
b 7.9 1.2
26
d 109.5 5.6
e 5.09 0.4
g 123.97 4.7
h 576.98 2
j 0.6 67.9
k 23.4 6.7
m 52.003 12
n 22.97 0.015
L Spread
XCE
sheet
1J
Multiplication and division

of decimal numbers
Multiplying
decimals
WORKED
Example
65.7 3.2
32.76 2.4
3.4 642.1
0.006 43.6
13.42 0.011
Math
cad
c
f
i
l
o
Multiplying
and
dividing
decimals
L Spread
XCE
3 Calculate the following. Give answers correct to 2 decimal places, where appropriate.
a 53.3 0.6
b 960.43 0.5
c 21.42 0.004
27b
d 3219.09 0.006
e 478.94 0.016
f 76.327 0.000 08
g 25.865 0.004
h 26.976 0.0003
i 0.0673 0.0005
j 12.000 53 0.007
k 35.064 0.005
l 0.059 0.009
Example
sheet
2 Calculate the following. Give answers correct to 2 decimal places.

a 43.2 7
b 523.9 4
c 6321.09 8
27a
d 286.634 3
e 76.96 12
f 27.8403 11
WORKED
Dividing
decimals
WORKED
Example
1.11
SkillS
HEET
4 Evaluate the following, giving the answer correct to 1 decimal place.

a 4.6 2.1 + 1.2 3.5
b 5.9 1.8 2.4 3.8
c 6.2 + 4.5 0.5 7.6
d 11.4 7.6 1.5 + 2
7 A group of 21 Year 8 students were going on an excursion to the Planetarium. If the

total cost is $111.30, how much would each student have to pay?
Number
revision
002
ET
SHE
Work
6 Round each of the following to the nearest whole number to find an estimate.
a 3.5 24.9 + 33.2
b 4.8 19.6 10.4
c 15.6 + 50.1 9.5 15.4
d 49.8 20.3 4.7
GAME
time
5 multiple choice
a 1--2- (3.6 + 1.4 7.5) is equal to:
A 18.75
B 14.1
C 9.375
D 7.05
E 28.2
3
b Rounded to 2 decimal places, --4- (10.5 5.8 4 1.2) is equal to:
A 1.06
B 6.57
C 0.73
D 11.68
E 2.19
1.3
30
Funny
Funn
y defi
definitions
nitions
Answer the division questions
to find the puzzle code.
Boycott
Bo
ycott
Each
Y = 1.2 6 =
L = 0.87 0.6 =
W = 17.6 8 =
J = 1.16 0.2 =
V = 6.8 4 =
I = 0.648 0.8 =
U = 15.9 3 =
H = 0.92 0.4 =
T = 32.4 9 =
G = 4.2 1.2 =
S = 7.49 7 =
F = 0.462 0.11 =
R = 9.8 2 =
E = 26.1 10 =
P = 13.75 5 =
D = 56.1 30 =
O = 0.35 0.7 =
C = 0.304 0.08 =
N = 2.79 0.9 =
B = 1.4 0.25 =
M = 1.32 0.3 =
A = 0.564 0.12 =
3.8 4.9 4.7 1.87 1.45 2.61 4.2 0.5 4.9 4.4 4.7 1.45 2.61 5.6 4.7 5.6 0.81 2.61 1.07
4.4 0.81 3.1 0.5 4.9 0.81 4.9 4.9 0.81 3.6 4.7 3.6 0.81 0.5 3.1
Flatteryy
Flatter
1.45 0.81 1.7 0.81 3.1 3.5 0.81 3.1 4.7 3.1 4.7 2.75 4.7 4.9 3.6 4.4 2.61 3.1 3.6
Inkling
4.7
Kidneyy
Kidne
5.8 0.5 0.81 3.1 3.6 0.81 3.1 4.7 3.8 2.3 0.81 1.45 1.87 1.07 1.45 2.61 3.5
Tortoise
2.2 2.3 4.7 3.6 0.5 5.3 4.9 3.6 2.61 4.7 3.8 2.3 2.61 4.9 1.87 0.81 1.87
5.6
4.7 5.6 0.2 2.75 2.61 3.1
31
summary
Copy and complete the sentences below using words from the word list
that follows.
1
There are four basic mathematical operations. These are addition,

subtraction,
and
.
BODMAS can be used to help remember the correct order in which

operations should be completed. BODMAS stands for:
B
O
D ivision
M ultiplication
A
S
.
A number that divides exactly into another number is a
If a number isnt a prime, then it must be 1 or a
A
of a number is one in which that number has been
multiplied by another whole number.
Multiplying a number by itself is known as
The inverse of squaring a number is to find its
number has only two factors, one and itself.

.
number.
the number.
.
can be used to find an approximate answer.
10
In a fraction, the
the bottom number.
11
A fraction that also has a whole number part is called a
12
A
denominator.
13
In an improper fraction the numerator is

denominator.
14
Fractions that are equal in value are known as
15
When adding and subtracting decimals, the

must be lined up underneath one another.
WORD
multiple
greater
addition
mixed number
squaring
is the top number and the
is
.
fraction is one in which the numerator is less than the

than the
fractions.
LIST
factor
multiplication
composite
of
subtraction
decimal points
prime
estimation
numerator
square root
denominator
brackets
equivalent
division
proper
32
CHAPTER
review
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
1F
1G

a 743 + 2094 + 26 + 14
b 9327 6
c 1258 36
d 58 246 3071
e 2583 + 27 + 156 + 4
f 3061 12
2 Use the order of operations (BODMAS) to calculate the following.
a 12 7 + 32 26 2
1H
1I
1J
CHAPTER
test
yourself
302 74 (16 + 11 25)
38 + 2 17 11
e 210 3 + 16 48
f 32 4 + 6 15 3 + 11
List all prime numbers from 30 to 50 inclusive.
List all the factors of:
i 26
ii 4
iii 30.
Find the HCF of the following pairs of numbers:
i 27 and 42
ii 15 and 60
iii 18 and 96.
d List the first four multiples of:
i 6
ii 11
iii 20.
64
25
10 000 d
169
144
361
a
b
c
e
f
h 272
i 3.62
j 0.062
k 25.22
l 6.42
g 82
5 Use your estimation skills to find approximate answers for the following.
a 306 12
b 268 + 3075 + 28 + 98 031
c 4109 21
d 19 328 4811
d
3 a
b
c
2
--3
6
--7
5
--6
3
-----12
4
-----15
+ 4 1--2-
3
--5
127
--------64
3
--4
5
--8
+ 2 3--4-
2 3--4- 1 1--8-
2 1--2- + 3 1--2- 1 3--5-
22
-----6
9
--4

a
2
--5
7
--8
d 4 1--3- 9 1--2-
1H
b ( 1--2- of 60) 4 + 7
7
--8
e 7 1--5-
8
-----20
8
-----11
8 1--2-
8 Convert the following fractions to decimal numbers (correct to 2 decimal places).

a 3--4b 7--5c 6 1--4d 9--5e 4 1--7f 12 3--89 Convert the following decimal numbers to fractions in simplest form.
a 0.7
b 0.45
c 1.23
d 3.08
e 24.365
f 17.04
a 2.4 + 3.7
b 11.62 4.89
c 12.04 + 2.9
d 5.63 0.07
e 34.2 4.008
f 34.09 + 1.2 + 3479.3 + 0.0003
11 Evaluate the following, correct to 2 decimal places where appropriate.
a 432.9 2
b 78.02 3.4
c 543.7 0.12
d 9.65 1.1
e 923.06 0.000 45
f 74.23 0.0007

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MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 1 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Jemma and Michael are

double 13, 20,

triple 20, 25, 7

50, double 17,

double 19, 20,

This chapter will revise

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 2 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Maths Quest 8 for Victoria

Write the numbers in columns with the

Calculate 126 38.

Write the numbers in columns with the

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 3 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Chapter 1 Number revision

Write the numbers one under the other.

Multiply by the units digit. ( 4)

Finally, add the two answers.

Calculate 6308 265.

Write the numbers one under the other.

Calculate 687 9, rounding the answer to 2 decimal places.

Write the question as shown and divide,

687 9 76.33 (2 decimal places)

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 4 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Maths Quest 8 for Victoria

Read the question carefully and

Write the answer in a sentence.

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 5 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Chapter 1 Number revision

3 Calculate each of the following.

4 Calculate each of the following.

2 decimal places where

2 Calculate each of the following.

1 Calculate each of the following.

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 6 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Maths Quest 8 for Victoria

Write the question.

Evaluate 21 + (16 5) (12 3) 4.

Write the question.

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 7 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Chapter 1 Number revision

1 Evaluate the following.

2 Evaluate the following.

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 8 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Answer the whole number questions

159 200 126

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 9 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Chapter 1 Number revision

Factors, multiples, prime and

Find the factor pairs of the number.

List the factors of 12.

MQ 8 Ch 01 Page 10 Tuesday, December 5, 2000 10:33 AM

Maths Quest 8 for Victoria

List the first few multiples of 6.

6, 12, 18, 24, 30

List the first few multiples of 4.

Find the lowest common multiple or the

The lowest common multiple is 12.

List all of the numbers from 11 to 20.