PG Diploma in Geoinformatics
PG Diploma in Geoinformatics
PG Diploma in Geoinformatics
Course Structure
Objective:
The objective of the course is to provide theory as well as hand-on skill to students for various applications
in Remote-Sensing (RS), GIS, Computer-Aided Cartography (CAC) and Computer Aided Photogrammetry
training and skills towards professional digital analysis of geo-spatial data.
Course Structure:
The course shall be spread over 2 (two) semesters with weightage (contact hours) of 20 each per week. The
structure of the course shall be as follows:
Examination system:
1. Sessional and End-Semester division shall be 25% and 75%.
2. Sessional shall constitute of two tests (10% each) and one presentation (5%)
3. End-Semester examination shall be working exercises, 3 out of a choice of 5 (60%) followed by
viva-voce (15%) except the project papers.
4. The Projects shall be evaluated (a) Project itself (50%) + (b) Viva-voce (25%)
Evaluation :
25 percent of the credits in each course shall be evaluated on a continuous evaluation method
consisting of test (at least one-10 %), assignments (at least two-15 percent).
75 percent of the credits in each course shall be evaluated on the basis of an end-term examination
consisting of theory examination of one hour per credit and practical examination of 2 hours per credit.
Question paper in theory examination shall be set by the Course-instructor. External Expert shall set
and evaluate Practical examination papers/components. In the event of External Experts not being available
for a practical paper, an Examination Board consisting of three members (Coordinator, Course teacher and
one more member) shall be appointed by the Department for conducting the examination.
25 percent sessional evaluation in project shall be done by a Board consisting of at least three
members (Coordinator, Supervisor, and one more member).
End-term evaluation of the project work for 75 percent of the credit allotted to this course shall be
made by an external examiner not being an employee of the University. The distribution of weightage shall
be 25 percent for presentation and 25 percent for report and 25 percent for viva-voce examination.
Semester I
Course No
Course Title
Credits
Remarks
GEINFO-601 Principles of Remote Sensing & GPS
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-602 Fundamentals of GIS
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-603 Cartography & Geo Statistics
4
T-2+P-2
Geosciences
&
Image
Interpretation
GEINFO-604
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-605 Computer Programming
4
T-2+P-2
Semester II
Course No
Course Title
Credits
Remarks
GEINFO-606 Digital Image Processing
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-607 Spatial Analysis & Modeling
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-608 Project
4
Practical
Geoinformatics
in
Agriculture,
Soil
&
Land
Evaluation
GEINFO-609
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-610 Geoinformatics in Regional and Urban Planning
4
T-2+P-2
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-611 Geoinformatics in Water Resources
4
T-2+P-2
GEINFO-612 Geoinformatics in Disaster Management
Note: Students shall have to select any two papers from Course No: GE INFO 609 to GE INFO 612.
SEMESTER-I
GE INFO 601 PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING & GPS
UNIT 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES
Remote Sensing: History, Development, Definition, Concept & Principles
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR): Spectrum and its properties, Atmospheric windows, Interaction of EMR with
atmosphere & Earths Surface
Spectral signatures & Resolutions: Spatial, Spectral, Radiometric and Temporal
Remote Sensing Systems: Platform, types of platforms & its characteristics.
Sensor classification: Active and Passive, Optical-Mechanical Scanners & Push-broom scanners
Thermal Infrared: Introduction, Radiation Properties, Kinetic Heat, Temperature, Radiant Energy and Flux, methods
of transferring heat
Thermal properties of terrain: Capacity, conductivity, Inertia, Infrared,
Microwave: Passive & Active Sensors, RADAR, Scatterometer
UNIT 2: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Introduction: Fundamentals of Aerial Photography: flight planning & execution Photogrammetry: Basic concepts of
measurements of object height and length,
Stereo Photogrammetry: Stereovision & Stereoscopes, Stereoscopic Parallax & Parallax Equations
Digital photogrammetry: Model deformation & Rectification ,Relief displacement , Vertical exaggeration
,Triangulation, Control & Mapping.
UNIT 3: REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES & SPECTRAL DATA ANALYSIS
Satellites & their characteristics Geostationary & Sun Synchronous
Earth Resource Satellite: (Sun Synchronous) IRS, LANDSAT, SPOT, IKONOS, QUICKBIRD, MODIS,
RADARSAT, ERS, CARTOSAT etc.
Weather & Communication Satellites: (Geostationary) NOAA, TERRA, MOS, INSAT, GOES, etc.
Spectral Signature and its Response: Soil, Vegetation, Rocks and Water bodies etc.,
Ground Truth Verification:
Remote Sensing Applications: Agriculture, Forestry, Water resources , Regional and Urban Planning
UNIT 4: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Fundamentals of GPS and its applications
Geodesy
Components of global positioning system
Factors affecting GPS accuracy
GPS surveying methods and accuracy
Reference station, reference equipments and radios
LAB WORK
Exercise 1
Test of Stereo Vision, computation of photo scales, Orientation of Stereo pair
Exercise 2
Parallax bar handling and height measurements
Exercise 3
Interpretation of satellite image for landuse/landcover, urban sprawl and slope mapping
Exercise 4
Creating codes and attribute table in GPS
Exercise 5
Data collection: Measurements, Line, Area Calculation
Exercise 6
Data collection in DGPS mode.
Exercise 7
Processing of GPS data in the software
ESSENTIAL READING
Jensen, J.R., (2006) Remote Sensing of the Environment An Earth Resources Perspective, Pearson Education,
Inc. (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., Indian edition, Delhi.
George Joseph, (2004) Fundamentals of remote sensing, Universities press (India) Pte Ltd., Hyderabad.
Sabins, F.F. Jr., (2007) Edition. Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation, W.H. Freeman & Co.
Reeves, Robert G. (1991), Manual of Remote Sensing, Vol. I, American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
Lillesand, Thomas M. and Kiefer, Ralph, W., (2007) Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons, New York
Rampal, K.K., (1999) Handbook of Aerial Photography and Interpretation, Concept Publishing Company, New
Delhi
N.K.Agrawal , (2004) ,Essentials of GPS, Spatial Network Pvt. Ltd
Sathish Gopi , (2000), GPS and Surveying using GPS
Leica. A., (2003), GPS Satellite Surveying, John Wiley & Sons, use. New York
Terry-Karen Steede, (2002), Integrating GIS and the Global Positioning System, ESRI Press
Stein, A. (1998), Spatial Statistics for Soils and the Environment, ITC lecture notes.
ESSENTIAL READING
Murk & Skinner, (1999). Geology Today - Understanding Our Planet, John Wiley And Sons Inc, New York
Lillisand, T. M. and Keifer, R. W., (2007). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation', John Willey and Sons, New York,
Fourth Edition
Pandey, S. N. , (1987). Principles and Applications of Photogeology. New Delhi: Eastern Wiley.
Jenson, J.R., (2006). Remote Sensing of the Environment An Earth Resource Perspective, Prentice Hall Inc.
Drury, S.A. , (2004). Image Interpretation in Geology, Chapman & Hall, India.
Thornbury, W. D., (I969): Principles of Geomorphology, John Wiley and Sons, New York
Sabins, Floyd F., (2007). Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation, 2nd Ed., Freeman, New York.
SEMESTER-II
GE INFO 606 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION
Concepts about digital image and its characteristics
Spectral, Spatial, Radiometric and Temporal resolution
Visual vs. Digital methods, Image data storage and retrieval
Image restoration and Noise Abatement , Radiometric and Geometric correction technique
Interpolation methods linear and non linear transformation for geometric corrections
UNIT 2: IMAGE ENHANCEMENT & FILTERING TECHNIQUES
Look-up Tables (LUT) and Types of image displays and FCC
Image Enhancement Techniques: Radiometric and Spatial
Contrast stretching: Linear and non-linear methods
Spatial Filtering: High and Low frequency, Image smoothing
Accuracy Assessment, Error Matrix
UNIT 3: MULTI-BAND ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES & CLASSIFICATION
Band ratio, Types of Vegetation indices
Principal Component Analysis, Multi dated data analysis and Change detection
Digital Image Classification: Supervised & Unsupervised
UNIT 4: PATTERN RECOGNITION
Concept of Pattern Recognition, Multi-spectral pattern recognition
Spectral discrimination, Signature bank, Parametric and Non-Parametric classifiers
Kriging
LAB WORK
Exercise 1 Import / Export of files using DIP Software
Exercise 2 Geo-reference of the Toposheet and imageries
Exercise 3 Display, Analysis and interpretation of Imageries
Exercise 4 Performing contrast enhancement techniques, Filtration: High, Low frequency
Exercise 5 Sub-setting of area of interest from the satellite image
Exercise 6 Principal Component Analysis
Exercise 7 Classification: Supervised, Unsupervised
Exercise 8 Mosaic of Images
Exercise 9 Map composition
ESSENTIAL READING
Sabins, Floyd F. (2007), Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation, H. Freeman and C., New York.
Thomas M. Lillesand & Kiefer, Ralph W. (2007), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
Jensen, JR. (2006), Remote Sensing of the Environment- An Earth Resources Perspective, Prentice Hall Inc.
Rencz, Andrew N. , (1999), Remote Sensing for the Earth Sciences: Manual of Remote Sensing, 3rd ed., John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New York.
Curran, P., (1985), Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, London.
Campbell, James B., (2006), Introductory Remote Sensing: Principles and Concepts, Routledge.
Gibson, P.J., (2000), Introduction to Remote Sensing, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis, London.
Cracknell, A.P. & Hayes, L.W B., (2007), Introduction to Remote Sensing, Taylor & Francis, London.
ESSENTIAL READING
Bonczek, R.H., C.W. Holsapple, and A.B. Whinston, (1981), Foundations of Decision Support Systems, Academic Press,
New York. Basic text on DSS
Geoffrion, A.M., (1983). Can OR/MS evolve fast enough? Interfaces 13:10. Source for six essential characteristics of
DSS
House, W.C. (ed.), (1983). Decision Support Systems, Petrocelli, New York. Basic DSS text
Sprague, R.H., (1997). A framework for the development of decision support systems, Management Information
Sciences Quarterly 4:1-26. Source for DSS development model
Sprague, R.H., and Carlson, E.D., (1982). Building Effective Decision Support Systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
NJ. Basic DSS text
Burrough, Peter A. and Rachael McDonnell., (1998), Principles of Geographical Information Systems. Oxford University
Press, New York
Laurini, Robert and Derek Thompson. , (1992), Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems. Academic Pr., London
Kluwer Fotheringham A S, O'Kelly M E., (1998), Spatial Interaction Models: Formulations and Applications.
Paul Longley, Michael Goodchild, David Maguire and David Rhind:, (2005), Geographical Information Systems.
Principles, Techniques, Applications and Management. John Wiley & Sons.
The subject/topic of the Project Work, related to the problems will be allotted to each student in
the beginning of the IInd Semester. The students, in consultation with their respective supervisors, may give
their choice of preference of problem /topic / area. However, the decision of the Head/Course Coordinator
shall be final. Each student will be required to work independently on the problem assigned including
literature consultation, data collection, fieldwork and/or training, laboratory investigations, report writing
etc., under the guidance of his/her supervisor. The students will have to submit to the department three typed
(bound) copies of his/her work, in the form of Project Report. After the evaluation, a copy of which will be
returned to the concerned supervisor and the student separately.
The Project topic should consist of the following:
Problem identification and its aims and objectives,
Review of Literature,
Data acquisition and Collection,
Methodology,
Analysis and Result.
Presentation:
On satisfactory completion of the project, each student is required to defend his/her thesis through a
PowerPoint presentation in front of an external expert and faculty and students which will be followed by
Viva-Voce. This should be a substantial piece of research work, which both reinforces the skills learned in
the taught component of the course and provides a genuine opportunity to undertake valuable research.
10
11
12
13
OC 14
ON CERTIFICATE AND PG DIPLOMA COURSES
Under Section 26(1) (b) of NEHU Act, 1973
1.1. The University shall conduct certificate Courses of one semester duration (six months) and PG Diploma
courses of two-semester duration (one year).
ii. In addition, the University may prescribe Professional PG Diploma Programmes either on regular or selffinancing basis which shall be of two semester duration.
iii. There shall be separate regulation governing fee structure, examination system and other operational
aspects for each of such professional Diploma programme.
2. The Syllabus for the courses shall be as prescribed by the Board of Post Graduate Studies of Steering
Committee and approved by the School Board and Academic Council.
3. i The eligibility for admission to certificate courses may be prescribed in regulations for the purpose.
ii. The eligibility for PG Diploma courses shall be a Bachelors Degree or equivalent.
4.i. For Certificate programmes shall be a minimum requirement of 18 credits in one semester.
ii. The Course structure of PG Diploma programmes shall be based on a minimum requirement of 36 credits
spread over two semesters.
iii. The University shall conduct the semester examinations and declaration of results for both the
Certificate and PG Diploma courses.
5.i. The Course Structure and distribution of marks/credits of both Certificate and PG Diploma programmes
shall be provided in the syllabus prescribed for the purpose.
ii. The sessional assessment component shall be a range of 25% - 50% for the Certificate/PG Diploma
course but could vary among papers depending on specific requirement of the paper. The prescribed
syllabus for the course shall define the practical and theory components as well as weightage on sessional
assessments.
iii. Details of evaluation system for practical and sessional assessments shall be provided in the syllabi
concerned.
6. The evaluation of the PG Diploma course shall be in Grading System, as prescribed for the Masters
Programme (OC-7).
7. Any difficulty arising in giving effect to or interpreting any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall be
referred to the vice-Chancellor whose decision thereon shall be final.
14
Title 1.
Duration 2.
Advisory
Committee 3.
Seats 4.
Eligibility 5
Admission 6
Fees 7
Course 8
Funds 9
RG-2
REGULATIONS ON PG DIPLOMA IN GEO-INFORMATICS
(Under NEHU Ordinance OC-14)
This regulation shall be called Regulations On PG Diploma in Geo-informatics.
i. The course shall be offered at the beginning of each academic year.
ii. The Course shall be operated on self-financing basis.
i. There shall be a Committee constituted by the HOD to oversee the functioning of the
course.
ii. The Committee shall have a two-year term.
iii. The Committee shall meet at least once each year.
iv. The Convener shall give two weeks notice for the meeting with prior approval of the
Chairperson.
v. One third of total numbers will constitute the quorum for meetings.
vi. The Committee shall have the following functions:
a. Admission Policy and its review if any.
b. Fee structure to make the course financially viable.
c. Honorarium/Payments to be made to instructor from within the department and
from outside, including external experts.
d. Exploring placement of outgoing students.
e. Reviewing quality of instructions and syllabus etc.
f. Any other matter related to the course and its operationalisation, referred to by
the Head of the Department of Geography.
i. The number of seats shall be 20 in all for each batch.
ii. Fifty percent of the seats (10) shall be reserved for candidate with geography as their
main (Hons) subject.
iii. Any change in number of seats shall be decided by the Committee and shall be
announced by 15th March of the previous academic year.
i. Applicants with Bachelors Degree (Hons) in Geography, Geology and Earth Sciences,
Life Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Physical Sciences, Mathematics/ Statistics,
Environmental Sciences, BE/BTech (Electronics/IT/Computer Sciences/Telecom)
/B.Arch/B.Plan and BCA/MCA with a minimum of 60% of marks in the subject
concerned or equivalent CGPA shall be eligible for admission.
ii. Candidates belonging to ST/SC categories shall be eligible for relaxation of minimum
percentage/CGPA to the extent of 5% in admission to the course as per Government of
India policy on the matter.
i. Admission to the course shall be announced along with University Admission
Announcement as per in Ordinance and University guidelines.
ii. There shall be a written admission test conducted by the Department in July each year
and the process of admission completed as per the University Calendar, OC-15.
i. Tution fees will be Rs.15,000.00 per semester.
ii. 10% of the student shall be given freeship.
iii. Every student admitted shall deposit a laboratory caution money of Rs 5,000.00 for
the duration of the course, which shall be refunded deducting claims of damages if any
after the completion of the course.
iv. Other fees, viz. Library fee, Library Caution money, Hostel fees etc. shall be as per
the University rules for the purpose.
The course shall be of 40 credits, 20 credits for each semester. The prescribed syllabus
provides for details of course structure, credit distribution and evaluation system.
i. The Tution Fees received and the Laboratory caution money for the course shall be
maintained in a separate (joint) account operated by the Finance Officer, NEHU and the
15
16