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    Part 2 (Verb Conjugations)

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    niapa123zzz
    Dictionary Form The dictionary form (basic form) of all Japanese verbs end with "u". This is the form listed in the dictionary, and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close friends and family in informal situations. The ~ masu Form (Formal Form) The suffix "~ masu" is added to the dictionary form of the verbs to make sentence polite. Aside from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations required politeness or a degree of formality, and is more appropriate for general use. Click here to check out the ~ masu form of the basic verbs.

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    Part 2 (Verb Conjugations)

    Uploaded by

    niapa123zzz
    115 views3 pages
    Dictionary Form The dictionary form (basic form) of all Japanese verbs end with "u". This is the form listed in the dictionary, and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close friends and family in informal situations. The ~ masu Form (Formal Form) The suffix "~ masu" is added to the dictionary form of the verbs to make sentence polite. Aside from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations required politeness or a degree of formality, and is more appropriate for general use. Click here to check out the ~ masu form of the basic verbs.

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    Dictionary Form The dictionary form (basic form) of all Japanese verbs end with "u". This is the form listed in the dictionary, and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close friends and family in informal situations. The ~ masu Form (Formal Form) The suffix "~ masu" is added to the dictionary form of the verbs to make sentence polite. Aside from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations required politeness or a degree of formality, and is more appropriate for general use. Click here to check out the ~ masu form of the basic verbs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    115 views3 pages

    Part 2 (Verb Conjugations)

    Uploaded by

    niapa123zzz
    Dictionary Form The dictionary form (basic form) of all Japanese verbs end with "u". This is the form listed in the dictionary, and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close friends and family in informal situations. The ~ masu Form (Formal Form) The suffix "~ masu" is added to the dictionary form of the verbs to make sentence polite. Aside from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations required politeness or a degree of formality, and is more appropriate for general use. Click here to check out the ~ masu form of the basic verbs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Part 2: Verb Conjugations

    Dictionary Form
    The dictionary form (basic form) of all Japanese verbs end with "u". This is the form listed in the
    dictionary, and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close
    friends and family in informal situations.
    The ~ masu Form (Formal Form)
    The suffix "~ masu" is added to the dictionary form of the verbs to make sentence polite. Aside
    from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations required politeness or a
    degree of formality, and is more appropriate for general use. Click here to check out the ~ masu
    form of the basic verbs.
    The ~ masu Form
    Group 1

    Take off the final ~u, and add ~ imasu


    kaku --- kakimasu, nomu --- nomimasu

    Group 2

    Take off the final ~ru, and add ~ masu


    miru --- mimasu, taberu --- tabemasu

    Group 3

    kuru --- kimasu, suru --- shimasu

    The ~ masu Form minus "~ masu" is the stem of the verb. The verb stems are useful since many
    verb suffixes are attached to them.
    ~ Masu Form

    The stem of the verb

    kakimasu

    kaki

    nomimasu

    nomi

    mimasu

    mi

    tabemasu

    tabe

    Present Tense
    Japanese verb forms have two main tenses, the present and the past. There is no future tense. The
    present tense is used for future and habitual action as well. The informal form of the present tense
    is the same as the dictionary form. The ~ masu form is used in formal situations.
    Past Tense
    The past tense is used to express actions completed in the past (I saw, I bought etc.) and present
    perfect tense (I have read, I have done etc.). Forming the informal past tense is simpler for Group
    2 verbs, but more complicated for Group 1 verbs. The conjugation of Group 1 verbs varies
    depending on the consonant of the last syllable on the dictionary form. All Group 2 verbs have the
    same conjugation pattern.
    Group 1
    Formal

    Informal

    Replace ~ u with ~ imashita

    kaku --- kakimashita


    nomu --- nomimashita

    (1) Verb ending with ~ ku:


    replace ~ ku with ~ ita

    kaku --- kaita


    kiku --- kiita

    (2) Verb ending with ~ gu:


    replace ~ gu with ~ ida

    isogu --- isoida


    oyogu --- oyoida

    (3) Verb ending with ~ u, ~tsu and ~ ru:


    replace them with ~ tta

    utau --- utatta


    matsu --- matta
    kaeru --- kaetta

    (4) Verb ending with ~ nu, ~bu


    and ~ mu:
    replace them with ~ nda

    shinu --- shinda


    asobu --- asonda
    nomu --- nonda

    (5) Verb ending with ~ su:


    replace ~ su with ~ shita

    hanasu --- hanashita


    dasu --- dashita

    Formal

    Take off ~ru, and add ~ mashita

    miru --- mimashita


    taberu ---tabemashita

    Informal

    Take off ~ru, and add ~ ta

    miru --- mita


    taberu --- tabeta

    Group 2

    Group 3
    Formal

    kuru --- kimashita, suru --- shimashita

    Informal

    kuru --- kita, suru ---shita

    Present Negative
    To make sentence negative, verb endings are changed into negative forms (The ~ nai
    Form).
    All Verbs (Group 1, 2, 3)
    Formal

    Replace ~ masu with ~ masen

    nomimasu --- nomimasen


    tabemasu --- tabemasen
    kimasu --- kimasen
    shimasu --- shimasen

    Group 1
    Replace the final ~ u with ~anai
    (If verb ending is a vowel ~ u,
    replace with ~ wanai)
    Informal

    kiku --- kikanai


    nomu --- nomanai
    au --- awanai

    Group 2
    Replace ~ ru with ~ nai

    miru --- minai


    taberu --- tabenai

    Group 3
    kuru --- konai, suru ---shinai
    Past Negative

    All Verbs (Group 1, 2, 3)


    Formal

    Add ~ deshita to
    the formal present negative
    form

    nomimasen --- nomimasen deshita


    tabemasen --- tabemasen deshita
    kimasen--- kimasen deshita
    shimasen--- shimasen deshita

    All Verbs (Group 1, 2, 3)


    Informal

    Replace ~ nai
    with ~ nakatta

    nomanai --- nomanakatta


    tabenai --- tabenakatta
    konai --- konakatta
    shinai ---shinakatta

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