1st Year

Streams: H Sc & Sc

Intercultural Exchanges
SEQUENCE ONE : LISTENING & SPEAKING
ANTICIPATE
1. Labelling Parts
- What are the parts of a computer mutimedia?

Listen to your teacher to label the parts of a computer multimedia.

2
6

7
9

11
10

2Screen - 10Floppy disk - 11Compact Disk - 8Central Unit -3Keyboard

1Monitor -7Mouse-9Printer - 5Floppy Disk Drive -4Compact Disk Drive 6Speaker
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UNIT 1:

Intercultural Exchanges
Entirely prepared by
Mr.Salem Zemali

The parts of a computer multimedia are: a monitor, a screen ..and a compact disk.

2. Other words related to computers:

Computer terms

Modem is a device that enables computers to communicate with one another

over telephone lines.

Internet / Network / World Wide Web is a worldwide computer network

to which hundreds of millions of computers are linked.

Windows is an operating system designed for a particular type of computer.

For example, Microsoft Corporation designed the Windows operating system.

E-mail, or electronic mail, is a message sent from one computer to another

over a computer network.

3. What is an e-mail? What does the e stand for?
E
Electronic
mail = letter
For example: Habib.foreigner@yahoo.fr

Say it: Habib.foreigner arobase yahoo dot fr

4. What about your e-mail address?

LISTEN & CHECK

1. Listen to your teacher to re-order the following instructions for accessing e-mail.
IMPERATIVE FORM

Unit One /Script 1 (Listening and speaking)

Karima: I don't know how to use the computer to check my e-mail in-box. Can you show me
how to do it?
Hind: Of course. First, you need to switch on the computer. Then, you need to select your ISP.
Karima: Ok. I have to switch on the computer. Then, I have to select my ISP. What next?
Hind: Next, you have to click on the `e-mail' icon. After that, you need to enter your ID and
your password. Is it ok?
Karima: Sure! I have to click on the `e-mail' icon. After that, I have to enter my ID and my
password.
Hind: That's right. Next, you have to sign in and wait for the connection.
Karima: What next?
Hind: Finally, you need to click on `write' to send messages or `read' to check your e-mail in-box.
Karima: Thanks your help, Hind. Now, I can do it alone.
Instructions for accessing e-mail.
1*b* Switch on the computer
NUMBERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2*a* Select your ISP
LETTERS b a c f d g e
3*c* Click on the `e-mail' icon
4*f* Enter your ID and your password. Is it ok?
5*d* Sign in
6*g* Wait for the connection
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Mr.Salem Zemali

7*e* Click on `write' to send messages or `read' to check your e-mail in-box.
VERB + REST OF SENTENCE

IMPERATIVE FORM

2. Listen again to your teacher to complete the following table:

Sequencers
subject
verb
Rest of sentence
switch on the computer.
First,
you
your ISP.
select
................................ ,
you
click on the `e-mail' icon.
................................ ,
you
your ID and your password.
enter
................................ ,
you
sign in.
................................ ,
you
wait for the connection.
................................ ,
you
click on `write' to send messages or `read' to
................................ ,
you
check your e-mail in-box.
Follow up activity: - as homework Rewrite the above table in a form.
Pay attention to: punctuation & capital letters.

3. The table below compares e-mail and snail-mail (ordinary letters).

Tick in the appropriate boxes to say what you think. Do not use column B / C for the moment.
A: Your opinion
B / C: Speakers opinion
Features
E-mail
Snail - mail
E-mail
Snail-mail
Faster
B
cheaper
B
more interesting
C
Less personal
C
Less convenient
B
B prefers e-mails because:
E-mails are faster.
E-mails are cheaper
E-mails are more convenient.
4.Listen and fill in column B in the table above. Do you have the same point of view
as the speaker ?
Unit One /Script 2 (Listening and speaking)
A: Hello, I'm doing a survey on e-mail and snail-mail. May I ask you a few questions?
B: Please, do.
A: Do you send your messages by e-mail or by snail-mail?
B: Well, I prefer sending my messages by e-mail rather than sending them by snail-mail.
A: Why?

UNIT 1:

Intercultural Exchanges
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Mr.Salem Zemali

B: First, because e-mail is cheaper and faster. In addition, snail-mail is less convenient than email because in order to send a letter, you need to go to the post office, buy stamps, stick them
on the envelope, and so forth....
A: And what about your friend here? Yes, you , Sir.
C: Personally I prefer to write ordinary letters. E-mails are less personal than letters. Anyone
can read them. Besides, snail-mail is more interesting than e-mails because we don't have to
write short messages only.
A: Thank you for giving me so much of your time. Bye!
5. Use the information in the table above and write a short paragraph about your Justify
your preferences. Start like this:
I prefer {to send my messages by e-mail rather than {send them by snail-mail

{sending

{sending

Those who prefer sending by e-mail

Topic sentence

I prefer to send my
messages by e-mail
rather than send
them by snail-mail
because of many
reasons.

Connectors

Statements

Connectors

Firstly,
Secondly,

e-mails are faster.

e-mails / they are
cheaper.
e-mails / they are
more convenient
I favor e-mails

because
since

Thirdly,
Finally,

Justifications

as
because

I like the Internet.

Possible Output: 40 words

I prefer to send my messages by e-mail rather than send them by snail-mail because of many
reasons. Firstly, e-mails are faster. Secondly, they are cheaper. Thirdly, they are more
convenient. Finally, I favor e-mails because I like the Internet.
SAY IT CLEAR

PHONETIC SYMBOLS

ORAL IN WRITING

Spelling is the way we combine letters to write words. The English language has only 26
letters (5 vowels + 21 consonants).
An international phonetic alphabet-pronunciation / PHONETIC SYMBOLS- is used to
represent speech sounds symbolically. The English language has about 40 different sounds.
Spelling and pronunciation in English sometimes seem illogical!!!
cough-though-through: similar spelling but different pronunciation.
blue-crew-to-too-shoe: different spelling but similar pronunciation.

1.1. Listen to your teacher read each of the words below to identify the vowel sounds.
SHORT AND LONG VOWEL SOUNDS

7 SHORT
VOWEL SOUNDS
Spelling
1.ship
2.cup
3.sock
4.foot

pronunciation

/p/
/kp/
/s k/
/ft/

5 LONG
VOWEL SOUNDS
short vowel sound

/ /
..

..
..

Spelling
pronunciation long vowel sound
UNIT 1: Intercultural Exchanges
/i:p / prepare
/i: / d by
1.sheep
Entirely
2.car
/ c:
/
..
Mr.Salem
Zemali
3.horse
/ h :s /
.
4.shoe
/:/
..

1. Listen to your teacher read each of the words below to identify the vowel sounds as follows:
Short vowel sounds
Long vowel sounds
Spelling

pronunciation

1.chip
2.cut
3.dog
4.put
5.head
6.hat
7.teacher

Spelling

short vowel sound

/ tp /
/ kt /

//
..

/d g/
/ pt /
/ hed /
/ ht /

..
..
..

/ ti:t /

1.cheap
2.arm
3.saw
4.blue
5.fur

pronunciation

long vowel sound

/ ti:p /
/ :m /
/ s :/
/ bl:/
/ f3: /

/ i: /

..
..
..

ORAL IN WRITING
PHO NE TICS
WORD STRESS
In English, we do not pronounce each syllable with the same force. In one word,
we pronounce one syllable very loudly and all the other syllables very quietly.
2. Listen to your teacher read each of the words below to say which
syllable is stressed.
e.g: browser happy - unhappy computer - connect
Most of the two or three syllable-words are stressed on:
the 1st syllable
if it is not a prefix
browser
modem
cursor
windows
floppy
icon
keyboard
network

the 2nd syllable

if it is a prefix

unhappy
dislike / display
impossible
miscalculate
irregular
abnormal
UNIT 1: illiterate
Intercultural Exchanges
incapable
Entirely prepared by
Mr.Salem Zemali

Some of the two or three syllable-words without prefixes are stressed on:
the 2nd syllable
2nd SYLLABLE

connect
escape
remove
obey

erase
computer
To protect words according to their
open

2. Classify the following

stressed syllables.
Market syllable mistake connect improbable answer - wonderful
1st syllable
2nd syllable

YOUR TURN
1. Read the parts of sentences below and match each part in column A with its
corresponding part in column B.
How to check an e-mail box? PURPOSE

1. Switch on the central unit

a. to check your e-mail box,
2. Click on the e-mail option in the menu.
b. in order to start the computer.
3. Enter your ID and password
c. so as to open your e-mail box.
4. Click on the `sign up' icon
d. in order to be identified.
Sentence + to + VERB + rest of sentence
Sentence + in order to + VERB + rest of sentence
Sentence + so as to + VERB + rest of sentence
2. Now rewrite the above sentences in order to have a coherent for checking an e-mail
box. Use sequencers ( first, then, next.) and modals (need to, have to ...).
Start like this:
First, you need to switch on the central unit in order to start the computer.
3. Pair work: Make a dialogue about how to check an e-mail box.
Example:
A: In order to start the machine, you have to switch on the central unit and the monitor. Then...
B: So, in order to start the machine I must switch on the computer. Then, I have to
A: That's right. After that...
4. Tell the class why you use the internet. Use the information on the computer screen
below and appropriate link words. You may state other purposes.
Example:
I use the Internet to surf on the Web.
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Intercultural Exchanges
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Mr.Salem Zemali

I surf on the Web in order to search for information.

I use the World Wide Web so as to correspond with key pals.
I surf on the Network to send and receive message.
I use the Internet in order to read electronic newspapers.
I surf the Web so as to listen to music.
I use the World Wide Web to chat.
I surf on the Network in order to play games.
Sentence + to / in order to / so as to + VERB + rest of sentence
I use the Internet = I surf on the Internet

The hidden message

/ j : fl p dsk kntenz vars

rm:v t frm ma kmpj:t/

SAY IT IN WRITING
1 2 3 4 5 6
Write a short to give your opinion about the
b f a d e c
Internet. Use appropriate sequencers. You may start as
follows:
I think / I dont think that the Internet is a very useful invention. Firstly,
Topic sentence
I think that the Internet is a very
useful invention because of several
reasons.

Connectors
Firstly,
Secondly,
Thirdly,
Finally,

Statements
I use the Internet to surf on the Web
I surf on the Web in order to search for
information
I use the World Wide Web so as to
correspond with key pals.
I surf on the Network to send and receive
messages.

SEQUENCE TWO: READING & WRITING:

ANTICIPATE
1. Put the numbers 1-6 in the right boxes to say which icon in the
screenshot below you have to click on in order to :
3/a. return to your Web browers home page.
1/b. mark a Web site for future use.
6/c. move down the page.
4/d. print a document.
5/e. type in a Web site address or Uniform Resource Locator.
2/f. go back to the last page you saw earlier.
2. Look at the screenshot below and read aloud the senders and
recipients e-mail addresses.

UNIT 1:

Intercultural Exchanges
Entirely prepared by
Mr.Salem Zemali

3. What do you think the e-mail above is about? Who is the sender? What country is
she/he from? British? English? American? French? Spanish? Chinese? Algerian? Australian?
READ & CHECK
1. Read the e-mail below and check your answer to question 3 on the previous page.
2. Now read the e-mail above again and answer these questions:
a. Wh QUESTION
LONG ANSWER
SENTENCE
b. Wh QUESTION
LONG ANSWER
SENTENCE
c. Wh QUESTION
LONG ANSWER
SENTENCE
d. AUXILIARY QUESTION SHORT ANSWER
Yes / No, Pro+Aux
e. How QUESTION
LONG ANSWER
SENTENCE
QUESTIONS
Wh / How QUESTIONS

AUXILIARY QUESTIONS

LONG ANSWERS

SHORT ANSWERS

SENTENCE
Yes / No, Pro+Aux
3. Find the meaning of each of the underlined words in the text above. Use the words in
sentences of your own.
A Training = An education
To relax = To rest
A housewife = A woman who manages her own household as her main occupation.
To belong = to be the property of.
A Sauna =A Finnish steam bath in which the steam is produced by pouring water over
heated rocks / stones.
DISCOVER THE LANGUAGE
1. Listen to your teacher read the frequency adverbs below and learn to
pronounce them.
Never
occasionally
sometimes
often
usually
always
seldom
rarely
0% of the time
100%
2. Draw the chart above on your copybook in a vertical position. Then
read the text again and list Kirsis regular activities from the least to
the most frequent.

UNIT 1:

Intercultural Exchanges
Entirely prepared by
Mr.Salem Zemali

3. Now spot the position of the frequency adverb in each of the sentences in
your chart. What conclusion can you draw?
I generally get up quite early in order
I always go there by bus so as to
I rarely go out on weekends because .
Sentence + ADVERB + verb + rest of sentence
4. Pair work: Take turns to interview each other using the questionnaire
below.
How often do you eat in the school canteen?
I often eat in the school canteen.
I always eat in the school canteen.
5. Now report to the class about your partners activities in a form.
6. Listen to your teacher and learn to pronounce the degree adverbs on
the chart below.
Not at all
not very
a bit rather
quite
very
extremely
+
+++
+++
++++
+++++
++++++
0% of the time
100%
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UNIT 1:

Intercultural Exchanges
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Mr.Salem Zemali

7. Draw the chart above in a vertical position. Then find sentences which
have degree adverbs in Kirsis e-mail and copy them on your chart.

Kirsi is quite a common name.

School is a little bit far from my home.
It isnt very big
8. Now spot the position of the degree adverbs in each of the sentences
in your chart. What conclusion can you draw?
9. Make dialogues about your country / town using the cues in the table
below.
LOCATION
Its in ..
Its situated in.. / located in..
BORDERS / FRONTIERS
To the east, its bordered by .
To the west, its bordered by .
To the north, its bordered by .
To the south, its bordered by .
POPULATION
There are . inhabitants.
It has a population of inhabitants
AREA
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It has an area of ..
LENGTH
Its . Kilometres long
WEATHER / CLIMATE
Its average temperature in summer / in winter is less /more than
CHARATERISTICS
Its famous for
Its well-known for
WRITE IT OUT
Read Kirsis e-mail and write a short reply following the plan below.
Opening
a. Introduce yourself briefly.
- Name
- Nationality
- Age
- Occupation
b. Describe your regular activities using frequency adverbs.
- Describe your regular activities on weekdays & weekends.
- On weekdays / Choose one weekday / describe it.
SEQUENCERS
First,
Next,
Then,
After,
Later,
Before the end,
Finally,

SUBJECT

ADVERB
generally

VERB
wake up

REST OF SENTENCE
At 6 a.m.

- On weekends
- How do you spend your weekends? Where? How often?
c. Introduce your family small / large
-father
- mother
name, age, occupation
- brother(s)
- sisters(s)
d. Introduce your country briefly using degree adverbs with adjectives.
ACTIVITY 9
e. What is your country famous for?
CLOSING

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Intercultural Exchanges
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Mr.Salem Zemali

SEQUENCE THREE: DEVELOPING SKILLS

DEVELOPING SKILLS 1
FORMALITY Vs INFORMALTY PHONE
1. What would you expect interlocutors on the phone to say in the
following situation?
FORMALITY Vs INFORMALTY
Caller
Phone
Receiver
A. The person at the receiving end says the number called:
b. zero-two-seven-three- two-two
B. The caller forgets to announce his/her identity; the person at the
receiving end asks:
b. Whos calling, please?
C. The person at the receiving end asks the caller to wait for a moment in
order to get connected to the person wanted:
c. Could you hold on, please?
D. The person at the receiving end asks the caller to wait for a moment in
order to get connected to the person wanted:
b. Im afraid he isnt here at the moment.
2. Now, listen to the phone conversation and check your answers to 1.
Unit One / Script 3 (Developing Skills)
Telephone conversation One
Secretary: Mr. Boyle's secretary speaking. Who's calling, please?
Caller: Oh, my name's Barnes, Charles Barnes. I'm ringing about the job which you
advertised in yesterday's Evening News.
Secretary: Which one was that? Was it the one for a shop assistant or the one for a
cashier?
Caller: It's the one for a shop assistant.
Secretary: Could you hold on! I'll check if the job is still vacant. Oh! I'm afraid we've
already filled the vacancy. I'm really sorry.
Caller: It doesn't matter. Thank you for the information. Goodbye.
Secretary: Goodbye.
Unit One / Script 3 (Developing Skills)
Telephone conversation Two
Carol: Hello!
John: Hello, 4158668?
Carol: Could I speak to Mr. Smith?
Mr. Smith: Who's calling, please?
Carol: My name is Carol, Carol Richards.
John: Hold on, please. Ill see if hes in Im afraid he isnt here at the moment. Can I
take a message?
Carol: Thank you. Ill call him up this evening. Good bye.
John: Good bye.
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Intercultural Exchanges
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Mr.Salem Zemali

A.
B:
A:
B:
A:

3. Exchange your phone number. PAIR WORK

Ive bought a Nokia mobile phone.
Congratulations! Whats your number then?
Its 063 25 08 40
Say it more slowly. I want to type it in.
Ok! 0 6 3 2 5 0 8 4 0

4. Pair work. Use the tactics summary to make phone conversations.

Situation1 INFORMAL: Accept or refuse an invitation.
Iheb: Hello, ..!
Me: Hi, Iheb!
Iheb: What about going out for a football match tomorrow?
Me : Yes, Ill be very pleased.
Me : Sorry, I cant because Im very busy this week.
Situation2 FORMAL: Secretary takes callers name, phone n & message.
Caller
: Good morning!
Secretary (Me): Good morning! Mr. Blacks secretary speaking. Who's calling, please?
Caller
: Oh, my names Clapton, Eric Clapton. Id like to talk to Mr. Black, please.
Secretary (Me): Im afraid he isnt here at the moment. Can I take a message?
Caller
: Thank you. Please ask him to call me. My phone number is 063 25 08 40.
Secretary (Me): Is that all?
Caller
: Yes, it is.
Secretary (Me): Bye.
Caller
: Thank you! Bye.
Situation3 INFORMAL: Friend not in. Leave a message.
Me
: Hi, Iheb!
Ihebs mother: Hello! Im sorry Iheb is not in. Im his mum. Would you like to
leave him a message?
Me
: Yes, please. Could you tell him to call me? My phone number is 072 79 68 40.
Ihebs mother: Ok. Bye
Me
: Thank you. Good-bye.
DEVELOPING SKILLS 2
FORMALITY Vs INFORMALTY INVITATION
1. Read texts 1, 2, 3 & 4 on the next page. Then write the number of the text
in the table below to identify what type of message each of them is.
TEXT NUMBER
2
3
1

TYPE OF MESSAGE
An informal invitation
A formal acceptance of invitation
A formal invitation
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Exchanges
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Mr.Salem Zemali

A informal refusal of invitation

2. Read again text 1 on the next page and answer these questions.
a. House warming is a celebration of the occupancy of a new home.
House warming is a party given when a family moves into a house for the first time.
b. The house warming is on Saturday.
c. The house warming is at 7p.m.
d. Rpondre Sil Vous Plait.
3. Look at the invitations 1 & 2 again & say why they are different. In
which situation would you use each of them?
Differences in terms of:
Form:
FORMAL INVITATION 1

INFORMAL INVITATION 2

Well organized

Simple / straightforward

Content:
FORMAL INVITATION 1

INFORMAL INVITATION 2

Polite requests
R.S.V.P

Simple / straightforward requests

No R.S.V.P

: Situations
FORMAL

INFORMAL

School / Administration

Home / Friend /

4. Pair work: Take turns to write invitations and thank you notes. Use texts 1, 2, 3 & 4 as models.
INVITATION 1
September 25th , 2005
Elhadi and Fatma Elbahi
would like to invite you to their
HOUSE WARMING
on Friday 30th September from 7.00 to
9.00 p.m. and look forward to showing
you their new house.
R.S.V.P

THANK YOU NOTE 3

September 25th , 2005
Dear Mr. Elbahi,
Thank you very much for your
Invitation. It will be a real pleasure for
me to meet you again.
I am looking forward to seeing you
on Friday at 7 p.m.
Yours sincerely,

Mokhtar Mesbahi
5. Read texts 5, 6 & 7 on the next page and identify the type of message
each of them is. Write the appropriate text numbering the table below.
TEXT NUMBER
TYPE OF MESSAGE
A formal letter of apology.
6
A formal note to ask for school leave.
5
An informal note of apology.
7
6. Read texts 5 & 6. Which is the most formal?
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Intercultural Exchanges
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Mr.Salem Zemali

Text 6 is more formal; Dear Mr. Johnson, Vs Dear Sir / Madam,

7. Now write a letter or note to your headmaster to apologise for a
mistake you have done. Use letters 5 & 6 as models.
September 25th , 2005

September 25th , 2005

Dear Sir,

Dear Sir,

Please excuse me for the

mistake Ive done. I promise that
I will never do it again.
Yours sincerely,
Elbahi Elhadi

I am writing to apologise for the

mistake Ive done. I promise that I
will never do it again.
Yours faithfully,
Elbahi Elhadi

DEVELOPING SKILLS 3
1. Put number 1-9 in the corresponding small boxes (a-i) below to get a
coherent letter.
a. Your address 3
b. Date 2
c. Name & address
of language school 8
d. Re: 4
e. Salutation 9
f. Say why you are writing 5
g. Introduce yourself. 7
h. Ask for information. 6
i. Closing
+Name 1
2. Meriem receives a letter of reply. Put numbers1-4 in the boxes below to
indicate the order in which her correspondents will
a. say they are enclosing an information prospectus. 2
b. thank Meriem Djoual for her enquiry. 1
c. try to persuade her to follow summer Stratford School of English. 3
d. invite further contact enquiries. 4
3. Check your answers to exercise 2 with your teacher.
4. Make the best use of the information above and the sentences below
to write a reply to Meriem Djouals letter of enquiry. Begin and close the
letter correctly.
- Please find enclosed here our latest information prospectus ,which we hope will be of
interest to you. 2
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Intercultural Exchanges
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- Thank you for your enquiry about our summer courses.1

- Were permanent, were professional, we offer you a warm welcome here at our school. 3
- We look forward to hearing from you soon. 4
The Stradford School of English
8, Tiddington Road,
Stradford-Upon-Avon,
Warwickshire,
England.
October 1st , 2005
Meriem Djoual
12, Rue Colonel Chabani,
Laghouat,
Algeria
Re: Summer Courses
Dear Miss Djoual,
Thank you for your enquiry about our summer
courses. Please find enclosed here our latest information
prospectus, which we hope will be of interest to you.
Were permanent, were professional, we offer you a
warm welcome here at our school. We invite you to write

for further contact enquiries.

We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully,
The headmaster
Mr. John White

DEVELOPING SKILLS 4
Sympathy Vs Congratulations
1. Read the texts below and identify what message each of them
contains. Copy the table and put text numbers 1-4 in the boxes.
TEXT NUMBER
MESSAGE
Message expressing sympathy
2
Obituary
4
Congratulating someone.
1
Announcing a happy event.
3
2. Find which message (1 or 2) corresponds to which message (3 or 4).
3. Write small messages to express sympathy and congratulations. Use
the texts above as models.
Congratulations
Sympathy

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Intercultural Exchanges
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Dear Salim and Fahima,

I have just heard the happy
news! Congratulations on the
birth of Iheb. Were all delighted.
Ill pay you a visit soon.
Take care of yourselves!
Love,
Reda

Dear Farida and family,

I have just heard the
heartbreaking news! I was very sad
about your brothers death. Please
accept
my
deepest
sympathy/
condolence. I only met him briefly,
but I remember him as a warm and
generous person.
I am sorry I was unable to
come to the funeral. If there is any
way I can help, please let me know.
Yours sincerely,
Karim

STOP & CONSIDER Epressing Purpose

1. Study the sentences below. Then answer the questions and check your
answers with the reminder below.
A. I am writing to inform you that we are pleased to offer you the job of Computer Operator
at a starting salary of 2,000 a month.
In order for us to process your personnel file, please fill in the job application l form enclosed
here and send it back to us as soon as possible.
B. This is just a reminder. In order not to lose the forthcoming game, you have to attend
regularly all training sessions.
C. She has taken the bus so as to arrive at school earlier than usual.
D. So as not to repeat the year, we advise all students to work harder than they have done so
far.
Questions
a. Underline the parts of the sentences which express purpose.
b. Spot the position of the bold words in the sentences. What conclusion
can
you draw?
SENTENCE + to/so as to/ in order to + STEM VERB + rest of sentence.
c. What are the negative forms of `in order' and `so as to'? What
conclusion can you draw?
SENTENCE + not to/so as not to/ in order not to + STEM VERB + rest of sentence
REMINDER

We use `to' , `so as to' and `in order to' to express purpose.
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 Example: A: What did you send her a message for?

B: I sent her a message to/so as to/ in order to congratulate her.
The negatives are: not to, in order not to , and so as not to.
Example: - I sent her a message not to invite her, but to congratulate her.
- So as not to be late for the party, you have to start now.
- You have to start now in order not to be late for the party.
2. Fill in the blanks in the messages below with `to, in order to', `so as
to' or their negatives. Several choices are sometimes possible.
a. We are writing (1) congratulate you for your success in the competition.
b. . (2) complete your registration, you have to pay the fees before September 12th.
c. I will go to university
(3) study Mathematics, but (4) study literature.
d. Read your message silently (5) disturb other internauts.
STOP AND CONSIDER
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
3. Complete each of the sentences below with the appropriate reflexive
pronoun (himself, herself, itself, yourself, ourselves, themselves).
Example:
a. You have to introduce ..
b. Farid admires ..
c. Ahmed describes .
d. Karim and Rachid have to clean
e. My friend and I enjoyed very much at the party.
f. The parrot is looking at .. in the mirror
REMINDER
Reflexive pronouns are used with certain verbs, when the object of the
Verb is the same as the subject.
Example: I have to introduce myself.
STOP AND CONSIDER
EXPRESSING STRONG / WEAK OBLIGATION
4. Read the sentences below and answer the questions.
a. I have to send a message to Jenny. She is my best friend.
b. You don't have to buy her a present.
She has told that in her message.
c. John had to e-mail his application very quickly.
He was late.
d. I didn't have to email the reply.
I had enough time.
e. You needn't email an invitation to her.
You just have to phone.
f. You don't need to worry. The message will arrive soon.
g. I know I mustn't forget about her message. It's important.
Questions:
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A. Spot the position of the words in bold type. MEDIAL POSITION

B. What are the negative forms of `have to' and `must?
VERB:
Affirmative form
`have to'

Negative form
don't have to /

didn't have to

e.g. You don't have to buy

e.g. I didn't have to email ...
AUXILIARY:
Affirmative form

Negative form

`must

mustn't
e.g. I know I mustn't forget

C. What is special about the negative form of 'need'?

AUXILIARY: externally imposed obligation /Weak Obligation
Affirmative form
Negative form
needn't email

'need'

e.g. You needn't email .

VERB: internally imposed obligation /Strong Obligation
Affirmative form
Negative form
need to worry

don't need to worry

e.g. You don't need to worry.

USAGE NOTE: Depending on the sense:
When used as a main verb, need agrees with its subject, takes to before
the verb following it, and combines with do in questions, negations, and certain other
constructions: He needs to go. Does he need to go so soon? He doesn't need to go.
When used as an auxiliary verb, need does not agree with its subject,
does not take to before the verb following it, and does not combine with do: He needn't go.
Need he go so soon? The auxiliary forms of need are used primarily in present-tense
questions, negations, and conditional clauses. They differ subtly in meaning from the main
verb forms in that they always refer to an externally imposed obligation. Hence one might
say You needn't (or less formally, don't need to) fill out both forms, but where the sense of
necessity is internal to the subject, only the main verb can be used: I don't need to (not
needn't) be told how to manage my own affairs.
Note also that the use of need as an auxiliary is often accompanied by a presupposition
that the activity in question has in fact been performed. The boys needn't have spoken
frankly implies that they did in fact speak frankly, whereas the sentence The boys did
not need to speak frankly does not; only the latter could be followed by a clause like
they conveyed their meanings by indirection.
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AMERICAN HERITAGE

D. Choose a verb from a - g above to replace the words in bold type in the sentences below.
People must keep silent in a library.
People have to keep silent in a library.
People need to keep silent in a library
You don't have to press on this key to send a message.
You must not press on this key to send a message.
You don't need to press on this key to send a message.
E. Rewrite the sentences below to express obligation and absence obligation
of in the past.
a. We must send an invitation to Ryan.
We have to send an invitation to Ryan
We did not have to send an invitation to Ryan
b. We don't have to send him a message.
We must not send him a message.
We didn't have to send him a message.
c. We needn't write our address.
We do not need to write our address.
We did not need to write our address.
d. We have to email the invitation before 6 o'clock.
We must email the invitation before 6 o'clock.
We did not have to email the invitation before 6 o'clock.
REMINDER
Have to, must and needn't
1- We use affirmative and question forms of `must' and 'have to' to express obligation.
Example: You must start from here. Do I have to start from here?
2 - We use `must not / `mustn't ' to express prohibition / strong obligation.
Example: You mustn't switch on the computer before quitting the program.
3 - We use `need not / needn't ' and `do / does not have to' to say that there is no obligation /
weak obligation to do something.
Example: You needn't / don't have to send a message. Just phone them.
Note: There is no past form of must. We use `had to' and `did not / didn't have to' to express
obligation and absence of obligation in the past.
Example: We had to switch off the computer before leaving.
STOP AND CONSIDER
ARTICLES / DETERMINERS
5. Fill in the blanks with an article (a, an or the). If you don't need an
article mark the space with a zero article ( ).
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Hello,
Im writing to say I'm happy to know that you want to be my key pal. Thank
you for (1) photo. It's really very beautiful. It's my turn to inform you
about myself, my country and my family.
My name's (2) Amel. In (3) Arabic, it means "(4) hope".
I'm 16, and I go to(5) Secondary School. ..(6) subjects I like best are (7)
Physics and. (8) English. Im average height, and I have(9) fair hair and
..(10) blue eyes.
I live in . (11) Northeast of (12) Algeria. .(13) Algeria is situated in
..(14) North Africa. Its capital is ..(15) Algiers.
Were a family of four. My father is .(16) engineer and my mother is
.(17) housewife. I have (18) younger brother and . (19)
older sister. They're .. (20) students, too.
I look forward to hearing from you soon. Take care of yourself.
Best regards,
Amel
P S . Y o u l l f i n d my photo in attachment.
Check your answers with the Reminder below.
REMINDER
a and an are indefinite articles. We use them only before singular countable nouns.
the is a definite article. We use it before common nouns (singular and plural, countable
and uncountable nouns).
Countable singular
A photo
The photo

(1ST Ref)
(2nd Ref)

Countable plural
photos
The photos

Uncountable (singular)
paper
The paper

(1ST Ref)
(2nd Ref)

(1ST Ref)
(2nd Ref)

When a noun has no article before it, we call this a zero article.
Some and any are often used as the plural of a / an.
Example:
I have received an e-mail.
I have some e-mails.
Have you received any e-mails?
I havent received any e-mails.
STOP AND CONSIDER
PREPOSITIONS
6. Fill in each blank below with one of the following: in, on, off, for, up, at, or down.
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a. To start the computer, you must switch .. this button.

b. Click .. the `e-mail' option.
c. In order to check your mail, you have to sign .
d. If you want to create an e-mail address you have to sign ..
e. If you want to move .the page, you have to use the cursor.
7. Read the advertisement. Then write a short note to a friend of yours using `until'
or `from... to'.
Start like this:
Just a short note to tell you that the Tower of London will be open for visitors...
Discover the Tower of London and experience some most extraordinary aspects of Britain's
history. Admire the breathtaking Jewels of the Crown, stand on the execution site of queens and
knights!
Opening Times
Until 31 Oct:
Tues- Sat 09.00- 18.00
Mon & Sun 10.00- 18.00
From 1 Nov:
Tues- Sat 09.00- 17.00
Mon & Sun 10.00- 17.00
(last admission 1 hour before closing)
Check your answer to exercise 7 with the Reminder.
REMINDER
A. We use from to to give periods of time.
(Past)
Now
March

(future)

e.g. It will take from now to next March to finish the work.
From...to are used with:
Years (from 1954 to 1962)
Months (from May to July)
Days (from Saturday to Thursday)
Dates (from May 1St to July Stn)
Parts of the day (from dawn to dusk) - hours (from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.)
B. We use `until' to give end points in time.
(Past)
9 o'clock

Now

(future)

e.g. I waited for the message until 9 o'clock and I left.

Until is used with:
years (until 2015)
months (until December)
days (until Monday)
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dates (until July 5th)

hours (until5 o'clock)
STOP AND CONSIDER

NEITHER... NOR

EITHER OR

8. Learn to use neither nor by doing the activities below.

A. Listen to the dialogue below and underline the words which have
the main stress in speech bubble.
B. Now close your books and act out the dialogue paying attention to
intonation and stress. Phonology & semantics are closely linked to convey meaning.
C. Join each pair of sentences below with neither...nor ....Then
check your answers with the Reminder.
a. My TV set isnt old.
My computer isnt old.
Neither my TV set nor my computer is / are old
b. Karim isnt lazy.
He isnt stupid.
Karim is neither lazy nor stupid
c. Omar isnt late.
Youcef isnt late.
Neither Omar nor Youcef is / are late
d. Kate does not like chatting. She doesnt like surfing on the net.
Kate neither likes chatting nor surfing on the net.
REMINDER
Neither ... nor is a conjunction. It refers to 2 people or 2 things. It
takes either a singular or a plural verb.
E.g. Neither Tom nor Mary know (s) computing.
9. Learn to use either or by doing the activities below.
a. Listen to your teacher then identify the words which are stressed
in the underlined sentence of the dialogue below.
Ryan: Do you want to have a computer or a video for your birthday?
Lydia: I want both.
Ryan: Im really sorry. You can have either a computer or a video. You cant have both.
b. Books closed. Act out the dialogue above with your classmates.
Pay attention to stress & intonation.
c. Pair work: Now, help yourself with the information below to play
out dialogues using either or .
STUDENT A: gives a choice of two things. (book/camera/mobile/printer/ PC)
STUDENT B: wants both.
STUDENT A: says sorry and says that b has to make a choice.
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SAMPLE:
STUDENT A: Do you want to have a book or a camera for your birthday?
STUDENT B: I want both.
STUDENT A: Im really sorry. You can have either a book or a camera. You cant have both.
d. Write down a sample dialogue and a Reminder on your copybook.
STUDENT A: Do you want to have a printer or a CD writer for your birthday?
STUDENT B: I want both.
STUDENT A: Im really sorry. You can have either a printer or a CD writer. You cant have
both.
REMINDER
Either ... or is a conjunction. It refers to 2 elements. It takes a singular
verb.
e.g. You can have either a PC or a video.
e.g. Either Eve or John has been invited.
SEQUENCE FOUR: CONSOLIDATION & EXTENSION 1
WRITE IT OUT 1
1. Read the help wanted ad & say what the applicant has to / must do
in case she/he gets the job.
Activities include: swimming, singing,
HELP WANTED
Camp leaders for 7-10 years old during school dancing, cooking, drama, telling stories &
vacation.
sports.
Must be tolerant, patient, open-minded, Apply to:
cheerful & understanding.
Mr. Michael Armonstrong,
Duties: dealing with children, organising &
Director, Haryton Bay Summer
participating in daily activities.
Camp, 2178 Mountain Street
Miami, Florida 60306
In case she/he gets the job the applicant has to / must:
deal with children, organise & participate in daily activities.
know swimming, singing, dancing, cooking, drama, telling stories & sports.
2. Now, identify the most important pieces of information that the
applicant includes in the application below that she is suitable for the job.

46 Regent Street
Madison 15026
WISCONSIN
May 20th , 2005
Mr. Michael Armstrong
Haryton Bay Summer Camp
2187 Mountain Street
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N.W. Miami Florida 60306

Re: Camp Leader
Dear Mr. Armstrong,
I have seen your advertisement for camp leaders in USA TODAY. and would like to apply
for the job.
I am a junior at Thomas Jefferson High School with good marks in arts and philosophy. I am
a member of the photography and music clubs, and I enjoy meeting people. I often volunteer to
work in infant hospital works. So I think that I am suitable for the job.
I was born in Columbus and I am sixteen years old. I will turn seventeen next January. I
have lived at the address above for the past ten years. I often look after my brothers and sisters
when my father and my mother are at work. So I think that I have quite a good experience in
dealing with children.
I am ready to start work at the end of June, when the school summer vacation begins. I have
asked two of my teachers Mr. Jones Clark and Miss. Smithson to send you two letters of
reference for me.
Yours sincerely,
Joy. J. Parfit
3. Copy & fill in this rsum (CV) with information from Joys letter of application.
Rsum
Name: Joy.
J.
Parfit
First
middle initial
Last
Address: 46 Regent St Madison 15026 WISCONSIN
Place of Birth: Columbus
Age: Sixteen years old
Education: Arts and Philosophy in Thomas Jefferson High School WISCONSIN.
Languages: English
Previous work experience: volunteer in infant hospital works.
Interests: photography and music
References: Mr. Jones Clark and Miss. Smithson.
4. Complete each of the three letters of reply below with one of the
following opening sentences. Match letters a-c with numbers 1-3.
a. Thank you for offering me the post of camp leader.
b. I am writing to inform you that I am able to offer you the position as a camp leader.
c. Thank you for your letter of June 6th.
a.
b.
c.
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I should like you to come for an interview

You will get a salary of $ 50 a week.
on Friday June 12th.
Could you, please, call number 888 547 to
Would you, please, confirm that this is
2
confirm this?
acceptable to you?
th
Can you also let us know the exact date
I will be on vacation from June 30 to
when you are free to start work?
September 12th. So I can start work on July 2nd
I am looking forward to joining one of your
1
3
camps.
5. Now, find what each message is: refusal or acceptance?
Refusal
Acceptance
6. Fill in your own rsum form as above. Then write a letter of
application using information from the advert on the previous page.
a. Senders Address 3
b. Date 2
c. Name & address of Recipient8
d. Re: 4
e. Opening Salutation 9
f. Apply for the job 5
g. Introduce yourself. 7
h. Mention experience if any. 6
k. Closing 10
i. Closing Salutation
+ signature1
a

10

7. Match the following sentences with the above letter.

1. Respectfully yours, + signature
2. Date
3. Your address
4. Reference: Camp Leader
5. I should like to apply for the position of camp leader which was advertised in USA TODAY.
6. I have worked in a summer vacation camp in Bejaia, Algeria for two months.
7. I am an Algerian 1st year Algerian student of 16 in Ben MHidi High School, Taref, Algeria.
8. Mr. M. Armstrong
Haryton Bay Summer Camp
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2187, Miami, Florida 60306

U.S.A
9. Dear Sir,
10. I am looking forward to hearing from you.
8. Now, write the application letter paying attention to form & content.
a. Hlima Chouchane
3
Route NATIONALE 44 N 11
Ben M Hidi, Taref,
Algeria.
b. October 25th, 2005 2
c. Mr. M. Armstrong8
Haryton Bay Summer Camp
2187, Miami, Florida 60306
U.S.A
d. Re: Camp Leader4
e. Dear Sir, 9
f. I should like to apply for the position of camp leader which was advertised in USA
TODAY.5 g. I am an Algerian 1st year student of 16 in Ben MHidi High School, Taref,
Algeria.7h. I have worked in a summer vacation camp in Bejaia, Algeria for two months. 6
k.I am looking forward to hearing from you. 10
i. Respectfully yours,
H. Chouchane1
WORK IT OUT
1. Read dialogues 1-5 and identify the problem. Then complete each of
the dialogues with replies a-e.
A: Hello, can I speak to Nora Jones, please?
B: What number do you want?
A: 873291
B: c.Youve got the wrong number. 1
a. No, I cant. Its a bad line.
A:
B:
A:
B:

Hello, is that Hind Benmouloud?

Could you speak up? I cant hear you very well.
a. No, I cant. Its a bad line. 2 Ill call you back.
Sorry, what did say? I didnt catch that
b. Your line was engaged.
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A:
B:
A:
B:
A:

Good morning. Im Jamila.

Jane, here.
Hello Jane. I tried to call you about nine oclock, but I couldnt get through.
What was the problem?
3
b. Your line was
engaged.
c. Youve got the wrong number.

A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:

Can I speak to Mr. Jones?

Im afraid he is not in his office. He wont be back till next week.
Sorry, I dont understand. e. My English is not very well.4
He wont be back till next week. Hes not here.
Oh, thank you.
Try his mobile phone.
Sorry?
I say he has a mobile phone.
d. Yes, our phones were out of order all morning.

A:
B:
A:
B:

Hello, James. I tried to call you earlier, but I could not get through.
When did you call?
Just after ten.
d. Yes, our phones were out of order all morning. 5
e. My English is not very well.
1
c

2
a

3
b

4
e

5
d

2. Pair work: Imagine that you have one of the phone problems above.
Play out a dialogue about it. (Books closed)
CONSOLIDATION & EXTENSION 2
Problem Consonants
1. Read the dialogue below and underline the words where the letter r
is not pronounced.
1 A: Im afraid the doctor isnt here at the moment.
B: Sorry, I dont understand. Can you speak more slowly, please?
2

A: Im sorry to hear that Irma is sick.

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B: I really appreciate how you feel about it.

3

A: Georgette rang up at four. Her message is over there on the fridge.

B: Oh! This is great. Shes inviting us at her birthday party.
1
2
3
Doctor - here
hear
over there- her - party
Why isnt the letter r pronounced?

/d

kt / - / hi / - / v / - / e / - /he / - / p:ti /

The letter r is not pronounced because it comes at the end of the word.
The letter r is pronounced / / NEUTRAL SOUND.
2. Now, listen to your teacher read the dialogues and check your
answers. Then play out the dialogues with your classmate.
3. Read the sentences below and say how you pronounce each of the
underlined letters /f/ or /v/, /d/ or /t/, /s/ or /z/.
a. Im very sorry, but you have to choose to come back at five.
b. Im sorry but I can explain why I was absent. I had a cold. So I had to see a doctor.
c. He has to send his letters by post because he has neither a fax nor a computer
4. Now listen and check your answers to exercise 3 as your teacher
reads the sentences.
Spelling
Pronunciation
very - have - five
/v/
was has - letters
/z/
had
/d/
Why is s pronounced /z/ ?
The letter s is pronounced /z/ because :
The letter s is final final s Final s is pronounced /z/ or /iz/ or /s/ as follows:
takes- helps- gets- roofs- pathshouses- sneezes- brushes- churches- ages- bridges
letters-has -was-hides-bags-calls

/s/

/ iz /

/z/

After /k/, /p/, /t/, /f/, //

After /s/, /z/, //, /t/, /z/, /dz/

houses- sneezes- brusheschurches- ages- bridges

Other cases

takes- helps- gets- roofspaths-

letters-has -washides-bags-calls

Classify these words according to the pronunciation of their finals:

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paragraphs- oranges- groups- flocks- gases- kisses- hats- uses- laughsjudges-cups- beliefs- friends- computers
5. Guess which word you will hear most in each of the sentences of the
dialogue below if you read it aloud. Justify your answers.
6. Now, listen to your teacher read the dialogues and check your
answers to exercise 5. Then close your books & play out the dialogues in
pairs.
PROJECT WORKSHOP
Overall purpose: Responding to a help-wanted advert in terms of:
Task 1
Rsum
Task 2
Writing a formal application letter
Writing a formal application letter.
You have found the following advert in Le Matin newspaper:
COCA COLA
Due to the substantial growth of our business in Algeria, we are seeking for:
SECRETARY
Are you:
- Proactive & Dynamic
- Computer literate
- Fluent in English
Do you have:
- A university degree
- Experience of 4 years minimum within a multinational company
If you are less than 30 years old, please send your application letter and your rsum
in English within two weeks to: COCA COLA, 1 Rue Bachir Attar Alger
Task 1
Rsum
Rsum
Name: .
First
middle initial
Last
Address: ..
Place of Birth: ..
Age: ...
Education: ..
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Languages:
Previous work experience: ..
Interests: ..
References: .
Task 2
Writing a formal application letter
a. Senders Address 3
b. Date 2
c. Name & address of Recipient8
d. Re: 4
e. Opening Salutation 9
f. Apply for the job 5
g. Introduce yourself. 7
h. Mention experience if any. 6
k. Closing 10
i. Closing Salutation
+ signature1
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
Do the exercises below and fill in the questionnaire at the end.
1. Look at the picture and with the help of the title below guess what
the text is about.
Title: Make sure you mind your e-manners.
2. The passage below is the 1st of the text. Read it and check your
answer to question 1.
When we communicate through e-mail, it is very easy for us to be rude to our
correspondents at the receiving end of the line. The reason for this is very simple. In face-to-face
communication, we use speech to communicate what we want to say to our interlocutors. The way we
say the words is very important. Our tone of voice indicates our emotions to them and shows if we are
pleased or angry. In addition, we use gestures and facial to emphasize what we say and to show
our interlocutors that we are saying something very important. The interlocutors can either nod or
shake their heads to indicate agreement or disagreement. It is different when we communicate
through e-mail. Our correspondents can neither see our gestures nor hear the tone of our voice. So
we forget about our good manners more quickly.

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3. Choose the best summary of the above. Circle the letter of the
correct answer and justify your choice.
a. We forget about our good manners more quickly on the net than in face-to-face communication
because of the presence of our correspondents.
b. We forget about our good manners more quickly on the Net than in face-to-face
communication because of the absence of our correspondents.
Justifications:
Speech- Our tone of voice & emotions gestures & facial expression nodding heads
c. E-rudeness doesnt count. So you can forget your bad manners more quickly.
4. Read the again and answer these questions.
a. Is it easy to be rude when you communicate through e-mail? Why?
Yes, it is. it is very easy for us to be rude to our correspondents at the receiving end
of the line because our correspondents can neither see our gestures nor hear the tone of our voice.
b. What do we use in face-to-face communication? Complete the
sentence below.
We use either . or .
In face-to-face communication, we use either our tone of voice or gestures to
communicate what we want to say to our interlocutors.
5. Pick out the words with a silent r sound from the text.
6. Guess what the author of the text above will do next. Tick
best answer to complete the sentence below.
The author will .
a. narrate one of this experiences on the Net.
b. define what e-manners are.
c. show why e-manners are important.

the

7. Read the below and check your answer to question 5 above.

E-mail is one of the most important modern forms of communication. E-mail
messages travel fast and securely, but these messages are not personal. Some e-mail users
dont watch their manners at all when they communicate through e-mails. These manners
consist of a code of conduct which e-mailers call Netiquette. Netiquette sets the correct form
for professional e-correspondence. Its purpose is to make e-mailing less rude and more
enjoyable.
8. Rewrite the sentence in bold type comparing e-mail messages with
ordinary messages. Use the following:
adjective + er than, less adjective than or more adjective than.
E-mail messages travel faster than ordinary messages.
E-mail messages are more secure, but are less personal than ordinary messages.
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9. Join the underlined sentences in the text above to form one complex
sentence. Use in order to, so as to. . Make any necessary changes.
Netiquette sets the correct form for professional e-correspondence in order to / so as
to make e-mailing less rude and more enjoyable.
10. Identify the mistakes in each of the e-mail messages below and
correct them.
Hello Said,
I have just heard that youve passed your baccalaureate exam. I congratulate you and
wish you every success in your university studies next year.
See you soon.
Bob
Best regards
Mr. Johnson,
You have offered me the position of secretary.
I regret to inform you that I cannot accept the position because I received another
more attractive offer.
Dogherty J. Peter
Dear Madam,
Thank you for offering me the post of tourist guide. I should like to accept the post and
look forward to joining your firm.
Yours sincerely,
Mariama Jones

Miss Lee,
I am writing to apologize for all the noise that my children made last night.
I will make sure that they won't repeat the same mistake next time.
Claire James
11. Read the text below and check if the types of mistakes you have identified
and corrected are the same as those which less professional e-mailers generally
make.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
A. Always behave yourself on the line as you would in face-to face communication.
Think about what you write and keep your e-mails polite. Choose your greeting according
to your relationship with the correspondent. You can use hi or hello when you address a
friend but in business e-mail you need to be more formal. So you have to choose
appropriate titles like Mr. X, Mrs. X, Sir.
B. Never write e-mail messages in capital letters. Capitalize with care because capital letters are
33

UNIT 1:

Intercultural Exchanges
Entirely prepared by
Mr.Salem Zemali

the Internet equivalent of shouting. You should use capital letters for names of people and places,
and in order to mark the beginning of a new sentence or to stress an important point in your
e-mail.
C. Good e-mailers rarely write all their e-mails in abbreviated or poor English, such as c u
tonite. A lot of abbreviations often confuse and annoy the correspondent who tries to decipher
them.
D. Everyone is generally busy, and we have to pay for e-mail either by the line or by size of the
file. So try to write shorter e-mails so as not to waste your correspondents time and money.
12. What does each of the underlined words or groups of words in the above
express?
A. You can use hi or hello express
PERMISSION
A. You need to be more formal
express
OBLIGATION
B. in order to mark the beginning of a new sentence express PURPOSE
D. We have to pay for e-mail express OBLIGATION
Write shorter e-mails so as not to waste your correspondents time express PURPOSE
13. Guess why the e-mailer in the picture receives a stop sign from his correspondent
at the receiving end.
The e-mailer receives a stop sign from his correspondent at the receiving end because:
- he has no e-manners.
- he writes e-mails in capital letters.
- he writes e-mails in abbreviated or poor English.
14. Fill in the blank spaces below with `from', to and until'. Then check your answer

to question 12.
Finally, don't click on the `queue' button to send your message (1) .you
have asked yourself these questions. Do you really mean that insult or threat in your message?
Would you like to get the message youre about to send? Are you just joking? (2) ...time
(3) time an accidental bad comment (4)you can cause a `flaming', a bad reaction
(5).your recipient. So use emoticons or smileys ( ) to express your feelings and real
intentions (6) .your correspondent.
15. Make the best use of the information above to write a about how
professional e-mailers generally write their e-mails. Use frequency adverbs.

34

UNIT 1:

Intercultural Exchanges
Entirely prepared by
Mr.Salem Zemali