Idef 0

Introduction to IDEF 0- Appendix A
Appendix A
Introduction
to IDEF 0
IDEF or Integrated Definition language is the modelling technique used to model

functional process and corresponding information to support functional process
improvement. This methodology was to be used as a regimented approach to
firm,
"as-is"
organisation
of
a
capturing
process models, and for modelling
analysing
firm
the
organisation.
activities within
IDEF's roots began to form when the Air Force of the United States, in response to
the identification of the need to improve manufacturing operations, established the
Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) programme in the mid 1970s. As
it is needed for several different purposes, this family of methods has been developed
into several different models as follows:
The IDEF 0 is used to model the activities to accomplish a processand produce a

in
details
later.
discuss
It
product. will
more
IDEF 1 is used for information modelling, which captures conceptual views of the
is
information.
It
an analysis method to capture, communicate,
organisation's
firm.
information
needs of the organisation of a
analyse, and understand the
firm's
logical
the
IDEF IX is used for data modelling, which captures the
view of
data and is based on an entity relationship model.
IDEF 2 is a simulation model design method, and it is used to represent time

in
behaviour
varying
of resources a manufacturing system.
is
it
used to capture
IDEF 3 is a process description capture method, and
how
a
behavioural aspects of a system. It is a structured method used to express
the
system.
different
of
views
user
system or an organisation works and show
202
IDEF 4 was developed to support the object-oriented design method.

_
IDEF 5 through IDEF 14 still in the process of development'.
Of these models, the IDEF 0 was the most suitable for the purpose of this research.
The basic building block used in IDEF modelling is the ICOM. ICOM stands for
Input, Control, Output, and Mechanism. Here is a generic ICOM (Figure 1) that
Control,
Output,
Input,
Mechanism
the
the
to
the
of
and
activity.
relationships
shows
Control
Output
Input
Mechanism
Figure 1. A Generic IDEF Model
include
and
This
material
Input It will be transformed by the activity or process.
information
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203
Control - Those elements related to the activity that constrains or governs how the
be
include
Examples
budget
conducted.
will
policy,
constraints, and customer
activity
requirements.
Output - The result of the activity. This is the input after it is transformed by the
activity.
Mechanism - Those things that do or support the activity. This may be people,
facilities
or equipment necessaryto accomplish the activity. The direct costs
systems,
doing
an activity are associated with the mechanisms.
of
The first step in constructing an IDEFO function model is to create the context
diagram. The context diagram limits the scope of our modelling effort. It is a model of
the function at the highest level (Figure 2).
Quality Definition
I
Airlines' Operations Definition
1of Quality
The Need fo
Survey Research
Model
IDEF
Diagram
Figure 2. A Context
of
204
In this modelling example we will use a simple example with which is used in this
The
is
have
that
scenario
you
a group of airlines that needs to have a
research.
be
in
to
model
of
quality
management
practised their organisation; you need
common
to have the quality management literatures reviewed; you will have respondentsto be
interviewed; and you will have quality management concept to be referred. We will
build this model from the point of view of the researcher. The model would be
different if we took another point of view, such as that of the airliner.
The next step in IDEF Modelling is to do a functional decomposition of the context
diagram. In IDEF we use the node tree to show that decomposition. This is just like a
by
breakdown
structure used
project managers.
work
In the node tree, (Figure 3) we have decomposed the activity (AO) into sub-activities
(Al, A2, and A3). Each of these sub-activities could be further decomposedas needed
for analysis. When we decompose an activity, we will break it down into three to six
in
level
identified
by
indicates
Activities
the
that
their
a number
are
sub-activities.
for
basis
be
The
the
the
to
the
tree
parent
activity.
node
will
model and relationship
decomposition
diagrams.
is
that
constructing
next step of modelling -
AO
Al
A2
A3
Figure 3. A Node Tree Diagram
diagram
our
decomposition
of
build
Once we have constructed the node tree, we can
a
descending,
in
step
boxes
stair
four
a
4).
First
(Figure
ICOMs
arrange
we
model using
205
fashion. This arrangement facilitates drawing lines on the diagram. Once

have
the
we
boxes, we add the ICOMs (Input, Control, Output, and Mechanisms) for
each activity.
Quality Management practices Definitions C1
I
Airlines' Operations
Function Definition
C2
Questionnaires Plan C3
The Need..
Ti
Develop the
CSF of QM
Semi-structure In
Plan
The CSC'of...
practices and
identify the
U.. Variables
of
Organisational
Context
Al
e Varia$les of...
Investigate the
QM practices in
the Airlines
Desk Research M1
A2
Survey Research M2
The
[he
in
Airlines'...
of...
I
Variables
e
of .. for the Airlines
Generate a
Model of QM
01
practices
A Model of...
A3
Figure 4. Decomposition Diagram (adopted from Figure 1.2 in Chapter 1)
The ICOMs from the context diagram are reflected on the decomposition diagram. In
the quest for more detail, some ICOMs may be split at the lower levels. As we
decompose our models further, we use the same process to build decomposition
diagrams at each level.
206
Building IDEF models is an iterative process. We will continue refining the model
level
detail
has
it
This
that
the
IDEFO
function
of
need.
we
example
of
until
and
information modelling has most of the features of the typical models used to support
businessprocess reengineering. The key points addressedby this example are:
"
The analysis must reflect a specific viewpoint.
"
The ICOM is the working element of the IDEF diagram.
"
IDEFO diagramming follows a structured approach form the AO level through

decomposition to the lowest level needed for the analysis.
"
Modelling is an iterative process. The first time through need not be perfect.
Subsequent iterations of the analysis will continue to improve the model at all
levels.
207

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Introduction to IDEF 0- Appendix A

IDEF or Integrated Definition language is the modelling technique used to model

The IDEF 0 is used to model the activities to accomplish a processand produce a

IDEF 2 is a simulation model design method, and it is used to represent time

Introduction to IDEF 0- Appendix A

IDEF 4 was developed to support the object-oriented design method.

IDEF 5 through IDEF 14 still in the process of development'.

Figure 1. A Generic IDEF Model

Hanrahan,R. P. The IDEF ProcessModeling

Introduction to IDEF 0- Appendix A

Introduction to IDEF 0- Appendix A

Figure 3. A Node Tree Diagram

Introduction to IDEF 0- Appendix A

fashion. This arrangement facilitates drawing lines on the diagram. Once

Figure 4. Decomposition Diagram (adopted from Figure 1.2 in Chapter 1)

Introduction to IDEF 0- Appendix A

The analysis must reflect a specific viewpoint.

The ICOM is the working element of the IDEF diagram.

IDEFO diagramming follows a structured approach form the AO level through

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