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    Circuit Theory Circuit Theory: Revision Revision

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Naeem
    This document provides an overview of key circuit theory concepts including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, series and parallel resistors, and voltage and current division. Ohm's Law states that voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to current through the resistor. Kirchhoff's Laws describe the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits. Series resistors add together to find an equivalent resistance, and the total voltage is shared between them. Parallel resistors reduce the overall resistance, and the total current divides between them inversely with their resistances. Examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these fundamental circuit analysis principles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Circuit Theory Circuit Theory: Revision Revision

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Naeem
    13 views11 pages
    This document provides an overview of key circuit theory concepts including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, series and parallel resistors, and voltage and current division. Ohm's Law states that voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to current through the resistor. Kirchhoff's Laws describe the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits. Series resistors add together to find an equivalent resistance, and the total voltage is shared between them. Parallel resistors reduce the overall resistance, and the total current divides between them inversely with their resistances. Examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these fundamental circuit analysis principles.

    Original Description:

    Elec Revision

    Original Title

    Elec Revision

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    This document provides an overview of key circuit theory concepts including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, series and parallel resistors, and voltage and current division. Ohm's Law states that voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to current through the resistor. Kirchhoff's Laws describe the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits. Series resistors add together to find an equivalent resistance, and the total voltage is shared between them. Parallel resistors reduce the overall resistance, and the total current divides between them inversely with their resistances. Examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these fundamental circuit analysis principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views11 pages

    Circuit Theory Circuit Theory: Revision Revision

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Naeem
    This document provides an overview of key circuit theory concepts including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, series and parallel resistors, and voltage and current division. Ohm's Law states that voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to current through the resistor. Kirchhoff's Laws describe the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits. Series resistors add together to find an equivalent resistance, and the total voltage is shared between them. Parallel resistors reduce the overall resistance, and the total current divides between them inversely with their resistances. Examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these fundamental circuit analysis principles.

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    Circuit Theory

    Revision

    Ohms Law (1
    (1)
    Ohms law states that the voltage across
    a resistor is directly proportional to the
    current I flowing through the resistor.
    Mathematical expression for Ohms Law
    is as follows:

    v = iR
    Two extreme possible values of R:
    0 (zero) and (infinite) are related
    with two basic circuit concepts: short
    circuit and open circuit.
    2

    Ohms Law (2
    (2)
    Conductance is the ability of an element to
    conduct electric current; it is the reciprocal
    of resistance R and is measured in mhos or
    siemens.
    1 i

    G=

    The power dissipated by a resistor:


    2
    v
    p = vi = i 2 R =
    R

    Kirchhoffs Laws (1
    (1)
    Kirchhoffs current law (KCL) states that the
    algebraic sum of currents entering a node
    (or a closed boundary) is zero.

    Mathematically,

    i
    n =1

    =0
    4

    Kirchhoffs Laws (2
    (2)
    Example 4

    Determine the current I for the circuit shown in


    the figure below.
    I + 4-(-3)-2 = 0
    I = -5A

    We can consider the whole


    enclosed area as one node.

    This indicates that


    the actual current
    for I is flowing
    in the opposite
    direction.
    5

    Kirchhoffs Laws (3
    (3)
    Kirchhoffs voltage law (KVL) states that the
    algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed
    path (or loop) is zero.

    Mathematically,

    v
    m =1

    =0
    6

    Kirchhoffs Laws (4
    (4)
    Example

    Applying the KVL equation for the circuit of the


    figure below.
    va-v1-vb-v2-v3 = 0
    V1 = IR1 v2 = IR2 v3 = IR3
    va-vb = I(R1 + R2 + R3)

    va vb
    I=
    R1 + R2 + R3
    7

    Series Resistors and Voltage Division


    (1)
    Series: Two or more elements are in series if they
    are cascaded or connected sequentially
    and consequently carry the same current.
    The equivalent resistance of any number of
    resistors connected in a series is the sum of the
    individual resistances.
    N

    Req = R1 + R2 + + R N = Rn
    n =1

    The voltage divider can be expressed as


    Rn
    vn =
    v
    R1 + R2 + + R N

    Series Resistors and Voltage Division


    (1)
    Example

    10V and 5

    are in series
    9

    Parallel Resistors and Current Division


    (1)
    Parallel: Two or more elements are in parallel if
    they are connected to the same two nodes and
    consequently have the same voltage across them.
    The equivalent resistance of a circuit with
    N resistors in parallel is:
    1
    1
    1
    1
    =
    +
    + +
    Req R1 R2
    RN

    The total current i is shared by the resistors in


    inverse proportion to their resistances. The
    current divider can be expressed as:
    v iReq
    in =
    =
    Rn Rn

    10

    Parallel Resistors and Current Division


    (1)
    Example

    2
    , 3
    and 2A
    are in parallel
    11

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