DISPLACEMENT FIELD TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Relativistic Propulsion
Simplified Description and Implementation
Richard Banduric
12/28/2014
Revision 1.01

The following document is a SIMPLIFIED general description of the propulsion devices that are being
developed by Displacement Field Technologies Inc.

Relativistic Propulsion

Copyright
Copyright 2012, 2013, 2014 2015 by Richard Banduric at Aurora, Colorado USA
All rights reserved.
The information disclosed herein is proprietary information and is owned by
Richard Banduric and is PATENT PENDING.

New Electrodynamics
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Relativistic Propulsion
Contents
Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Background ................................................................................................................................................... 5
New Electrodynamics Derivation .................................................................................................................. 7
Geometric Amplification ............................................................................................................................... 8
Implementing Geometric Amplification ..................................................................................................... 10
Creating Thrust ........................................................................................................................................... 16
The Future ................................................................................................................................................... 23

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Preface
This document provides a MUCH SIMPLIER general description of the implementation of the next
generation of propulsion devices based on the interaction of relativistic electric fields and static electric
fields.
This document was created with the general assumption that a backyard tinkerer or garage inventor
is going to be much more successful at implementing this technology than a PhD in science (physics) or
engineering (electrical engineering) that is comfortable with the methods and concepts that are used
today. As such, the information contained in this document will be geared towards the backyard
inventor and garage tinker.

IN THIS DOCUMENT WE ARE GOING TO GIVE YOU THE DETAILS NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY.

If you need a more in depth description oriented to the scientist or technical professional the
document New Electrodynamics is the one to read to make your brain hurt...

1900
"I can state flatly that heavier than air flying machines are impossible."
Source: Lord Kelvin.

2010
"We can state flatly that field propulsion is impossible."
Source: Science community.

All the information in this document is contained in patents filed with the US patent office. The
information that is presented in this document is just only the summary of the material that was
contained in these patents.
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Background
Here is quick summary of the history of how the mathematics for electromagnetics was
created and where the world stands today. We are not going to go into the mathematics
except to describe what they mean.
The premise that electromagnetics and electrical engineering has been based on is on a set of equations
that were originally empirically derived from the effects of conductors. The equations were unified by
James Maxwell with the set of root equations shown below:

A
Volt/meter
t
B A
Tesla
E

(1)
(2)

These equations were the key to unifying the magnetic field and electric field and proving that light was
electromagnetic radiation. But there was this extra equation that no one could figure what it was saying.

1
A Tesla
c2 t

(3)

So this equation 3 got rationalized away in a mathematical construct (a lot of hand waving and smoke
and mirrors) of gauge fixing (or by choosing a gauge) by Oliver Heaviside and Lorentz. This operation
ended up creating the Coulomb gauge and Lorentz gauge. Oliver Heaviside and Lorentz were able to
make this equation disappear under the assumption that it wasnt a factor in conduction currents.
NOT that the physical effects from equation 3 were really 0.
So we end up with two root equations that describe most of the effects that we observe from
conductors. Equation 2 described a magnetic field and equation 1 the electric field. No one thought that
there might something wrong with this picture.
Then a guy named Albert Einstein came along and he was able to show that the magnetic force, that was
attributed to a magnetic field, was really an artifact of the interaction of the changes of the electric field
of the moving electrons interacting with the properties of a conductor that produced this magnetic
force. Not there was a REAL magnetic field. Just a relativistic change in the moving electrons electric
field being modified by the conductor creating a force between the conductors. But this new view of
how the magnetic force is created wasnt important to electrical engineers, since they only worked with
conductors and the tools that they were use to using were still going to work.
Plus this new view of relativistic source of the magnetic force would required a new mathematical
framework to be taught to electrical engineers that would encompass all the effects that one would see
from electrical conductors and moving charged objects. No one though it was really nessary to teach it
to electrical engineers.
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Relativistic Propulsion
But this little tick of little hand waving and smoke done by Oliver Heaviside and Lorentz to make
equation 3 to go away wasnt going to work if you were a physicist and needed to know how things
worked under the hood of conductors. But they didnt get it. They took the gauge fixing that was being
done by electric engineers and declared that it was a physical reality and ran with it without really
understanding the implications of it. They were able to do this without any experimental evidence that it
really is 0. Even 100 years later they still havent gotten down wind that there is something wrong.
Today that has given us everything from Rockets to the Large Hardon Collider.

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New Electrodynamics Derivation

To arrive at the correct mathematical framework for charge objects we came up with the correct
derivation for moving charged objects using James Maxwells derivation.

Quaternion Electrodynamic Potential for a moving charged object

i i

V
Volts
c

i
V
i )( i i
) Volts/Meter
c t
c

V
V
V
(
) i [ i (
)] Volts/Meter
t c
c
c
t c2
(

Electric Field Equation

V
V
Volts/Meter
2
t c
c
Scalar Electric Potential Equation
E

V
Volts/Seconds
t c
c

(7)

(8)

So what are these equations saying?

1. When a moving charged object is viewed perpendicular to its motion its electric field will
increase. This is seen as the magnetic field when this change is viewed from the outside of a
conductor with an electric current.
2. When a moving charged object is viewed with the charged object approaching you will
observe an increase in the electric field from the charged object.
3. When a moving charged object is viewed with the charged object receding from you will
observe a decrease in the electric field from the charged object.
4. If a charged object is accelerated perpendicular to its motion you will see a point in space that
the electric field detaches from the moving object. An electric field that decouples from the
moving object.

Using these 4 different effects one can easily create a system of charged objects in relative motion that
will generate usable thrust that can one day soon take man into space.
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Geometric Amplification
The second trick that is used to create a usable field propulsion device is to use the characteristics of the
charged object to amplify the changes in the electric field from the motion of the moving charged
object.
The electric field changes that are going to be seen from a moving charged sheet are going to be
different than its static electric field. The static electric field that is seen from the flat conducting sheet is
shown below:

Charged conducting sheet

The relativistic electric field from the moving charged sheet is going to be similar to the static electric
field from a charged non-conducting sheet. When we observe the sheet perpendicular to its motion we
observe an electric field that is greatest at the center of the sheet.

The relativistic electric field from a moving charged sheet

This is the consequence of the non-perpendicular components of the relativistic electric field charges
reinforcing the electric fields of the charges near the center of the sheet. In the electrical engineering
world this is known as the integration of the potential across the sheet or a line integral of the potential
over a line. But conceptually its just the potential reinforcing its self over the area of a charged nonconducting charged sheet.

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Non-Perpendicular Electric Field lines

Perpendicular Electric Field lines

Electric Charges

Resulting re-enforced electric field Lines of the vertical component from the non-perpendicular electric
field lines.
This geometric amplification is not observed from curve surfaces or rough surfaces. If you have a moving
smooth flat surface moving close to a charged moving curved or rough surface the rough surface will see
a total electric field that is different than the smooth surface sees. This will result in the smooth surface
seeing a force that is different than the rough surface sees.

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Implementing Geometric Amplification

This particular type of geometric amplification has been reported by lots of people. When it does and it
cant be explained by the current mathematical framework it gets filed under Yea, Another Whacko!
Below is a case study that cant be explained by the current electromagnetic theory that is a direct result
of our new equations.
7.7 CASE STUDY - LARGE PLASTIC WEB ELECTROSTATIC PROBLEMS, RESULTS AND
CURE, D. Swenson, 3M Company
Tremendous static charge generation on a plastic web causes unique
physical phenomena and special problems. Solution was simple and cost
effective.

A summary of this case study is at http://amasci.com/weird/unusual/e-wall.html

This type of geometric amplification is diagrammed below:

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This type of amplification was seen as the appearance of a new electric field EInward
inside the tunnel of

moving uniformly charged plastic sheet. This new electric field was the result of the increase in the
electric field from the sheets motion at the center of the moving charged sheets from their relative
motion. This resulted in a negative electric field component that is seen pointing into the tunnel that will
create an outward force to any negatively charged object that tries to enter the tunnel. This force would
then appear to be an electrostatic Wall near the center of the moving sheet.
This type of geometric amplification is seen on insulating charged surfaces like charged plastic sheets.
This causes the companies that transfer plastic sheets from one roll to another to ground the rollers that
they use to move the sheets from roller to roller. The same techniques that companies use to fix this
problem are the ones that you DONT want to do to observe the effects of geometric amplification.

The gotchas of geometric amplification

1. Conductors! A conductor has the definition of a material the has an electric field of
near 0. That is even if the conductor crosses inertial frames of references or
when the conductor segments are moving at different velocities. A conductor will
Short out a relativistic change in an electric field if a moving charged element
has some of the conductor moving at a different speed.
a. The conductors in moving charged elements cannot have direct
connections to other conductors moving at different speeds.
b. Moving charged elements that have to be charged from a power supply
that is stationary have to have an electronic tube diode to separate it from
the supply. A semiconductor will not work. The tube should be in the
moving charged object or physically close to it as possible.
2. Electrical isolation! The charge elements cannot leak charge off them. If they do,
the charged elements will leak of their charge to their static values when they are
in motion.
3. Earth Ground! DO NOT HAVE ANY CONNECTIONS TO GROUND. The earth is a
conductive sphere with an infinite supply and electrons. These electrons will move
thru the earth to try to neutralize any change in the electric field that might
develop thru the motion of a charge object. This phenomenon is known as the
neutralization of the charge space.
4. When you can, use charge insulators as moving elements and NOT charge
conductors. This one is tough to do. But not impossible.
5. Use an ELECTROSTATIC High Voltage Power supply! Van de Graaff, Wimshurst,
etc. Modern High Voltage Power supplies are discouraged. Batteries with isolated
boost H.V. power supply will work if they do not have any connections to ground.

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Get this, someone 23 years ago did follow the rules here and they did create working device! But
because they didnt understand what was going on under the hood of conductors they never developed
it.
If two electrically isolated charged disks with different surface characteristics [they can be different
surface types or shapes or sizes] will see different total electric fields from each other when rotated
against each other. If these two disks are rotating against each other and are mechanically connected in
an assembly, the two different relativistic electric fields that the static electric fields see on the two
rotating disks will create a total force on the assembly that is not completely offset by the opposing
forces seen on the other rotating disk. This effect was documented in the European Patent 0486243A2
"Machine for Acceleration in a Gravitational Field." Filed Nov. 11, 1991, granted May 20, 1992 as a result of
acceleration charges in a gravity well. The effect was real but the reason was incorrect. The effect was

caused by the interaction of two different relativistic electric fields against the others static electric field.
Not the result of accelerating charges in a gravity well. In this case the difference in the sizes of the
cylindrical electrodes was the source of the different relativistic electric fields that produced the forces
reported.
The strange method that is used in this patent to charge the cylindrical electrodes is a good example of
someone attempting to follow our Gotha Rules empirically and actually creating a working device.

This guy totally blew it. But you dont have to.
He was able to see thrust with 2 rotating cups. Rotating charged disks work just as well. The diagram of a
working static displacement field drive using disks instead of cups is diagramed below using a charged
smooth conductive disk as the rotating disk.

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When an electrically isolated charged smooth conductive disk is rotated we get the following geometric
amplification from it.

Static Electric Field from a Smooth negatively charged conducting Disk.

Edge View of rotating Charged Disk

Shaft

Relativistic Electric field from a Rotating Smooth charged Disk.

V Distance to Center RPM 2

Figure 11
1

Edge View of Rotating Charged Disk

Geometric amplification of the relativistic electric field from the rotation of charges on the disk is
greatest near the edge of the rotating disk. The peak amplitude is not at the edge of the disk but is near
the edge of the disk. The static electric field and the relativistic electric field components will add to
each other to give a composite complex electric field that is dependent on the rotation speed of the
disk. On the next page is an output display of one of our test systems that is measuring the electrical
field over an electrically isolated charged smooth conducting rotating disk.

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Figure 12

The left chart is the plot of the electric field intensity read as a negative potential (increasing electric
field is down) above a charged rotating disk. The horizontal axis is the rotation speed of the rotating
charges on the disk that is seen near the edge of a 9 inch rotating disk. The black plot is the increase in
the electric field seen above the disk for different speeds as seen from the stationary frame of
reference. The electric field sensor for the black plot is positioned directly above the surface of the disk.
The red plot is the electric field from the same type of sensor rotated 45 degrees to the face of the disk.
The black legend is on the left and the red plot's legend is on the right.
The right plot is the plot of the increase in the electric field component of this coating when it is
observed perpendicular to the face of the disk. At 30 m/s this component is - 50 volts. This increase in
the electric field (The potential on the disk is 2730 Volts) is the result of the geometric amplification.
If we rotate this disk against a rough disk that doesnt have geometric amplification, the rough disk will
see an electric field that is different than the electric field that is observed by our smooth disk. This will
result in a difference in the forces observed by the disks.
THIS WILL BE OBSERVED AS AN AXIAL THRUST THAT WE CAN USE FOR PROPULSION!
The rough disk instead will present approaching and receding charges on its roughness to the rotating
smooth disk that be is seen as a rotation resistance at the motor. Or a reaction force that is
perpendicular to the axial force. This is actually how a propeller generates an axial force from air where
an axial force is generated from a rotation resistance of the propeller sees from its motion in air.
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In practice that amplitude of this force is still very small. The trick to get large forces is to increase that
surface area of the rough disk. You do that through special coatings.

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Creating Thrust
Below is an example of an assembly of a rotating disk against a fixed disk that has these two different
types of coatings applied to them. These two different types of disks with two different types of surfaces
will produce very different complex electric fields. If these two different types of coatings are applied to
the faces of a non-conducting disks and they are charged and rotated against each other in the assembly
shown below an axial force is seen with the reaction force that is seen as a drag force.

The things to pay attention to in this device:

1. The tube diode (5642). You could use 2 tubes but one will work. Make sure that the
conductor from the plate to the disk is as short as possible. Make sure that the rotating disk
and short conductor have 0 leakage current. Dont use a semiconductor diode.
2. The smooth conducting disk has to be mirror smooth. The charge on the disk is moving
faster on the outer portions of the disk than at the center. So a conductive ring is better

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than the entire face being conductive. The conductive ring having a surface resistance
greater than 1K/square helps to keep the charge from moving in response to its motion.
3. The fixed disk needs to have the highest surface area and capacitance possible. The reason
that this devices performance is dependence more on this coating and not on the rotating
disk.
4. The power supply cannot have any connections to ground. Plus it should be an electrostatic
supply. A battery with a high voltage boast circuit can work.
The coatings used in these tests were made by Displacement Field Technologies Inc. and are examples
of simple coatings with dielectric constants close to 1. The coatings that are used in our disks today, that
we are offering you, are 3 generations later than the examples shown in this document.

Smooth Conductive Disk Insert

Picture of the smooth conductive coating disk insert used in the example.
This is a 1st generation coating.

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Black Conductive Disk

Picture of the black coating that generates a large dot product component of the complex electric
field.
This is a 1st generation coating.

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The above picture is an example of a state of the art Nano-composite coating material that has a high
cross product with a high dielectric constant that is going into our latest devices.
This is a 4th generation coating.

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The above picture is the automated test system head that was used to characterize these examples.

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This test fixture is about to be loaded with a dot product disk that generates a radial field when its
rotated. The bottom disk is designed to take advantage of the radial electric field that forms from this
kind of disk to generate a thrust from. This test fixture is used to test disks from the 9 inch electric field
tester to characterize the axial and drag forces from different combinations of disk coatings.

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This test fixture is rotating a copper cross product disk against a charged sealed dot product composite
fixed disk to determine their thrust and drag performance parameters.

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The Future

The interaction of static electric fields and relativistic Electric fields to create thrust are just the
beginning of this new technology. The examples and the screen shots are of real results from real
coatings that are being produced TODAY and not some theoretical prediction. Displacement Field
Technologies Inc. are looking for partners to advance this technology and create the infinite number of
different types of devices that can be made from propulsion devices to devices that will nullify the
centrifugal forces on rotating devices.
The prototype that is soon the be marketed is just a demo device that is going to be a precursor to
devices with greater lifting forces and lower power consumption figures. The ultimate goal is to produce
propulsion devices that can lift a 1000 Kg [10 Kilo Newton] at a power consumption of 1 Kilowatt or less.
These devices are going to be able to be used at sea level or in the vacuum of space. These devices will
have no need for propellant and would be powered from any electric power source from batteries to
solar cells.
Richard Banduric
Aurora, Colorado USA
www.electricspacecraft.org
Email: banduric@displacementfieldtechnology.com
Email: rbanduric@electricspacecraft.org
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Small 3 inch Static Displacement Drive Prototype

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Static Displacement Field Drive Prototype to be used for future a 3rd party NASA thrust test.

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Top view of the Static Displacement Field Drive Prototype showing the cross product disk with ultra-low
leakage diodes.

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Bottom view of the Static Displacement Field Drive Prototype showing the HV board assembly with
electronic tube diodes.

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Symbol Definitions:
mN

milliNewton

nC

Nano Coulomb

Kg

Kilogram

m/s

Meter/Seconds

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