Exam #5 Sequences and Series: College of The Redwoods Mathematics Department Math 30-College Algebra

College of the Redwoods
Mathematics Department
Math 30College Algebra
Exam #5
Sequences and Series
David Arnold
Don Hickethier
c 2000 Don-Hickethier@Eureka.redwoods.cc.ca.us
Copyright
Last Revision Date: April 29, 2004
Version 1.00
Multiple Choice Questions

Directions: In each of the following exercises, select the best answer and darken the corresponding oval on your scantron sheet.
1. Find the nth term of the sequence
1, 4, 9, 16, . . . .
(a) an = 32
(b) an = 2n
(d) an = (1)n (n)2
(e) an = n2
(c) an = (2)n
2. Find the 5th term of the sequence

an = 2(n 1)2 3.
(a) 3
3. Find the
(b) 47
5th
(c) 29
(d) 5
(e) 53
(d) 5
(e) 2
(d) 102
(e) 19
term of the recursive sequence

ak+1 = 2ak 1
where a1 = 2.
(a) 17
4. Find the
(b) 10
8th
(c) 9
term of the recursive sequence

ak+1 = ak + ak1
where a1 = 2 and a2 = 3.
(a) 34
(b) 55
(c) 99
5. Compute the sum

3
X
1
.
k
k=1
1
11
3
(b)
(c)
3
6
5
6. Find the nth term of the arithmetic sequence
(a)
(d)
1
2
(e) 6
8, 5, 2, 1, 4, . . . .
(a) an = 8 + 3(n 1)
(b) an = 8(3)n1
(c) an = 8 3n
8n
(d) an =
(e) an = 3 8(n 1)
7. Find the two-hundredth term, a200 , of the sequence
2, 5, 8, 11, . . . .
(a) 399
(b) 499
(c) 599
(d) 603
(e) 583
8. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is a1 = 3 and the eleventh term is a11 = 23. Find the
nth term, an , of the sequence.
(a) an = 3 + 23(n 1)
(b) an = 23 + 10(n 1)
(c) an = 3 + 2(n 1)
(d) an = 3 + 10(n 1)
9. Calculate the sum
(e) an = 23 + 2(n 1)
200
X
2k + 5.
k=1
(a) 18,500
(b) 22,700
(c) 29,200
(d) 38,500
(e) 41,200
10. Calculate the sum of the arithmetic series

3 + 7 + 11 + + 123.
(a) 141
(b) 1953
(c) 3906
(d) 7560
(e) 13530
11. Find the common ratio of the geometric sequence

4, 2, 1, . . .
(a) 2
12. The nth
1
(c) 4
4
term of the geometric sequence
(b)
(d)
(e)
1
2
3, 6, 12, 24, . . .
is
(a) an = 3(2)n1
(b) an = 2(3)n
(c) an = 2(3)n1
(d) an = 3(2)n
(e) an = 3(2)n1
13. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the geometric sequence
1, 2, 4, 8, . . .
(a) 255
(b) 16
(c) 256
(d) 128
(e) 128
14. Compute the sum

1 + a + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 .
1 a6
1 a6
(b)
a
1a
5
1a
1
(d)
(e)
1a
1a
15. Find the sum of the infinite series
k
X
2
5
.
3
(a)
(c)
1 + a5
1+a
k=0
(a) 0
(b)
10
3
(c) 5
(d) 15
(e)
16. Find the sum of the infinite series

1 + x + x2 + x3 +
given 1 < x < 1.
1 xn
x
(a)
(b)
1x
1x
17. Compute n C3 .
n!
(a)
6
n(n 1)(n 2)
(d)
6
18. Solve for n.
(a) 19
(b) 18
(c)
(b)
1
1x
(d)
1
x1
n
3
(e)
1
1 x2
(c) n(n 1)(n 2)
(e) n(n 3)

n+1
n
=5
4
3
(c) 17
(d) 20
(e) 16
19. Calculate the next row of Pascals Triangle.
(a) 1 1 1 1 1
1
3
1
2
1
3
(b) 1 3 6 3 1
(c) 1 4 6 4 1
(d) 1 2 3 4 5
(e) 1 4 4 4 1
20. Use the binomial theorem to expand
(2x y)4 .
(a) 16x4 y 4
(b) 16x4 32x3 y + 24x2 y 2 8xy 3 + y 4
(c) 16x4 8xy + y 4
(d) x4 4x3 y + 6x2 y 2 4xy 3 + y 4
(e) 16x4 8x3 y + 12x2 y 2 8xy 3 + y 4

21. Find the 11th term of
(3x + y)11 .
(a) y 11
(b) 44x2 y 9
22. One of the solutions of
(c) 156xy 10
(d) 33xy 10
(e) 24x2 y 9
4
X
4
(x)4k (2)k = 1
k
k=0
is
(a) 0
(b) 1
23. Simplify
(a) 25
(c) 2
(d) 4
(e) 2

5
5
5
5
+
+
+ +
.
0
1
2
5
(b) 27
(c) 29
(d) 30
(e) 32
Solutions to Multiple Choice Questions

Solution to Question 1: The all of the terms of the sequence are perfect squares and the terms
alternate sign. So the nth term of the sequence is an = (1)n (n)2 .
Solution to Question 2: To find the 5th term of the sequence replace n with 5 in the sequence
an = 2(n 1)2 3.
a5 = 2(5 1)2 3 = 2(4)2 3 = 32 3 = 29
Solution to Question 3: The sequence is defined recursively by ak+1 = 2ak 1.

a1 = 2
a2 = 2a1 1 = 2(2) 1 = 3
a3 = 2a2 1 = 2(3) 1 = 5
a4 = 2a3 1 = 2(5) 1 = 9
a5 = 2a4 1 = 2(9) 1 = 17
Solution to Question 4: The sequence is defined recursively by ak+1 = ak + ak1 with the first
two terms given. Thus
a1 = 2
a2 = 3
a3 = a2 + a1 = 2 + 3 = 5
a4 = a3 + a2 = 3 + 5 = 8
a5 = a4 + a3 = 5 + 8 = 13
a6 = a5 + a4 = 8 + 13 = 21
a7 = a6 + a5 = 13 + 21 = 34
a8 = a7 + a6 = 21 + 34 = 55
Solution to Question 5:
3
X
1
1 1 1
6+3+2
11
= + + =
=
k
1 2 3
6
6
k=1
Solution to Question 6: The first term of the arithmetic series is a1 = 8 and the common
difference is d = 3. Using the fact that for an arithmetic series the nth term is an = a1 + (n 1)d,
an = 8 + 3(n 1)
Solution to Question 7: The sequence is arithmetic with first term a1 = 23 and common
difference d = 3. Then
an = 2 + (n 1)3
an = 2 + 3n 3
an = 3n 1
a200 = 3(200) 1
a200 = 599
Solution to Question 8: Use the fact that for an arithmetic series the
to solve for d with a1 = 3 and a11 = 23.
nth
term is an = a1 +(n1)d
23 = 3 + (11 1)d
20 = 10d
2 = d
Therefore,
an = 3 + 2(n 1).
Solution to Question 9: Write the series to notice the sum is an arithmetic series.
200
X
2k + 5 = 7 + 9 + 11 + + 405
k=1
Indeed the sum is arithmetic with first term a1 = 7 and last term a200 = 405. Now use the
n
arithmetic series formula Sn = a1 + an .
2
200
X
2k + 5 =
k=1
200
(7 + 405) = 100(412) = 412, 000
2
Solution to Question 10: The problem gives the first and last terms of the arithmetic series. To
n
use the arithmetic series formula, Sn = (a1 + an ), the number of terms needs to be determined.
2
The first term is a1 = 3 and the common difference is d = 4, so an = 3 + 4(n 1). Thus
123 = 3 + 4(n 1)
120 = 4(n 1)
30 = n 1
31 = n
Now it is possible to compute the sum.
S31 =
31
31
(3 + 123) = (126) = 31(63) = 1953
2
2

Solution to Question 11: The common ratio is
r=
ak+1
2
1
1
= = =
ak
4
2
2
Solution to Question 12: Use the nth term formula an = a1 rn1 with a first term a1 = 3 and
6
common ratio r =
= 2 to get
3
an = 3(2)n1 .
rn )
a1 (1
where a1
1r
is the first term and r is the common ratio. The first term is a1 = 1 and the common ratio is
2
4
r = = = 2. The sum of the first 8 terms is
1
2
Solution to Question 13: The finite sum for a geometric series is Sn =
S8 =
1(1 28 )
1 256
=
= 255
12
1
rn )
a1 (1
Solution to Question 14: The finite sum for a geometric series is Sn =
1r
a
first term is a1 = 1 and the common ratio is r = = a. The sum of the 6 terms is
1
S6 =
where the
1(1 a6 )
1a
a1
Solution to Question 15: The infinite sum for a geometric series is S =
where a1 is the
1r
first term and r is the common ratio such that |r| < 1. The first term is a1 = 5 and the common
2
ratio is r = . Since the common ratio is less than 1 the infinite sum is
3
S =
5
5
=
= 15
1 2/3
1/3
a1
where a1 is the
Solution to Question 16: The infinite sum for a geometric series is S =
1r
first term and r is the common ratio such that |r| < 1. The first term is a1 = 1 and the common
x
ratio is r = = x. Since 1 < x < 1 the infinite sum is
1
S =
1
1x
Solution to Question 17: The number of combinations of n objects taken k at a time is

n Ck
So,
n C3
n!
.
(n k)!k!
n!
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)!
n(n 1)(n 2)
=
=
(n 3)!3!
3!(n 3)!
6
Solution to Question 18:
n+1
4
(n + 1)!
4!(n + 1 4)!
(n + 1)n!
24(n 3)!
n+1
24
n+1
=
=
=
=
=

n
5
3
5n!
3!(n 3)!
5n!
6(n 3)!
5
6
20
n = 19
Solution to Question 19: The next row of Pascals Triangle is

14641
Solution to Question 20: The binomial expansion for (a + b)4 is

(a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3 b + 6a2 b2 + 4ab3 + b4 .
To evaluate (2x y)4 let a = 2x and b = y in the equation above.
(2x y)4 = (2x)4 + 4(2x)3 (y) + 6(2x)2 (y)2 + 4(2x)(y)3 + (y)4
= 16x4 32x3 y + 24x2 y 2 8xy 3 + y 4
Solution to Question 21: The (k + 1)st term in the binomial expansion of (a + b)n is nk ank bk .
So the 11th term of the binomial expansion of (3x + y)11 is

11
(3x)1 (y)10 = 11(3x)y 10 = 33xy 10
10

P
Solution to Question 22: To solve 4k=0 k4 (x)4k (2)k = 1 notice the left hand side of the
equation is the fourth degree binomial expansion for (x 2). That is
4
X
4
(x)4k (2)k
k
(x 2)4
(x 2)
k=0
x =1
Solution to
23: The sum resembles the sigma notation for the binomial expansion,
n nk
PnQuestion
n
(a + b) = k=0 k (a)
(b)k with n = 5. If a = 1 and b = 1, then

5
X
5
5
5
5
5
+
+
+ +
=
(1)nk (1)k
0
1
2
5
k
k=0
= (1 + 1)5
= 32

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Multiple Choice Questions

(d) an = (1)n (n)2

2. Find the 5th term of the sequence

term of the recursive sequence

term of the recursive sequence

5. Compute the sum

10. Calculate the sum of the arithmetic series

11. Find the common ratio of the geometric sequence

14. Compute the sum

16. Find the sum of the infinite series

(c) n(n 1)(n 2)

19. Calculate the next row of Pascals Triangle.

(b) 16x4 32x3 y + 24x2 y 2 8xy 3 + y 4

(c) 16x4 8xy + y 4

(d) x4 4x3 y + 6x2 y 2 4xy 3 + y 4

(e) 16x4 8x3 y + 12x2 y 2 8xy 3 + y 4

22. One of the solutions of

Solutions to Multiple Choice Questions

Solution to Question 3: The sequence is defined recursively by ak+1 = 2ak 1.

Solution to Question 17: The number of combinations of n objects taken k at a time is

Solution to Question 18:

Solution to Question 19: The next row of Pascals Triangle is

Solution to Question 20: The binomial expansion for (a + b)4 is

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