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M201midterm Ps

1. The invariant factors of the abelian torsion group A are 4×3×5×49, 4×3×7, and 2. 2. The Jordan normal form of the matrix A consists of two Jordan blocks, one of size 1 and one of size 2, both with 1's on the diagonal. 3. For R-modules M, N and homomorphisms f, g such that g∘f=idM, it is shown that N = im(f) ∩ ker(g).

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80 views

M201midterm Ps

1. The invariant factors of the abelian torsion group A are 4×3×5×49, 4×3×7, and 2. 2. The Jordan normal form of the matrix A consists of two Jordan blocks, one of size 1 and one of size 2, both with 1's on the diagonal. 3. For R-modules M, N and homomorphisms f, g such that g∘f=idM, it is shown that N = im(f) ∩ ker(g).

Uploaded by

Ronald
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MATH 201, Algebra II, Midterm (February 5, 1999)

(Winter 1999, R. Boltje)


1.
Let A be a nitely generated abelian torsion group with elementary
divisors 2; 4; 4; 3; 3;5;7;49. What are the invariant factors of A?
2.

Determine the Jordan normal form of the matrix


0 1 0 01
A=@ 1 0 1 A:
1 1 2

3.
Let R be a ring, let M and N be R-modules, and let f 2 HomR (M; N),
g 2 HomR (N; M) such that g  f = idM . Show that N = im(f)  ker(g).
4.
Let R be a ring and let M and N be R-modules. Consider the abelian
group F := HomR (M; N). Does
(rf)(m) := r(f(m));
for r 2 R, f 2 F, m 2 M,
de ne an R-module structure on F? (Give a proof or a counterexample.) If the
answer is \no", try to impose a condition on R such that the answer is \yes".
5.
Let G be a nite abelian group of order n. Show that for each divisor
m of n there exists a subgroup H of G of order m.

Solutions
1.
The invariant factors of A are d3 = 4  3  5  49, d2 = 4  3  7, d1 = 2, since
d1 j d2 j d3 and the prime power factors of d1; d2; d3 are the given numbers.
2.
We transform the matrix 1 A using the elementary row and column
operations:
0  + 1 0 0 1 0 1 1  + 21
@ 1  1 A!@ 1  1 A
0 1 1 1 1 ++212 01  + 11 0 0  + 2 1
! @ 0  + 1  + 1A ! @0  + 1
+1 A
2
01  +01 0  +02 1 001  01  30 2 1
! @0  + 1
 + 1 A ! @0  + 1
+1 A
2
2
0  1  3 2
0  1  3 2
0
1
01 0
1
1 0
0
0
0 A
 + 1 A ! @0  + 1
! @0  + 1
2
0 0
( + 1)2
0 0
 2 1
01 0
1
0
0 A:
! @0  + 1
0 0 ( + 1)2

Therefore, the Jordan normal form of A consists of 2 Jordan blocks, one of size
1, one of size 2, both with 1's on the diagonal:
0 1 0 01
@0 1 0A:
0 1
1
3.
Let n 2 N, then n = f(g(n)) + [n f(g(n))] with f(g(n)) 2 im(f) and
n f(g(n)) 2 ker(g), since g(n) g(f(g(n))) = g(n) g(n) = 0. Moreover,
if n 2 im(f) \ ker(g), then there exists m 2 M with n = f(m). But since
n 2 ker(g), we have m = g(f(m)) = g(n) = 0, and so also n = f(m) = 0.
4.
First note that for f 2 F, r 2 R and m 2 M we have r(f(m)) =
f(rm), since f is R-linear. The de nition in the text does not give an Rmodule structure on F, since rf is in general not again in F. In fact, we need
to show that (rf)(sm) = s((rf)(m)) for all r; s 2 R, f 2 F, and m 2 M. The
left hand side is now given by

(rf)(sm) = f(r(sm)) = f((rs)m) = (rs)(f(m)) ;


and the right hand side is given by
s((rf)(m)) = s(f(rm)) = s(r(f(m))) = (sr)(f(m)) :
If we take M = N = R for a non-commutative ring R and if we take r; s 2 R
with rs 6= sr, then with f = idR and m = 1 the above equation does not hold.
But it does hold, if R is commutative. Finally, we check that (r+s)f = rf +sf,
r(f + g) = rf + fg, and 1f = f for all r; s 2 R and f; g 2 F. Let m 2 M, then
((r + s)f)(m) = f((r + s)m) = f(rm + sm)
= f(rm) + f(sm) = (rf)(m) + (sf)(m) = (rf + sf)(m) ;
(r(f + g))(m) = (f + g)(rm) = f(rm) + g(rm)
= (rf)(m) + (rg)(m) = (rf + rg)(m) ;
(1f)(m) = f(1m) = f(m) :
5.
We proof the assertion by induction on the number of primes divisors
in a decomposition of n=m. If n=m = 1, we can take G = H. Assume next
that n=m is a prime p. We write G 
= Z=p 1 1 Z     Z=p t Z with prime
numbers p1 ; : : : ; pt. Then one of the pi, say p1 is equal to p, and the subgroup
H of G corresponding to pZ=p 1 1Z     Z=p t Z has index p in H, since
(Z=p 1 1 Z)=(pZ=p 1 1Z) 
= Z=pZ. Therefore, jH j = jGj=[G : H] = n=p = m. Now
assume that n=m = p1    pk is a product of k primes with k > 1. By induction
there exists a subgroup U of G of order mpk , and since U is again an abelian
torsion group, we can use the argument for the case k = 1 again and obtain a
subgroup H of U of index pk which then has order m.
t

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