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    Hydraulic Design Manual - Hydrology Study Data Requirements

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    Enoch Arden
    The document outlines the data requirements for hydrology studies, which vary depending on the hydrologic analysis method used. Broad categories of required data include geographic and geometric watershed properties, land use and soil information, drainage feature descriptions, rainfall observations and statistics, and streamflow observations and statistics. Conceptual hydrologic models require more detailed watershed data, while empirical models require streamflow data to establish relationships and limited additional watershed data.

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    Hydraulic Design Manual - Hydrology Study Data Requirements

    Uploaded by

    Enoch Arden
    25 views3 pages
    The document outlines the data requirements for hydrology studies, which vary depending on the hydrologic analysis method used. Broad categories of required data include geographic and geometric watershed properties, land use and soil information, drainage feature descriptions, rainfall observations and statistics, and streamflow observations and statistics. Conceptual hydrologic models require more detailed watershed data, while empirical models require streamflow data to establish relationships and limited additional watershed data.

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    Hydrology Study Data Requirements

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    Hydraulic Design Manual_ Hydrology Study Data Requirements

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    The document outlines the data requirements for hydrology studies, which vary depending on the hydrologic analysis method used. Broad categories of required data include geographic and geometric watershed properties, land use and soil information, drainage feature descriptions, rainfall observations and statistics, and streamflow observations and statistics. Conceptual hydrologic models require more detailed watershed data, while empirical models require streamflow data to establish relationships and limited additional watershed data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views3 pages

    Hydraulic Design Manual - Hydrology Study Data Requirements

    Uploaded by

    Enoch Arden
    The document outlines the data requirements for hydrology studies, which vary depending on the hydrologic analysis method used. Broad categories of required data include geographic and geometric watershed properties, land use and soil information, drainage feature descriptions, rainfall observations and statistics, and streamflow observations and statistics. Conceptual hydrologic models require more detailed watershed data, while empirical models require streamflow data to establish relationships and limited additional watershed data.

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    10/14/2016

    HydraulicDesignManual:HydrologyStudyDataRequirements

    Section5:HydrologyStudyDataRequirements
    Strictlyspeaking,thetermdatareferstomeasurementsorobservations,andtheterminformationrefersto
    resultsofanalysisorsynthesisofdata.Bothdataandinformationareneededforhydrologicstudies,andthe
    termsareusedinterchangeablyhere.Todeterminewhatdataareneeded,thedesignermustdeterminewhich
    hydrologicanalysismethod(s)willbeused.
    Themajortaskofahydrologystudyistocomputedesignflow.Thereareconceptualmethodsandempirical
    methodsforcomputationofdesignflow.

    HydrologyAnalysisMethods
    Conceptualmethodsinthiscategorysimulate,withamathematicalmodel,channelflowandwatershedrunoff
    processes.Movementandstorageofwaterthroughthewatershedaresimulatedatvaryingtimeandspace
    scales,withvaryingdegreesofcomplexity,omitting,including,orcombiningelements,dependingonthe
    modelusedandtherequirementsofthestudy.
    ConceptualmethodsthatTxDOTdesignersmayuseincludetherationalmethod(looselyclassifiedasa
    conceptualmethodhere)andthehydrographmethod.
    Likeconceptualmethods,empiricalmethodsalsouseamathematicalrelationthatpredictsthedesignflow,
    givenpropertiesofthewatershed,channels,rainfall,orstreamflow.However,therelationshipdoesnot
    representexplicitlythephysicalprocesses.Instead,therelationshipsarederivedwithstatisticalanalyses.
    (Someanalystsevenrefertoempiricalmethodsasblackboxmethodsbecausethepresentationoftheprocess
    isnotvisibleandobvious.)
    EmpiricalmethodsthatTxDOTdesignersmayuseincludefloodfrequencyanalysisofstreamflow
    observationsandregressionequations.Withfloodfrequencyanalysis,theempiricalrelationshippredictsthe
    designflowfromstatisticalpropertiesofthehistoricalstreamflowinthewatershed.Withregressionequations,
    thedesignflowispredictedwithanequationthatisdevelopedbycorrelatingflowsobservedwithwatershed,
    channel,andrainfallproperties.

    DataRequirementsVarywithMethodUsed
    Dataandinformationrequiredforhydrologicanalysisvariesfrommethodtomethod.Theconceptualmethods
    requiresomewhatdetailedinformationaboutthewatershedandchannelproperties,whereastheempirical
    methodsrequirestreamflowdatatoestablishtherelationshipsandonlylimiteddataonwatershedandchannel
    propertiestousethederivedrelationship.
    SpecificrequirementsforthedifferentmethodsarecalledoutinlatersectionsofthisChapter,butbroad
    categoriesofdatarequiredincludethefollowing:
    Geographicandgeometricpropertiesofthewatershed.
    Landuse,naturalstorage,vegetativecover,andsoilpropertyinformation.
    Descriptionofthedrainagefeaturesofthewatershed.
    Rainfallobservationsandstatisticsoftheprecipitation.
    Streamflowobservationsandstatisticsofthestreamflow.

    GeographicandGeometricPropertiesoftheWatershed

    AllhydrologicanalysesforTxDOTstudiesrequirecollectionofdataaboutthegeographicandgeometric
    http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/hyd/hydrology_study_data_requirements.htm

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    10/14/2016

    HydraulicDesignManual:HydrologyStudyDataRequirements

    AllhydrologicanalysesforTxDOTstudiesrequirecollectionofdataaboutthegeographicandgeometric
    propertiesofthewatershed.Thesedatainclude,butarenotlimitedto,thefollowing:
    Geographiclocationofthepointatwhichdesignflowmustbecomputed.
    Locationoftheboundariesofthewatershedfromwhichrunoffcontributestoflowatthepointof
    interest.Thisinformationwill,forexample,governselectionofdesignrainfallintensitiesthatwillbe
    usedwiththerationalmethodifthatisselectedfordesignflowcomputation.
    Propertiesofthewatershedwithinthoseboundaries.Thesepropertiesincludearea,slope,shape,and
    topographicinformation.Thisinformationisneeded,forexample,todevelopamodelwithwhichto
    simulateoverlandflow,asshowninFigure49wherebywaterpondedonthesurfacemovesacross
    thewatershedintochannels.

    LandUse,NaturalStorage,VegetativeCover,andSoilPropertyInformation
    Datathatdescribethewatershedpropertiesareneededfortheconceptualmodels,andtoalimitedextent,by
    certainempiricalmodels.
    Aconceptualmodelofwatershedrunoff,withcomponentsasillustratedinFigure49,representsprocessesof
    infiltrationandoverlandflow.Todoso,themodelmustbeconfiguredandcalibratedwithknowledgeofthe
    propertiesofthewatershedthatwillaffectinfiltrationandoverlandflow.Thoseinclude:
    Landuseinthewatershed.Especiallyimportantinthisisgatheringinformationaboutthedistribution
    ofimperviousandperviouscoverinthewatershed.Rainthatfallsonimpervioussurfaces,suchas
    parkinglotsandrooftops,willrunoffasoverlandflow.Rainthatfallsonapervioussurfacemay
    infiltrate,enteringthesoillayers,andnotrunningoffimmediatelyoratall.Therateofthis
    infiltrationisrelatedwithlanduse,aswell.
    Naturalstorageinthewatershed.Waterthatpondsinnaturaldepressions,lakes,andsimilarfeatures
    inawatershedwillnotrunofformayrunoffwithsomedelayandwithreducedrates.Thelocation
    of,capacitiesof,andbehaviorofstoragemustbeidentifiedifthisistoberepresentedin
    computationsofdesignflows.
    Vegetativecoverandsoilpropertyinformation.Ratesofinfiltrationdependonpropertiesofsoilsin
    thewatershedanduponthepresenceofvegetation.Forexample,waterpondedonsandysoilsmay
    infiltrateatfourorfivetimestherateofwaterpondedonclaysoils.Andcropsplantedonclaysoils
    willincreasetherateofinfiltrationthere.Thus,thedesignermustgatherinformationonthecover
    andsoils.Thatinformationshoulddefinethespatialvariationsacrossthewatershed.
    Thesedataareneededwithconceptualmodelsthatdonotseektorepresentingreatdetailthephysical
    processes.Forexample,withtherationalmethod,arunoffcoefficientrelatesrunoffrateandrainfallrate.That
    coefficientisrelatedtolandusewithinthewatershed.Andknowledgeoflanduse,particularlyknowledgeof
    presenceorabsenceofimperviousarea,iscriticalforassessingtheapplicabilityofregressionequations.

    DescriptionoftheDrainageFeaturesoftheWatershed
    Channels,ponds,reservoirs,culverts,andothernaturalorconstructeddrainagefeaturesinawatershedaffect
    therunofffromthewatershed.Thusdatathatdescribethosemustbecollected.
    Foraconceptualmodel,dataaboutthefeaturesareneededtomakeadecisionaboutwhichmodeltouseand
    configurethemodelappropriately.Forexample,withahydrographmethod,datadescribingchannelsare
    neededtoselect,calibrate,andusearoutingmethodthataccountsfortheimpactofachannelonthedesign
    floodpeak.
    Foranempiricalmodel,dataondrainagefeaturesisneededfirsttoenablewisedecisionsaboutwhich
    model(s)touse,andsecond,toestimatemodelparameters.Forexample,floodfrequency(streamgauge)
    analysisproceduresrequirethatthestreamflowrecordsbewithoutsignificantregulation.Todetermineifthis
    http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/hyd/hydrology_study_data_requirements.htm

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    10/14/2016

    HydraulicDesignManual:HydrologyStudyDataRequirements

    analysisproceduresrequirethatthestreamflowrecordsbewithoutsignificantregulation.Todetermineifthis
    isso,thedesignermusthaveinformationonregulationinthewatershed,includingdescriptionsofponds,
    reservoirs,detentionstructures,anddiversionsinthewatershed.

    RainfallObservationsandStatisticsofthePrecipitation
    Conceptualmodelssimulateconversionofrainfalltorunoffbysimulatingsomeoralloftheprocesses
    illustratedinFigure49.Thus,touseaconceptualmodel,rainfalldataarerequired.Thesedataincludeboth
    observationsofrainfallatgaugesinthewatershedandstatisticsonrainfallfromwhichdesignstormsare
    developed.
    Withobservationsofrainfallatgauges,modelscanbecalibratedandtestedtoensurethattheytrulyrepresent
    thebehaviorofthewatershed.
    Withstatisticsofrainfalldepths,adesignstormcanbedeveloped,andtherequireddesignflowcanbe
    computedfollowingthedesignstormassumption.Thisassumptionisthatifmedianoraveragevaluesofall
    otherparametersareused,thefrequencyofthederivedfloodshouldbeapproximatelyequaltothefrequency
    ofthedesignrainfall(PilgrimandCordery1975).

    StreamflowObservationsandStatisticsoftheStreamflow
    Streamflowobservationsatorneartothelocationofinterestarethedesignersbestindexofhowawatershed
    willbehaveunderconditionsexistinginthewatershedatthetimeofobservationoftheflow.Thesedataserve
    thefollowingpurposes:
    Calibrationofstatisticalmodel.Ifavailable,longrecordsofannualmaximumstreamflowpermit
    floodfrequencyanalysisanddesignflowdetermination.
    Calibrationandverificationofconceptualmodel.Shorterrecordsofrunofffromindividualfloods
    permitcalibrationandverificationofconceptualmodelsoftherainfalltorunofftransformation,if
    correspondingrecordsofrainfallareavailable.Inthisprocess,modelparametersareestimated,
    runofffromobservedrainfalliscomputed,andthecomputedflowsarecomparedtotheobserved.
    Parametersareadjustedifthefitisnotacceptable.
    Assessmentofreasonablenessofresults.Recordsofannualmaximumflowsatasiteforlimited
    periodspermitassessmentofreasonablenessofpredicteddesignflows.Forexample,ifarecordof
    annualmaximumflowsfor12yearsatasiteincludessixpeaksthatexceedthepredicted10%chance
    designflow,adesignercanapplythebinomialstatisticaldistributiontodeterminethattheprobability
    isonly0.0005thatthiscouldhappen.Thisissounlikelythatitraisesdoubtabouttheestimated10%
    chancedesignflow.

    http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/hyd/hydrology_study_data_requirements.htm

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