By Authority Of

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Legally Binding Document

By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code 552(a) and
Part 1 of the Code of Regulations 51 the attached document has been duly
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally
binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.
HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.

e
Document Name:

BOCA: Mechanical Code

CFR Section(s): 24 CFR 200.925c(a)(1)(i)

Standards Body: Building Officials and Code Administrators International

Official Incorporator:
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER

WASHINGTON, D.C.

The BOCA National

Mechanical Code/1993

Model building regulations for the protection

of public health, safety and welfare.

EIGHTH EDITION

As recommended and maintained

by the voting membership of

BUILDING OFFICIALS & CODE ADMINISTRATORS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

4051 W. Flossmoor Rd.
Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795
Founded in 1915

708/799-2300
FAX 708/799-4981

REGIONAL OFFICES
3592 Corporate Dr., Ste. 107
Columbus, OH 43231-4987
Telephone 614/890-1064
FAX 614/890-9712

3 Neshaminy Interplex, Ste. 301

Trevose, PA 19053-6939
Telephone 215/638-0554
FAX 215/245-4705
Towne Centre Complex
10830 E. 45th Street, Ste. 200
Tulsa, OK 74146-3809
Telephone 918/664-4434
FAX 918/664-4435

NOTE: The BOCA National Codes are designed for adoption by state or local governments by reference only. Jurisdictions adopting
them may make necessary additions, deletions and amendments in their adopting document. Incorporation of any part of the BOCA
National Codes in codes published by states, local governments, regulatory agencies, individuals or organizations is expressly
prohibited. When your jurisdiction has adopted one or more of the BOCA National Codes, please send a copy of the adopting
document to the BOCA Executive offices.
Once this material has been adopted by a rule-making jurisdiction, other than by reference, all parties, including the rule-making
jurisdiction, may reproduce the material in whole or in part subject only to a nonexclusive, royalty-bearing license with Building
Officials & Code Administrators International, Inc. Any party desiring such a license should contact: Executive Director, BOCA
International, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, Illinois 60478-5795.

Copyright, 1993, Building Officials and Code Administrators, International, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopy, recording or by an information storage and retrieval system without advance permission in writing from the
publisher. For information, address: Building Officials and Code Administrators International, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country
Club Hills, Illinois 60478-5795.
BOCA is the trademark qlBuilding Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc., and is registered in the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.

Printed in the United States of America

First printing: March, 1993

PREFACE
The BOCA National Mechanical Code was initially prepared and updated on the premise that adequate code requirements are essential
to the safe installation and maintenance of all mechanical equipment and systems in order to protect the public health, safety and
welfare.
The BOCA National Mechanical C ode sets forth comprehensive regulations for the safe installation and maintenance of mechanical
facilities where great reliance was previously placed on accepted practice and engineering standards. By establishing the end result
to be accomplished rather than the method to be followed, the BOCA National Mechanical Code allows freedom and nexibility in
the development of mechanical systems. The code adopts nationally recognized standards as the criteria for evaluation of minimum
safe practice, or for determining the performance of materials or systems of construction. The application of these standards is stated
in the text of the code requirements, and the standards are listed and identified in Chapter 21, making it practical and convenient to
update any standard as it is revised or reissued by the sponsoring agency.
This eighth edition presents the BOCA National Mechanical Code as originally issued with changes through 1992 and with celtain
editorial changes made to maintain the sequence of the code and to update the references to standards.
This code, as are the other codes published by Building Officials and Code Administrators International, is kept up to date through
the review of changes proposed by code enforcement officials, industry and design professionals, and other interested persons and
organizations. Proposed changes are discussed in a public hearing, carefully reviewed by committees, and acted upon by code
enforcement officials in an open meeting of the organization. A new edition such as this is then prepared every three years, and
contains all approved changes since the previous edition.
Changes as described above do not just happen. The BOCA National Mechanical Code is dedicated to the thousands of code
enforcement officials from throughout the United States and Canada; to the engineers, architects, technicians, builders, contractors,
material producers, trade associations and others who voluntarily collaborated in its preparation; and to the members of the code
changes committees and their constituent committees, who participated in the important work of keeping the code abreast of new
developments in construction technology. These individuals have given unstintingly of their time and their talents to produce and
maintain this performance-type code, which has been widely recognized, highly respected, and adopted by countless communities.
Use of the BOCA National Mechanical Code or any of the other BOCA National Codes within a government jurisdiction is intended
to be accomplished only through adoption by reference in a proceeding of the jurisdiction's board, council, or other authoritative
governing body. At the time of adoption, jurisdictions should insert the appropriate information in those passages of a code requiring
specific local information, such as the date of adoption, name of adopting jurisdiction, dollar amount of fines and permit costs, etc.
These passages are shown in bracketed small capital letters in the codes, and are also listed in the sample adoption ordinance page
of each code for which the local adoption information is required. Additionally, jurisdictions may amend or modify BOCA National
Code provisions to accomplish desired local requirements, although use of the codes in substantially original and standardized form
is encouraged by the BOCA organization. A sample draft of an adopting ordinance for the BOCA National Mechanical Code is
provided on page vii.
This document has been developed under the published procedures of Building Officials and Code Administrators International,
Inc. These procedures are designed to obtain the views and comments of those in the construction industry willing to participate.
While these procedures assure the highest degree of care, neither BOCA, its members, nor those participating in its activities accepts
any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions given herein, for any restrictions imposed on materials
or processes, or for the completeness of the text.
BOCA has no power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this code. It is only the governmental body
that enacts the code into law that does so.

iii

NOTE TO BOCA@ NATIONAL

CODE USERS

The 1993 editions of the BOCA National Codes contain, for the benefit and convenience of code
users, vertical lines in the outside margins of some pages.
As in previous editions, vertical lines in the margin indicate approved changes to the text of
code requirements. Editorial changes are not so marked. For example, lines shown in the margins
of the 1993 BOCA National Codes indicate technical content changes since the 1990 editions.
Asterisks in the margin indicate locations from which 1990 code text has been deleted. Unlike
the 1990 editions, these asterisks are no longer used to indicate text that has moved to a different
location in the code. These features are designed to streamline the review process for jurisdictions
wishing to adopt current, up-to-date provisions.
Several additional features are reflected in the 1993 editions of the BOCA National Codes.
Definitions of terms have been rearranged in order to locate them within the chapter or section
that represents the predominant subject matter associated with each term. Definitions related
predominantly to Chapter 1 and those that have broad applicability throughout the code remain
in full in Chapter 2. All defined terms are listed alphabetically in Chapter 2 followed by either
the text of the definition or a reference to the section number that contains the text of the
definition. Selected defined terms are italicized where they appear in the code in the same manner
as in previous editions.
Additionally, an indenting feature is used in tandem with the codes' decimal-based section
numbering system to indicate the hierarchy of each subsection.
The values stated in the U.S. customary units of measurement are to be regarded as code
requirements. The metric equivalents of U.S. customary units may be approximate. Metric
equivalents are not indicated for materials identified by nominal sizes. For actual dimensions
refer to the appropriate material standard listed in Chapter 21. The nominal sizes included in the
BOCA National Codes indicate the common designation of materials by that industry.

iv

A GUIDE TO USE OF THE

BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE
The format and provisions of the BOCA National Mechanical Code are designed to provide units of government with effective
minimum requirements for safe mechanical systems.
The following step-by-step approach is recommended for use in determining the code's application to particular building
mechanical systems within a governmental jurisdiction.
1.

Mechanical equipment and appliances: Determine that mechanical equipment and appliances conform to and are installed
in compliance with the requirements of Chapters 4, 6, 13, 14, 15 and 18.

2.

Fuel supply: Determine compliance with gas piping requirements (Chapter 8). Determine compliance with fuel oil piping
requirements (Chapter 9).

3.

Combustion air: Determine that adequate combustion air is provided for all fuel-fired equipment (Chapter 10).

4.

Chimneys and vents: Determine compliance with chimney and vent requirements (Chapter 12).

5.

Duct and piping: Determine compliance with air distribution requirements (Chapter 3). Determine compliance with hydronic
piping requirements (Chapter 7).

6.

Kitchen exhaust: Determine compliance with kitchen exhaust requirements (Chapter 5).

7.

Ventilation: Determine compliance with ventilation air requirements (Chapter 16).

8.

Energy conservation: Determine compliance with energy conservation requirements (Chapter 19).

ADOPTION INFORMATION
The BOCA National Codes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference by ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopt
the BOCA National Mechanical C odell 993 as enforceable minimum mechanical safety requirements should insure that certain factual
information is included in the adopting ordinance at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate governmental body.
The following sample adoption ordinance addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information
required for insertion into the code text.
SAMPLE ORDINANCE FOR ADOPTION OF THE 1993 BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE
AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING THE MINIMUM REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND
CONSTRUCTION OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, BY PROVIDING REASONABLE SAFEGUARDS TO PROTECT THE
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY AGAINST THE HAZARDS OF INADEQUATE, DEFECTIVE OR UNSAFE MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS AND INSTALLATIONS; KNOWN AS THE MECHANICAL CODE; AND REPEALING OF EXISTING ORDINANCE
NUMBER (Present Ordinance, ifany) OF THE (Type of Jurisdiction) OF (Name of Jurisdiction), STATE OF (State Name).
Be it ordained by the (Governing Body) of the (Name of Jurisdiction) as follows:
SECTION 1. ADOPTION OF MECHANICAL CODE.

That a certain document, three (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the (Jurisdiction's Keeper o.lRecords) of the (Type of
Jurisdiction) of (Name of Jurisdiction), being marked and designated as "The BOCA National Mechanical Code, Eighth Edition,
1993," as published by Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc., be and is hereby adopted as the Mechanical
Code of the (Type of Jurisdiction) of (Name of Jurisdiction) in the State of (State Name); for the control of buildings and structures
as herein provided; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of the said BOCA National
Mechanical Code are hereby referred to, adopted and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this Ordinance, with the additions,
insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 3 of this Ordinance.

SECTION 2. INCONSISTENT ORDINANCES REPEALED.

That Ordinance Number (Present Ordinance Number) of the (Type ofJurisdiction) of (Name of Jurisdiction) entitled (Full Title of
Present Ordinance) and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.

SECTION 3. ADDITIONS, INSERTIONS AND CHANGES.

That the following sections are hereby revised as follows:
Section M-101.l (page I, second line). Insert: (Name of Jurisdiction).
Section M-113.2 (page 4, third line). Insert: (Fee Schedule).
Section M-113.3 (page 4, third line). Insert: (Fee Schedule).
Section M-116.4 (page 5, seventh, eighth and ninth lines). Insert: (Offense, Dollar Amount, Number of Days).
Section M-117.2 (page 5, fifth and sixth lines). Insert: (Dollar Amounts in Two Locations).

SECTION 4. SAVING CLAUSE

That nothing in this Ordinance or in the Mechanical Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding
impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any
act or ordinance hereby repealed as cited in Section 2 of this Ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character
be lost, impaired or affected by this Ordinance.

SECTION S. DATE OF EFFECT.

That the (Jurisdiction's Keeper of Records) shall certify to the adoption of this Ordinance and cause the same to be published as
required by law; and this Ordinance shall take full force and effect (Time Period) after this date of final passage and approval.

VII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1
Section

M-101.0
M-102.0
M-103.0
M-104.0
M-10S.0
M-106.0
M-107.0
M-108.0
M-109.0
M-110.0
M-111.0

Chapter 2
M-201.0
M-202.0

Chapter 3
M-301.0
M-302.0
M-303.0
M-304.0
M-305.0
M-306.0
M-307.0
M-308.0

Chapter 4
M-401.0
M-402.0
M-403.0
M-404.0
M-405.0

Chapter 5
M-501.0
M-502.0
M-503.0
M-504.0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1

ADMINISTRATION
Page

General ............................ 1
Applicability ........................ 1
Repairs and maintenance ............. 1
Validity ............................ 1
Department of mechanical inspection .... 1
Duties and powers of the code official .... 2
Approval ........................... 2
Application for permit ................. 3
Permits ............................ 3
Demolition of structures ............... 4
Moved structures .................... 4

Page

Section

M-112.0
M-113.0
M-114.0
M-115.0
M-116.0
M-117.0
M-118.0
M-119.0
M-120.0
M-121.0

Conditions of permit .................

Fees .............................
Inspections ........................
Workmanship ......................
Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Stop work order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Notice of approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Unsafe conditions .................. ,
Emergency measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Means of appeal ....................

4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
6

DEFINITIONS.............................................. 9
General ............................ 9
General definitions ................... 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS . . . .

General ........................... 13
Definitions ........................ 13
Plenums .......................... 13
Duct construction ................... 14
Flexible ducts and connectors ......... 15
Duct coverings, linings, tape and
vibration isolation connectors ........ 15
Duct installation .................... 16
Outside air exhaust and intake
openings ........................ 16

M-309.0
M-310.0
M-311.0
M-312.0
M-313.0
M-314.0
M-315.0

M-406.0
M-407.0
M-408.0
M-409.0
M-410.0

18

Hazardous location installation . . . . . . ..

Outdoor installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boiler rooms and furnace rooms .......
Electric installation .................
Energy-saving devices ..............

22
22
22
22
23

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

KITCHEN EXHAUST EQUIPMENT . .

General ........................... 25
Where required .................... 25
Factory-built commercial hoods
and ducts ....................... 25
Commercial hood design ............. 25

16
17
17
18
18
18

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT . . . . .
General ........................... 21
Definitions ........................ 21
Equipment approval ................. 21
Labeling .......................... 21
Equipment installation ............... 22

Systems control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Filters ............................
Hazardous exhaust systems . . . . . . . . ..
Clothes dryer exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Fire dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Smoke control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Dust, stock and refuse conveyor
systems ........................

M-505.0
M-506.0
M-507.0
M-508.0
M-509.0

Grease removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Commercial duct systems . . . . . . . . . . ..
Clearance in commercial systems .....
Suppression for commercial systems . . .
Test and cleaning schedule ...........

26
26
26
26
27

ix

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Chapter 6
Section

M-601.0
M-602.0
M-603.0
M-604.0
M-605.0

Chapter 7
M-701.0
M-702.0
M-703.0
M-704.0
M-705.0
M-706.0

Chapter 8
M-801.0
M-802.0
M-803.0
M-804.0
M-805.0
M-806.0
M-807.0
M-808.0

Chapter 9
M-901.0
M-902.0
M-903.0
M-904.0
M-905.0
M-906.0

Page

General ........................... 29
Definitions ........................ 29
Water heaters ...................... 29
Boiler connections .................. 29
Safety and pressure relief valves ....... 29

Chapter 11

General ........................... 31
Definitions ........................ 31
Material ........................... 31
Joints and connections .............. 31
Expansion and contraction ............ 32
Pipe support ....................... 33

M-606.0
M-607.0
M-608.0
M-609.0
M-610.0

General ........................... 35
Definitions ........................ 35
Piping material ..................... 35
Joints and connections .............. 36
Sizing of gas piping systems .......... 37
Gas flow controls ................... 38
Underground gas piping .............. 43
Outside above-ground piping .......... 44

Page

Steam boiler equalizing pipe ..........

Boiler low-water cutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steam blowoff valve ................
Hot water boiler expansion tank . . . . . . .
Gauges ..........................

29
30
30
30
30

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
M-707.0
M-708.0
M-709.0
M-710.0
M-711.0

GAS PIPING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . .

Piping installation ..................

Pipe insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valves ...........................
Transfer fluid ......................
Tests ............................

33
33
34
34
34

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
M-809.0
M-810.0
M-811.0
M-812.0
M-813.0
M-814.0
M-815.0
M-816.0

Inside building gas piping ............

Hangers and supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shutoff valves .....................
Outlets and connections .... . . . . . . . . .
Gas-dispensing systems .............
Supplemental and standby gas supply . .
Testing ...........................
Purging gas piping .................

44
44
44
44
44
44
45
45

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID STORAGE AND PIPING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . 47

General ........................... 47
Definitions ........................ 47
Material ........................... 47
Joints and connections .............. 48
Corrosion protection and leak
detection ........................ 48
Hangers and supports ............... 49

General ........................... 53
Definitions ........................ 53
Inside air .......................... 53
Outdoor air ........................ 53

M-907.0
M-908.0
M-909.0
M-910.0
M-911.0
M-912.0

Underground piping .................

Underground storage tank installation ..
Fuel oil system installation ...........
Fuel-dispensing systems ............
Fuel oil valves .....................
Tests ............................

49
49
50
50
50
50

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
M-1005.0 Direct connection .................. 53
M-1006.0 Mechanical ventilation ............... 53
M-1007.0 Opening obstructions ............... 53

CLEARANCE REDUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

M-1101.0 General ........................... 55

M-1102.0 Reduced clearances ................ 55

Section

HYDRONIC PIPING . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 10 COMBUSTION AIR . . . . . . . . . .

M-1001.0
M-1002.0
M-1003.0
M-1004.0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS ..

TABLE OF CONTENTS

51

Chapter 12 CHIMNEYS AND VENTS . . . . . . .

Section

Page

M-1201.0
M-1202.0
M-1203.0
M-1204.0
M-1205.0
M-1206.0

General ........................... 57
Definitions ........................ 57
Where required .................... 57
Vent system ....................... 58
Factory-built chimneys ............... 58
Masonry chimneys, general
requirements ..................... 58
M-1207.0 Masonry chimneys for low-heat
appliances ...................... 58
M-1208.0 Masonry chimneys for medium-heat
appliances ...................... 59
M-1209.0 Masonry chimneys for high-heat
appliances ...................... 59

Section

Chapter 13 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION . . .

M-130 1.0
M-1302.0
M-1303.0
M-1304.0
M-1305.0

General ........................... 67
Definitions ........................ 67
Maximum quantities of refrigerant ...... 67
Refrigeration piping and equipment ..... 68
Pressure-limiting devices ............. 69

Page

M-121 0.0 Metal chimneys, general

requirements ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
M-1211.0 Metal chimneys for low-heat
appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
M-1212.0 Metal chimneys for medium-heat
appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
M-1213.0 Metal chimneys for high-heat
appliances ......................
M-1214.0 Multiple connections ................
M-1215.0 Exhausters .......................
M-1216.0 Connectors .......................
M-1217.0 Dampers .........................
M-1218.0 Tests ............................

60
60
60
61
61
61
62
65
65

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
M-1306.0
M-1307.0
M-1308.0
M-1309.0

Pressure relief protection ............

Class T machinery rooms . . . . . . . . . . ..
General machinery rooms. . . . . . . . . . ..
Tests ............................

69
70
70
70

Chapter 14 FIREPLACES, SOLID FUEL-BURNING AND GAS ACCESSORY APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . 11

M-1401.0 General ........................... 71
M-1402.0 Room heaters ...................... 71
M-1403.0 Factory-built fireplaces ............... 71

M-1404.0 Masonry fireplaces ................. 71

M-1405.0 Barbecue pits ..................... 72
M-1406.0 Gas accessories .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Chapter 15 INCINERATORS AND CREMATORIES.

M-1501.0
M-1502.0
M-1503.0
M-1504.0
M-1505.0

General ........................... 73
Definitions ........................ 73
Waste classification ................. 73
Incinerator classification .............. 75
Design ........................... 75

Chapter 16 VENTILATION AIR . . . . . . . . . . .

M-1601.0 General ........................... 83
M-1602.0 Definitions ........................ 83
M-1603.0 Natural ventilation .................. 83

Chapter 17 AIR QUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . .

M-1701.0 General ........................... 87
M-1702.0 Definitions ........................ 87
M-1703.0 Particulate matter in gases ........... 87

Chapter 18 SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS

M-1801.0 General ........................... 89
M-1802.0 Installation ........................ 89

M-1506.0
M-1507.0
M-1508.0
M-1509.0
M-1510.0

Construction ......................
Commercial and industrial incinerators..
Requirements by class of incinerator .. ,
Chimneys ........................
Crematories .......................

77
77
77
79
81

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
M-1604.0 Mechanical ventilation ............... 83
M-1605.0 Mechanical exhaust ................ 85
M-1606.0 Ventilation of uninhabited spaces ...... 86

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
M-1704.0 Ringelmann standards .............. 87
M-1705.0 Sulfur dioxide ..................... 87
M-1706.0 Nuisance ......................... 87

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
M-1803.0 Heat transfer fluids ................. 89
M-1804.0 Materials ......................... 90

xi

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Chapter 19 ENERGY CONSERVATION . . . . . .

Section

Page

M-1901.0 General ........................... 91

M-1902.0 Definitions ........................ 91
M-1903.0 Design conditions ................... 91

Section

Page

M-1904.0 Equipment performance requirements .. 93

M-1905.0 Controls .......................... 95

Chapter 20 BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS, MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

M-2001.0 General ........................... 99
M-2002.0 Inspections ........................ 99

Chapter 21

M-2003.0 Condemnation.................... 100

REFERENCED STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Appendix A DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURE TABLE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Appendix B REFRIGERANTS AND PIPE EXPANSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

xii

CHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATION

SECTION M-101.0 GENERAL

M-IOl.l Title: These regulations shall be known as the

Mechanical Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION] hereinafter
referred to as "this code."
M-IOl.2 Scope: The design, installation, maintenance, alteration and inspection of mechanical systems, induding heating
systems, ventilating systems, cooling systems, steam and hot
water heating systems, water heaters, process piping, boilers and
pressure vessels, appliances utilizing gas, liquid or solid fuel,
chimneys and vents, mechanical refrigeration systems,
fireplaces, barbecues, incinerators, crematories and air pollution
systems as herein defined, shall comply with the requirements
of this code.

this code and the referenced standards, the provisions ofthis code
shall apply.
SECTION M-103.0 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE

M-103.1 Repairs: Minor repairs or replacement of any existing

system shall be permitted in the same manner and arrangement
as in the existing system, provided that such repairs or replacement are not hazardous and are approved.
M-103.2 Maintenance: All mechanical systems, both existing
and new, and all parts thereof shall be maintained in a safe
condition. All devices and safeguards which are required by this
code or which were required by a previous statute or code for the
structure, shall be maintained in working order.

M-I01.3 Intent: This code shall be construed to secure its

expressed intent, which is to insure public health, safety and
welfare insofar as they are affected by the installation and
maintenance of mechanical systems.

M-103.3 Owner responsibility: The owner or the owner's

designated agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of
mechanical systems.

SECTION M-102.0 APPLICABILITY

M-104.1 Partial invalidity: In the event any part or provision

of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the
effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or
provisions thereof, which are determined to be legal; and it shall
be presumed that this code would have been passed without such
illegal or invalid parts or provisions.

M-102.1 General: The provisions of this code shall apply to all

matters affecting or relating to structures, as set forth in Section
M-IOl.O.
M-102.2 Existing mechanical systems: This code shall apply
to existing mechanical systems described in this section as if
hereafter installed.
1. Mechanical systems serving an occupancy other than the
occupancy such systems served at the time this code
became applicable.
2. Mechanical systems in a structure moved as specified in
Section M-lll.O.
M-102.3 Existing utilization continued: Except as otherwise
provided for in this chapter, a provision in this code shall not
require the removal, alteration or abandonment of, nor prevent
the continued utilization of, an existing mechanical system.
M-102,4 Additions or alterations: Any addition or alteration,
regardless of cost, made to a mechanical system shall be made
in compliance with the applicable regulations of this code.
Where additions or alterations subject parts of existing systems
to loads exceeding those permitted herein, such parts shall be
made to comply with this code.
M-102.S Referenced standards: The standards referenced in
this code and listed in Chapter 21 shall be considered part of the
requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such
reference. Where differences occur between the provisions of

SECTION M-104.0 VALIDITY

M-104.2 Segregation of invalid provisions: Any invalid part of

this code shall be segregated from the remainder of this code by
the court holding such part invalid, and the remainder shall
remain effective.
M-104.3 Existing structures: The invalidity of any provision
in any section of this code as applied to existing structures shall
not be held to affect the validity of such section in its application
to structures hereafter erected.
SECTION M-105.0 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL INSPECTION

M-IOS.l Code official: The department of mechanical inspection is hereby created and the executive official in charge thereof
shall be known as the code official.
M-lOS.2 Appointment: The code official shall be appointed by
the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction; and the code
official shall not be removed from office except for cause and
after full opportunity to be heard on specific and relevant charges
by and before the appointing authority.
M-IOS.3 Organization: The code official shall appoint such
number of officers, technical assistants, inspectors and other

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

employees as shall be necessary for the administration of this

code and as authorized by the appointing authority.
M-IOS.4 Deputy: The code official is authorized to designate an
employee as deputy who shall exercise all the powers of the code
official during the temporary absence or disability of the code
official.
M-lOS.S Restriction of employees: An official or employee
connected with the department of mechanical inspection, except
one whose only connection is that of a member of the board of
appeals established under the provisions of Section M-121.0,
shall not be engaged in, or directly or indirectly connected with
the furnishing of labor, materials or appliances for the construction, alteration or maintenance of a building, or the preparation
of construction documents thereof, unless that person is the
owner of the building; nor shall such officer or employee engage
in any work that conflicts with otl'icial duties or with the interests
of the department.
M-IOS.6 Relief from personal responsibility: The code official, officer or employee charged with the enforcement of this
code, while acting for the jurisdiction, shall not thereby be
rendered liable personally, and is hereby relieved from all personalliability for any damage accruing to persons or property as
a result of any act required or permitted in the discharge of
official duties. Any suit instituted against an officer or employee
because of an act performed by that officer or employee in the
lawful discharge of duties and under the provisions of this code
shall be defended by the legal representative of the jurisdiction
until the final termination of the proceedings. The code official
or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in any action, suit
or proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of
this code; and any officer of the department of mechanical
inspection, acting in good faith and without malice, shall be free
from liability for acts performed under any of its provisions or
by reason of any act or omission in the performance of official
duties in connection therewith.
M -105.7 Official records: An official record shall be kept of all
business and activities of the department specified in the
provisions of this code, and all such records shall be open to
public inspection at all appropriate times and according to
reasonable rules to maintain the integrity and security of such
records.
SECTION M-106.0 OUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL

M-I06.1 General: The code official shall enforce all of the

provisions of this code and shall act on any question relative to
the installation, alteration, repair, maintenance or operation of
all mechanical systems, devices and equipment, except as otherwise specifically provided for by statutory requirements or as
provided for in Sections M-106.2 through M-106.8.
M-I06.2 Applications and permits: The code official shall
receive applications and issue permits for the installation and
alteration of mechanical systems and equipment, inspect the
premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce
compliance with the provisions of this code.
M-I06.3 Notices and orders: The code official shall issue all
necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this code.

M-I06.4 Inspections: The code official shall make all of the

required inspections, or the code official shall accept reports of
inspection by approved agencies or individuals. All reports of
such inspections shall be in writing and be certified by a responsible officer of such approved agency or by the responsible
individual. The code official is authorized to engage such expert
opinion as deemed necessary to report upon unusual technical
issues that arise, subject to the approval of the appointing
authority.
M-I06.S Identification: The code official shall carry proper
identification when inspecting structures or premises in the
performance of duties under this code.
M-I06.6 Rule-making authority: The code official shall have
power as necessary in the interest of public health, safety and
general welfare, to adopt and promulgate rules and regulations
to interpret and implement the provisions of this code to secure
the intent thereof and to designate requirements applicable because of local climatic or other conditions. Such rules shall not
have the effect of waiving structural or fire performance requirements specifically provided for in this code, or of violating
accepted engineering practice involving public safety.
M-I06.7 Department records: The code official shall keep
official records of applications received, permits and certificates
issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and notices and
orders issued. Such records shal1 be retained in the official
records as long as the structure to which such records relate
remains in existence unless otherwise provided for by other
regulations.
M-I06.8 Annual report: At least annually, the code official
shall submit to the chief authority of the jurisdiction a written
statement of operations in the form and content as sha11 be
prescribed by such authority.
SECTION M-107.0 APPROVAL

M-I07.1 Approved materials and equipment: All materials,

equipment and devices approved by the code official shal1 be
constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.
M-I07.2 Modifications: Where there are practical difficulties
involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the code
official shall have the right to vary or modify such provisions
upon application of the owner or the owner's representative,
provided that the spirit and intent of the law is observed and that
the public health, safety and welfare is assured.
M-I07.2.1 Records: The application for modification and the
final decision of the code official shall be in writing and shall
be officially recorded with the application for the permit in
the permanent records of the department of mechanical inspection.
M-I07.3 Material and equipment reuse: Materials, equipment
and devices shall not be reused unless such elements have been
reconditioned, tested and placed in good and proper working
condition and approved.
M-I07.4 Alternative materials and equipment: The
provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation
of any material or to prohibit any method of construction not
specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such

ADMINISTRATION

alternative has been approved. An alternative material or method

of construction shall be approved where the code official finds
that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the
intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material, method
or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the
equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength,
effectiveness, fireresistance, durability and safety.

M-I07.4.1 Research and investigations: Sufficient technical data shall be submitted to substantiate the proposed installation of any material or assembly. If it is determined that the
evidence submitted is satisfactory proof of performance for
the proposed installation, the code official shall approve such
alternative subject to the requirements of this code. The costs
of all tests, reports and investigations required under these
provisions shall be paid for by the applicant.
SECTION M-10B.O APPLICATION FOR PERMIT

M-IOS.l Permits required: Mechanical work shall not be commenced until a permit for such work has been issued by the code
official.
M-IOS.1.1 Permits not required: Permits shall not be required for the following:
1. Any portable heating appliance.
2. Any portable ventilation equipment.
3. Any portable cooling unit.
4. Any steam, hot water or chilled water piping within any
heating or cooling equipment regulated by this code.
5. Replacement of any minor part which does not alter
approval of equipment or make such equipment unsafe.
6. Any portable evaporative cooler.
7. Any self-contained refrigeration system containing 10
pounds (4.53 kg) or less of refrigerant, or actuated by
motors of 1 horsepower (0.75 kw) or less.
M-IOS.2 Form: The application for a permit for mechanical
work shall be in such written form as the code official prescribes
and shall be accompanied by the required fee as prescribed in
Section M-1l3.0 and a description of the proposed mechanical
work.
M-IOS.3 By whom application is made: The application for a
permit shall be made by the owner or lessee of a structure, or the
agent of either, or by the registered design professional
employed in connection with the proposed work or the contractor
employed to perform the work. If the application is made by a
person other than the owner in fee, it shall be accompanied by
an affidavit of the owner or the qualified applicant or a signed
statement of the qualified applicant witnessed by the code official or his designee to the effect that the proposed work is
authorized by the owner in fee and that the applicant is
authorized to make such application. The full names and addresses of the owner, lessee, applicant and the responsible officers, if
the owner or lessee is a corporate body, shall be stated in the
application.
M-IOS.4 Construction documents: The application for a permit shall be accompanied by not less than two sets of construction documents. The code official is permitted to waive the
requirements for filing construction documents where the work
involved is of a minor nature. When the quality of the materials

is essential for conformity to this code, specific information shall

be given to establish such quality, and this code shall not be cited,
or the term "legal" or its equivalent used as a substitute for
specific information.

M-IOS.S Engineering details: The code official shall require to

be filed adequate details of mechanical and electrical work
including computations, diagrams and other essential technical
data. All construction documents shall be signed and sealed by
the registered design professional of record. Construction documents for structures more than two stories in height shall indicate
how required structural and fireresistance rating integrity will be
maintained, and where penetrations will be made for electrical,
mechanical, plumbing and communication conduits, pipes and
systems.
M-IOS.6 Amendments to application: Subject to the limitations of Section M -108.7, amendments to the construction documents, application or other records accompanying the same shall
be filed at any time before completion of the work for which the
permit is sought or issued. Such amendments shall be deemed
part of the original application and shall be filed therewith.
M-IOS.7 Time limitation of application: An application for a
permit for any proposed work shall be deemed to have been
abandoned six months after the date of filing, unless such application has been diligently prosecuted or a permit shall have
been issued; except that the code official shall grant one or more
extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding 90 days
each if there is reasonable cause.
SECTION M-109.0 PERMITS

M-I09.1 Action on application: The code official shall examine

or cause to be examined all applications for pelmits and amendments thereto within a reasonable time after filing. If the application or the construction documents do not conform to the
requirements of all pertinent laws, the code official shall reject
such application in writing, stating the reasons therefor. If the
code official is satisfied that the proposed work conforms to the
requirements of this code and all Jaws and ordinances applicable
thereto, the code official shall issue a permit therefor as soon as
practicable. A mechanical permit shall not be transferable.
M-I09.2 Suspension of permit: Any permit issued shall become invalid if the authorized work is not commenced within
six months after issuance of the permit, or if the authorized work
is suspended or abandoned for a period of six months after the
time of commencing the work.
M-I09.3 Previous approvals: This code shall not require
changes in the construction documents or mechanical work for
which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise
lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been
actively prosecuted within 90 days after the effective date of this
code and is completed with dispatch.
M-I09.4 Signature to permit: The code official's signature
shall be attached to every permit; or the code official shall
authorize a subordinate to affix such signature thereto.
M-I09.S Approved construction documents: The code official
shall stamp or endorse in writing all sets of approved construction documents "Approved." One set of approved construction

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

documents shall be retained by the code official and another set

shall be kept at the building site, open to inspection by the code
official at all reasonable times.

M-H3.3 Fee schedule: The fees for all mechanical work shall
be as indicated in the following schedule.

M-109.6 Revocation of permit: The code official shall revoke

a permit or approval issued under the provisions of this code in
case of any false statement or misrepresentation of fact in the
application or on the construction documents upon which the
permit or approval was based.

M-H3.4 Accounting: The code official shall keep an accurate

account of all fees collected; and such collected fees shall be
deposited monthly in the jurisdiction treasury, or otherwise
disposed of as required by law.

M-!09.7 Posting of permit: A true copy of the permit shall be

kept on the site of operations, open to public inspection during
the entire time of prosecution of the work and until the completion of the same.
M-109.8 Notice of start: At least 24-hour notice of start of work
under a permit shall be given to the code official.

[JURISDICTION TO INSERT APPROPRIATE SCHEDULE.]

M-H3.S Refunds: In the case of a revocation of a permit or

abandonment or discontinuance of a building project, the portion
of the work actuall y completed shall be computed and any excess
fee for the incompleted work shall be returned to the permit
holder upon written request. All plan examination and permit
processing fees and all penalties that have been imposed on the
permit holder under the requirements of this code shall first be
collected.

SECTION M-110.0 DEMOlITION OF STRUCTURES

M-HO.! Service connections: Fuel-fired or electrically supplied heating or cooling appliances or equipment shall not be
removed from any structure to be demolished until the service
supplied to the structure for such equipment has been terminated
by the utility company. Notification of the termination shall be
given to the code official in writing prior to the authorization for
removal of such equipment.
SECTION M-111.0 MOVED STRUCTURES

M-H1.l General: Before any structure that has been moved in

the jurisdiction is occupied, all mechanical equipment and
devices shall be inspected and tested for safe operation and
compliance with the requirements of this code.
SECTION M-112.0 CONDITIONS OF PERMIT

M-H2.l Payment of fees: A permit shall not be issued until the

fees prescribed in Section M-U3.0 have been paid.
M-H2.2 Compliance with code: The permit shall be a license
to proceed with the work and shall not be construed as authority
to violate, cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code,
except as specifically stipulated by modification or legally
granted variation as described in the application.
M-H2.3 Compliance with permit: All work shall conform to
the approved application and the approved construction documents for which the permit has been issued and any approved
amendments to the approved application or the approved construction documents.
SECTION M-113.0 FEES

M-H3.l General: A permit to begin work for new construction

or alteration shaH not be issued until the prescribed fees shall
have been paid to the department of mechanical inspection or
other authorized agency of the jurisdiction, nor shall an amendment to a permit necessitating an additional fee because of the
additional work involved be approved until the additional fee has
been paid.
M- H3.2 Periodic inspections: The fees for all periodic inspections shall be as indicated in the following schedule.
[JURISDICTION TO INSERT APPROPRIATE SCHEDULE.]

SECTION M-114.0 INSPECTIONS

M-114.l Required: All equipment for which a permit is obtained under this code shall be inspected and approved. Any
portion of equipment intended to be concealed by any permanent
portion of the structure shall not be concealed until inspected.
When installation of any equipment is complete, a final inspection shall be made. Equipment regulated by this code shall not
be connected to the fuel or power supply and placed in normal
operation until such equipment complies with all applicable
requirements of this code, and a final inspection has been completed.
M-114.1.l Replacement equipment: The requirements of
Section M -114.1 shall not be consi dered to prohi bi t the operation of any heating equipment installed to replace existing
heating equipment serving an occupied portion of a structure
in the event a request for inspection of such heating equipment has been filed with the department not more than 48
hours after replacement work is completed, and before any
portion of such equipment is concealed by any permanent
portion of the structure.
M-114.1.2 Inspection agency: The code official shall accept
reports of approved inspection agencies provided such agencies satisfy the requirements as to qualification and reliability.
M-114.l.2.l Evaluation and follow-up inspection services: Prior to the approval of a closed, prefabricated
mechanical system and the issuance of a mechanical permit, the code official shall require the submittal of an
evaluation report on each prefabricated mechanical system, indicating the complete details of the mechanical
system, including a description of the mechanical system
and its components, the basis upon which the mechanical
system is being evaluated, test results and similar information, and other data as necessary for the code official to
determine conformance to this code.
M-H4.1.2.2 Evaluation service: The code official shall
designate the evaluation service of an approved agency as
the evaluation agency, and review such agency's evaluation report for adequacy and conformance to this code.
M-114.1.2.3 Follow-up inspection: Except where all
mechanical systems, service equipment and accessories

ADMINISTRATION

have ready access provided for complete inspection at the

site without disassembly or dismantling, the code official
shall conduct the frequency of in-plant inspections necessary to assure conformance to the approved evaluation
report or shall designate an independent, approved inspection agency to conduct such inspections. The inspection
agency shall furnish the code official with the follow-up
inspection manual and a report of inspections upon request, and the mechanical system shall have an identifying
label permanently affixed to the system indicating that
factory inspections have been performed.

M-ll4.1.2.4 Test and inspection records: All required

test and inspection records shall be available to the code
official at all times during the fabrication of the mechanical
system and the erection of the building; or such records as
the code official designates shall be filed.
M-ll4.2 Final inspection: Upon completion of the mechanical
work and before final approval is given, a final inspection shall
be made. All violations of the approved construction documents
and permit shall be noted and the holder of the permit shall be
notified of the discrepancies.
M-U4.3 Right of entry: The code official shall have the
authority to enter at any reasonable time any structure or
premises for which a permit has been issued and for which a
notice of approval has not been issued in accordance with
Section M-lIS.O.
For all other structures or premises, when the code official has
reasonable cause to believe that a code violation exists, the code
official is authorized to enter the structure or premises at
reasonable times to inspect. Prior to entering into a space not
otherwise open to the general public, the code official shall make
a reasonable effort to locate the owner or other person having
charge or control of the structure or premises, present proper
identification and request entry. If requested entry is refused or
not obtained, the code official shall pursue recourse as provided
by law.
M-U4.4 Coordination of inspections: Whenever in the
enforcement of this code or another code or ordinance, the
responsibility of more than one code official of the jurisdiction
is involved, it shall be the duty of the code officials involved to
coordinate their inspections and administrative orders as fully as
practicable so that the owners and occupants of the structure shall
not be subjected to visits by numerous inspectors or multiple or
conflicting orders. Whenever an inspector from any agency or
department observes an apparent or actual violation of some
provision of some law, ordinance or code not within the
inspector's authority to enforce, the inspector shall report the
findings to the code official having jurisdiction.
SECTION M-115.0 WORKMANSHIP

M-llS.l General: All work shall be conducted, installed and

completed in a workmanlike and approved manner so as to
secure the results intended by this code.
SECTION M-116.0 VIOLATIONS

M-ll6.l Unlawful acts: It shall be unlawful for any person, firm

or corporation to erect, construct, alter, repair, remove, demolish

or operate mechanical equipment regulated by this code, or cause

same to be done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the
provisions of this code.

M-ll6.2 Notice of violation: The code official shall serve a

notice of violation or order on the person responsible for the
erection, installation, alteration, extension, repair, removal,
demolition or operation of mechanical equipment or systems in
violation of the provisions of this code, or in violation of a detail
statement or the approved construction documents thereunder,
or in violation of a permit or certificate issued under the
provisions of this code. Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition and the abatement of
the violation.
M-ll6.3 Prosecution of violation: If the notice of violation is
not complied with promptly, the code official shall request the
legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate
proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such
violation or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful
occupancy of the structure in violation of the provisions of this
code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
M-ll6.4 Violation penalties: Any person who shall violate a
provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the
requirements thereof or who shall erect, construct, alter or repair
mechanical equipment or systems in violation of the approved
construction documents or directive of the code official, or of a
permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code,
shall be guilty of an [OFFENSE], punishable by a fine of not more
than [AMOUNT]' or by imprisonment not exceeding [NUMBER OF
DAYS], or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a
violation continues after notice has been served shall be deemed
a separate offense.
M-ll6.S Abatement of violation: The imposition of the penalties herein prescribed shall not preclude the legal officer of the
jurisdiction from instituting appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation, or to
prevent illegal occupancy of a building or to stop an illegal act,
conduct, business or operation of mechanical equipment or
systems on or about any premises.
SECTION M-117.0 STOP WORK ORDER

M-ll7.l Notice: Upon notice from the code official that work
on any structure is being conducted contrary to the provisions of
this code or in an unsafe and dangerous manner, such work shall
be immediately stopped. The stop work order shall be in writing
and shall be given to the owner of the property involved, or to
the owner's agent, or to the person doing the work. The stop work
order shall state the conditions under which work will be permitted to resume.
M-ll7.2 Unlawful continuance: Any person who shall continue any work in or about the structure after having been served
with a stop work order, except such work as that person is
directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition,
shall be liable to a fine of not less than rAMOUNT) or more than
[AMOUNT].

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

SECTION M-118.0 NOTICE Of APPROVAL

M-1l8.1 Approval: After the prescribed tests and inspections

indicate that the work complies in all respects with this code, a
notice of approval shall be issued by the code official.
M-1l8.2 Temporary occupancy: Upon the request of the holder
of a permit, the code official shall issue a temporary authorization before the entire work covered by the permit is completed,
provided that such portion or portions will be put into service
safely prior to full completion of the structure without endangeringpublic health or welfare.
SECTION M-119.0 UNSAfE CONDITIONS

M-1l9.1 General: All mechanical materials and equipment,

regardless of type, which are worn, damaged, defective or constructed so as to constitute a hazard to health, safety or welfare
are hereby declared illegal and shall be abated by repair and
rehabilitation or removal.
M-1l9.2 Record: The code official shall cause a report to be
filed on an unsafe condition. The report shall state the occupancy
of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
M-1l9.3 Notice: Ifan unsafe condition is found, the code official
shall serve on the owner, agent or person in control of the
structure, a written notice that describes the condition deemed
unsafe and specifies the required repairs or improvements to be
made to abate the unsafe condition, or that requires the unsafe
material or equipment to be removed within a stipulated time.
Such notice shall require the person thus notified to declare
immediately to the code official acceptance or rejection of the
terms of the order.
M-1l9.4 Method of service: Such notice shall be deemed
properly served if a copy thereof is (a) delivered to the owner
personally; or (b) sent by certified or registered mail addressed
to the owner at the last known address with the return receipt
requested. If the certified or registered letter is returned showing
that the letter was not delivered, a copy thereof shall be posted
in a conspicuous place in or about the structure affected by such
notice. Service of such notice in the foregoing manner upon the
owner's agent or upon the person responsible for the structure
shall constitute service of notice upon the owner.
M-1l9.S Restoration: The material or equipment determined to
be unsafe by the code official is permitted to be restored to a safe
condition. To the extent that repairs, alterations or additions are
made during the restoration of the structure, such repairs, alterations and additions shall comply with the requirements of Sections M-102.4 and M-103.0.
M-1l9.6 Disregard of notice: Upon refusal or neglect of the
person served with an unsafe notice to comply with the requirements of the order to abate the unsafe condition, the legal counsel
of the jurisdiction shall be advised of all the facts in order to
pursue recourse provided by law.
SECTION M120.0 EMERGENCY MEASURES

M-120.1 Imminent danger: When, in the opinion of the code

official, there is imminent danger to life, the code official is
hereby authorized and empowered to order and require the
occupants to vacate the building forthwith. The code official

shall cause to be posted at each entrance to such structure a notice

reading as follows: "This Structure is Unsafe and its Occupancy
has been Prohibited by the Code Official." It shall be unlawful
for any person to enter such structure, except for the purpose of
making the required repairs or for demolition.
SECTION M-121.0 MEANS Of APPEAL

M-121.1 Application for appeal: Any person shall have the

right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board of
appeals. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that
the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder
have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do
not fully apply, or an equally good or better form of construction
is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained
from the code official within 20 days after the notice was served.
M-121.2 Membership of board: The board of appeals shall
consist of five members appointed by the chief appointing
authority as follows: one for five years, one for four years, one
for three years, one for two years, and one for one year. Thereafter, each new member shall serve for five years or until a
successor has been appointed.
M-121.2.1 Qualifications: The board of appeals shall consist
of five individuals, one from each of the following professions or disciplines.
1. Registered design professional that is a registered architect; or a builder or superintendent of building construction with at least ten-years experience, five of
which shall have been in responsible charge of work.
2. Registered design professional with structural engineering or architectural experience.
3. Registered design professional with mechanical or
plumbing engineering experience; or a mechanical or
plumbing contractor with at least ten-years experience,
five of which shall have been in responsible charge of
work.
4. Registered design professional with electrical engineering experience; or an electrical contractor with at
least ten-years experience, five of which shall have
been in responsible charge of work.
5. Registered design professional with fire protection engineering experience; or a fire protection contractor
with at least ten-years experience, five of which shall
have been in responsible charge of work.
M-121.2.2 Alternate members: The chief appointing
authority shall appoint two alternate members who shall be
called by the board chairman to hear appeals during the
absence or disqualification of a member. Alternate members
shall possess the qualifications required for board membership, and shall be appointed for five years or until a successor
has been appointed.
M-121.2.3 Chairman: The board shall annually select one
of its members to serve as chairman.
M-121.2.4 Disqualification of member: A member shall not
hear an appeal in which that member has any personal,
professional or financial interest.
M-121.2.S Secretary: The chief administrative officer shall
designate a qualified clerk to serve as secretary to the board.

ADMINISTRATION

The secretary shall file a detailed record of all proceedings in

the office of the chief administrative officer.
M-121.2.6 Compensation of members: Compensation of
members shall be determined by law.
M-121.3 Notice of meeting: The board shall meet upon notice
from the chairman, within ten days of the filing of an appeal, or
at stated periodic meetings.
M-l2IA Open hearing: All hearings before the board shall be
open to the pUblic. The appellant, the appellant's representative,
the code official and any person whose interests are affected shaH
be given an opportunity to be heard.
M-121.4.1 Procedure: The board shall adopt and make available to the public through the secretary, procedures under
which a hearing will be conducted. The procedures shall not
require compliance with strict rules of evidence but shall
mandate that only relevant information be received.
M-l21.S Postponed hearing: When five members are not
present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant's
representative shall have the right to request and receive a
postponement of the hearing.
M-l21.6 Board decision: The board shall modify or reverse the
decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three
members.
M-121.6.1 Resolution: The decision of the board shall be by
resolution. Certified copies shall be furnished to the appellant
and to the code official.
M-121.6.2 Administration: The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.
M-121. 7 Court review: Any person, whether or not a previous
party ofthe appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate
court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application
for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law
following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief
administrative officer.

CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS

SECTION M-201.0 GENERAL

M-201.1 Scope: Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and tenns shall, for the purposes of this code, have the
meanings shown in this chapter.
M-201.2 Interchangeability: Words stated in the present tense
include the future; words stated in the masculine gender include
the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural
and the plural the singular.
M-201.3 Terms defined in other codes: Where terms are not
defined in this code and are defined in the building or plumbing
codes listed in Chapter 21, such terms shall have the meanings
ascribed to them as in those codes.

Air conditioning: See Section M-1902.0.

Air conditioning system: See Section M-1902.0.
Air distribution system: See Section M-1902.0.
Air pollutants: See Section M-1702.0.
Air pollution: See Section M-1702.0.

Appliance (mechanical): See Section M-402.0.

Appliance, approved: See Section M-402.0.
Appliance, high heat: See Section M-1202.0.
Appliance, low heat: See Section M-1202.0.
Appliance, medium heat: See Section M-1202.0.
Appliance, unvented: See Section M-1202.0.
Appliance, vented: See Section M-1202.0.

M-201.4 Terms not defined: Where terms are not defined

through the methods authorized by this section, such tenns shall
have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context implies.

Approved: Approved by the code official or other authority

having jurisdiction.

SECTION M-202.0 GENERAL DEFINITIONS

Auxiliary fuel-firing equipment (incinerator): See Section

M-lS02.0.

Abrasive materials: See Section M-302.0.

Boiler: See Section M-602.0.

Access (to): That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first
requires the removal or movement of a panel, door or similar
obstruction (see "Ready access").

Boiler room: See Section M-402.0.

Administrative authority: The individual official, board,

department or agency established and authorized by a state,
county, city or other political subdivision created by law to
administer and enforce the provisions of the mechanical code.
Air: All air supplied to mechanical equipment for combustion,
ventilation, cooling, etc. Standard air is air at standard
temperature and pressure, namely 70 degrees F. (21 degrees
C.) and 29.92 inches of mercury (101.3 kPa).
Excess air: See Section M-1S02.0.
Exhaust air: See Section M-302.0.
Makeup air: Outside air required to replace the air being
exhausted.
Outdoor air: See Section M-1602.0.
Primary air: See Section M-JS02.0.
Recirculated air: See Section M-1602.0.
Return air: See Section M-302.0.
Secondary air: See Section M-lS02.0.
Supply air: See Section M-302.0.
Theoretical air: See Section M-1S02.0.
Underfire air: See Section M-1S02.0.
Ventilation air: See Section M-1602.0.

Building: Any structure occupied or intended for supporting or

sheltering any occupancy.
Chimney: See Section M-1202.0.
Factory-built: See Section M-1202.0.
High-heat appliance type: See Section M-1202.0.
Low-heat appliance type: See Section M-1202.0.
Masonry: See Section M-1202.0.
Medium-heat appliance type: See Section M-1202.0.
Metal: See Section M-1202.0.
Chimney connector: See Section M-1202.0.
Chimney liner: See Section M-l202.0.
Code: These regulations, subsequent amendments thereto, or
any emergency rule or regulation which the administrative
authority having jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.
Code official: The officer or other designated authority charged
with the administration and enforcement of this code, or a
duly authorized representative.
Coefficient of performance (COP), cooling: See Section M1902.0.
Coefficient of performance (COP), heat pump, heating: See
Section M-1902.0.

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Combustible liquids: See Section M-902.0.

Class II: See Section M-902.0.
Class lIlA: See Section M-902.0.
Class IIIB: See Section M-902.0.

Equipment, existing: Any equipment regulated by this code

which was legally installed prior to the effective date of this
code, or for which a permit to install has been issued.
Evaporator: See Section M-1302.0.

Combustible material: Any material not defined as noncombustible.

Exhaust system: See Section M-302.0.

Combustion: In the context of this code, refers to the rapid

oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production of heat or
heat and light.

Existing work: Any mechanical system regulated by this code

which was legally installed prior to the effective date of this
code, or for which a permit to install has been issued.

Combustion air: See Section M-lO02.0.

Fire damper: See Section M-302.0.

Compressor: See Section M-1302.0.

Firebrick: An approved refractory brick.

Condensate: The liquid that separates from a gas (including flue

gases) because of a reduction in temperature.

Firebrick, high-heat-duty: Refractory brick clay that meets the

standards of this code.

Condenser: See Section M-1302.0.

Flammable liquids: See Section M-902.0.

Class IA: See Section M-902.0.
Class IB: See Section M-902.0.
Class IC: See Section M-902.0.
(See "Combustible liquids" for Class II or III liquids.)

Construction documents: All of the written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing the
design, location and physical characteristics of the elements
of the project necessary for obtaining a building permit. The
construction drawings shall be drawn to an appropriate scale.

Flash point: See Section M-902.0.

Curtain wall (incinerator): See Section M-JS02.0.

Flue connection (breeching): See Section M-IS02.0.

Damper: A manually or automatically controlled device to

regulate draft or the rate of flow of air or combustion gases.
Barometric: See Section M-lS02.0.
Guillotine: See Section M-JS02.0.
Sliding: See Section M-lS02.0.

FJue gases: See Section M-lS02.0.

Fuel: A combustible substance or material or any combination
of such.
Fuel-oil piping system: See Section M-902.0.

Design working pressure: The maximum allowable working

pressure, pounds per square inch gauge (psig), for which a
specific part of a system is designed.

Furnace room: See Section M-402.0.

Downpass: See Section M-lS02.0.

Fusible plug: See Section M-1302.0.

Draft: The pressure difference existing between the equipment

or any component part and the atmosphere, which causes a
continuous flow of air and products of combustion through
the gas passages of the appliance to the atmosphere.
Induced draft: The pressure difference created by the action
of a fan, blower or ejector, which is located between the
appliance and the chimney or vent termination.
Natural draft: The pressure difference created by a vent or
chimney because of its height, and the temperature difference
between the flue gases and the atmosphere.

Gas: That state of matter which has neither independent shape

nor volume. It expands to fill the entire container in which it
is held. Gas is one of the three forms of matter, the other two
being solid and liquid.
Liquefied petroleum (LP-gas): See Section M-802.0.
Manufactured: See Section M-802.0.
Natural: See Section M-802.0.

Furnace: See Section M-402.0.

Gas outlet: See Section M-802.0.

Hazardous location: See Section M-402.0.

Draft hood: A device built into a gas (lppliance or made a part

of a chimney connector or vent connector from a gas appliance which is designed to: permit the ready escape of flue
gases in the event of zero draft, a backdraft or stoppage in the
vent beyond the draft hood; permit the ready relief of the back
pressure from a backdraft so that such pressure does not enter
the gas appliance; and neutralize the possible effects of
excess draft (stack action) upon the operation of the appliance.

Incinerator, domestic gas-fired type: See Section M-lS02.0.

Dry gas: See Section M-802.0.

Label: See Section M-402.0.

Duct: See Section M-302.0.

Low-side pressure: See Section M-1302.0.

Emission: See Section M-1702.0.

Machinery room: See Section M-1302.0.

Energy efficiency ratio (EER): See Section M-1902.0.

Manual gas shutoff valve: See Section M-802.0.

10

Heat exchanger: A device that transfers heat from one medium

to another.
Heat transfer liquid: See Section M-1803.2.
Heating value: See Section M-802.0.
High-side pressure: See Section M-1302.0.

DEFINITIONS

Manufacturer: The company or organization which evidences

its responsibility by affixing its name or nationally registered
trademark or trade name to the equipment.

Refrigeration system: See Section M-1302.0.

Direct system: See Section M- 1302.0.
Indirect system: See Section M-1302.0.

Mechanical equipment room: See Section M-302.0.

Registered design professional: An architect or engineer,

Mechanical exhaust system: See Section M-1602.0.

Mechanicaljoint: See Section M-702.0.

Natural ventilation: See Section M-1602.0.
New energy: See Section M-1902.0.
Nonabrasive/abrasive materials: See Section M-302.0.

Noncombustible materials: Materials that, when tested in accordance with ASTM E136 listed in Chapter 21, have at least
three of four specimens tested meeting all of the following
criteria:
I. The recorded temperature of the surface and interior
thermocouples shall not at any time during the test rise
more than 54 degrees F. (30 degrees C.) above the
furnace temperature at the beginning of the test.
2. There shall not be flaming from the specimen after the
first 30 seconds.
3. If the weight loss of the specimen during testing exceeds 50 percent, the recorded temperature of the surface and interior thermocouples shall not at any time
during the test rise above the furnace air temperature at
the beginning ofthe test, and there shall not be flaming
of the specimen.

registered or licensed to practice professional architecture or

engineering, as defined by the statutory requirements of the
professional registration laws ofthe state in which the project
is to be constructed.
Regulator, line gas pressure: See Section M-802.0.
Regulator, LP-gas, first stage: See Section M-802.0.
Regulator, LP-gas, second stage: See Section M-802.0.
Regulator, service pressure: See Section M-802.0.
Reheat: See Section M-1902.0.
Return air system: See Section M-302.0.
Ringelmann: See Section M-1702.0.
Riser, gas: See Section M-802.0.
Safety valve: See Section M-602.0.
Stop valve: See Section M-1302.0.
Structure: That which is built or constructed or a portion thereof.
Supply air system: See Section M-302.0.

Nuisance: See Section M-1702.0.

Thermal resistance (R): A measure of the ability to retard the

flow of heat. The R value is the reciprocal of thermal conductance; expressed in units of hr. . ft. 2 . degree F. per Btu.

Occupancy: The purpose for which a building or portion thereof

is utilized or occupied.

Thermostat: See Section M-1902.0.

Outdoor opening: See Section M-302.0.

Particulate: See Section M-1702.0.
Person: A natural person, the heirs, executors, administrators or
assigns, and includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or
their successors or assigns.

Vent: See Section M-1202.0.

Vent connector: See Section M-1202.0.
Ventilation: See Section M-1602.0.
Water heater: See Section M-602.0.
Zone: See Section M-1902.0.

Plenum: See Section M-303.1.

Premises: A lot, plot or parcel of land, including any structure
thereon.
Pressure-imposing element: See Section M-1302.0.
Pressure-limiting device: See Section M-1302.0.
Pressure relief device: See Section M-1302.0.
Pressure relief valve: See Section M-602.0.
Purge: See Section M-802.0.
Quick-opening valve: See Section M-602.0.
Rating input: See Section M-402.0.
Rating output: See Section M-402.0.

Ready access (to): That which enables a device, appliance or

equipment to be directly reached, without requiring the
removal or movement of any panel, door or similar obstruction (see "Access").
Refrigerant: See Section M-1302.0.

11

CHAPTER 3
AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

SECTION M-301.0 GENERAL

M-301.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the construction,

installation, alteration, maintenance and repair of air distribution
systems.
SECTION M-302.0 DEFINITIONS

M-302.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes ofthis chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code, have
the meanings shown herein.
Abrasive materials: Moderately abrasive particulate in high
concentrations, and highly abrasive particulate in moderate
and high concentrations, such as alumina, bauxite, iron silicate, sand and slag.
Duct: A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. The air
passages of self-contained systems are not to be construed as
air ducts.
Exhaust air: Air removed from a space and not reused.
Exhaust system: An assembly of connected ducts, plenums,
fittings, registers, grilles and hoods through which air is
conducted from the space or spaces and exhausted to the
outside atmosphere.

Fire damper: A damper arranged to seal off air flow automatically through part of an air duct system, so as to restrict
the passage of heat (see Section M-313.0).
Mechanical equipment room: A room or space in which nonfuel-fired equipment is located.
Nonabrasive/abrasive materials: Nonabrasive particulate in
high concentrations, moderately abrasive particulate in low
and moderate concentrations, and highly abrasive particulate
in low concentrations, such as alfalfa, asphalt, plaster, gypsum and salt.
Outdoor opening: A door, window, louver or skylight openable
to the outside atmosphere (see Section M-30S.0).
Return air: Air removed from a space and recirculated or
exhausted.
Return air system: An assembly of connected ducts, plenums,
fittings, registers and grilles through which air from the space
or spaces to be heated or cooled is conducted back to the
supply unit (see also "Supply air system").
Supply air: That air delivered to each or any space in the system
or the total air delivered to all spaces in the system, which is

provided for ventilating, heating, cooling, humidification,

dehumidification and other similar purposes.
Supply air system: An assembly of connected ducts, plenums,
fittings, registers and grilles through which air, heated or
cooled, is conducted from the supply unit to the space or
spaces to be heated or cooled (see also "Return air system").
SECTION M-303.0 PLENUMS

M-303.1 General: A plenum is an enclosed portion of the

building structure which is designed to allow air movement, and
thereby serve as part of an air distribution system. Supply, return,
exhaust, relief and ventilation air plenums shall be limited to
uninhabited crawl spaces, areas above a ceiling or below the
floor, attic spaces and mechanical equipment rooms. Plenums
shall be limited to one fire area. Fuel-fired equipment shall not
be installed within a plenum.
M-303.1.1 Construction: In buildings of Type I or 2 construction, all plenums shall be noncombustible and shall
comply with Section M-303.2. In buildings of Type 3, 4 or 5
construction, noncombustible plenums in accordance with
Section M-303.2, combustible plenums in accordance with
Section M-303.3, and stud and joist space plenums in accordance with Section M-303.4 shall be permitted.
M-303.1.2 Air movement in egress elements: Exits and exit
access corridors shall not serve as supply or return air ducts
or plenums.
Exceptions
1. The restriction on the utilization of the space between the corridor ceiling and the floor or roof
structure above as a return air plenum shall not apply
where the corridor is not required to be of fireresistance rated construction or is separated from the
plenum by fireresistance rated construction or is
located within a dwelling unit.
2. Within a tenant space that is 1,000 square feet (93
m 2) or less in area in occupancies in Use Group B,
this restriction shall not apply to exit access corridors.
M-303.1.3 Flood hazard: For structures located in a floodhazard zone (A Zone) or a high -hazard zone (V Zone), p len um
spaces shall either be placed above the base flood elevation
or protected so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the plenum space during floods up to the
base flood elevation.

13

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-303.2 Noncombustible plenums: Plenums shall be constructed with noncomhustihle material in accordance with the
building code listed in Chapter 21. Comhustihle material shall
not be exposed within a plenum except as permitted in Sections
M-303.2.l through M-303.2.6.
M303.2.1 Pipe: Pipe shall be noncomhustihle except that
plastic fire sprinkler piping in wet pipe systems shall be
permitted where the piping has a peak optical density not
greater than 0.50, an average optical density not greater than
0.15 and a flame spread of not greater than 5 feet (1524 mm)
when tested in accordance with UL 1887 listed in Chapter 21.
Piping shall bear the lahel of an approved agency.
M-303.2.2 Ceiling
acoustical materials
spread of 25 or less
less when tested in
Chapter 21.

and thermal material: Thermal and

and pipe insulation shall have a flame
and a smoke-developed rating of 50 or
accordance with ASTM E84 listed in

M-303.2.3 Ducts: Rigid or flexible ducts and connectors

shall confonn to Sections M-304.0 and M-305.0.
M-303.2.4 Duct coverings: Duct coverings, linings, tape and
connectors shall conform to Section M-306.0.

Combustible pneumatic tubing shall bear the lahel of an

approved agency.
M-303.3 Combustible plenums: The plenum shall be constructed with approved materials. Comhustihle material, pipe or
wire exposed within the plenum shall be permitted.
M-303.3.1 Size: Comhustible plenums shall be draftstopped
every 3,000 square feet (279 m2 ) in area.
Exception: Plenums shall be limited to one fire area
without draftstopping in buildings equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-303.4 Stud and joist spaces: The space between studs or
joists shall not be utilized as a plenum for supply air. The space
between studs or joists utilized as a plenum for return air shall
not be part of a required fireresistance rated assembly. Air shall
not be removed from more than one floor level. All connections
shall be firestopped and draftstopped in accordance with the
building code listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-304.0 DUCT CONSTRUCTION

M-303.2.S Wire: Wire shall be low-voltage or power-limited

wire or cable. Wire shall have a peak optical density not
greater than 0.50, an average optical density not greater than
0.15 and a flame spread of not greater than 5 feet (1524 mm)
when tested in accordance with UL 910 listed in Chapter 21.
Wire shall bear the lahel of an approved agency and shall be
marked in accordance with NFiPA 70 listed in Chapter 21.

M-304.1 Metallic ducts: Metallic ducts shall conform to the

requirements of UL 181 listed in Chapter 21 for Class 0 or Class
1 rigid air ducts, or shall be constructed with a minimum thickness as specified in Table M-304.1 or the SMACNAHVAC Duct
Construction Standards-Metal and Flexihle listed in Chapter
21. The duct construction shall conform to the requirements of
the SMACNAHVAC Duct Construction Standards-Metal and
Flexible listed in Chapter 21.

M303.2.6 Combustible pneumatic tubing: Comhustihle

pneumatic tubing shall have a peak optical density not greater
than 0.50, an average optical density not greater than 0.15 and
a flame spread of not greater than 5.0 feet (1524 mm) when
tested in accordance with UL 1820 listed in Chapter 21.

M-304.2 Nonmetallic ducts: Nonmetallic ducts shall be constructed with Class or Class I duct material in accordance with
UL 181 listed in Chapter 21. Fibrous duct construction shall
conform to the SMACNA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction
Standards listed in Chapter 21.

Table M-304.1
DUCT CONSTRUCTION MINIMUM SHEET METAL THICKNESSES

RECTANGULAR DUCTS
Maximum side
(inches)a

Steel
(Minimum thickness, nominal)

Through 12
13 through 30
31 through 54
55 through 84
Over 84

0.022 inch (26 Gage,

0.028 inch (24 Ga. ge,
0.034 inch (22 Gage,
0.040 inch (20 Gage,
0.052 inch (18 Gage,

Aluminum
(Minimum thickness, nominal)

Galv.)
Galv.)
Galv.)
Galv.)
Galv.)

0.020 inch (No. 24 B&S Gage)

0.025 inch .(NO .. 22 .B..&. S G. age..
0.032 inch (NQ. 20B&SGage
0.040 inch (No. 1.8 B&S Gage
0.051 inch (No. 16 B&S Gage

ROUND DUCTS
Diameter
(inches)a
Through 12
13 through 18
19 through 28
29 throllgh36
37 through 52
Note a. 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

14

Spiral seam duct

Longitudinal seam duct

Fittings

Steel
(Minimum thickness, nominal)

Steel
(Minimum thickness, nominal)

Steel
(Minimum thickness, nominal)

0.019
0.022
0.028
0.034
0.040

inch
inch
inch
inch
inch

(28 Gage,
~26 Gage,
24 Gage,
!22 Gage,
20 Gage,

Galv.)
Galv.~

Galv.

Galv.~

Galv.

0.022 inch (26 Gage,

0.028 inch ~24 Gage,
0.034 inch 22 Gage,
0.040 inch ~20 c;age,
0.052 inch 18 Gage,

Galv.)
Galv.~

Galv.

Galv.~

Galv.

0.022 inch
0.028 inch
0.034 inch
0.040inch
0.052 inch

(26 Gage, Galv.)

24 Gage~ Galv.~
22 Gage, Galv.
20 Gage, GaIV;~
18 Gage, Galv.

AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

M-304.2.1 Gypsum ducts: Gypsum boards that form

plenums and vertical air shafts (ducts) shall be limited to
dedicated emergency smoke control systems and to return air
systems where the air temperatures do not exceed 125 degrees
F (52 degrees C.) and the gypsum board surface temperature
is maintained above the air stream dew point temperature.
This section shall not be construed to prohibit gypsum return
air duct systems as part of an emergency smoke control
system. While operating in the emergency smoke control
mode, the temperature and humidity limitations of this section shall not apply to such gypsum return air systems. Gypsum return air ducts shall not be incorporated in air-handling
systems utilizing evaporative coolers.
M-304.3 Underground plastic pipe duct and fittings: Plastic
pipe duct shall conform to cell classification 12454-B of ASTM
D 1784 listed in Chapter 21 and external loading properties of
ASTM D2412 listed in Chapter 21. Plastic pipe duct shall be
limited to underground installation with a maximum duct
temperature of 150 degrees F. (66 degrees C.).
M-304.4 Ducts formed by parts of the building structure:
Ducts or plenums shall be of independent construction or shall
be formed by parts of the building structure. Ducts and plenums
shall be of sheet metal or other approved materials similar in
vapor permeability, structural rigidity, air flow friction coefficient, flexibility and combustibility.
M-304.S Low-, medium- and high-pressure systems: Ducts
shall be rated for the pressure of the air distribution system. A
low-pressure system shall be one in which the static pressure in
the duct or plenum is 2 inches water gauge (0.5 kPa) or less. A
medium-pressure system is one in which the static pressure in
the duct or plenum is greater than 2 inches water gauge (0.5 kPa),
up to 6 inches water gauge (1.5 kPa). A high-pressure system is
one in which the static pressure in the duct or plenum is 6 inches
water gauge (1.5 kPa) or greater, up to 10 inches water gauge
(2.5 kPa).
M-304.6 Noncommercial kitchen exhaust duct: Ducts for
noncommercial kitchen exhaust systems shall be of noncombustihle construction.
SECTION M-305.0 flEXIBLE DUCTS AND CONNECTORS

M-30S.1 Flexible ducts: Flexible ducts shall conform to the

requirements of UL 181 listed in Chapter 21 for Class 0 or Class
I flexible air ducts, and shall be so identified.
M-30S.2 Flexible duct connectors: Flexible connectors shall
conform to the requirements of UL 181 listed in Chapter 21 for
Class 0 or Class 1 flexible connectors, and shall be so identified.
M-30S.2.1 Length limited: Flexible connectors shall be
limited in length to 14 feet (4267 mm).
M-30S.3 Penetrations prohibited: Flexible ducts and flexible
connectors shall not pass through any wall, floor, ceiling or
fireresistance rated assembly.
M-30S.4 Air temperature: The temperature of air in flexible
ducts or flexible connectors shall be less than 250 degrees F (121

degrees C.). Flexible ducts and connectors shall be installed with

a minimum clearance to an appliance as specified for the labeled
equipment.
M-30S.S Low-, medium- and high-pressure systems: Flexible
ducts and flexible connectors shall be rated for the pressure of
the air distribution system in accordance with Section M-304.5.
SECTION M-306.0 DUCT COVERINGS, LININGS,
TAPE AND VIBRATION ISOLATION CONNECTORS

M-306.1 Material requirements: In all occupancies except

occupancies in Use Group R-3, duct coverings, duct linings,
panels utilized in duct systems, duct tape and vibration isolation
connectors shall have a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a
smoke-developed rating of 50 or less when tested in accordance
with ASTM E84listed in Chapter 21. Duct coverings and linings
shall be rated for the design temperatures of the air distribution
system.
M-306.1.1 Hot surface performance: Duct coverings and
linings shall not flame, glow, smolder or smoke when tested
at their rated temperatures in accordance with ASTM C411
listed in Chapter 21. The temperature of the test shall not be
less than 250 degrees F (121 degrees C.).
M-306.2 Interruption of duct coverings and linings: Duct
coverings shall not penetrate fireresistance rated enclosures nor
penetrations required to be firestopped. Duct linings shall be
interrupted at/ire dampers and fire doors. Service openings shall
not be concealed by duct coverings or linings.
M-306.3 Insulation required: Ducts exposed to nonconditioned spaces shaH be insulated to provide a thermal resistance
(R), excluding film resistances, of
ti - to

R = -1-5- (hr.)(ft. )(degrees F)/Btu

where ti-to is the design temperature differential between the air
in the duct and the surrounding air in degrees Fahrenheit.
Exception: Duct insulation is not required in any of the
following cases:
1. Where ti-to is 25 degrees F. (14 degrees C.) or less.
2. Where the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation, will not increase the energy requirements of the
building.
3. Exhaust air ducts.
4. Supply or return air ducts instaIled in basements, cellars
or unventilated crawl spaces having insulated walls in
occupancies in Use Group R-3.
M-306.3.1 Labeling: Duct insulation shaH be labeled by the
manufacturer. The label shall indicate the insulating value,
the flame spread rating and the smoke-developed rating.
M-306.3.2 Residential attic temperatures: In occupancies
in Use Group R with uninsulated roofs over attics containing
ducts, the required duct insulation shaH be determined based
on the air temperatures shown in Table M-306.3.2.

15

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-306.3.2
RESIDENTIAL ATTIC TEMPERATURES
Degrees F.a

Roof slope
Summer conditions
5 in 12 and up
3 in 12 to 5 in 12
Less than 3 in 12
Winter conditions
All slopes

130
140
150
10 degrees F.
above outdoor design temperature

M-307.7 Visual duct openings: Duct openings in bathrooms,

toilet rooms and changing rooms shall prevent visual observation
from adjoining rooms.
M-307.S Capped openings: All duct openings shall be capped
during construction.
M-307.9 Condensation: Provisions shall be made to prevent the
formation of condensation on the exterior of any duct.
SECTION M-30B.O OUTSIDE AIR EXHAUST AND INTAKE OPENINGS

Note a. Degrees C. = [(degrees F)- 32J/1.8.

SECTION M-307.0 DUCT INSTALLATION

M-307.1 General: An air distribution system shall be designed

and installed to supply the required distribution of air. The
installation of an air distribution system shall not affect the fire
protection requirements specified in the building code listed in
Chapter 21.
M-307.1.1 Cutting or notching: A structural member shall
not be cut, notched or pierced in excess of the limitations
specified in the building code listed in Chapter 21, unless
proven safe by a structural analysis.
M-307.2 Joints: All joints in a duct system shall be made tight.
M-307.3 Supports: Ducts shall be supported with approved
hangers at intervals not exceeding 10 feet (3048 mm) or by other
approved duct support systems designed in accordance with the
building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-307.4 Underground ducts: Ducts shall be rated for underground installation. Metallic ducts not having an approved
protective coating shall be completely encased in a minimum of
2 inches (51 mm) of concrete. Metallic ducts having an approved
protective coating and nonmetallic ducts shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
M-307.4.1 Flood hazard: All underground ducts located in
a flood-hazard zone (A Zone) or a high-hazard zone (V Zone)
shall be capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic
loads and stresses, including the effects of buoyancy, during
the occurrence of flooding to the base flood elevation.
M-307.S Furnace connections: Ducts connecting to a heat
exchanger shall have a clearance to combustibles in accordance
with the furnace manufacturer's installation instructions.
M-307.6 Registers, grilles and diffusers: Duct registers, grilles
and diffusers shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions. Supply air duct
registers, grilles and diffusers shall have a volume adjustment.
M-307.6.1 Nonmetallic registers: Nonmetallic register
material shall conform to the requirements of UL 94 listed in
Chapter 21, for Class 94 V-O or 94 V-I material. Registers
shall resist without structural failure a 200-pound (890 N)
concentrated load on a 2-inch (51 mm) diameter disc applied
to the most critical area of the exposed face. The register shall
be tested at a temperature not less than 165 degrees F. (74
degrees C.) and shall be supported in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

16

M-30S.1 Location: Outside air exhaust and intake openings

shall be located a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot lines
or buildings on the same lot. Where openings front on a street or
public way, the distance shall be measured to the centerline of
the street or public way.
Exception: Use Group R-3.
M-30S.1.1 Intake openings: Mechanical and gravity outside
air intake openings shall be located a minimum of 10 feet
(3048 mm) from any hazard or noxious contaminant such as
vents, chimneys, plumbing vents, streets, alleys, parking lots
and loading docks except as otherwise specified in this code.
Where a source of contaminant is located within 10 feet (3048
mm) of an intake opening, such opening shall be located a
minimum of 2 feet (6\ 0 mm) below the contaminant source.
M-30S.1.2 Exhaust openings: Outside exhaust openings
shall be located so as not to create a nuisance. Exhaust air
shall not be directed onto walkways.
M-30S.1.2.1 Kitchen exhaust: Commercial kitchen exhaust terminations shall conform to the requirements of
Sections M-506.7 through M-506.7.2.
M-30S.2 Opening protection: Outside air exhaust and intake
openings shall be protected with corrosion-resistant screens,
louvers or grilles. Openings shall be protected against all local
weather conditions.
SECTION M-309.0 SYSTEMS CONTROL

M-309.1 Controls required: Air distribution systems shall be

equipped with smoke detectors labeled for installation in air
distribution systems, as required by this section.
M-309.2 Where required: Smoke detectors shall be installed
where indicated in Sections M-309.2.l through M-309.2.2.1.
M-309.2.1 Supply air systems: Smoke detectors shall be
installed in supply air systems with a design capacity greater
than 2,000 cubic feet per minute (cfm) (0.94 m 3/s),
downstream of the air fil ters and ahead of any branch connections.
M-309.2.2 Return air systems: Smoke detectors shall be
installed in return air systems with a design capacity greater
than 15,000 cfm (7.08 m3/s), in the return air duct or plenum
upstream of any filters, exhaust air connections, outdoor air
connections, or decontamination equipment. Systems that
exhaust greater than 50 percent of the supply air shall have
smoke detectors in both the return and exhaust air ducts or
plenums.

AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Exception: Smoke detectors are not required in the return

air system where the space served by the air distribution
system is protected by a system of area smoke detectors in
accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-309.2.2.1 Return risers: Smoke detectors shall be
installed at each story, upstream of the connection between
a return riser serving two or more stories, and air ducts or
plenums in return air systems with a design capacity
greater than 15,000 cfm (7.08 m 3/s).
M-309.3 Installation: Smoke detectors required by this section
shall be installed in accordance with NFiPA 72E listed in Chapter
21. Access shall be provided to smoke detectors for inspection
and maintenance.
M-309.4 Controls operation: Upon activation, the smoke
detectors shall shutdown the air distribution system. Airdistribution systems that are part of a smoke control system shall switch
to the smoke control mode upon activation of a detector.
M-309.4.1 Supervision: The smoke detectors shall be connected to a fire protective signaling system. The actuation of
a smoke detector shall activate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location.
Exceptions
1. The supervisory signal at a constantly attended location is not required where the smoke detector activates the building's alarm-indicating appliances.
2. In occupancies not required to be equipped with a
fire protective signaling system, actuation of a
smoke detector shall activate a visible and an
audible signal in an approved location. Smoke
detector trouble conditions shall activate a visible or
audible signal in an approved location and shall be
identified as air duct detector trouble.
SECTION M-310.0 FILTERS

M-310.1 Approval: Except for occupancies in Use Groups R-2

and R-3, air filters shall bear the label of an approved agency. In
occupancies in Use Groups R-2 and R-3, air filters shall be
designed for the intended installation.
M-310.2 Location: Access to filters shall be provided. Filters
shall be installed so as to be readily removable.
M-310.3 Air flow over the filter: Ducts shall be constructed to
allow an even distribution of air over the entire filter.

SECTION M-311.0 HAZARDOUS EXHAUST SYSTEMS

M-311.1 General: The provisions of this section shall govern

the construction of a duct system for hazardous exhaust. Hazardous exhaust systems shall include the removal of flammable
vapors, spray-painting residue, corrosive fumes, dust and stock.
M-311.2 Independent system: Hazardous exhaust systems
shall be independent of other exhaust systems. Hazardous exhaust systems shall not share common shafts with other duct
systems, except where such systems are hazardous exhaust systems originating in the same fire area.
M-311.3 Penetrations: Penetrations of structure elements by a
hazardous exhaust system shall conform to Sections M-311.3.1
through M-311.3.4.
M-311.3.1 Floors: Hazardous exhaust systems that penetrate
a floor level shall be enclosed in a fireresistance rated shaft
in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-311.3.2 Fire separation assemblies: Hazardous exhaust
duct systems that penetrate fire separation assemblies shall be
enclosed in fireresistance rated construction from the penetration of the first fireresistance rated assembly to the outside
exhaust opening, except where an approved automatic fire
suppression system protects the interior of the ducts. The
fireresistance rating of the enclosure required by this section
shall not be less than the fireresistance rating of the highest
fireresistance rated fire separation assembly penetrated.
M-311.3.3 Fire walls: Ducts shall not penetrate a fire wall.
M-311.3.4 Fire dampers: Fire dampers are not required at
penetrations of fireresistance rated assemblies.
M-311.4 Suppression required: Ducts shall be protected with
an approved automatic fire suppression system installed in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.
Exception: An approved automatic fire suppression system
shall not be required in ducts conveying materials, fumes,
mists and vapors which are nonflammable and noncombustible.
M-311.S Equipment in air stream: Fans and mechanical equipment shall not be located within the air stream unless specifically
approved for such installation.
M-311.6 Duct construction: Ducts shall be constructed of G90
galvanized sheet steel in accordance with ASTM A525 listed in
Chapter 21, with a minimum nominal thickness as specified in
Table M-31 1.6.

Table M-311.6
MINIMUM DUCT THICKNESS
Diameter of duct or maximum side
dimension
0-8 inchesa

~(.1.8.il1che.sa

(t9~.30.inches~

Over 30 inches a

Minimum nominal thickness

Nonabrasive materials
0.028 inch
0.034 inch
0.040inch
0.052 inch

No. 24 Gage~
No. 22 Gage
No .. 20 Gag~~
No. 18 Gage

Nonabrasive/abrasive materials

Gag'l

0.034 ;nchfo. 22
0.040. inch No. 20 Gage
0.052 inch No. 18 Gage
0.064 inch No. 16 Gage

Abrasive materials

0.040 ;nch

F'O Gag'l

0.052 inch No. 18 Gage

0.064 inch No. 16 Gage~
0.079 inch No. 14 Gage

Nole a. 1 Inch = 25.4 mm.

17

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-3H.6.1 Alternative materials: Where the products being

exhausted are detrimental to the duct material required in
Section M-3 J 1.6, ducts shall be constructed of alternative
materials that are compatible with the exhaust.
M-3H.6.2 Duct joints: Ducts shall be made tight with lap
joints having a minimum lap of I inch (25 mm).
M-3U.6.3 Clearance to combustibles: Ducts shall have a
clearance to combustibles in accordance with Table M311.6.3. Exhaust gases having temperatures in excess of 600
degrees F. (316 degrees C.) shall be exhausted to a chimney
in accordance with Chapter 12.
Table M-311.6.3
CLEARANCE TO COMBUSTIBLES
Type of exhaust or temperature of
exhaust (degrees F)a

Clearance to combustibles
(inches)a

Less than 100

100 - 600
Flammable vapors

1
12
6

Note a. Degrees C. = [(degrees F.)- 32]11.8; 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

M-311.6.4 Explosion relief: Systems exhausting explosive

mixtures shall be protected with an approved explosion relief
system. The explosion relief system shall be designed to
minimize the structural and mechanical damage resulting
from an explosion or deflagration within the exhaust system.
M-3H.7 Nonmetallic ducts: Nonmetallic ducts utilized in systems exhausting nonflammable corrosive fumes or vapors shall
bear the label of an approved agency.
M-3H.7.1 Class I ducts: Nonmetallic ducts shall have a
flame spread rating of 25 or less. Ducts shall be approved for
installation in such an exhaust system.
M-3H.8 Supports: Ducts shall be supported at intervals not
exceeding 10 feet (3048 mm). Supports shall be constructed of
noncombustihle material.
SECTION M-312.0 CLOTHES DRYER EXHAUST

M-312.1 Installation: Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Dryer vent
systems shall be independent of all other systems and shall
convey the products of combustion and moisture to the outside.
M-312.2 Vent size: The minimum diameter of the vent shall be
as specified by the manufacturer but not less than the diameter
of the appliance outlet.
M-312.3 Cleanout: Each vertical riser shall be provided with a
means for cleanout.
M-312.4 Vent materials: Dryer vent materials shall be of galvanized steel or aluminum of the thickness specified in Table
M-304.1, or of flexible exhaust duct material.
M-312.S Flexible ducts: Flexible ducts, where installed, shall
be installed in accordance with the clothes dryer manufacturer's
installation instructions. Flexible ducts that vent clothes dryers
shall not penetrate or be located within any firestopping,
draftstopping or any wall, floor!ceiling or other assembly required by the building code listed in Chapter 21 to be fireresistance rated, unless such duct is constructed of galvanized steel or

18

aluminum of the thickness specified in Table M-304.1 and the

fireresistance rating is maintained in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-312.6 Commercial or multiple installations: Vent systems
for commercial or multiple-dryer installations shall conform to
the requirements of Sections M-312.6.1 through M-312.6.3.
M-312.6.1 Makeup air: Installations exhausting more than
200 cubic feet per minute (0.09 m3/s) shall be provided with
makeup air.
M-312.6.2 Exhaust fan motors: Exhaust fan motors installed in vent systems shall be located outside of the air
stream.
M-312.6.3 Interlock: In multiple installations, the fan shall
operate continuously or be interlocked to operate when any
individual unit is operating.
SECTION M-313.0 FIRE DAMPERS

M-313.1 Approval: Fire dampers shall comply with the requirements of UL 555 listed in Chapter 21, and shall bear the lahel of
an approved testing agency. Fire dampers shall be classified and
identified in accordance with UL 555. Fire dampers installed in
systems that continue to operate when smoke or heat from a fire
is detected shall be labeled for installation in dynamic systems
as required by UL 555.
M-313.2 Where required: Fire dampers shall be provided at
locations required by the building code listed in Chapter 21
where air distribution systems penetrate assemblies that are
required to be fireresistance rated. Where the installation of afire
damper will interfere with the operation of a required smoke
control system or the operation of an exhaust system conveying
hazardous materials in accordance with Section M-311.0, approved alternative protection shall be utilized.
M-313.2.1 Smoke damper: The fire damper shall not be
utilized as a smoke damper unless the location lends itself to
the dual purpose.
M-313.3 Installation: Fire dampers shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
M-313.4 Access: Access shall be provided to fire dampers for
inspection and servicing.
SECTION M-314.0 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS

M-314.1 General: Smoke control systems shall be installed as

required by the building code listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-315.0 DUST, STOCK AND REFUSE CONVEYOR SYSTEMS

M-31S.1 Dust, stock and refuse conveyor systems: Dust, stock

and refuse conveyor systems shall comply with the provisions
of Section M-311.0 and Sections M-315.1.l through M315.1.6.2.
M-31S.1.1 Power transmission: Power for fans located in
rooms from which flammable dust is being removed shall be
transmitted by means of a shaft passing through a bushed
hole, or by a belt, chain or similar driving mechanism which
is encased in a metal or other noncombustible dust-tight
enclosure, both inside and outside the room.

AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

M-31S.1.2 Collectors and separators: Cyclone collectors

and separators and associated supports shall be constructed
of noncombustihle materials and shall be located on the
exterior of the building or structure. A collector or separator
shall not be located nearer than 10 feet (3048 mm) to combustible construction or to an unprotected wall or floor opening, unless the collector is provided with a metal vent pipe
that extends above the highest part of any roof within a
distance of 30 feet (9144 mm).
M-31S.1.3 Discharge pipe: Discharge pipe shall conform to
the requirements for ducts, including clearances required for
high-heat appliances, as contained in this code. A delivery
pipe from a cyclone collector shall not convey refuse directly
into the firebox of a hoiler, furnace, dutch oven, refuse burner,
incinerator or other appliance.
M-31S.1.4 Vents for exhaust conveyor systems: An exhaust
system shall be vented to the outside of the building either
directly by flue, or indirectly through the separator, bin or
vault into which the system discharges.
M-31S.l.S Spark protection: The outlet of an open air vent
shall be protected with an approved metal or other noncomhustihle screen or by other approved means to prevent the
entry of sparks.
M-31S.1.6 Explosion relief vents: A safety or explosion
relief vent shall be provided on all systems that convey
combustible refuse or stock of an explosive nature, in accordance with the requirements of Section 417.5.1 of the building
code listed in Chapter 21.
M-31S.1.6.1 Screens: Where a screen is installed in a
safety relief vent, the screen shall be so attached as to
permit ready release under the explosion pressure.
M-31S.1.6.2 Hoods: The relief vent shall be provided with
an approved noncombustible cowl or hood, or with a
counterbalanced relief valve or cover arranged to prevent
the escape of hazardous materials, gases or liquids.

19

CHAPTER 4
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

SECTION M-401.0 GENERAL

SECTION M-403.0 EQUIPMENT APPROVAL

M-401.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the approval and

installation of all mechanical equipment and appliances.

M-403.1 Labeling: All mechanical equipment and appliances

regulated by this code shall bear the lahel of an approved agency
unless otherwise approved in accordance with Section M-I 07.0.

SECTION M-402.0 IJEFINITIONS

M-402.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code, have
the meanings shown herein.
Appliance (mechanical): A device or apparatus - including
any attachments or apparatus designed to be attached which is manufactured and designed to utilize electricity,
natural gas, manufactured gas, mixed gas, liquefied
petroleum products, solid fuel, oil or any gas as a fuel for
heating, cooling or developing light or power.
Appliance, approved: An appliance accepted or acceptable
under an applicable nationally recognized standard accepted
as suitable for the proposed application under procedures and
powers of the administrative authority, or accepted by an
approved testing or inspection agency.
Boiler room: A room primarily utilized for the installation of a
hailer.
Furnace: A completely self-contained heating unit that is
designed to supply heated air to spaces remote from or adjacent to the appliance location.

Furnace room: A room primarily utilized for the installation of

fuel-fired heating equipment other than boilers (see also
"Boiler room").
Hazardous location: Any location considered to be a fire hazard
for flammable vapors, dust, combustible fibers or other highly
comhustihle substances. The location is not necessarily
categorized in the building code listed in Chapter 21 as a
high-hazard use group classification.
Label: A plate, tag or other device which is permanently and
prominently affixed to a product or material indicating that
the product or material has been tested and evaluated by an
approved agency (see Section M-404.0).
Rating input: The amount of gas fuel in British thermal units
per hour (Btuh) that the appliance is capable of burning
safely.
Rating output: The amount of heat in British thermal units per
hour (Btuh) that an appliance will deliver for useful service
when operating at rating input.

M-403.2 Hazardous location: All mechanical equipment and

appliances to be utilized in a hazardous location shall be approved.
M-403.3 Fuel conversion: Mechanical equipment and appliances shall not be converted for the usage of a different fuel,
except where approved and converted in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
SECTION M-404.0 LABELING

M-404.1 Testing: An approved agency shall test a representative

sample of the mechanical equipment or appliance being labeled
to the standard or standards pertinent to that equipment or
appliance. The approved agency shall maintain a record of all
tests performed. The records shall provide sufficient detail to
verify compliance with the test standard.
M-404.1.1 Inspection and labeling: The approved agency
shall periodically perform an in-plant inspection of the
mechanical equipment or appliance that is to be laheled. The
inspection shall confirm that the laheled mechanical equipment or appliance is representative of the equipment or
appliance tested.
M-404.2 Agency requirements: An approved agency shall conform to the requirements of Sections M-404.2.1 through M404.2.3.
M-404.2.1 Approval: The agency to be approved shall be
objective and competent. The agency shall also disclose all
possible conflicts of interest in order to confirm objectivity
of the agency.
M-404.2.2 Equipment: An approved agency shall have adequate equipment to perform all required tests. The equipment
shall be calibrated periodically.
M-404.2.3 Personnel: An approved agency shall employ
experienced personnel educated in conducting, supervising
and evaluating tests.
M-404.3 Label information: The lahel shall be a metal plate,
tag or other device permanently and prominently affixed to the
mechanical equipment or appliance. The information on the
lahel shall include, but not be limited to, the manufacturer's or

21

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

distributor's identification, the model number, the serial number

and the approved agency's identification.
M-404.3.1 Fuel, ratings and clearances: The label for fuelburning appliances shall also indicate the type of fuel for
which the appliance has been tested, the input and output
ratings, and the clearance to combustibles.
M-404.4 Operating instructions: Operating instructions shall
be permanently and prominently affixed to each appliance or
shall be shipped with the equipment. The instructions shall
indicate ignition procedures, operating instructions, owner
maintenance and shutdown procedures.
SECTION M-405.0 EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION

M-40S.1 General: Mechanical equipment and appliances shall

be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions for the labeled equipment. Connections to mechanical equipment and appliances, such as fuel supply, electrical,
hydronic piping, chimney or vent, and ducts, shall conform to
the requirements of this code.
M-40S.2 Seismic supports: Where earthquake loads are applicable in accordance with Sections 1612.1 and 1612.6 of the
building code listed in Chapter 21, mechanical equipment,
piping and duct supports shall be designed and installed for
seismic forces in accordance with the building code listed in
Chapter 21.
M-40S.3 Access: Access shall be provided to all mechanical
equipment, appliances, appliance controls, gauges, burners, filters, blowers and motors.
M-40S,4 Clearance: Appliances shall be installed with the
minimum clearances to combustibles for which the appliance
has been tested as specified by the manufacturer.
M-40S.S Floor: Appliances shall be installed on combustihle or
noncombustible flooring in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions and the terms of labeling. Anoncombustible floor, where required, shall extend a minimum of 12 inches
(305 mm) beyond the sides of the appliance. The noncombustible floor shall extend a minimum of36 inches (914 mm) on the
burner side or combustion chamber opening side.
M-40S.6 Remote location: A walkway having a minimum width
of24 inches (610 mm) shall be provided, leading from the access
opening to the appliance where an appliance is installed in a
remote location.
SECTION M-406.0 HAZARDOUS LOCATION INSTALLATION

M-406.1 General: Mechanical equipment and appliances approved for installation in a hazardous location shaH be installed
in accordance with this section, Section M-405.0 and the
manufacturer's installation instructions for the labeled equipment.
M-406.2 Height above floor: The combustion chamber of fuelburning appliances shall be installed a minimum of 18 inches
(457 mm) above the floor, or higher where required by the
manufacturer.

22

M-406.3 Motor vehicle areas: Appliances located in motor

vehicle areas shall be installed in accordance with Sections
M-406.3.1 through M-406.3.3.
M-406.3.1 Public garages: Appliances located in public
garages, service stations, repair garages or other areas frequented by motor vehicles, shall be installed a minimum of 8
feet (2438 mm) above the floor. Where motor vehicles exceed
6 feet (1829 mm) in height and are capable of passing under
an appliance, appliances shall be installed a minimum of 2
feet (61 0 mm) higher above the floor than the highest vehicle.
M-406.3.2 Private garages: Appliances located in private
garages shall be installed with a minimum clearance of 6 feet
(1829 mm) above the floor.
M-406.3.3 Protection alternative: Appliances protected
from motor vehicle impact shall be installed in accordance
with Section M-406.2 and NFiPA 88B listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-407.0 OUTDOOR INSTALLATION

M-407.1 Approval: Mechanical equipment and appliances located outdoors shall be approved for outdoor installation.
Mechanical equipment and appliances installed outdoors shall
conform to the requirements of Section M-405.0 and this section.
M-407.2 Guards: Guards shall be provided where appliances,
equipment, fans or other components that require service are
located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a roof edge or open side
with a drop greater than 24 inches (61Omm). The top of the guard
shall be located 42 inches (1067 mm) above the surface and shall
be constructed so as to prevent the passage of a 21-inch-diameter
(533 mm) sphere.
M-407.3 Access: Access shall be possible under all weather
conditions.
SECTION M-40B.O BOILER ROOMS AND FURNACE ROOMS

M-40S.1 Construction and protection: Boiler rooms and furnace rooms shall be enclosed, or shall be protected with an
approved automatic fire suppression system, or both, as required
by the building code listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-409.0 ELECTRIC INSTALLATION

M-409.1 Standard: All wiring and electrical controls shall be

installed in accordance with NFiPA 70 listed in Chapter 21.
M-409.2 Convenience outlet: A 125-volt AC grounding-type
receptacle outlet shall be available for all appliances. The convenience outlet shall be located on the same level within 75 feet
(22860 mm) of the appliance. The outlet shall not be connected
to the load side of the appliance disconnect switch.
M-409.3 Lighting: Permanent lighting shall be provided to
illuminate the area in which an appliance is located. For remote
locations, the light switch shall be located near the access opening leading to the appliance.
Exception: Outdoor installations are not required to be
provided with permanent lighting.

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

SECTION M-410.0 ENERGY-SAVING DEVICES

M-410.1 General: Energy-saving devices shall bear the label of

an approved agency. The devices shall be installed in accordance
with the approval and the manufacturer's installation instructions.

23

CHAPTERS
KITCHEN EXHAUST EQUIPMENT

SECTION M-501.0 GENERAL

SECTION M504.0 COMMERCIAL HOOD DESIGN

M-501.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the construction,

installation, alteration and repair of all kitchen exhaust equipment.

M-S04.1 Vapor confinement: The commercial hood system

shall be designed to confine cooking vapors and residues within
the hood.

SECTION M-502.0 WHERE REQUIRED

M-502.1 Commercial cooking appliances: A commercial exhaust hood shall be provided for each commercial cooking
appliance.
Exceptions
I. An appliance located within a dwelling unit and not
utilized for commercial purposes.
2. Completely enclosed ovens.
3. Steam tables.
4. Auxiliary cooking equipment that does not produce
grease-laden vapors, including toasters, coffee makers
and egg cookers.
M-502.2 Domestic cooking appliances: Domestic cooking appliances utilized for commercial purposes shall be provided with
a commercial exhaust hood. Domestic cooking appliances utilized for noncommercial purposes shall be provided with venti lafirm in accordance with Chapter 16.
Exception: Completely enclosed ovens.
SECTION M-503.0 FACTORY-BUILT COMMERCIAL
HOODS AND DUCTS

M-S03.1 Approval of hoods: Factory-built commercial exhaust

hoods tested in accordance with UL 71 0 listed in Chapter 21, and
bearing the label of an approved agency, shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for the labeled
equipment. The exhaust hood shall be designed for the type of
cooking appliance provided, and shall conform to Section M504.1.
M-S03.2 Other type hoods: Factory-built commercial exhaust
hoods that are not tested in accordance with UL 710 listed in
Chapter 21 shall conform to all of the requirements in this
chapter for commercial exhaust hoods.
M-S03.3 Approval of ducts: Ducts bearing the label of an
approved agency shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions for the labeled duct. Ducts shall be
designed for the type of cooking appliance and the hoods served.

M-S04.2 Hood construction: The hood and other parts of the

primary collection system shall be constructed of steel or stainless steel. The minimum nominal thickness of steel shall be 0.048
inch (No. 18 Manufacturers Standard Gage). The minimum
nominal thickness of stainless steel shall be 0.037 inch (No. 20
U.S. Standard Gage).
M-S04.2.1 Joints: All external joints and seams shall be
welded liquid tight.
M-S04.2.2 Interior surfaces: The interior surfaces of the
hood shall not have any areas that accumulate grease.
Exception: Grease collection systems under filters and
troughs on the perimeter of canopy hoods.
M-S04.3 Canopy hoods: Canopy hoods shall be designed to
cover completely the cooking equipment. The edge of the hood
shall extend a minimum horizontal distance of 6 inches (152
mm) beyond the edge of the cooking surface on all open sides.
M-S04.4 Noncanopy-type hoods: Hoods of the noncanopy type
shall be located a maximum of 3 feet (914 mm) above the
cooking surface. The edge of the hood shall be set back a
maximum of I foot (305 mm) from the edge of the cooking
surface.
M-S04.S Hood exhaust: The hood exhaust shall create a draft
from the cooking surface into the hood.
M-S04.S.1 Quantity of exhaust: Canopy hoods attached to
the wall shall exhaust a minimum of 100 cubic feet per minute
(cfm) per square foot (0.50 mO/s . m2) of the hood area. Canopy
hoods exposed on all sides shall exhaust a minimum of ISO
dm per square foot (0.75 mO/s . m2 ) of hood area. Hoods of
the noncanopy type shall exhaust a minimum of 300 cfm per
lineal foot (0.46 m3/s . m) of cooking surface. The minimum
quantity of exhaust shall only be reduced where tests indicate
conformance to Section M-504.1.
M-S04.S.2 Makeup air: Makeup air shall be supplied during
the operation of the kitchen exhaust system. The amount of
makeup air shall be approximately equal to the amount of
exhaust air. The makeup air shall not reduce the effectiveness
of the exhaust system.
The temperature differential between makeup air and air in

25

HIE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

the conditioned space shall not exceed 10 degrees F. (5.5

degrees C.).

minimum nominal thickness of stainless steel shall be 0.050 inch

(No. 18 U.S. Standard Gage).

Exceptions
I. Makeup air that is part of the air conditioning system.
2. Makeup air that does not decrease the comfort conditions of the occupied space.

M-506.2.1 Joints: All external joints and seams shall be

welded liquid tight. Duct connections to the hood shall be
welded liquid tight.

SECTION M-505.0 GREASE REMOVAL

M-SOS.l General: The air exhausted in every commercial exhaust hood shall pass through grease filters or a grease removal
device.
M-SOS.2 Removal device: Grease removal devices shall bear
the lahel of an approved agency, and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for the laheled equipment.
M-SOS.3 Filters: Grease filters shall bear the lahel of an approved agency. Access shall be provided to all grease filters.
M-S05.3.1 Angle offilter: Grease filters shall be installed at
a minimum angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal.
The filters shall be arranged so as to capture and drain grease
to a point of collection.
M-505.3.2 Height above cooking surfaces: Grease filters
shall be installed a minimum height above the cooking surface as specified in Table M-505.3.2.

Exception: With cooking devices without exposed flame

and where flue gases bypass filters, filters shall be installed
at an effective height of not less than 6 inches (152 mm)
above cooking surfaces.
Table M-505.3.2
HEIGHT OF GREASE FILTERS
Type of cooking equipment
Without exposed flame
Exposed flame
Charcoal burning

Height above cooking surface a

21;2 feet
31;2 feet
4 feet

Note a. 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

M-SOS.3.3 Size: Grease filters shall have a minimum area of

I square inch (645 mm 2) for every 2 cubic feet per minute
(.0009 m 3/s) of air exhausted.

Exception: Filters and grease extractors which are of such

size, type and arrangement as to permit the required quantity of air to pass through such units at rates not exceeding
those for which the filter or unit was designed and approved shall be acceptable.
SECTION M-506.0 COMMERCIAL DUCT SYSTEMS

M-S06.1 Duct design: The duct system shall be an independent

system designed for the removal of kitchen exhaust without any
obstructions that are capable of collecting grease or residue. A
point of collection shall be provided at the base of each vertical
rise.
M-506.2 Duct construction: The ducts shall be constructed of
steel or stainless steel. The minimum nominal thickness of steel
shall be 0.060 inch (No. 16 Manufacturers Standard Gage). The

26

Exception: Joints that bear the lahel of an approved agency and which connect the hood to the duct are not required
to be welded liquid tight.
M-506.3 Air velocity: The air velocity in the duct shall be a
minimum of 1,500 feet per minute (7620 mm/s) and a maximum
of 2,200 feet per minute (11176 mm/s).
M-506.4 Enclosed in shaft: Ducts that penetrate a floor, wall or
fireresistance rated assembly shall be enclosed in a fireresistance
rated shaft in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter
21. A minimum clearance of 6 inches (152 mm) shall be maintained between the shaft and the duct. Access openings shall be
provided at c1eanout points.
M-S06.S Horizontal cleanouts: Cleanouts shall be located on
horizontal sections of ducts spaced not more than 20 feet (6096
mm) apart. The c1eanouts shall be located on the side ofthe duct
having a minimum opening dimension of 12 inches (305 mm)
or on the width of the duct where less than 12 inches (305 mm).
M-506.6 Fan motor: The motor to an exhaust fan shall be
located outside the exhaust air stream.
M-S06.7 Duct termination: Ducts shall exhaust to the outdoors.
The location of the system termination shall conform to the
requirements of Section M-308.0 and shall be a minimum of 10
feet (3048 mm) above the adjoining finished ground level. The
discharge shall direct exhaust away from the building.
M-506.7.1 Termination above the roof: Ducts that terminate above the roof shall have the discharge located a
minimum of 40 inches (1016 mm) above the roof surface.
M-506.7.2 Termination through an exterior wall: The exterior wall in which a duct tenninates shall be noncomhustihle
in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.
Other exterior openings shall not be located within 3 feet (914
mm) of the duct termination.
M-506.S Cutting or notching: A structural member shall not be
cut, notched or pierced in excess of the limitations specified in
the building code listed in Chapter 21, unless proven safe by a
structural analysis.
SECTION M-507.0 CLEARANCE IN COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS

M-507.1 General: Commercial exhaust system hoods and ducts

shall have a minimum clearance of 18 inches (457 mm) to
combustible materials. For the purposes of this section, "combustible materials" shall be as defined in the building code listed
in Chapter 21. Exposed surfaces within 18 inches (457 mm) of
the cooking surface or hood opening shall be finished with
smooth, readily cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
SECTION M-50B.O SUPPRESSION FOR COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS

M-50S.1 Fire suppression system required: All cooking surfaces, kitchen exhaust systems, grease removal devices and
hoods shall be protected with an approved automatic fire sup-

KITCHEN EXHAUST EQUIPMENT

pression system in accordance with the building code listed in

Chapter 21. The automatic fire suppression system shall bear the
label of an approved agency, and shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

M-SOS.2 System actuation: All fire suppression systems shall

have automatic actuation. All fire suppression systems except
automatic sprinkler systems shall have manual actuation. The
manual actuation shall require a maximum force of 40 pounds
(178 N) and a maximum movement of 14 inches (356 mm) to
actuate the fire suppression system.
M-50S.2.1 Location of manual actuation: A manual actuation station shall be located at or near a means of egress from
the cooking area, a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the
kitchen exhaust system. The actuation device shall be located
a minimum of 4 1;2 feet (1372 mm) and a maximum of 5 feet
(1524 mm) above the floor.
M-SOS.3 System interconnection: The actuation of the fire
suppression system shall automatically shut down the fuel or
electrical supply to the cooking equipment. The fuel and electrical supply reset shall be manual.
M-SOS.4 Nozzles: Access shall be provided to all nozzles in the
fire suppression system.
M-SOS.S System test and inspection: The fire suppression
system shall be tested in accordance with the fire prevention code
listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-509.0 TEST AND CLEANING SCHEDULE

M-S09.1 Cleaning schedule: A cleaning schedule shall be submitted for every commercial kitchen exhaust system. The
schedule shall indicate methods of cleaning and the time interval
between cleanings.
M-S09.2 Test: The code official shall require a full-scale test of
the commercial kitchen exhaust system to determine conformance to this chapter. The test shall simulate the most severe
cooking conditions for the particular installation.

27

CHAPTER 6
BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS

SECTION M-601.0 GENERAL

M-601.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the installation, alteration and repair of water heaters and boilers.

SECTION M-602.0 DEFINITIONS

M-602.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code, have
the meanings shown herein.

Boiler: A closed heating appliance intended to supply hot water

or steam for space heating, processing or power purposes.
Low-pressure boilers operate at pressures less than or equal
to 15 pounds per square inch (103 kPa) for steam and 160
pounds per square inch (1103 kPa) for water. High-pressure
boilers operate at pressures exceeding those pressures.
Pressure relief valve: A pressure-actuated valve held closed by
a spring or other means and designed to relieve pressure
automatically in excess of the device's setting.
Quick-opening valve: A valve that opens completely by fast
action, either manually or automatically controlled. A valve
requiring one-quarter round tum or less is considered to be
quick opening.
Safety valve: A valve that relieves pressure in a steam boiler by
opening fully at the rated discharge pressure. The valve is of
the spring-pop type.
Water heater: Any heating appliance or equipment which heats
potable water and supplies such water to the potable hot water
distribution system.

SECTION M-603.0 WATER HEATERS

M-603.1 General: All water heaters shall be capable of being
removed without first removing a permanent portion of the
building structure. The potable water connections and relief
valves for all water heaters shall conform to the requirements of
the plumbing code listed in Chapter 21.

SECTION M-604.0 BOILER CONNECTIONS

M-604.1 Valves: Every boiler or battery of modular units shall
have a shutoff valve in the supply and return piping. For multiple
boiler or battery of modular unit installations, each boiler or
battery of modular units shall have individual shutoff valves in
the supply and return piping.

Exception: Shutoff valves are not required in a system having

a single low-pressure steam boiler.
M-604.2 Potable water supply: The water supply to all boilers
shall be connected in accordance with the plumbing code listed
in Chapter 21.

SECTION M-605.0 SAFETY AND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

M-60S.1 Safety valve for steam boilers: All steam boilers shall
be protected with a safety valve.
M-60S.2 Pressure relief for hot water boilers: All hot water
boilers shall be protected with a pressure relief valve.
M-60S.3 Approval of safety and relief valves: All safety and
relief valves shall bear the label of an approved agency. Safety
and relief valves shall have a minimum rated capacity for the
equipment served. Pressure relief valves shall be set at a maximum of the nameplate pressure rating of the boiler.
M-60S,4 Installation: Safety or relief valves shall be instal1ed
directly into the safety or relief valve opening on the boiler.
Valves shall not be located on either side of a safety or relief
valve connection. The relief valve shall discharge by gravity.
M-60S.S Safety and relief valve discharge: Safety and relief
valve discharge pipes shall be of rigid pipe that is approved for
the temperature of the system. The discharge pipe shall be the
same diameter as the safety or relief valve outlet.
Safety and relief valves shall not discharge so as to be a hazard,
a potential cause of damage or otherwise a nuisance. High-pressure steam safety valves shal1 be vented to outside the structure.
Where a low-pressure safety valve or a relief valve discharges
to the drainage system, the installation shall conform to the
plumbing code listed in Chapter 21.

SECTION M-606.0 STEAM BOILER EQUALIZING PIPE

M-606.1 Equalizing pipe required: An equalizing pipe shall be
installed between the suppl y header and the return header of each
steam boiler. Valves shall not be installed between the supply
header and the return header so as to isolate the equalizing pipe.
M-606.2 Installation: The size of the equalizing pipe shall
conform to Table M-606.2. A return shall be permitted to connect
to the equalizing pipe.

29

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-606.2
EQUALIZING PIPE SIZE
Minimum safety valve
capacity (pounds per hour)

Equalizing pipe size (inches)

250 or less
251 to 2,000
Greater than 2,000
SECTION M-607.0 BOILER LOW-WATER CUTOFF

M-607.1 General: All steam boilers shall be protected with a

low-water cutoff control. All hot water heating boilers with a
heat input greater than 400,000 British thermal units per hour
shall be protected with a low-water cutoff control. Such controls
shall be installed externally or as an integral part of the boiler.

M-607.2 Operation: The low-water cutoff shall automatically

stop the combustion operation of the equipment when the water
level drops below the lowest safe water level as established by
the manufacturer.
SECTION M-60B.0 STEAM BLOWOFF VALVE

M-60S.1 General: Every steam boiler shall be equipped with a

quick-opening blowoff valve. The valve shall be installed in the
opening provided on the boiler. The minimum size of the valve
shall be the size specified by the boiler manufacturer or the size
of the boiler blowoff-valve opening.
M-60S.2 Discharge: Blowoff valves shall discharge to a safe
place of disposal. Where discharging to the drainage system, the
installation shall conform to the plumbing code listed in Chapter
21.
SECTION M-609.0 HOT WATER BOILER EXPANSION TANK

M-609.1 Where required: An expansion tank shall be installed

in every hot water system. For multiple boiler installations, a
minimum of one expansion tank is required. Expansion tanks
shall be of the closed or open type. Tanks shall be rated for the
pressure of the hot water system.

M-609.2 Closed-type expansion tanks: Closed-type expansion

tanks shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions. The size of the tank shall be based on
the capacity of the hot water heating system. The minimum size
of the tank shall be determined in accordance with the following
equation:
V, =

(0.00041 T -

0.0466) Vs

[;; ) - (~: J

where:
VI

Vs
T

Pa
PI

Pa
30

Minimum volume of tanks (gallons).

Volume of system, not including expansion tanks
(gallons).
Average operating temperature (degrees Fahrenheit).
Atmospheric pressure (pounds per square inch).
Fill pressure (pounds per square inch).
Maximum operating pressure (pounds per square inch).

M609.3 Opentype expansion tanks: Open-type expansion

tanks shall be located a minimum of 4 feet (1219 mm) above the
highest heating element. The tank shall be adequately sized for
the hot water system. An overflow with a minimum diameter of
1 inch shall be installed at the top of the tank. The overflow shall
discharge to the drainage system in accordance with the plumbing code listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-610.0 GAUGES

M-610.1 Hot water boiler gauges: Every hot water boiler shall
have a pressure gauge and a temperature gauge, or a combination
pressure and temperature gauge. The gauges shall indicate the
temperature and pressure within the normal range of the system's
operation.
M610.2 Steam boiler gauges: Every steam boiler shall have a
water-gauge glass and a pressure gauge. The pressure gauge shall
indicate the pressure within the normal range of the system's
operation.

M-610.2.1 Water-gauge glass: The gauge glass shall be

installed so that the midpoint is at the normal boiler water
level.

CHAPTER 7
HYDRONIC PIPING

SECTION M-701.0 GENERAL

M-701.1 Scope: The provisions of this chapter shall govern the

construction, installation, alteration and repair of all hydronic
piping systems. Potable cold and hot water distribution systems
shall be installed in accordance with the plumbing code listed in
Chapter 21.
M-701.2 Pipe sizing: All piping for hydronic systems shall be
sized for the demand of the system.
SECTION M-702.0 DEFINITIONS

M-702.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes ofthis chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code, have
the meanings shown herein.

Mechanicaljoint: A connection between pipes, fittings or pipes

and fittings, which is neither screwed, caulked, threaded,
soldered, solvent cemented, brazed, nor welded. A joint in
which compression is applied along the centerline of the
pieces being joined. Some joints are part of a coupling, fitting
or adapter.

Table M-703.4
HYDRONIC PIPE

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

(ABS) plastic pipe
Brass pipe
Brass tubing
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K, lor M)
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
(CPVC) plastic pipe
Cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX) tubing
Lead pipe
Polybutylene (PB) plastic pipe
and tubing
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic
pipe
Steel pipe
Steel tubing

Material

M-703.1 Piping: Piping material shall conform to the standards

cited in this section.

Bronze
Copper

M-703.2 Reuse of materials: Pipe, fittings, valves or other

materials shall not be reused unless such materials are free from
foreign materials and have been determined to be adequate for
the service intended.

Gray iron
Malleable iron
Plastic

M-703.4 Piping material standards: Hydronic pipe shall conform to one ofthe standards listed in Table M-703.4. The exterior
of the pipe shall be protected from corrosion and degradation.
M-703.S Pipe fittings: Hydronic pipe fittings shall be approved
for installation with the piping materials to be installed, and shall
conform to the respective pipe standards or to one of the standards listed in Table M-703.5.
M-703.6 Valves: All valves shall be of the approved type and
compatible with the type of piping material in the system.
M-703.7 Flexible connectors, expansion and vibration compensators: Flexible connectors, expansion and vibration control
devices and fittings shall be of an approved type.

ASTM 01527; ASTM 02282

ASTM B43
ASTM B135
ASTM 842; ASTM 8302
ASTM B75; ASTM B88;
ASTM B251
ASTM 02846; ASTM F441 ;
ASTM F442
ASTM F876; ASTM F877
FS WW-P-325B
ASTM 03309
ASTM 01785; ASTM 02241
ASTM A53; ASTM A106
ASTM A254

Table M-703.5
HYDRONIC PIPE FITTINGS

SECTION M-703.0 MATERIAL

M-703.3 Material rating: All materials shall be rated for the

operating temperature and pressure of the hydronic system. All
materials shall be suitable for the type of fluid in the hydronic
system.

Standard (see Chapter 21)

Material

Steel

Standard (see Chapter 21)

ASME B16.24
ASME 816.15; ASME B16.18;
ASME B16.22; ASME B16.23;
ASME B16.26; ASME B16.29
ASTM A126
ASME B16.3
ASTM 02466; ASTM 02467;
ASTM 02468; ASTM F438;
ASTM F439; ASTM F877
ASME B16.5; ASME B16.9;
ASME B16.11; ASME 816.28;
ASTM A420

SECTION M-704.0 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

M-704.1 Approval: All joints and connections shall be of an

approved type. Joints and connections shall be tight for the
pressure of the hydronic system.
M-704.1.1 Joints between different piping materials:
Joints between different piping materials shall be made with
approved adapter fittings. Joints between different metallic
piping materials shall be made with approved dielectric fittings or brass converter fittings.
M-704.2 Preparation of pipe ends: All pipe shall be cut square,
reamed and chamfered, and shall be free from all burrs and

31

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

obstructions. Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall

not be undercut.

M-704.8.1 Flared joints: Flared joints shall be made by a

tool designed for that operation.

M-704.3 .Joint preparation and installation: Where required

by Sections M-704.4 through M-704.15, the preparation and
installation of brazed, mechanical, soldered, solvent-cemented,
threaded and welded joints shall comply with Sections M704.3.1 through M-704.3.6.

M-704.9 CPVC plastic pipe: Joints between CPVC plastic pipe

or fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints conforming to Section M-704.3.

M-704.3.1 Brazed joints: All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.

An approved nux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8
listed in Chapter 21.
M-704.3.2 Mechanical joints: Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
M-704.3.3 Soldered joints: All joint surfaces shall be
cleaned. An approved nux shall be applied. The joint shall be
soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B32 listed in
Chapter 21.
M-704.3.4 Solvent-cemented joints: Joint surfaces shall be
clean and free from moisture. An approved primer shall be
applied to CPVC and to PVC pipe-joint surfaces. Joints shaH
be made whi Ie the cement is wet. Solvent cement conforming
to the following standards listed in Chapter 21 shall be applied
to all joint surfaces:
I. ASTM D2235 for ABS joints.
2. ASTM F493 for CPVC joints.
3. ASTM D2564 for PVC joints.
CPVC joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D2846
listed in Chapter 21.
M-704.3.S Threaded joints: Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1 listed in Chapter 21. Schedule 80 or heavier
plastic pipe shall be threaded with dies specifically designed
for plastic pipe. Thread lubricant, pipe-joint compound or
tape shall be applied on the male threads only and shall be
approved for application on the piping material.
M-704.3.6 Welded joints: All joint surfaces shall be cleaned
by approved procedure. The joint shall be welded with an
approved filler metal.
M-704.4 ABS plastic pipe: Joints between ABS plastic pipe or
fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints conforming
to Section M-704.3.
M-704.S Brass pipe: Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall
be brazed, mechanical, threaded or welded joints conforming to
Section M-704.3.
M-704.6 Brass tubing: Joints between brass tubing or fittings
shall be brazed, mechanical or soldered joints conforming to
Section M-704.3.
M-704.7 Copper or copper-alloy pipe: Joints between copper
or copper-alloy pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical,
soldered, threaded or welded joints conforming to Section M704.3.
M-704.8 Copper or copper-alloy tubing: Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical
or soldered joints conforming to Section M-704.3 or t1ared joints
conforming to Section M-704.8.1.

32

M-704.10 Lead pipe: Joints between lead pipe or fittings shall

be burned or wiped joints conforming to Sections M-704.10.1
and M-704.10.2.
M-704.10.1 Burned: Burned joints shall be uniformly fused
together into one continuous piece. The thickness of the joint
shaH be at least as thick as the lead being joined. The filler
metal shall be of the same material as the pipe.
M-704.10.2 Wiped: Joints shall be full wiped, having an
exposed surface on each side of the joint not less than :V4 inch
(19 mm). The joint shall be at least 3/8 inch (10 mm) thick at
the thickest point.
M-704.11 Polybutylene plastic pipe and tubing: Joints between polybutylene plastic pipe and tubing or fittings shall be
mechanical joints conforming to Section M-704.3.2 or heatfusion joints conforming to Section M-704.11.1.
M-704.11.1 Heat-fusion joints: Joints shall be of the socket-fusion or butt-fusion type. Joint surfaces shall be clean and
free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be heated to melt
temperatures and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed until
cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D3309
listed in Chapter 21.
M-704.12 Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing:
Joints between cross-linked polyethylene plastic tubing and
fittings shall conform to Sections M-704.12.1 and M-704.12.2.
Mechanicaljoints shall conform to Section M-704.3.2.
M-704.12.1 Compression-type fittings: Where compression-type fittings include inserts and ferrules or O-rings, the
fittings shall be installed without omitting such inserts and
ferrules or O-rings.
M-704.12.2 Plastic-to-metal connections: Soldering on the
metal portion of the system shall not be performed closer than
18 inches (457 mm) to any plastic-to-metal adapter in the
same water line.
M-704.13 PVC plastic pipe: Joints between PVC plastic pipe
and fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints conforming to Section M-704.3.
M-704.14 Steel pipe: Joints between steel pipe or fittings shall
be mechanical joints that are made with an approved elastomeric
seal, or shall be threaded or welded joints conforming to Section
M-704.3.
M-704.1S Steel tubing: Joints between steel tubing or fittings
shall be mechanical or welded joints conforming to Section
M-704.3.
SECTION M-705.0 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION

M-70S.1 General: Piping shall be installed so as to prevent

strains and stresses which will exceed the limitations of the pipe.
Provisions shall be made to protect the piping from damage
resulting from expansion, contraction and structural settlement.

HYDRONIC PIPING

Piping shall be installed so as not to create structural stresses or

strains within building components.

M-70S.1.1 Flood hazard: All piping located in a f1oodhazard zone (A Zone) or a high-hazard zone (V Zone) shall
be capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads
and stresses, including the effects of buoyancy, during the
occurrence of flooding to the base flood elevation.

M-707.4 Pipe penetrations: Openings for pipe penetrations in

walls, floors or ceilings shall be larger than the penetrating pipe.
Openings through concrete or masonry building elements shall be
sleeved. The annular space of all pipe penetrations shall be firestopped in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.

SECTION M-706.0 PIPE SUPPORT

M-707.S Clearance to combustibles: Any pipe in a hydronic

piping system in which the exterior temperature exceeds 250
degrees F. (121 degrees C) shall have a minimum clearance of
I inch (25 mm) to comhustihle materials.

M-706.1 Hanger material: Hangers and supports shall be of

material of sufficient strength to support the piping. Hangers and
strapping material shall be compatible with the piping to avoid
galvanic action.

M-707.6 Contact with building material: A hydronic piping

system shall not be in direct contact with any building material
that causes the piping material to degrade or corrode, or which
interferes with the operation of the system.

M-706.2 Interval of spacing: Piping shall be supported at

distances not exceeding the spacing specified in Table M-706.2,
or piping shall be supported in accordance with MSS SP-69
listed in Chapter 21.

M-707.7 Water hammer: The flow velocity of the hydronic

piping system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of
water hammer. Where a quick-closing valve creates water hammer, an approved water-hammer arrestor shall be installed. The
arrestor shall be located within a range as specified by the
manufacturer of the quick-closing valve.

Table M-706.2
HANGER SPACING
Piping material
ABS pipe
Brass pipe
Brass tubing, 11/4-inch diameter
and smaller
Brass tubing, 11;2-inch diameter
and larger
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
11/4-inch diameter and smaller
Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
11J.2-inch diameter and larger
CPVC pipe
Lead pipe
PB pipe or tubing
PVC pipe
Steel pipe
Steel tubing

Maximum
Maximum
horizontal
vertical
spacing (feeW spacing (feeW

10

10

10

10
12

10
10

10

10

10

4
4

4
4
4
4

12
8

15
10

Continuous
24-3 (32 inches)

Nole a. 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

M-707.S Steam piping pitch: All steam piping shall be installed

to drain to the boiler or the steam trap. Steam systems shall not
have any drip pockets that reduce the capacity of the steam piping.
M-707.9 Condensation: Provisions shall be made to prevent the
formation of condensation on the exterior of all piping.
SECTION M-70B.O PIPE INSULATION

M-70S.1 General: Pipe in hydronic piping systems shall be

insulated to provide a thermal resistance (R), excluding film
resistances, as specified in Table M-708.1. For insulation that has
a conductivity value outside the range shown in Table M-708.1
for the applicable fluid operating temperature range at the mean
rating temperature shown, the minimum thicknesses shall be:
T = PR
where:

T
SECTION M-707.0 PIPING INSTALLATION

M-707.1 General: All piping, valves, fittings and connections

shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of approval.

PR
t
K

M-707.1.1 Bull-heading tees prohibited: Fluid in a system

shall not enter a tee fitting through the side opening.
M-707.1.2 Cutting or notching: A structural member shall
not be cut, notched or pierced in excess of the limitations
specified in the building code listed in Chapter 21, unless
proven safe by a structural analysis.
M-707.2 System drain down: Hydronic piping systems shall be
designed and installed to permit the system to be drained. Where
the system drains to the plumbing drainage system, the installation shall conform to the requirements of the plumbing code
listed in Chapter 21.
M-707.3 Protection of potable water: The potable water system shall be protected from backflow in accordance with the
plumbing code listed in Chapter 21.

1(1 + tiPR/lk - II

Minimum insulation thickness for material with

conductivity (K), in inches.
Actual outside radius of the pipe, in inches.
Insulation thickness from Table M-708.1, in inches.
Conductivity of alternative material at the mean rating
temperature indicated in Table M-708.1 for the
applicable fluid temperature range, in
Btu in./(hour . ft. 2 . OF).
The lower value of the conductivity range listed in
Table M-708.1 for the applicable fluid temperature
range, Btu in./(hour . ft. 2 OF).
Exception: Pipe insulation is not required in any of the
following cases:
1. Piping installed within heating, ventilating and air conditioning equipment.
2. Piping at temperatures between 55 degrees F. (13
degrees C) and 105 degrees F. (41 degrees C).
3. Where the heat loss or heat gain of the piping, without
insulation, does not increase the energy requirements
of the structure.

33

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

4. Piping installed in basements or cellars in occupancies

in Usc Group R-3.
M-70S.2 Insulation characteristics: Pipe insulation installed in
concealed spaces in buildings of Type I or 2 construction shall
have a maximum name spread rating of 25 when tested in
accordance with ASTM E841isted in Chapter 21. Pipe insulation
installed in concealed spaces in buildings of Type 3, 4 or 5
construction shall have a maximum flame spread rating of 75
when tested in accordance with ASTM E84listed in Chapter 21.
M-70S.2.1 Exposed insulation: Insulation exposed within a
bui Iding shall conform to the requirements for interior finish
in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.

the maximum pressure of the system design. The valve shall be

installed in accordance with Section M-605.0.
SECTION M-710.0 TRANSFER FLUID

M-710.1 Flash point: The flash point of transfer fluid in a

hydronic piping system shall be a minimum of 50 degrees F. (10
degrees C.) above the maximum system operating temperature.
M-710.2 Makeup water: The transfer fluid shall be compatible
with the makeup water supplied to the system.
SECTION M-711. 0 TESTS

M-711.1 General: All hydronic piping systems shall be tested

to the maximum system pressure.

SECTION M-709.0 VALVES

M-709.1 Where required: Shutoff valves shall be installed in

hydronic piping systems in the locations indicated in Sections
M-709. I. I through M-709.1.6.
M-709.1.l Heat exchangers: Shutoff valves shall be installed on the supply and return side of every heat exchanger.
M-709.1.2 Central systems: Shutoff valves shall be installed
on the building supply and return of a central utility system.
M-709.1.3 Pressure vessels: Shutoff valves shall be installed
on the connection to any pressure vessel.
M-709JA Pressure-reducing valves: Shutoff valves shall
be installed on both sides of a pressure-reducing valve.
M-709.1.S Equipment: Shutoff valves shall be installed on
connections to mechanical equipment. This requirement does
not apply to components of a hydronic system such as pumps,
air separators, metering devices and similar equipment.
M-709.1.6 Expansion tanks: Shutoff valves shall be installed on connections to nondiaphragm-type expansion
tanks.
M-709.2 Reduced pressure: A pressure relief valve shall be
installed on the low-pressure side of a hydronic piping system
that has been reduced in pressure. The relief valve shall be set at
Table M708.1
MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION

Type of system

Heating (steam, steam

condensate and hot water)

Cooling (chilled water, brine

and refrigerant)b

Fluid design
operating
temperature
range
(degrees F.)C
Above 350

251-350
201-250
141-200
105-140
40-55
Below 40

Insulation conductivity

Nominal pipe diameter (inches)

Conductivity range
[Btu. in./(hr.. ft. 2 . OF.))

Mean rating
tem pe ratu re
(degrees F.)C

Runouts a
up to 2

1 and

0.32-0.34
0.29-0.31
0.27-0.30
0.25-0.29
0.24-0.28

250
200
150
100

1.5
1.5
1.0
0,5
0,5

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0

2.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
1.0

0.23-0.27
0.23-0.27

75
75

0.5
1.0

0.5
1.0

0.75
1.5

125

less

11;4 to 2 2112 to 4 5 and 6 8 and up

3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.5

3.5
3.5
2.0
1.5
1.5

3.5
3.5
3.5
1.5
1.5

1.0
1.5

1.0
1.5

Note 3. Runouts to indiVidual terminal Units not exceeding 12 feet In length.

Note b. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and condensation. Where necessary to control condensation, additional insulation,
vapor retarders, or both, shall be required.
Note c. Degrees C = [(degrees F.) -32]/1.8.

34

CHAPTER 8
GAS PIPING SYSTEMS

SECTION M-801.0 GENERAL

Liquefied petroleum gas (LP-gas): A gas containing certain

specific hydrocarbons which are gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions, but are capable of being liquefied
under moderate pressure at normal temperatures.

M-801.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the installation, repair

and maintenance of fuel-gas piping systems. Coverage of piping
systems extends from the point of delivery to the connections
with each utilization device and includes the design, materials,
components, fabrication, assembly, installation, testing, inspection, operation and maintenance of such piping systems.

Manual gas shutoff valve: A manually operated valve in the gas

line for the purpose of completely turning on or shutting off
the gas supply downstream of the valve.

M-801.1.1 Point of delivery: Except for undiluted liquefied

petroleum gas systems, the point of delivery is the outlet of
the service meter assembly, or the outlet of the service
regulator or service shutoff valve where a meter is not
provided. For undiluted liquefied petroleum gas systems, the
point of delivery is the outlet of the first stage pressure
regulator.

Manufactured gas: A gas obtained by destructive distillation of

coal, or by the thermal decomposition of oil, or by the reaction
of steam passing through a bed of heated coal or coke or
catalyst beds. Examples are coal gases, coke oven gases,
producer gas, blast furnace gas, blue (water) gas, and carbureted water gas. British thermal unit (Btu) content varies
widely.

M-801.2 Liquefied petroleum gas storage: The storage system

for liquefied petroleum gas shall be designed and installed in
accordance with NFiPA 58 listed in Chapter 2l.

Natural gas: A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and

nonhydrocarbon gases found in porous geologic formations
beneath the earth's surface, often in association with
petroleum. The principal constituent is methane.

M-801.3 Modifications to existing systems: In modifying or

adding to existing piping systems, sizes shall be maintained in
accordance with this chapter.
M-801.4 Interconnections: Where two or more meters are
installed on the same premises but supply separate consumers,
the piping systems shall not be interconnected on the outlet side
of the meters.
M-801.S Interconnections for standby fuels: Where a supplemental gas supply for standby utilization is connected
downstream from a meter, an approved device to prevent backflow shall be installed.
SECTION M-802.0 DEFINITIONS

M-802.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes ofthis chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code, have
the meanings shown herein.
Dry gas: A gas having a moisture and hydrocarbon dew point
below any normal temperature to which the gas piping is
exposed.
Gas outlet: A connection in a gas piping system to which gas
equipment is intended to be attached.
Heating value: The heat released by combustion of a unit
quantity of waste or fuel, measured in British thermal units
(Btu).

Purge: To clear of air, water or other foreign substances.

Regulator, line gas pressure: A device placed in a gas line
between the service pressure regulator and the gas equipment
for controlling, maintaining or reducing the pressure in that
portion of the piping system downstream of the device.
Regulator, LP-gas, first stage: On undiluted LP-gas systems,
the first pressure regulator reduces the storage container
pressure.
Regulator, LP-gas, second stage: A line gas pressure regulator
for service on undiluted LP-gas systems, reducing an intermediate high pressure to utilization pressure.
Regulator, service pressure: A device installed by the serving
gas supplier to reduce and limit the service line gas pressure
to delivery pressure.
Riser, gas: A fuel gas supply pipe that extends vertically one full
story or more.
SECTION M-803.0 PIPING MATERIAL

M-803.1 General: Piping material shall conform to the standards cited in this section for the installation, alteration or repair
of fuel-gas piping systems.
M-803.2 Piping standards: Fuel gas pipe shall conform to one
of the standards listed in Table M-803.2.

35

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-803.2
FUEL GAS PIPE
Material
Aluminum-alloy pipe and tubing
Brass pipe
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
Oopper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type Kor l)
Ductile iron pipe
Plastic pipe and tubing
Stainless steel pipe and tubing
Steel pipe
Steel tubing

Standard (see Chapter 21)

ASTM B210; ASTM B241
ASTM B43
ASTM B42; ASTM B302
ASTM B75; ASTM B88;
ASTM 8280
ANSI A21.52
ASTMD2513; ASTM 02517
ASTM A240
ASTM A53; ASTM A106
ASTM A539; ASTM A254

M-S03.3 Metallic pipe and tubing: Metallic pipe and tubing

shall be utilized for systems which supply fuel gas that is not
corrosive to the pipe or tubing material.
M-S03.4 Aluminum-alloy pipe or tUbing: Aluminum-alloy
pipe or tubing shall not be installed underground or outside of
the structure. The pipe or tubing shall not be subject to moisture
or come in contact with masonry, plaster or insulation.
M-S03.S Plastic pipe and tubing: Plastic pipe and tubing shall
not be installed above ground or inside of the structure.
M-S03.6 Ductile iron pipe: Ductile iron pipe shall not be
installed above ground or inside of the structure.
M-S03.7 Corrosion protection: Metallic pipe or tubing exposed to corrosive action, such as soil conditions or moisture,
shall be protected in an approved manner.
M-S03.8 Fittings: Fittings shall be approved for gas piping
systems. The fittings shall be compatible with or shall be of the
same material as the pipe or tubing. Bushings shall not be
utilized.
M-S03.S.1 Flanges: Flange fittings shall conform to ASME
B 16.1 or ASME B 16.5 listed in Chapter 21. Gasket material
for flanged fittings shall be approved for the quality of the
fuel gas.
M-S03.9 Bending of piping: Pipe shall be approved for bending.
Pipe bends shall be made with approved equipment. The bend
shall not exceed the structural limitations of the pipe.
M-S03.10 Flexible connectors: Flexible connectors shall bear
the label of an approved agency. The connectors shall be a
maximum of 6 feet (1829 mm) in length.
M-S03.11 Interior gas piping systems utilizing corrugated
stainless steel tubing (conduit): Interior gas piping systems
constructed of corrugated stainless steel tubing (conduit) shall
be tested and labeled by an approved testing agency for such
installation and shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
M-S03.12 Identification: Fuel gas piping shall be identified as
fuel gas piping. Identification shall be in the fonn of a tag, stencil
or other permanent marking, spaced at intervals of not more than
25 feet (7620 mm) in concealed locations, not more than 50 feet
(5240 mm) in exposed locations, and not less than once in any
room or space.

36

SECTION M-804.0 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

M-S04.1 Approval: All joints and connections shall be of an

approved type for gas piping systems. Joints and connections
shall be gas tight for the pressure required by test.
M-804.1.1 Joints between different piping materials:
Joints between different piping materials shall be made with
approved adapter fittings. Joints between different metallic
piping materials at the point of delivery, and at other locations
where necessary, shall be made with approved dielectric
fittings to isolate electrically above-ground piping from underground piping or to isolate electrically different metallic
piping materials joined underground.
M-804.2 Preparation of pipe ends: All pipe shall be cut square,
reamed and chamfered and be free from all burrs and obstructions. Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall not be
undercut.
M-S04.3 Joint preparation and installation: Where required
by Sections M-804.4 through M-804.l1, the preparation and
installation of brazed, flared, mechanical, threaded and welded
joints shall comply with Sections M-804.3.1 through M-804.3.5.
M-S04.3.1 Brazed joints: All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8
listed in Chapter 21.
MS04.3.2 Flared joints: Flared joints shall be made by a
tool designed for that operation.
M-S04.3.3 Mechanical joints: Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
M-804.3.4 Threaded joints: Threads shall confonn to
ASME B 1.20.1 listed in Chapter 21. Pipe-joint compound or
tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
M-S04.3.S Welded joints: All joint surfaces shall be cleaned
by approved procedure. The joint shall be welded with an
approved filler metal.
M-S04.4 Aluminum-alloy pipe and tUbing: Joints between
aluminum-alloy pipe and tubing or fittings shall be flared or
mechanical joints confonning to Section M-804.3.
M-S04.S Brass pipe: Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall
be brazed, mechanical, threaded or welded joints confonning to
Section M-804.3.
M-804.6 Copper or copper-alloy pipe: Joints between copper
or copper-alloy pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical,
threaded or welded joints conforming to Section M-804.3.
M-S04.7 Copper or copper-alloy tubing: Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed, flared or
mechanical joints confonning to Section M-804.3.
M-S04.S Ductile iron pipe: Joints between ductile iron pipe and
fittings shall be flanged. Joints shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
M-S04.9 Plastic pipe and tubing: Joints between plastic pipe
and tubing or fittings shall be in accordance with Sections
M-804.9.1 through M-804.9.3.

GAS PIPING SYSTEMS

Table M-80S.3.1
DEMAND VALUES FOR DETERMINING GAS PIPING SIZE
IN MULTIPLE-FAMILY DWElLING UNITS

M-804.9.1 Heat-fusion joints: Only polyolefin (PE and PB)

piping shall be heat fused. Joint surfaces shall be clean and
free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be heated to melt
temperature and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed until
cool in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Number of units

M-804.9.2 Mechanical compression joints: Mechanical

compression joints shall be made with an elastomeric seal.
Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.

M-80S.3.1 Diversity factor for multiple-family dwelling

units: The common gas supply line to multiple-family dwelling units is permitted to be sized for a percentage of the total
gas demand. The total gas demand for each common section
of pipe shall be sized in accordance with the multiplier
indicated in Table M-80S.3.1.
Where individual heating equipment is installed in each
dwelling unit, the gas demand for such equipment shall be
multiplied by 0.9 and added to the demand value of the
common piping.

.77
.59
.49
.44
.40
.34
.30
.24
.22
.20
:19

.19

.18
.17
.16
.15

90

:14

175
200

.13
.13
.12

150

.18
.16

.15

:14
:14
;13
.12
.11

M-80S.4 Pipe sizing: The size of gas piping shall be determined

by computing the maximum demand quantity in accordance with
the following equation:

High Pressure (1.5 psig and above):

Q = 181.6

-V D5 . (Pr - P~) . Y
Cr jba L

= 2237

SECTION M-80S.0 SIZING OF GAS PIPING SYSTEMS

M-80S.3 Sizing criteria: The fuel gas piping shall be sized for
the maximum length of pipe, measured from the point of delivery
to the most remote outlet. Piping shall be sized for the total gas
demand for each section of pipe.

.85
.65
.54
.46
.42
.36
.31
.25
.23
.21

100
125

M-804.11 Steel tubing: Joints between steel tubing or fittings

shall be mechanical or welded joints conforming to Section
M-804.3.

M-80S.2 Appliance gas volume: The hourly gas volume for

each gas-burning appliance shall be determined based on the
input rating of the appliance. The hourly gas volume (demand
quantity) shall equal the input rating of the appliance divided by
the average heating value of the fuel gas.

Ranges and water heaters

60
70
80

M-804.10 Steel pipe: Joints between steel pipe or fittings shall

be threaded or welded joints conforming to Section M-804.3 or
mechanical joints conforming to Section M-804.10.1.

M-80S.1 General: All pipe utilized for the installation, extension and alteration of any gas piping system shall be sized to
supply the full number of outlets for the intended purpose. The
gas piping system shall be sized in accordance with this section.

Ranges only

2
4
6
8
10
15
20
30
40
50

M-804.9.3 Solvent cementing: Joint surfaces shall be clean

and free from moisture. An approved primer shall be applied
to PVC pipe, tubing or fittings. An approved solvent cement
shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made
while the cement is wet. Joints shall be made in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. Polyolefm plastic pipe,
tubing or fittings (PE and PB) shall not be solvent cemented.

M-804.10.1 Mechanical joints: Joints shall be made with an

approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints shall be installed outside, underground,
unless otherwise approved.

Multiplier of total connected load based on similar

appliances being installed in each unit

D2.623 [

(Pr - PD Y

]0.541

CrL
Low pressure (less than 1.5 psig):

= 187.3

--J D5. MI
CrjbaL

= 2313 D

2.623 [~]O'541
CrL

where:

Q
D
PI

P2
Y
Cr

Rate, cubic feet per hour at 60 degrees F and 30-inch

mercury column.
Inside diameter of pipe (inches).
Upstream pressure (psia).
Downstream pressure (psia).
Superexpansibility factor.
l/supercompressibility factor.
Factor for viscosity, density and temperature.

0.00354 ST
S
T

(~

Specific gravity of gas at 60 degrees F and 30-inch

mercury column.
Absolute temperature (degrees Rankine).
t (degrees Fahrenheit) + 460.
Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit).

37

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

5. Where the piping is a temporary installation for structures under construction.

Viscosity of gas, centipoise (0.012 for natural gas,

0.008 for propane).
"" l488)..t.
)..t
Viscosity (pounds per second feet).
fba
Base friction factor for air at 60 degrees F. (CF "" I).
L
Length of pipe (feet).
!::JI
Pressure drop, inch water column (27.7 inch water
column"" I psi).

Table M-805.4.1.3
MUlTIPLIERS FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE GAS
OTHER THAN 0.60

Specific gravity

Multiplier

Specific gravity

Multiplier

.35
040
045
.50
.55
.60

1.31
1.23
1.16
1.10
1.04
,1.00
.96
.93
.90
.87
.84
.82

1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10

.78
.74
.71
.68
.66
.63
.61
.59
.58
.56
.55
.54

~ J; and

CF

Factor CF =

fb

Base friction factor for any fluid at a given temperature

(degrees F.).

.65
.70
.75

M-80S.4.1 Sizing by tables: Gas piping systems are permitted

to be sized for the maximum capacity of pipe in accordance
with Tables M-805.4.1 (I) through M-805.4.1 (16).

~80

:85
.90

M-80S.4.1.1 Basis for table selection: The table selected

for sizing the system shall be based on the fuel-gas system
pressure, the pressure drop, and the specific gravity.

M-80S.S.1 Liquefied petroleum gas systems: The maxi-

M-80S.4.1.2 Table application: The length utilized to

compute the gas pipe size for a section of pipe shall equal
the maximum length of pipe for the entire system. The
tables take into consideration the normal installation of
valves and fittings.

Exception: The minimum design operating pressure shall

mum design operating pressure for undiluted LP-gas systems

shall be 20 psig (138 kPa).
not apply to structures, or separate areas of structures,
constructed in accordance with Chapter 7 of NFiPA 58
listed in Chapter 21, and which exclusively contain industrial processes, research and experimental laboratories,
or equipment or processing having similar hazards.

M-80S.4.1.3 Specific gravity other than 0.60: Where the

specific gravity of the gas is other than 0.60, the values in
Tables M-805.4.1 (I) through M-805.4.l (14) shall be multiplied by the applicable value from Table M-805.4.1.3.

SECTION M-806.0 GAS FLOW CONTROLS

M-806.1 Gas pressure regulators: A gas pressure regulator or

gas equipment pressure regulator shall be installed where the gas
appliance is designed to operate at a lower pressure than the fuel
gas system. Access shall be provided to pressure regulators.
Pressure regulators shall be protected from physical damage.
Regulators installed on the exterior of the building shall be
approved for outdoor installation.

M-80S.S Maximum design pressure: The maximum design

operating pressure of a system inside the structure shall not
exceed 5 psig (34 kPa) unless otherwise approved.

Exceptions
I. Industrial processing or heating structures.
2. Research structures.
3. Structures that exclusively contain hoilers or mechanical equipment.
4. Where the piping system is welded steel pipe.

M-806.1.1 Second stage LP-gas regulators: Second stage

regulators for undiluted liquefied petroleum gas piping systems shall conform to UL 144 listed in Chapter 21.

Table M-805.4.1(1)
MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF PIPE FOR GAS PRESSURE OF 0.5 PSIG OR LESS WITH PRESSURE DROP
OF 0 5 INCH WATER COLUMN AND 0 60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

1;4

Ja

~J, .. ,
i2~

3
4

38

Length of pipe (feet)

10

:Vs

314 .:
1
1V4
11;2

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

43
.364
.493
95
1
.
'175.
::622
:824 :3.60.
1.049
680
1,400
1.380
2,100
1.610
il~~~; 3,950
6,qOO
11,000
3.068
23,000
4.026

20
29
65

120

250'
465
950
1,460
~;7~O

4,.350
7,700
15,800

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

125

150

175

200

24
52
97
20P
375
770
1,180
2;200
q,520
6,250
12,800

20
45
82
170
320
660
990
L900
3,000
5,300
10,900

18
40
73
151
285
580
900
1,680
2,(i50
4,750
9,700

16
36
66
138
260
530
810
1,520
2,400
4,300
8,800

15
33
61
125
240
490
750
1,400
2,250
3,900
8,100

14
31
57
118
220
460
690
1,300
2,050
3,700
7,500

13
29
53
110
205
430
650
1,220
1,950
3,450
7,200

12
27
50
103
195
400
620
1,150

11
24
44
93
175
360
550
1,020
1,650
2,950
6,000

10
22
40
84
160
325
500
950
1,500
2,650
5,500

9
20
37
77
145
300
460
850
1,370
2,450
5,000

8
19
35
72
135
280
430
800
1;280
2,280
4,600

1MO

3,250
6,700

GAS PIPING SYSTEMS

Table M-805.4.1 (2)

MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF PIPE FOR GAS PRESSURE OF 0.5 PSIG OR LESS WITH PRESSURE DROP
OF 0.3 INCH WATER COLUMN AND 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)
%
3,1l

\'2
%
1
1%
11;2
2
21;2
3
4

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Internal
diameter
(inches)
.364
.493
.622
.824
1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
4.026

Length of pipe (feet)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

125

150

175

200

32
72
132
278
520
1,050
1,600
3,050
4,800
8,500
17,500

22
49
92
190
350
730
1,100
2,100
3,300
5,900
12,000

18
40
73
152
285
590
890
1,650
2,700
4,700
9,700

15
34
63
130
245
500
760
1,450
2,300
4,100
8,300

14
30
56
115
215
440
670
1,270
2,000
3,600
7,400

12
27
50
105
195
400
610
1,150
1,850
3,250
6,800

11
25
46
96
180
370
560
1,050
1,700
3,000
6,200

11
23
43
90
170
350
530
990
1,600
2,800
5,800

10
22
40
84
160
320
490
930
1,500
2,600
5,400

9
21
38
79
150
305
460
870
1,400
2,500
5,100

8
18
34
72
130
275
410
780
1,250
2,200
4,500

8
17
31
64
120
250
380
710
1,130
2,000
4,100

7
15
28
59
110
225
350
650
1,050
1,850
3,800

6
14
26
55
100
210
320
610
980
1,700
3,500

Table M-805.4.1 (3)

MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF SEMI-RIGID TUBING FOR GAS PRESSURE OF 0.5 PSIG OR LESS WITH PRESSURE DROP
OF 0.3 INCH WATER COLUMN AND 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Outside
diameter
(inch)
3/8

1;2
5/8

0/'4
7/8

Tubing capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Length of tubing (feet)
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

125

150

175

200

20
42
86
150
212

14
29
59
103
146

11
23
47
83
117

10
20
40
71
100

9
18
36
63
89

8
16
33
57
81

7
15
30
52
74

7
14
28
49
69

6
13
26
46
65

6
12
25
43
61

5
11
22
38
54

5
10
20
35
49

4
9
18
32
45

4
8
17
30
42

Table M-805.4.1(4)
MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF SEMI-RIGID TUBING FOR GAS PRESSURE OF 0.5 PSIG OR LESS WITH PRESSURE DROP
OF 0.5 INCH WATER COLUMN AND 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Outside
diameter
(inch)
3/8

1;2
5/8

3/4
7/8

Tubing capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Length of tubing (feet)
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

125

150

175

200

27
56
113
197
280

18
38
78
136
193

15
31
62
109
155

13
26
53
93
132

11
23
47
83
117

10
21
43
75
106

9
19
39
69
98

9
18
37

8
17
34
60
85

8
16
33
57
81

7
14
29
50
71

6
12
24
42
60

5
11
22
39
55

64
91

13
26
46
65

Table M-805.4.1(5)
PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR PRESSURES UNDER 1 POUND APPROXIMATE CAPACITY OF PIPES WITH PRESSURE DROP
OF 0.3 INCH WATER COLUMN AND 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)
50
215
442
662
1,275
2,033
3,594
5,262
7,330
13,261
21,472
44,118
80,130
126,855

100

150

200

250

148
304
455
877
1,397
2,470
3,616
5,038
9,114
14,758
30,322
55,073
87,187

119
244
366
704
1,122
1,983
2,904
4,046
7,319
11,851
24,350
44,225
70,014

102
209
313
602
960
1,698
2,485
3,462
6,264
10,143
20,840
37,851
59,923

90
185
277
534
851
1,505
2,203
3,069
5,552
8,990
18,470
33,547
53,109

300
82
168
251
484

771
1,363
1,996
2,780
5,030
8,145
16,735
30,396
48,120

400

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

70
143
215
414
660
1,167
1,708
2,380
4,305
6,971
14,323
26,015
41,185

62
127
191
367
585
1,034
1,514
2,109
3,816
6,178
12,694
23,056
36,501

43
87
131
252
402
711
1,041
1,450
2,623
4,246
8,725
15,847
25,087

34
70
105
203
323
571
836
1,164
2,106
3,410
7,006
12,725
20,146

29
60
90
173
276
488
715
996
1,802
2,919
5,997
10,891
17,242

39

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL COOE/1993

Table M-805.4.1(6)
PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR PRESSURES UNDER 1 POUND APPROXIMATE CAPACITY OF PIPES WITH PRESSURE DROP
OF 0.5 INCH WATER COLUMN AND 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
300
3.50
4.00
5.00
600
8.00
10.00
12.00

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Internal
diameter
(inches)
1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)

50

100

284
583
873
1,681
2,680
4,738
6,937
9,663
17,482
28,308
58,161
105,636
167,236

195
400
600
1,156
1,842
3,256
4,767
6,641
12,015
19,456
39,974
72,603
114,940

150

200

250

300

400

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

157
322
482
928
1,479
2,615
3,828
5,333
9,649
15,624
32,100
58,303
92,301

134
275
412
794
1,266
2,238
3,277
4,565
8,258
13,372
27,474
49,900
78,998

119
244
366
704
1,122
1,983
2,904
4,046
7,319
11,851
24,350
44,225
70,014

108
221
331
638
1,017
1,797
2,631
3,666
6,632
10,738
22,062
40,071
63,438

92
189
283
546
870
1,538
2,252
3,137
5,676
9,190
18,883
34,296
54,295

82
168
251
484
771
1,363
1,996
2,780
5,030
8,145
16,735
30,396
48,120

56
115
173
333
530
937
1,372
1,911
3,457
5,598
11,502
20,891
33,073

45
93
139
267
426
752
1,102
1,535
2,776
4,496
9,237
16,776
26,559

39
79
119
229
364
644
943
1,313
2,376
3,848
7,905
14,358
22,731

Table M-805.4.1 (7)

PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR PRESSURES UNDER 1 POUND PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES FOR AN INITIAL PRESSURE
OF 1.0 PSIG WITH A 10-PERCENT PRESSURE DROP AND A GAS OF 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)
50

100

150

200

250

300

400

500

717
1,471
2,204
4,245
6,766
11,962
17,514
24,398
44,140
71,473
146,849
266,718
422,248

493
1.011
1,515
2,918
4,651
8.221
12,037
16,769
30,337
49,123
100,929
183,314
290,209

396
812
1,217
2,343
3,735
6,602
9,666
13,466
24,362
39,447
81,049
147,207
233,048

338
695
1,041
2,005
3,196
5,650
8,273
11,525
20,851
33,762
69,368
125,990
199,459

300
616
923
1,777
2,833
5,008
7,332
10,214
18,479
29,923
61,479
111,663
176,777

272
558
836
1,610
2,567
4,538
6,644
9,255
16,744
27,112
55,705
101,175
160,172

233
478
716
1,378
2,197
3,884
5,686
7,921
14,330
23,204
47,676
86,592
137,087

206
423
634
1,222
1,947
3,442
5,039
7,020
12,701
20,566
42,254
76,745
121,498

1,000

1,500

2,000

142
291
436
840
1,338
2,366
3,464
4,825
8,729
14,135
29,041
52,747
83,505

114
234
350
674
1,075
1,900
2,781
3,875
7,010
11,351
23,321
42,357
67,057

97
200
300
577
. 920
1,626
2,381
3,316
6,000
9,715
19,960
36,252
57,392

1,000

1,500

2,000

220
452
677
1,303
2,077
3,671
5,375
7,488
13,547
21,936
45,071
81,861
129,596

177
363
543
1,046
1,668
2,948
4,317
6,013
. 10,879
17,616
36,194
65,737
104,070

Table M-805.4.1 (8)

PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR 2 POUNDS PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES FOR AN INITIAL PRESSURE OF
2.0 PSIG WITH A 10-PERCENT PRESSURE DROP AND A GAS OF 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938

40

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)
50

100

150

200

250

1,112
2,283
3,421
6,589
10,501
18,564
27,181
37,865
68,504
110,924
227,906
413,937
655,315

764
1,569
2,351
4,528
7,217
12,759
18,681
26,025
47,082
76,237
156,638
284,497
450,394

614
1,260
1,888
3,636
5,796
10,246
15,002
20,899
37,809
61,221
125,786
228,461
361 ;6.82

525
1,079
1,616
3,112
4,961
8,769
12,840
17,887
32,359
52,397
107,657
195,533
309,553

466
956
1,432
2,758
4,396
7,772
11,379
15,853
28,680
46,439
95,414
173,297
274,351

300
422
866
1,298
2,499
3,983
7,042
10,311
14,364
25,986
42,077
86,452
157,020
248,582

400
361
741
1,111
2,139
3,409
6,027
8,825
12,293
22;240
36,012
73,992
134,389
212,754

500
320
657
984
1,896
3,022
5,342
7,821
10,895
19,711
31,917
65,578
119,106
188,560

151
310
465
896
1,427
2,523
3,694
5,147
9,311
15,on
30,977
56,263
89,071

GAS PIPING SYSTEMS

Table M-805.4.1(9)
PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR 2 POUNDS PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES OR TUBING FROM POINT OF DELIVERY TO
2 PSIG REGULATOR , BASED ON A PRESSURE DROP OF 1 5 PSI AND A GAS OF 0 65 SPECIFIC GRAVlTya
Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Tubing
diameter
inside (OD)
(inches)
'/4
311l

(311l)
('1,

11,>

(%)

l%)
711ll
(11!1J
(1%)
(1 5!lJ)
l2'Al)
2%)
(3111l)
(4 111l)

%
1
1%
111,>
2

2'1,>

3
4

Length of tu bing (feet)

5

10

15

20

30

540
1,260
2,400
4,150
6,500
10,500
21,000
31,000
58,000
90,000
150M
310M

360
850
1,630
2,780
4,350
7,600
15,000
22,000
41,000
64,000
110M
220M

285
670
1,280
2,150
3,450
6,200
12,000
18,000
34,000
52,000
90,000
180M

240
570
1,080
1,860
2,950
5,400
10,500
15,000
29,000
45,000
79,000
150M

192
450
860
1,480
2,300
4,400
8,600
13,000
24,000
36,000
63,000
125M

40

50

60

70

143
130
163
118
380
300
335
275
730
645
580
530
1,250
1,100
1,000
910
2,000
1,750
1,560 1,430
3,050
3,800
3,350
2,800
6,100
7,500
6,700
5,600
9,000
11,000
9,800
8,200
20,000 18,000 17.000 15.000
32,000 28,000 26,000 24,000
55,000 49,000 45,000 41,000
110M 97,000 90,000 82,000

80

90

100

125

150

175

200

250

300

110
255
490
850
1,330
2,650
5,200
7,700
14,000
22,000
38,000
77,000

102
240
460
790
1,230
2,500
4,900
7,200
13,500
21,000
36,000
72,000

96
225
430
740
1,160
2,350
4,700
6,800
12,500
20,000
34,500
70,000

85
198
380
650
1,025
2,100
4,150
6,100
11,300
18,000
31,000
62,000

76
178
340
585
920
1,900
3,800
5,600
10,400
16,000
28,000
56,000

69
164
315
540
845
1,800
3,550
5,200
9,700
15,500
26,000
53,000

64
146
290
500
780
1,700
3,300
4,900
9,000
14,000
24,000
49,000

58
140
255
440
690
1,500
2,950
4,300
8,100
12,500
22,000
44,000

51
120
230
395
620
1,350
2,700
4,000
7,400
11,500
19,000
40,000

Note a. Use this table when metering or reduced pressure is 2 psig. Minimum inlet pressure to pounds-to-Inches regulator Will be

II,> pound or 14 Inches,

Table M-805.4.1(10)
PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR 2 POUNDS PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES OR TUBING FROM 2 PSIG REGULATOR TO APPLIANCE,
BASED ON A PRESSURE DROP OF 1 INCH WATER COLUMN AND A GAS OF 0 65 SPECIFIC GRAVITY3
Tubing
diameter
inside (OD)
(inches)
'/4

%
11,>

(%)
('1,
(%l
(%
(1!lJ)
(11!1J)

511l
3/4
1
1'/4
111,> ll%l
1%
2 (2111l)
2'1,> (2%)
3
(3'1il)
4
(4 111l)

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Length of tu bing (feet)
5

10

15

20

30

40

62
145
280
475
750
1,080
2,200
3,450
7,000
11,200
20,000
42,000

42
96
187
320
500
760
1,550
2,450
4,950
8,000
14,200
29,500

33
76
148
252
395
620
1,300
2,000
4,000
6,500
11,500
24,000

28
66
126
215
335
520
1,100
1,700
3,450
5,600
10,000
21,000

22
52
100
170
265
440
900
1,400
2,850
4,600
8,300
17,000

19
44
84
145
225
380
795
1,200
2,500
4,000
7,200
14,500

60

50
16

39

74
129
200
345
700
1,100
2,200
3,550
6,350
13,000

70

15
14
35
32
67
61
115
105
165
180
315
290
640
600
1,000
920
2,000
1,850
3,250
3,000
5,800
5,400
12,000 11,000

80
13
30
57
97
153
270
560
860
1,750
2,800
5,050
10,400

90
12
28

53

91
142
255
520
810
1.650
2,650
4,750
9,700

100

125

150

175

200

250

300

11
26
50
86
134
240
500
770
1,580
2,500
4,500
9,300

10
23
44
76
118
215
450
690
1,400
2,250
4,000
8,400

9
21
39
68
106
195
410
620
1,290
2,050
3,650
7,600

8
19
36
62
97
180
380
580
1,190
1,900
3,400
7,000

7
18
34
58
90
170
355
540
1,100
1,780
3,200
6,600

6
16
30
51
79
150
315
490
980
1,600
2,850
5,900

6
14
26
45
71
140
285
445
900
1,460
2,600
5,400

Nole a. Use this table when metering or reducing pressure is 6 inches water column,
Table M-805.4.1(11)
PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR 5 POUNDS PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES FOR AN INITIAL PRESSURE OF
50 PSIG WITH A 10-PERCENT PRESSURE DROP AND A GAS OF 060 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

1.00
1,25
1.50
2,00
2,50
3.00
3,50
4,00
5,00
6.00
8.00
10,00
12,00

1.049
1.380
1,610
2,067
2,469
3,068
3.548
4.026
5,047
6,065
7,981
10,020
11,938

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)
50

100

150

200

250

300

400

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1,989
4,084
6,120
11,786
18,785
33,209
48,623
67,736
122,544
198,427
407,692
740,477
1,172,269

1,367
2,807
4,206
8,101
12,911
22,824
33,418
46,555
84,224
136.378
280,204
508,926
805,694

1,098
2,254
3,378
6,505
10,368
18,329
26,836
37,385
67,635
109,516
225,014
408,686
647,001

940
1,929
2,891
5,567
8,874
15,687
22,968
31,997
57,887
93,732
192,583
349,782
553,749

833
1,710
2,562
4,934
7,865
13,903
20,356
28,358
51,304
83,073
170,683
310,005
490,777

755
1,549
2,321
4,471
7,126
12,597
18,444
25,694
46,485
75,270
154,651
280,887
444,680

646
1,326
1,987
3,827
6.099
10,782
15,786
21,991
39,785
64,421
132,361
240,403
380,588

572
1,175
1,761
3.391
5,405
9,556
13,991
19,490
35,261
57,095
117,309
213,065
337,309

393
808
1,210
2,331
3,715
6,568
9,616
13,396
24,235
39,241
80,626
146,438
231,830

316
649
972
1,872
2,983
5,274
7,722
10,757
19,461
31,512
64,745
117,595
186,168

270
555
832
1,602
2,553
4,514
6,609
9,207
16,656
26,970
55,414
100,646
159,336

41

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-805.4.1 (12)

PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR 10 POUNDS PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES FOR AN INITIAL PRESSURE OF
10.0 PSIG WITH A 10-PERCENT PRESSURE DROP AND A GAS OF 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

100
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5:00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2:469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)
50

100

150

200

250

300

400

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

3,259
6,690
10,024
19,305
30,769
54,395
79,642
110,948
200,720
325,013
667,777
1,212,861
1,920,112

2,240
4,598
6,889
13,268
21,148
37,385
54,737
76,254
137,954
223,379
458,959
833,593
1,319,682

1,798
3,692
5,532
10,655
16,982
30,022
43,956
61,235
110,782
179,382
368,561
669,404
1,059,751

1,539
3,160
4,735
9,119
14,535
25,695
37,621
52,409
94,815
153,527
315,440
572,924
907,010

1,364
2,801
4,197
8,082
12,882
22,773
33,343
46,449
84,033
136,068
279,569
507,772
803,866

1,236
2,538
3,802
7,323
11,672
20,634
30,211
42,086
76,140
123,288
253,310
460,078
728,361

1,058
2,172
3,254
6,268
9,990
17,660
25,857
36,020
65,166
105,518
216,800
393,767
623,383

938
1,925
2,884
5,555
8,854
15,652
22,916
31,924
57,755
93,519
192,146
348,988
552,493

644
1,323
1,982
3,818
6,085
10,757
15,750
21,941
39,695
64,275
132,061
239,858
379,725

517
1,062
1,592
3,066
4,886
8,638
12,648
17,620
1,875
51,615
106,050
192,614
304,933

443
909
1,362
2,624
4,182
7,393
10,825
15,080
27,282
44,176
90,765
164,853
260,980

Table M-805.4.1(13)
PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR 20 POUNDS PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES FOR AN INITIAL PRESSURE OF
20.0 PSIG WITH A 10-PERCENT PRESSURE DROP AND A GAS OF 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

100
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6,00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7,981
10.020
11.938

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hou r)

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)
50

100

5,674
11,649
17,454
33,615
53,577
94,714
138,676
193,187
349,503
565,926
1,162,762
2,111,887
3,343,383

3,900
8,006
11,996
23,103
36,823
65,097
95,311
132,777
240,211
388,958
799,160
1,451,488
2,297,888

150

200

250

2,375
3,132
2,680
6,429
4,877
5,503
9,633
8,245
7,307
18,553
15,879
14,073
29,570
25,308
22,430
52,275
44,741
39,653
76,538
65,507
58,058
106,624
91,257
80,879
192,898
165,096
146,322
267,329
312,347
236,928
641,754
486,797
549,258
884,154
1,165,596
997,600
1,845,285 1,579,326 1,399,727

300

400

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,152
4,419
6,621
12,751
20,323
35,928
52,604
73,282
132,578
214,674
441,074
801,108
1,268,254

1,842
3,782
5,667
10,913
17,394
30,750
45,023
62,720
113,470
183,733
377,502
685,645
1,085,462

1,633
3,352
5,022
9,672
15,416
27,253
39,903
55,538
100,566
162,840
334,573
607,674
962,025

1,122
2,304
3,452
6,648
10,595
18,731
27,425
38,205
69,118
111,919
229,950
417,651
661,194

901
1,850
2,772
5,338
8,509
15,042
22,023
30,680
55,505
89,875
184,658
335,388
530,962

771
1,583
2,372
4,569
7,282
12,874
18,849
26,258
47,505
76,921
158,048
287,049
454,435

Table M-805.4.1(14)
PIPE SIZING TABLE FOR 50 POUNDS PRESSURE CAPACITY OF PIPES FOR AN INITIAL PRESSURE OF
50.0 PSIG WITH A 10-PERCENT PRESSURE DROP AND A GAS OF 0.60 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Pipe size of
Schedule
40 standard
pipe
(inches)

Internal
diameter
(inches)

1.00
1.25
1.50
2,00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7,981
10.020
11.938

42

"

Pipe capacity (cubic feet of gas per hour)

Total equivalent length of pipe (feet)
50
12,993
26,676
39,970
76,977
122,690
216,893
317,564
442,393
800,352
),295,955
2,662,693
4,836,161
7,656,252

100
8,930
18,335

27,Pl

52,g06
84,324
149,070
218,260
304,054
550,077
890,703
1,830,054
3,323,866
5,262,099

150
7,171
14,723
22,060
I' 420485
67,715
119,708
175,271
244,166
4410732
.715,266
,1,469;598
2,669,182
4,225,651

200

250

6,138
5,440
12,601
11,168
16;733
18,881i
36,362:
32,227
57,955:
5,1,365
102,455
90,804
150,009
132,950
208,975
185,211
378;065
335;072
542,559
6)2.175
1,257;785 1,114,752
2,284,474 2,024,687
3,616,611 3,205,335

300

400

4,929
4,218
10,119
8,661
12,976
15.162
29,200
24,991
46,540
39,832
82,275
70,417
120,463
103,100
167,814
143,627
259,842
303,600
420,744
491;598
1,0110,04 9 864;469
1,834,514 1,570,106
2,904,266 2,485,676

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

3,739
7,676
11,501
22,149
35,303
62,409
91,376
127,294
230,293
372,898
766;163
1,391,556
2,203,009

2,570
5,276
7,904
15,223
24,263
42,893
62,802
87,489
158,279
256,291
526,579
956,409
1,514,115

2,063
4,236
6,348
12,225
19,484
34,445
50,432
70,256
127;104
205,810
422,862
768,030
1,215,888

1,766
3,626
5,433
10,463
16,676
29,480
43,164
60,130
108,784
176,1.47
361,915
657,334
1,040,843

GAS PIPING SYSTEMS

Table M-805.4.1(15)
MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF PIPE FOR UNDILUTED LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES AT 11 INCHES WATER COLUMN INLET PRESSURE
BASED ON A PRESSURE DROP OF 0.5 INCH WATER COLUMN
Nominal
iron pipe
size
(inches)
1/.1
3/4
.1
11/4

111.1

Pipe capacity (thousands of Btu per hour)

Length of pipe (feet)

10
275
567
1;071
2,205
3,307
6,221

20
189
393
732
:1,496
2,299
4,331

30
152
315
590
1,212
1,858
3,465

40
129
267
504
1,039
1,559
2,992

50
114
237
448
913
1,417
2,646

60
103
217
409
834
1,275
2,394

70
96
196
378
771
1,181
2,205

80
89
185
346
724
1,086
2,047

100
78
162
307
630
976
1,811

90
83
173
322
677
1,023
1,921

125
69
146
275
567
866
1,606

150
63
132
252
511
787
1,496

Table M-805.4.1(16)
MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF SEMIRIGID TUBING FOR UNblLUTED LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
AT 11 INCHES WATER COLUMN INLET PRESSURE
BASED ON A PRESSURE DROP OF 0.5 INCH WATER COLUMN
Tubing capacity (thousands of Btu per hour)

Outside
diameter
(inch)

Length of tubing (feet)

3/8

1/2

.%
3/4
7/8

"

10
39
92
199;
329
501

20
26
62
.131
216
346

30
21
50
107
181
277

40
19
41
90
145
233

M-806.2 Venting of regulators: Gas pressure regulators that

require a vent shall have an independent vent to the outside of
the building. The vent shall be designed to prevent the entry of
water or foreign objects.
Exception: A vent to the outside of the building is not
required for second stage regulators equipped with and
labeled for utilization with approved vent-limiting devices.
SECTION M-807.0 UNDERGROUND GAS PIPING

M-807.1 Clearance: Underground gas piping shall be installed

to allow proper maintenance and to protect against contact or
damage resulting from proximity to other structures. Underground plastic piping shall be installed with sufficient clearance
from any source of heat.

M-807.2 Minimum depth: Underground piping systems shall

be installed a minimum depth of 18 inches (457 mm) below
grade except as provided for in Section M-807.2.l.

M-S07.2.1 Individual outside appliances: Individual gas

lines to outside lights, grills or other appliances shall be
installed a minimum of 8 inches (203 mm) below grade
provided that such installation is approved and is installed in
locations not susceptible to physical damage.
M-S07.2.2 Protection offootings: Trenching installed parallel to footings shall not extend below the line of a 45-degree
(0.79 rad) angle downward from the loadbearing plane of the
footing, and shall confonn to the requirements of the building
code listed in Chapter 2l.
M-807.3 Protection against corrosion: Gas piping in contact
with material that will corrode the piping shall be protected in

50

60

70

80

90

100

37
79
131
198

35
72
121
187

31
67
112
164

29
62
104
155

27
59
95
146

26
55
90
138

an approved manner. Where dissimilar metals are joined underground, dielectric fittings or couplings shall be installed.

M-807.4 Connection of plastic piping: Connections between

metallic and plastic piping shall only be made outside, underground, with approved fittings. Where plastic pipe is connected
to rigidly held fittings, a protective sleeve complying with the
manufacturer's instructions shall be installed.

M-807.S Piping through foundation walls: Where installed

below grade through the outer foundation or basement wall of a
structure, underground piping shall be encased in an approved
sleeve. The annular space between the gas piping and the sleeve
shall be sealed at the foundation or basement wall to prevent
entry of gas or water.
M-807.6 Flood hazard: All underground piping located in a
flood-hazard zone (A Zone) or a high-hazard zone (V Zone) shall
be capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and
stresses, including the effects of buoyancy, during the occurrence
of flooding to the base flood elevation.
M-807.7 Tracer for plastic piping: An insulated copper tracer
wire or other approved conductor shall be installed adjacent to
underground nonmetallic gas piping. Access shall be provided to
the tracer wire or the tracer wire shall terminate above ground at
each end of the nonmetallic gas piping. The tracer wire size shall
not be less than 18 AWG and the insulation type shall be suitable
for direct burial.

Exception: A tracer wire is not required for individual gas

lines to outside lights and grills installed in accordance with
Section M-807.2.1.

43

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

SECTION M-808.0 OUTSIDE ABOVE-GROUND PIPING

M-SOS.l General: Piping installed outside above ground shall

be securely supported and protected from physical damage. Pipe
shall not be laid on the ground surface where subject to mechanical injury.
M-SOS.2 Flood hazard: All outside above-ground piping located in a flood-hazard zone (A Zone) or a high-hazard zone (V
Zone) shall be anchored and reinforced so that the piping is
capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and
stresses, including the effects of buoyancy, and loads resulting
from water-bome debris during the occurrence of flooding to the
base flood elevation.
SECTION M-809.0 INSIDE BUILDING GAS PIPING

M-S09.1 Stresses and strains: Gas piping shall be installed so

as to prevent strains and stresses which exceed the structural
strength of the pipe. Provisions shall be made to protect the
piping from damage resulting from expansion, contraction and
structural settlement.
Piping shall be installed so as not to create structural stresses
or strains within building components.
M-S09.2 Piping for other than dry gas: Piping for other than
dry gas shall be sloped not less than V4 inch in 15 feet (1 :720).
Horizontal lines shall slope upward to the risers and upward from
the risers to the meter, the service regulator or the equipment.
Drips shall be provided at such points to act as storage for
condensate. Access shall be provided to drips. A drip shall not be
located where the condensate will freeze.
M-S09.2.1 Branch connections: All branch connections
shall be made on the top or side of horizontal lines.
M-S09.3 Prohibited locations: Gas piping shall not be run in or
through supply air ducts, clothes chutes, chimneys, vents,
dumbwaiters or elevator shafts.
M-S09.3.1 Air plenums: Valves shall not be located in any
air plenum.
M-S09.4 Piping in concealed locations: Portions of a gas piping
system installed in concealed locations shall not have unions,
tubing fittings or running threads.
M-S09.S Protection against physical damage: In concealed
locations, where gas piping other than black or galvanized steel
is installed through holes or notches in wood studs, joists, rafters
or similar members less than I V4 inches (32 mm) from the
nearest edge of the member, the pipe shall be protected by shield
plates. Shield plates shall be a minimum of VI6-inch-thick (2
mm) steel, shall cover the area of the pipe where the member is
notched or bored, and shall extend a minimum of 4 inches (102
mm) above sole plates, below top plates and to each side of a
stud, joist or rafter.
M-S09.6 Concrete slabs: Gas piping embedded in concrete
slabs shall be surrounded with a minimum of I V2 inches (38 mm)
of concrete. The pipe shall not be in contact with any metal. The
slab concrete shall not contain quickset additives or cinder
aggregate.
M-S09.7 Cutting or notching: A structural member shall not be
cut, notched or pierced in excess of the limitations specified in

44

the building code listed in Chapter 21, unless proven safe by a

structural analysis.
SECTION M-810.0 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

M-SI0.1 Hanger material: Hangers and supports shall be of

material of sufficient strength to support the piping. Hangers and
strapping material shall be of similar material as the piping to
avoid galvanic action.
M-SIO.2 Interval of support: Gas piping shall be supported at
intervals not exceeding the spacing specified in Table M-81 0.2.
Table M-810.2
HANGER SPACING
Material
Rigid pipe, 3/4-inch diameter and under
.R. igid PiPe. J.-.i.nCh.dia.m~ter and.over

Maximum spaCing (feet)a

Tubing;.j1f4-inch diameW and under

Tubing, H-2-inch diameter and over

10

12

6
10

Note a. 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

SECTION M-811.0 SHUTOFF VALVES

M-Sll.1 Valve approval: Shutoff valves shall be of an approved

type. Shutoff valves shall be constructed with materials compatible with the gas piping.
M-Sl1.2 Exterior shutoff: An exterior shutoff valve shall be
provided for each structure.
M-Sll.3 Meter valve: Every meter shall be equipped with a
shutoff valve located on the supply side of the meter.
M-Sll.4 Appliance connection: Every gas outlet shall have an
individual shutoff valve. The shutoff valve shall be adjacent to
the appliance. Access shall be provided to the shutoff valve.
SECTION M-812.0 OUTLETS AND CONNECTIONS

M-S12.1 Gas connections: Gas appliances and equipment shall

be connected by rigid pipe, tubing or flexible connectors. A union
shall be installed between the appliance and the appliance
shutoff valve.
M-S12.2 Capped outlets: Gas outlets that do not connect to
appliances shall be capped gas tight.
SECTION M-813.0 GAS-DISPENSING SYSTEMS

M-S13.1 Dispenser protection: The gas dispenser shall have an

emergency switch to shut off the power to the dispenser. An
approved backflow device that prevents the reverse flow of gas
shall be installed on the gas supply pipe or in the gas dispenser.
M-S13.2 Ventilation: Gas-dispensing systems installed inside
the structure shall be ventilated by mechanical means in accordance with Section M-1604.0.
M-S13.3 Compressed natural gas vehicular fuel systems:
Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel-dispensing systems for
CNG vehicles shall be designed and installed in accordance with
NFiPA 52 listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-814.0 SUPPLEMENTAL AND STANDBY GAS SUPPLY

M-S14.1 Special supplementary gas: Where air, oxygen or

other special supplementary gas is introduced into the gas piping

GAS PIPING SYSTEMS

system, an approved backflow preventer shall be installed. The

backflow pre venter shall be on the gas line to the equipment
supplied by the special gas and located between the source ofthe
special gas and the gas meter.
M-S14.2 Standby gas: Where LP-gas or other standby gas is
interconnected with regular gas piping systems, an approved
three-way, two-port valve or other approved safeguard shall be
installed to prevent backflow into either supply system.
SECTION M-815.0 TESTING

M-SlS.l General: The gas piping shall be tested and inspected

in accordance with NFiPA 54 listed in Chapter 21.

SECTION M-816.0 PURGING GAS PIPING

M-S16.1 General: Gas piping systems shall be purged in accordance with NFiPA 54 listed in Chapter 21.

45

CHAPTER 9
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID STORAGE
AND PIPING SYSTEMS

SECTION M-901.0 GENERAL

M-901.2 Storage systems: Allflammahle and comhustihle liquid storage systems shall be installed in accordance with the
requirements of this code and NFiPA 30 or NFiPA 31 listed in
Chapter 21.

exceeding 40 psia (276 kPa) at 100 degrees F. (38 degrees C.).

Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I liquids and shall
be divided into the following classifications:
Class IA: Liquids having a flash point below 73 degrees F.
(23 degrees C.) and having a boiling point below 100 degrees
F. (38 degrees C.).
Class IB: Liquids having a flash point below 73 degrees F.
(23 degrees C.) and having a boiling point at or above 100
degrees F. (38 degrees C.).
Class IC: Liquids having aflash point at or above 73 degrees
F. (23 degrees C.) and below 100 degrees F. (38 degrees C.).

M-901.2.1 Maximum outside fuel oil storage above

ground: Where a comhustihle liquid storage system connects
to a fuel-oil piping system, the maximum amount stored
outside above ground without additional protection shall be
660 gallons (2.5 m3 ). Where the amount stored outside above
ground exceeds 660 gallons (2.5 m 3), the installation shall
conform to NFiPA 31 listed in Chapter 21.

Flash point: The minimum temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

at which aflammahle liquid will give off sufficient vapors to
form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface or in the
container, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of
a liquid shall be determined by appropriate test procedure and
apparatus as specified in ASTM 056 and ASTM 093 listed
in Chapter 21.

M-901.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the design, installation, construction and repair of flammahle and comhustihle
liquid storage and piping systems, including fuel oil piping,
except where such work is governed by the fire prevention code
listed in Chapter 21.

M-901.2.2 Maximum inside fuel oil storage: Where a comhustihle liquid storage system connects to a fuel-oil piping
system, the maximum amount stored inside any building shall
be 660 gallons (2.5 01 3). Where the amount stored inside a
building exceeds 660 gallons (2.5 01 3), the storage area shall
be classified as Use Group H and shall conform to the requirements for Use Group H in the building code listed in Chapter
21.
SECTION M-902.0 DEFINITIONS

M-902.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code, have
the meanings shown herein.
Combustible liquids: Any liquids having aflash point at or above
100 degrees F. (38 degrees C.) shall be known as Class II or
III liquids. Combustible liquids shall be divided into the
following classifications:
Class II: Liquids havingflash points at or above 100 degrees
F. (38 degrees C.) and below 140 degrees F. (60 degrees C.).
Class IlIA: Liquids having flash points at or above 140
degrees F. (60 degrees C.) and below 200 degrees F. (93
degrees C.).
Class IIIS: Liquids having flash points at or above 200
degrees F. (93 degrees C.).
Flammable liquids: Any liquid that has aflash point below 100
degrees F. (38 degrees C.), and has a vapor pressure not

Fuel-oil piping system: A closed piping system that connects a

comhustible liquid from a source of supply to a fuel-oil-burning appliance.
SECTION M-903.0 MATERIAL

M-903.1 General: Storage tanks and piping materials shall

conform to the standards cited in this section.
M-903.2 Rated for system: All materials shall be rated for the
operating temperatures and pressures of the system, and shall be
compatible with the type of liquid.
M-903.3 Storage tanks: All shop-fabricated flammahle and
comhustihle liquid storage tanks shall bear the lahel of an approved agency. Bolted and field-welded tanks shall comply with
this eode and with the structural and inspection requirements of
the building code I isted in Chapter 21. The tanks shall conform
to one of the appropriate standards listed in Table M-903.3.
M-903.4 Pipe standards: Flammahle and comhustible liquid
pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table M903.4.
M-903.S Nonmetallic pipe: All nonmetallic pipe shall bear the
lahel of an approved agency as being acceptable for the intended
application for flammable and comhustible liquids. Nonmetallic
pipe shall only be installed outside, underground.

47

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-903.3
flAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID STORAGE TANKS

shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS AS.8

listed in Chapter 21.

Standard (see Chapter 21)

M-904.3.2 Mechanical joint,,: Mechanical joints shall be

installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Material
Glass-fiber reinforced plastic
Glass-fiber reinforced polyester
Steel

UL 1316
ASTM 04021
API 12B;API 120;API 12R
API 650; UL 58; UL 80; UL 142;
UL 443; STI Standard
for Dual Wall Underground
Steel Storage Tanks

Table M-903.4
flAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID PIPE
Material
Brass pipe
Brass tubing
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K, L or M)
Labeled pipe
Nonmetallic pipe
Steel pipe
Steel tubing

Standard (see Chapter 21)

ASTM B43
ASTM B135
ASTM B42; ASTM B302
ASTM B75; ASTM B88;
ASTM B280
(see Section M-903.5)
ASTM 02996
ASTM A53; ASTM A106
ASTM A254; ASTM A539

M-903.6 Fittings and valves: Fittings and valves shall be approved for the piping systems, and shall be compatible with or
shall be of the same material as the pipe or tubing.
M-903.7 Bending of pipe: Pipe shall be approved for bending.
Pipe bends shall be made with approved equipment. The bend
shall not exceed the structural limitations of the pipe.
M-903.8 Pumps: Pumps that are not part of an appliance shall
be of a positive-displacement type. The pump shall automatically shut off the supply when not in operation. All pumps
shall bear the label of an approved agency.
M-903.9 Flexible connectors and hoses: Flexible connectors
and hoses shall bear the label of an approved agency.
SECTION M-904.0 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

M-904.1 Approval: All joints and connections shall be of an

approved type for flammable and combustible liquid piping
systems. Joints and connections shall be tight for the pressure
required by test.
M-904.1.1 Joints between different piping materials:
Joints between different piping materials shall be made with
approved adapter fittings. Joints between different metallic
piping materials shall be made with approved dielectric fittings or brass converter fittings.
M-904.2 Preparation of pipe ends: All pipe shall be cut square,
reamed and chamfered and be free from all burrs and obstructions. Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall not be
undercut.
M-904.3 Joint preparation and installation: Where required
by Sections M-904.4 through M-904.l0, the preparation and
installation of brazed, mechanical, threaded and welded joints
shall comply with Sections M-904.3.1 through M-904.3.4.
M-904.3.1 Brazedjoints: All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joints

48

M-904.3.3 Threaded joints: Threads shall conform to

ASME B 1.20.1 listed in Chapter 21. Pipe-joint compound or
tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
M-904.3.4 Welded joints: All joint surfaces shall be cleaned
by approved procedure. The joint shall be welded with an
approved filler metal.
M-904.4 Brass pipe: Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall
be brazed, mechanical, threaded or welded joints complying
with Section M-904.3.
M-904.S Brass tubing: Joints between brass tubing or fittings
shall be brazed or mechanical joints complying with Section
M-904.3.
M-904.6 Copper or copper-alloy pipe: Joints between copper
or copper-alloy pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical,
threaded or welded joints complying with Section M-904.3.
M-904.7 Copper or copper-alloy tubing: Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed or mechanical joints complying with Section M-904.3 or flared joints
complying with Section M-904.7.1.
M-904.7.1 Flared joints: Flared joints shall be made by a
tool designed for that operation.
M-904.S Nonmetallic pipe: Joints between nonmetallic pipe or
fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions for the labeled pipe and fittings.
M-904.9 Steel pipe: Joints between steel pipe or fittings shall
be threaded or welded joints complying with Section M-904.3
or mechanical joints complying with Section M-904.9.1.
M-904.9.1 Mechanical joints: Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints shall be installed outside, underground,
unless otherwise approved.
M-904.10 Steel tubing: Joints between steel tubing or fittings
shall be mechanical or welded joints complying with Section
M-904.3.
SECTION M-905.0 CORROSION PROTECTION AND LEAK DETECTION

M-90S.1 Corrosion protection: All underground storage tanks,

hold-down straps and piping systems shall be protected against
corrosion. The means of protection shall conform to STl P3, UL
1746 or ULC CAN/ULC-S603.1 listed in Chapter 21, or shall be
specifically designed by a registered design professional and
approved.
Exception: Corrosion protection is not required for nonmetallic tanks and nonmetallic piping systems.
M-90S.2 Steel pipe coating: Steel pipe or tubing installed
underground shall be coated with an approved coating such as
bituminous, epoxy or polyethylene.

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE lI0UID STORAGE AND PIPING SYSTEMS

M-90S.3 Tank isolation: Metallic piping connections to a steel

underground storage tank shall be by approved dielectric fittings.
Metallic hold-down straps shall be electrically isolated from
steel tanks.
M-90S.4 Leak detection: All underground storage tanks and
piping systems shall be monitored in an approved manner for
leaks of flammable or combustible liquid.
Exception: Monitoring is not required for underground
storage tanks that have a capacity of l,OOO gallons (3.8 m 3 )
or less and that serve fuel-oil-burning equipment.
SECTION M-906.0 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
M-906.1 Expansion and contraction: Piping shall be installed
so as to prevent strains and stresses which will exceed the
limitations of the pipe. Provisions shall be made to protect the
piping from damage resulting from expansion, contraction and
structural settlement. Piping shall be installed so as not to create
structural stresses or strains within building components.
M-906.2 Hanger material: Hangers and supports shall be of
material of sufficient strength to support the piping. Hangers and
strapping material shall be of similar materials as the piping to
avoid galvanic action.
M-906.3 Interval of spacing: Piping shall be supported at
distances not exceeding the spacing specified in Table M-906.3.
Table M-906.3
HANGER SPACING

Piping material
Brass pipe
Brass tubing, 11/4-inch diameter and smaller
Brass tubing, 11;2-inch diameter and larger
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
Copper or copper-alloy tubing, 1V4-inch
diameter and smaller
Copper or copper-alloy tubing, 1V2-inch
diameter and larger
Steel pipe
Steel tubing

Maximum
horizontal
spacing
(feet)a

Maximum
vertical
spacing
(feet)a

10
12

10
10
10
10

10

10

10

10

12
8

15

10

Note a. 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

SECTION M-907.0 UNDERGROUND PIPING

M-907.1 Material protection: The piping material shall be
installed to protect against contact or damage from structures.
M-907.2 Trenching and bedding: Trenches shall be excavated
to a depth below the elevation of the pipe such that the bottom
of the trench does not form the bed for the pipe. The trench shall
be backfilled to the elevation of the pipe with noncorrosive inert
material such as sand or gravel placed in a maximum of 6-inch
(152 mm) layers compacted after placement. Where rock is
encountered, the rock shall be removed to a point a minimum of
3 inches (76 mm) below the elevation of the pipe. The trench
shall be backfilled with noncorrosive inert material such as sand
or gravel to a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above the pipe.
The backfill shall be compacted to retain pipe alignment.

M-907.3 Depth: The minimum depth of pipe installed underground shall be 18 inches (457 mm).
M-907.3.1 Protection offootings: Trenching installed parallel to footings shall not extend below the line of a 45-degree
(0.79 rad) angle downward from the loadbearing plane of the
footing, and shall conform to the requirements of the building
code listed in Chapter 21.
M-907.4 Flexible joints: A flexible (swing) joint shall be installed at every change in direction from the vertical to the
horizontal or from the horizontal to the vertical in an underground piping system. A flexible joint shall be a joint that makes
a single change in direction with either an approved flexible
connector or two fittings with a nipple between the fittings. The
fittings shall not be street fittings, nor shall the nipple be a close
nipple.
SECTION M-90B.O UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK INSTALLATION
M-90S.l Tank handling: Storage tanks shall not be lifted and
lowered by any means other than the lifting lugs installed by the
tank manufacturer. Tanks shall not be dropped, dragged or handled with sharp objects.
M-90S.2 Location: Storage tanks installed underground or
below a building shall not have any loads from the building
foundation system transmitted to the tank. Flammable liquid
storage tanks shall be located a minimum of I foot (305 mm)
from any wall and 3 feet (914 mm) from a lot line. Combustible
liquid storage tanks shall be located a minimum of I foot (305
mm) from any wall or lot line.
M-90S.3 Excavation: The excavation for the lank shall be sized
to permit the minimum backfill around the tank required by
Section M-908.5 and I foot (305 mm) of bedding underneath the
tank. The maximum depth of the excavation shall be twice the
tank diameter or 23 feet (7010 mm), whichever is less, unless the
installation is designed for a greater depth and approved by the
tank manufacturer.
M-90S.4 High ground water and flood hazard: Tanks and
piping installed in areas of high ground water, flood-hazard
zones (A Zones) or high-hazard zones (V Zones) shall be
anchored and reinforced to resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic
loads and stresses. The anchoring and reinforcing shall resist the
effects of buoyancy with the tank either empty or full when the
ground water table is at the high point and during the occurrence
of flooding to the base flood elevation.
M-90S.4.1 Hold-down straps: Hold-down straps or cables
shall be acceptable to the tank manufacturer and installed in
accordance with the tank manufacturer's instructions.
M-90S.4.2 Hold-down pads: Hold-down pads shall be
separated from the tank by a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm)
of backfill for steel tanks and 12 inches (305 mm) of backfi II
for nonmetallic tanks.
M-90S.S Installation and backfill: Tanks shall be installed on
a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) of backfill, forming a bed of
the excavation. Backfill material shall be placed around the tank
in such a manner as to prevent the movement of the tank. The
minimum amount of backfill around the tank shall be 12 inches

49

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

(305 mm) for a steel tank and 24 inches (610 mm) for a nonmetallic tank.

M-90R.S.l Backfill material: Backfill shall be noncorrosive

inert material such as pea gravel, crushed rock, sand or gravel.
The pea gravel shall have a minimum size of l/2 inch (13 mm)
and a maximum size of 3/4 inch (19 mm). Washed crushed
rock or gravel shall have a minimum size of l/s inch (3 mm)
and a maximum size of 1;2 inch (13 mm). Backfill for nonmetallic tanks shall not be sand unless approved by the tank
manufacturer.
M-90S.6 Cover in traffic areas or under a building: Tanks
installed in areas subject to vehicular traffic or under a building
shall have a minimum cover of 18 inches (457 mm) of backfill
material and 6 inches (152 mm) of reinforced concrete, or 30
inches (762 mm) of backfill material and 6 inches (152 mm) of
asphaltic concrete. The cover shall extend a minimum of 1 foot
(305 mm) beyond the vertically projected outline of the tank.
M-90S.7 Cover in nontraffic areas: Tanks installed in areas not
subject to vehicular traffic shall have a minimum cover of 12
inches (305 mm) of backfill material and 12 inches (305 mm) of
earth, or 12 inches (305 mm) of backfill material and 4 inches
(102 mm) of reinforced concrete.
SECTION M-909.0 FUEl Oil SYSTEM INSTALLATION

M-909.1 Size: The fuel oil system shall be sized for the maximum capacity of fuel oil required. The minimum size of a supply
line shall be :}1;-inch inside diameter nominal. The minimum size
of a return line shall be l/4-inch inside diameter nominal.
M-909.2 Protection of pipe and equipment: All fuel oil pipe
and equipment shall be protected from physical damage.
M-909.2.1 Flood hazard: All fuel oil pipe located in a
flood-hazard zone (A Zone) or a high-hazard zone (V Zone)
shall be capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic
loads and stresses, including the effects of buoyancy, during
the occurrence of flooding to the base flood elevation.
M-909.3 Supply piping: Supply piping shall connect to the top
of the fuel oil tank. Fuel oil shall be supplied by a transfer pump
or automatic pump or by other approved means.
Exception: This section shall not apply to inside or aboveground fuel oil tanks.

M-909.4 Return piping: Return piping shall connect to the top

of the fuel oi I tank. Valves shall not be installed on return piping.

M-910.3 Fuel dispensing outside the building: Fuel dispensing

outside the building shall be located a minimum of 10 feet (3048
mm) from the lot line and 5 feet (1524 mm) from any building
opening. Where a dispenser fronts on a street or public way, the
separation distance shall be measured to the centerline of the
street or public way.
M-910.4 Fuel dispensing inside the building: Fuel-dispensing
areas located inside the building shall be ventilated by mechanical means in accordance with Section M-1604.0. The fuel-dispensing area shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire
suppression system installed in accordance with the building
code listed in Chapter 21.
M-910.5 Warning signs: Warning signs shall be visibly posted
in every fuel-dispensing area open to the public. The signs shall
indicate the following information:
1. It is illegal and dangerous to fill unapproved containers
with fuel.
2. Smoking is prohibited.
3. Engine shall be shut off during refueling.
M-910.6 Self-service instructions: Operating instructions shall
be visibly posted on every dispenser at a self-service fuel-dispensing area.
SECTION M-911.0 FUEl Oil VALVES

M-91l.1 Building shutoff: A shutoff valve shall be installed on

the fuel oil supply line at the entrance to the building. Inside or
above-ground tanks are permitted to have valves installed at the
tanle The valve shall be capable of stopping the flow of fuel oil
to the building or to the equipment served where the valve is
installed at a tank inside the building.
M-91l.2 Appliance shutoff: A shutoff valve shall be installed
at the connection to each appliance where more than one fueloil-burning appliance is installed.
M-91l.3 Pump relief valve: A relief valve shall be installed on
the pump discharge line where a valve is located downstream of
the pump and the pump is capable of exceeding the pressure
limitations of the fuel oil system.
M-91l.4 Fuel oil heater relief valve: A relief valve shall be
installed on the discharge line of fuel-ail-heating equipment.
M-91l.S Relief valve operation: The relief valve shall discharge fuel oil when the pressure exceeds the limitations of the
system. The discharge line shall connect to the fuel oil tank.
SECTION M-912.0 TESTS

M-910.1 Installation: All fuel-dispensing systems shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this section and
NFiPA 30 or NFiPA 30A listed in Chapter 21.

M-912.1 Piping: Allflammable and combustible liquid piping

systems shall be tested after installation and prior to being placed
in service with air or with any of the following gases: helium,
argon, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The system shall be tested to
a minimum of one and one-half times the system operating
pressure, but not less than 5 psi (34 kPa). The system shall
maintain the test pressure without the addition of air or other test
gas for a minimum of 10 minutes.

M-910.2 Dispenser protection: Each fuel dispenser shall be

protected against motor vehicle impact. Where physical barriers
are installed, such barriers shall rise a minimum of30 inches (762
mm) above the driving surface.

M-912.2 Tanks: All flammable and combustible liquid storage

tanks shall be tested after installation and prior to the introduction of product with air or with any of the following gases:
helium, argon, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The tanks shall be

M-909.5 System pressure: The system shall be designed for the

maximum pressure required by the fuel-oil-burning equipment.
SECTION M-910.0 FUEl-DISPENSING SYSTEMS

50

CHAPTER 10
COMBUSTION AIR

SECTION M-l 001.0 GENERAL

M-IOO1.1 Scope: The provisions of this chapter shall govern the

requirements for combustion air for all fuel-burning appliances
or equipment.
M-IOO1.2 Combustion air required: All fuel-burning appliances shall be provided with adequate combustion air. Combustion air shall be inside or outdoor air, or shall be provided by a
direct outdoor connection or a special engineered system.

M-IOOI.3 Circulation of air: Every room containing fuel-burning equipment shall be designed for the free circulation of air.
Adequate provisions shall be made for any openings or devices
which cause the depletion of combustion air.
SECTION M-l002.0 OEFINITIONS

M-I002.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for

the purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.
Combustion air: The amount of air required for safe and proper
combustion.
SECTION M-1003.0 INSIDE AIR

M-I003.1 Amount of air: Inside air shall be available for each

fuel-burning appliance at a rate of 40 cubic feet of room air
volume per 1,000 British thermal units per hour (Btuh) (3.86
m'/kW) input rating. In buildings of tight construction where the
air exchange rate is less than 0.5 air changes per hour, additional
air shall be provided in accordance with Section M-1004.0 or
M-1006.0.

M-I003.2 Openings: Where the room in which the appliance is

located does not meet the criterion specified in Section M1003.1, openings to adjacent spaces shall be provided so that the
combined volume of all spaces meets the criterion. Two openings
shall be provided, one near the top of the room and one near the
bottom.
M-I003.2.1 Size of opening: Each opening shall have an
unobstructed area equal to a minimum of 1 square inch per
1,000 Btuh (2201 mm 2/kW) input rating of all appliances
installed in the space, but not less than 100 square inches
(64516 mm 2).
SECTION M-1004.0 OUTDOOR AIR

M-I004.1 Connections to outdoors: Where the space in which

fuel-burning appliances are located does not meet the criterion
for indoor air as specified in Section M-1003.1, the room shall

have two openings to the outdoors. One opening shall be located

near the top of the room and one near the bottom. Openings are
permitted to connect to spaces directly communicating with the
outdoors, such as ventilated crawl spaces or attic spaces.

M-I004.2 Size of horizontal openings: Each opening through

a horizontal duct shall have an unobstructed area equal to a
minimum of I square inch per 2,000 British thermal units per
hour (Btu h) (1100 mm2/kW) total input rating. Each direct
opening through a wall shall have an unobstructed area equal to
a minimum of I square inch per 4,000 Btuh (550 mm 2/k W) total
input rating.
M-I004.3 Size of vertical openings: Each opening through a
floor, ceiling or vertical duct shall have an unobstructed area
equal to a minimum of I square inch per 4,000 Btuh (550
mm 2/kW) total input rating.
M-I004.4 Operation of openings: Combustion air openings
shall be open when the fuel-burning appliance is operating.
Dampers are permitted to be electrically connected to the firing
cycle of the appliance.
SECTION M-1005.0 DIRECT CONNECTION

M-IOOS.l General: Fuel-burning appliances that have been

tested for direct combustion air connection to the outdoors shall
be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
SECTION M-1006.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION

M-I006.1 General: Combustion air is permitted to be provided

by the mechanical ventilation system. The supply air rate shall
be increased over the required ventilation air by a rate equal to
a minimum of 1 cubic foot per minute per 3,000 British thermal
units per hour (0.00047 m'/s per 0.8793 kW) total input rating.
Each appliance shall be electrically connected to the ventilation
system to prevent fuel burning when the ventilation system is not
in operation.
SECTION M-1007.0 OPENING OBSTRUCTIONS

M-I007.1 General: The unobstructed area of each opening shall

be considered for determining combustion air. The opening
determined by the manufacturer shall be considered unobstructed.

M-I007.2 Louvered openings: The unobstructed area of metallouvered openings shall be considered 75 percent of the total
area. The unobstructed area of wood-louvered openings shall be
considered 25 percent of the total area.

53

CHAPTER 11
CLEARANCE REDUCTION

SECTION M-1101.0 GENERAL

M-l101.l Scope: This chapter shall govern the reduction in

required clearances to combustibles of chimneys, vents, kitchen
exhaust equipment, appliances and mechanical equipment.
SECTION M-1102.0 REDUCED CLEARANCES

M-U02.1 Labeled reduction: The required clearances to combustibles are permitted to be reduced by methods that have been
tested and bear the label of an approved agency.
M-U02.2 Reduction table: The required clearances to combustibles are permitted to be reduced where protected in accordance
with one of the methods specified in Table M-lI02.2. The
reduced clearance distances in the table shall be measured from
the device to the face of the protection.
Table M-1102.2
REDUCED CLEARANCE TO COMBUSTIBLES

Reduced clearance protection assembly

(spacers shall be noncombustible)
Y8-inch unpainted aluminum plate, spaced 1 inch off the wall
Y8-inch painted aluminum plate, spaced 1 inch off the wall

Minimum air space between the device and the reduced

clearance protection assembly (inches)"
Required clearance to combustibles without protection (inches)"
36

18

28

Unpainted galvanized sheet metal, minimum nominal thickness of

0.019 inch (No. 28 Gage), mounted on 1;2-inch inorganic
insulating board attached directly to the wall

Unpainted galvanized sheet metal, minimum nominal thickness

of 0.019 inch (No. 28 Gage), spaced 1 inch off the wall

24

Two layers of painted galvanized sheet metal, minimum nominal

thickness of 0.019 inch (No. 28 Gage), having a i-inch air space
between layers, spaced 1 inch off the wall

1i4-inch inorganic insulating board having painted galvanized sheet

metal, minimum nominal thickness of 0.019 inch (No. 28 Gage),
attached on both sides spaced 1 inch off the wall

30

18

Painted galvanized sheet metal, minimum nominal thickness

of 0.019 inch (No. 28 Gage), spaced 1 inch off the wall

1f4-inch inorganic insulating board, spaced 1 inch off the wall

Two layers of painted galvanized sheet metal, minimum nominal
thickness of 0.028 inch (No. 24 Gage), having 1 inch of
fiberglass insulation between layers, spaced 1 inch off the wall
3112-inch brick wall, spaced 1 inch off the wall
Note a. 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

55

CHAPTER 12
CHIMNEYS AND VENTS

SECTION M-1201.0 GENERAL

M-1201.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the installation,

maintenance, repair and approval of all chimneys, vents and
connectors.
M-1201.2 Location: Chimney or vent termination openings
shall be located a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the lot
line unless otherwise approved.
M-1201.3 Size of chimney or vent: The size of the chimney or
vent, in other than multiple connections and engineered systems,
shall have a minimum area equal to the area of the appliance
connection.
M-1201.4 Abandoned inlet openings: Abandoned inlet openings in chimneys and vents shall be closed by an approved
method.
M-1201.5 Cutting or notching: A structural member shall not
be cut, notched or pierced in excess of the limitations specified
in the building code listed in Chapter 21, unless proven safe by
a structural analysis.
SECTION M-1202.0 DEFINITIONS

M-1202.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for

the purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

Appliance (mechanical):
Appliance, high heat: Any appliance operating at higher
temperatures than a medium-heat appliance.
Appliance, low heat: Any appliance in which the products of
combustion at the point of entrance to the flue under normal
operating conditions have a temperature of 1,000 degrees F.
(538 degrees C.) or less.
Appliance, medium heat: Any appliance in which the
products of combustion at the point of entrance to the flue
under normal operating conditions have a temperature not
greater than 2,000 degrees F. (1093 degrees C.).
Appliance, unvented: An appliance designed or installed in
such a manner that the products of combustion are not conveyed by a vent or chimney directly to the outside atmosphere.
Appliance, vented: An appliance designed and installed in
such a manner that all of the products of combustion are
conveyed directly from the appliance to the outside atmosphere through an approved chimney or vent system.

Chimney: A primarily vertical enclosure containing one or more

passageways.
Factory-built: A chimney that is factory made and labeled
by an approved testing or inspection agency for the venting
of gas appliances, gas incinerators and solid or liquid fuelburning appliances.
High-heat appliance type: An approved chimney for removing
the products of combustion from fuel-burning, high-heat appliances producing combustion gases in excess of 2,000 degrees
F. (1093 degrees C.) measured at the appliance fuel outlet.
Low-heat appliance type: An approved chimney for removing the products of combustion from fuel-burning, low-heat
appliances producing combustion gases not in excess of
1,000 degrees F. (538 degrees C.) under normal operating
conditions, but capable of producing combustion gases of
1,400 degrees F. (760 degrees C.) during intermittent forced
firing for periods up to I hour. All temperatures shall be
measured at the appliance t1ue outlet.
Masonry: A field-constructed chimney of solid masonry
units, stones or reinforced concrete.
Medium-heat appliance type: An approved chimney for
removing the products of combustion from fuel-burning,
medium-heat appliances producing combustion gases not
exceeding 2,000 degrees F. (1093 degrees C.) measured at the
appliance flue outlet.
Metal: A field-constructed chimney made of metal.
Chimney connector: A pipe that connects a fuel-burning appliance to a chimney.
Chimney liner: The lining material of approved fire clay or
other approved material.

Vent: A conduit or passageway for conveying products of combustion from fuel-fired appliances, or their vent connectors,
to the outside atmosphere.

Vent connector: The pipe that connects an approved fuel-fired

appliance to a chimney or vent.
SECTION M-1203.0 WHERE REQUIRED

M-1203.1 General: Every fuel-burning appliance shall discharge the products of combustion to a vent, factory-built chimney, masonry chimney or metal chimney, except for appliances
conforming to Section M-1203.2. The chimney or vent shall be
designed for the type of appliance being vented.

57

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-n03.l.1 Special vent systems: Appliances that have been

tested for utilization with a special vent system shaH be vented
in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
M-1203.2 Unvented appliances: A chimney or vent shaH not be
required for appliances that are tested for unvented operation.
Unvented appliances shall be operated and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
SECTION M-1204.0 VENT SYSTEM

M-1204.1 Approval: All vent systems shall bear the label of an

approved agency. Type Band BW vents shall be tested in
accordance with UL 441 listed in Chapter 21. Type L vents shall
be tested in accordance with UL 641 listed in Chapter 21.
M-1204.2 Connection and size: Appliances shall be approved
for connection to a vent system.
M-1204.3 Installation: Vent systems shall be instaHed and terminated in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
M-l204.3.1 Starting height: The vent system shall originate
at a point that is convenient for the appliance installation.
M-1204.3.2 Protection of the vent system: Vent systems
shall be protected from physical damage, except for the floor
where the connecting appliance is located. Floor and ceiling
penetrations shall be firestopped in accordance with the building code listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-1205.0 FACTORY-BUILT CHIMNEYS

M-120S.1 Approval: AH factory-built chimneys shall bear the

label of an approved agency. Factory-bui It chimneys for residential-type and building-heating appliances shall be tested in accordance with UL 103 listed in Chapter 21. Factory-built
chimneys for medium-heat appliances shall be tested in accordance with UL 959 listed in Chapter 21.
M-120S.2 Installation: Factory-built chimneys shall be instaHed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
M-nOS.2.1 Starting height: The chimney shall originate at
a point that is convenient for the appliance installation.
M-120S.2.2 Protection ofthe chimney: Factory-built chimneys shall be protected from physical damage, except for the
floor where the connecting appliance is located. Floor and
ceiling penetrations shall be firestopped in accordance with
the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-120S.2.3 Termination: Factory-built chimneys shall terminate outdoors above the roof of the building. Chimney
outlets shall be located a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm) above
the highest point that the chimney penetrates the roof. Chimney outlets shall be a minimum of2 feet (610mm) higher than
any portion of the building within 10 feet (3048 mm).
M-120S.3 Connection: Factory-built chimneys for installation
with closed combustion, wood-burning residential and low-heat
appliances shall comply with the 'Type HT" requirements ofUL
103 listed in Chapter 21. Chimneys for factory-built fireplaces
shall conform to UL 127 listed in Chapter 21. Factory-built
chimneys for open combustion chamber free-standing fireplace

58

stoves conforming only to UL 737 in Chapter 21 shall utilize

residential-type and building-heating appliance chimneys that
conform to UL 103 listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-1206.0 MASONRY CHIMNEYS,
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

M-1206.1 Foundations: Masonry chimneys shall be supported

on approved noncombustible foundations. The supports shall be
independent of the building construction and the load shall be
transferred to the ground.
M-1206.2 Structural design: Chimneys shall not support any
structural load other than the weight of the chimney unless such
chimneys are designed to act as supporting members. Chimneys
shall be anchored laterally at the ceiling lines and at each floor
line that is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade.
M-1206.3 Corbeling: Masomy chimneys shall not be corbeled
from a wall more than 6 inches (152 mm). A masonry chimney
shall not be corbeled from a wall that is less than 12 inches (305
mm) in thickness, unless the chimney projects equally on each
side of the wall. In the second story of a two-story building,
corbeling of masonry chimneys on the exterior of the enclosing
walls shall not exceed the exterior wall thickness. The maximum
horizontal projection of each course of brick shall not exceed
one-half of the height of the masonry unit and one-third of the
thickness or depth of the masonry unit.
M-1206.4 Change in size or shape: Masonry chimneys shall
not change in size or shape within 6 inches (152 mm) above or
below any combustible floor, ceiling or roof component
penetrated by the chimney.
M-1206.S Offsets: Where a masonry chimney is constructed
with a fire-clay flue liner surrounded by one wythe of masonry,
the maximum offset shall be such that the centerline of the flue
above the offset does not extend beyond the center of the
chimney wall below the offset. Where the chimney offset is
supported by masonry below the offset in an approved manner,
the maximum offset limitations shall not apply. Each individual
corbeled masonry course of the offset shall not exceed the
projection limitations specified in Section M-1206.3.
M-1206.6 Cleanouts: All masomy chimneys, except chimneys
serving fireplaces, shall be provided with an approved cleanout
having a tight-fitting cover. Such cleanouts shall be installed at
least 12 inches (305 mm) below the lowest chimney inlet opening.
M-1206.7 Firestopping: All spaces between chimneys and
floors and ceilings through which chimneys pass shall be firestopped with noncombustible material. The firestopping of
spaces between chimneys and wood joists, beams or headers
shall be to a depth of 1 inch (25 mm), and shall only be placed
on strips of metal or metal lath laid across the spaces between
combustible material and the chimney.
SECTION M-1207.0 MASONRY CHIMNEYS
FOR LOW-HEAT APPLIANCES

M-1207.1 Construction: Masomy chimneys for low-heat appliances shall be constructed of solid masonry units or reinforced
concrete with walls not less than 4 inches (102 mm) thick or
rubble stone masonry not less than 12 inches (305 mm) thick.

CHIMNEYS AND VENTS

Masonry shall be constructed with full bed and head mortar

joints.
M-1207.2 Lining: Masonry chimneys for low-heat appliances
shall be lined with fire-clay lining complying with ASTM C315
listed in Chapter 21 or an approved equivalent, not less than 5/8
inch (16 mm) thick, or with a liner of other approved material
that will resist corrosion, softening or cracking from flue gases
at temperatures up to 1,800 degrees F. (982 degrees C.).
M-1207.2.1 Fire-clay flue liner: The fire-clay flue liner shall
be installed ahead of the construction of the chimney as the
chimney is carried up and carefully bedded one on the other
in an approved medium-duty refractory mortar, with closefitting joints left smooth on the inside.
M-1207.2.2 Space between liner and chimney: Liners shall
be separate from the chimney wall, and the space between the
liner and masonry shall not be filled. Only enough mortar
shall be placed to make the joint and hold the liners in
position.
M-1207.2.3 Extension of lining: Flue liners shall start from
a point a minimum of 8 inches (203 mm) below the lowest
vent connector entrance. The lining shall extend vertically for
the entire height of the chimney.
M-1207.2.4 Two adjoining flues: Where two adjoining flues
in the same chimney are separated only by flue liners, the
joints of the adjacent flue liners shall be staggered a minimum
of 7 inches (178 mm).
M-1207.2.S More than two flues: Where more than two
flues are located in the same chimney, masonry wythes (partitions) a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) wide and bonded
into the masonry walls of the chimney shall be built at such
points between adjacent flue linings so that there are not more
than two flues in any group of adjoining flues without such
wythe separation.
M-1207.3 Termination height: Masonry chimneys shall terminate outdoors above the roof of the building. Chimney outlets
shall be located a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm) above the highest
point that the chimney penetrates the roof. Chimney outlets shall
be a minimum of 2 feet (610 mm) higher than any portion of the
building within 10 feet (3048 mm).
M-1207.4 Clearances: Any portion of a masonry chimney located within the exterior wall of the building shall have a
minimum airspace clearance of2 inches (51 mm) to combustible
materials. Chimneys located entirely outside the exterior walls
of the building, including chimneys that pass through the soffit
or cornice, shall have a minimum airspace clearance of I inch
(25 mm). The airspace shall not be filled, except to provide
firestopping in accordance with Section M-1207.5.
Exception: Masonry chimneys equipped with a chimney
lining system tested and labeled for installations in contact
with combustibles in accordance with UL 1777 listed in
Chapter 21, and installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions, are permitted to have combustible material in contact with the masonry chimney exterior
surfaces. Noncombustible firestopping shall be provided in
accordance with Section M-1207.5.

M-1207.S Firestopping: Floor and ceiling penetrations shall be

firestopped in accordance with Section M-1206.7 and the building code listed in Chapter 21.

SECTION M-120B.O MASONRY CHIMNEYS

FOR MEDIUM-HEAT APPLIANCES
M-120S.1 Construction: Masonry chimneys for medium-heat
appliances shall be constructed of solid masonry units or of
reinforced concrete with walls a minimum of 8 inches (203 mm)
thick, or with stone masonry a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm)
thick.
M-120S.2 Lining: Masonry for medium-heat appliance chimneys shall be lined with an approved medium-duty refractory
brick, a minimum of 4 1;2 inches (114 mm) thick laid on the
4 1h-inch (114 mm) bed in an approved medium-duty refractory
mortar. The lining shall start 2 feet (610 mm) or more below the
lowest chimney connector entrance and shall extend to a minimum height of 25 feet (7620 mm) above the highest chimney
connector entrance. Chimneys terminating 25 feet (7620 mm) or
less above a chimney connector entrance shall be lined to the top.
M-120S.2.1 Multiple passageway: Masonry chimneys containing more than one passageway shall have the liners
separated by a minimum 4-inch-thick (102 mm) solid masonry wall.
M-120S.3 Termination height: Masonry chimneys for
medium-heat appliances shall extend a minimum of 10 feet
(3048 mm) higher than any portion of any building within 25
feet (7620 mm).
M-120S.4 Clearance: A minimum clearance of 4 inches (102
mm) shall be provided between the exterior surfaces of a masonry chimney for medium-heat appliances and combustible
material.
SECTION M-1209.0 MASONRY CHIMNEYS
FOR HIGH-HEAT APPLIANCES

M-1209.1 Construction: Masonry chimneys for high-heat appliances shall be constructed with double walls of solid masonry
units or reinforced concrete, each wall to be a minimum of 8
inches (203 mm) thick with a minimum airspace of2 inches (51
mm) between the walls.
M-1209.2 Lining: The inside of the interior wall shall be lined
with an approved high-duty refractory brick, a minimum of
4lf2 inches (102 mm) thick laid on the 4lf2-inch (102 mm) bed
in an approved high-duty refractory mortar. The lining shall start
at the base of the chimney and extend continuously to the top.
M-1209.3 Termination height: Masonry chimneys for highheat appliances shall extend a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm)
higher than any portion of any building within 50 feet (15240
mm).
M-1209.4 Clearance: Masonry chimneys for high-heat appliances shall have approved clearance from buildings and structures to prevent overheating combustible material, to permit
inspection and maintenance operations on the chimney, and to
prevent danger of burns to persons.

59

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

SECTION M-1210.0 METAL CHIMNEYS, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

M-Ul0.1 Support: Metal chimneys shall be supported on approved noncombustible foundations. The supports shall be independent of the building construction and the load shall be
transferred to the ground.

M-1210.2 Cleanouts: Cleanout openings shall be provided at

the base of every metal chimney.

M-1210.3 Construction: Metal chimneys shall be riveted or

welded. Chimneys shall be structurally supported and anchored
to the building. Metal chimneys shall have a minimum thickness
as speci fied in Table M-121 0.3.
Table M-1210.3
METAL CHIMNEY MINIMUM THICKNESS

Area of chimney
(square inches)a
0-154
155 - 200
201 - 254
Greater than 254

Minimum nominal thickness (inches)

0.060
0.075
0.105
0.135

(No.
(NO..
(No.
(No.

16 Manufacturers Standard Gage)

14 Ma. nufacturersStandard Gage)
12 Manufacturers Standard Gage)
10 Manufacturers Standard Gage)

Note a. 1 square inch = 645.16 mm 2.

SECTION M-1211.0 METAL CHIMNEYS FOR lOW-HEAT APPLIANCES

M-Ull.1 Termination height: Metal chimneys for low-heat

appliances shall terminate outdoors above the roof of the building. Chimney outlets shall be located a minimum of 3 feet (914
mm) above the highest point that the chimney penetrates the
roof. Chimney outlets shall be a minimum of 2 feet (6lO mm)
higherthan any portion ofthe building within 10 feet (3048 mm).
M-12ll.2 Exterior clearances: Exterior metal chimneys shall
be installed in accordance with Sections M-1211.2.l through
M-1211.2.3.

M-1211.2.1 Clearance to combustibles: Exterior metal

chimneys that serve low-heat appliances shall have a minimum clearance of 6 inches (152 mm) to combustible
materials.
M-UU.2.2 Clearance from other than combustible walls:
Exterior metal chimneys over 18 inches (457 mm) in diameter
shall have a minimum clearance of 4 inches (lO2 mm), and
those 18 inches (457 mm) or less in diameter shall have a
minimum clearance of2 inches (51 mm) from a building wall
of noncombustible construction.

M-12ll.3.3 Openings: The enclosing walls shall be without

openings, except doorways equipped with approved self-closing fire doors at various floor levels for inspection purposes.
M-12U.3.4 Clearance: Metal chimneys that serve low-heat
appliances located in the same story as the connecting appliances shall have a minimum clearance of 18 inches (457 mm)
to combustible materials. Such interior metal chimneys over
18 inches (457 mm) in diameter shall have a minimum
clearance of 4 inches (102 mm), and such chimneys 18 inches
(457 mm) or less in diameter shall have a minimum clearance
of 2 inches (51 mm) from a building wall of noncombustible
construction.
M-1211.3.S Roof penetration: Metal chimneys passing
through a roof constructed of combustible material shall be
guarded by a ventilating thimble of approved corrosionresistant metal, extending a minimum of 9 inches (229 mm)
below and 9 inches (229 mm) above the roof construction,
and of a size to provide a minimum 6-inch (152 mm) clearance on all sides of the chimney, or the combustible material
in the roof construction shall be cut away so as to provide a
minimum 18-inch (457 mm) clearance on all sides of the
chimney with the opening closed up with noncombustible
material.
SECTION M-1212.0 METAL CHIMNEYS FOR
MEDIUM-HEAT APPLIANCES

M-U12.1 Lining: Metal chimneys for medium-heat appliances

shall be lined with an approved medium-duty refractory brick,
laid in an approved medium-duty fire-clay mortar. The minimum
lining thickness shall be 21f2 inches (635 mm) for chimneys
wherein the greatest cross-sectional dimension is 18 inches (457
mm) or less, and the minimum lining thickness shall be 41;'2
inches (l14mm) laid on the4 1l.1-inch (114 mm) bed for chimneys
wherein the greatest cross-sectional dimension is more than 18
inches (457 mm). The lining shall start 2 feet (6lO mm) or more
below the lowest chimney connector entrance and shall extend
to a minimum height of 25 feet (7620 mm) above the highest
chimney connector entrance. Chimneys terminating 25 feet
(7629 mm) or less above the highest chimney connector entrance
shall be lined to the top.

M-1212.2 Termination height: Metal chimneys for mediumheat appliances shall extend a minimum of lO feet (3048 mm)

M-12ll.2.3 Clearance from window, door or walkway: An

higher than any portion of any building within 25 feet (7620 mm).

exterior metal chimney shall be a minimum of 24 inches (610

mm) from any door or window or from any walkway, unless
insulated or shielded in an approved manner to prevent bums
to persons coming into contact with the chimney.

M-1212.3 Exterior clearances: Exterior metal chimneys shall

M-UU.3 Interior clearances: Interior metal chimneys shall be

installed as required in Sections M-1211.3.1 through M1211.3.5.

M-1211.3.1 Enclosure: A metal chimney shall be enclosed

in a fireresistance rated shaft in accordance with the shaft
requirements of the building code listed in Chapter 21.

60

M-12U.3.2 Access: The enclosure shall provide a minimum

clear space of 12 inches (305 mm) on all sides of the chimney
for inspection and repair.

be installed in accordance with Sections M-1212.3.1 through

M-1212.3.3.

M-1212.3.1 Clearance to combustibles: Exterior metal

chimneys that serve medium-heat appliances shall have a
minimum clearance of 24 inches (610 mm) to combustible
materials.
M-1212.3.2 Clearance from other than combustible construction: Exterior metal chimneys over 18 inches (457 mm)
in diameter shall have a minimum clearance of 4 inches (102

CHIMNEYS AND VENTS

mm), and such chimneys 18 inches (457 mm) or less in

diameter shalI have a minimum clearance of2 inches (51 mm)
from noncombustible construction.
M -1212.3.3 Clearance from window, door or walkway: AlI
portions of an exterior metal chimney shall be a minimum of
24 inches (610 mm) from any door or window or from any
walkway, unless insulated or shielded to prevent bums to
persons coming into contact with the chimney.
M-1212.4 Interior clearances: Interior metal chimneys shall be
installed in accordance with Sections M-1212.4.1 through M1212.4.4.
M-1212.4.1 Enclosures: A metal chimney shall be enclosed
in a fireresistance rated shaft in accordance with the shaft
requirements of the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-1212.4.2 Access: The enclosing walls shall provide a
minimum clear space of 12 inches (305 mm) on all sides of
the chimney for inspection and repair.
M-1212.4.3 Roof penetration: Metal chimneys serving a
medium-heat appliance passing through a roof constructed of
combustible material shall be guarded by a ventilating
thimble of approved corrosion-resistant metal, extending a
minimum of9 inches (229 mm) below and 9 inches (229 mm)
above the roof construction and shall be of a size to provide
a minimum clearance of 18 inches (457 mm) on all sides of
the chimney.
M-1212.4.4 Clearance: Metal chimneys that serve mediumheat appliances located in the same story as the connecting
appliances shall have a minimum clearance of36 inches (914
mm) to comhustible materials. Such interior metal chimneys
over 18 inches (457 mm) in diameter shall have a minimum
clearance of 4 inches (102 mm), and such chimneys 18 inches
(457 mm) or less in diameter shall have a minimum clearance
of 2 inches (51 mm) from a building wall of noncomhustihle
construction.
SECTION M-1213.0 METAL CHIMNEYS FOR HIGH-HEAT APPLIANCES

M-1213.1 Lining: Metal chimneys for high-heat appliances

shall be lined with an approved high-duty refractory brick, a
minimum of 4112 inches (114 mm) in thickness laid on a4112-inch
(114 mm) bed in an approved high-duty refractory mortar. The
lining shall start 2 feet (610 mm) or more below the lowest
chimney connector entrance and shall extend to a minimum
height of 25 feet (7620 mm) above the highest chimney connector entrance. Chimneys terminating 25 feet (7620 mm) or less
above the highest chimney connector entrance shall be lined to
the top.
M-1213.2 Termination height: Metal chimneys for high-heat
appliances shall extend a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) higher
than any portion of any building within 50 feet (1520 mm).
M-1213.3 Clearance: Metal chimneys for high-heat appliances
shall have approved clearance from structures to prevent overheating combustible material, to permit inspection and maintenance operations on the chimney, and to prevent danger of
bums to persons.

SECTION M-1214.0 MUlTIPLE CONNECTIONS

M-1214.1 General: Multiple appliance connections to a single

chimney passageway or vent system shall conform to the requirements of this section.
M-1214.2 Multiple solid fuel prohibited: A solid fuel-burning
appliance or fireplace shall not connect to a chimney passageway venting another appliance.
M-1214.3 Inlets to be offset: Connections to a chimney or vent
shall be offset so that portions of an inlet are not opposite another
inlet.
M-1214.4 Size of chimney or vent: The chimney or vent shall
be sized to vent all connected appliances. Appliances connecting
on different floor levels shall be sized by approved vent tables.
M-1214.4.1 Alternative area method: The minimum area of
the chimney or vent shall be equal to the area of the largest
appliance connection plus 50 percent of the area of each
additional appliance connection.
SECTION M1215.0 EXHAUSTERS

M-121S.1 General: This section shall govern the requirements

for power exhausters, which are separately field-installed systems designed to vent appliance combustion products, and vent
systems utilizing induced draft fans or power combustion means
for venting, which are integral components of appliances.
M-121S.2 Connections to exhauster: All appliance connections to a chimney or vent equipped with a power exhauster shall
be made on the inlet side of the exhauster. All joints on the
positive pressure side of the exhauster shall be scaled to prevent
flue gas leakage.
M-121S.3 Automatic shutoff: Power exhausters shall be electrically connected to each appliance to prevent operation of the
appliance when the power exhauster is not in operation.
M-121S.4 Termination: The termination of chimneys or vents
equipped with power exhausters shall be located a minimum of
10 feet (3048 mm) from the lot line or from adjacent buildings.
The exhaust shall be directed away from the building.
M-121S.4.1 Horizontal vents: Horizontal vents shall terminate in accordance with the following requirements:
l. Where located adjacent to walkways, the termination
of mechanical draft systems shall not be less than 7 feet
(2134 mm) above the level of the walkway.
2. Vents shall terminate at least 3 feet (914 mm) above any
forced air inlet located within 10 feet (3048 mm).
3. The vent system shall terminate at least 4 feet (1219
mm) below, 4 feet (1219 mm) horizontally from or I
foot (305 mm) above any door, window or gravity air
inlet into the building.
4. The vent termination point shall not be located closer
than 3 feet (914 mm) to an interior corner formed by
two walls perpendicular to each other.
5. The vent termination shall not be mounted directly
above or within 3 feet (914 mm) horizontally from an
oil tank vent or gas meter.
6. The bottom of the vent termination shall be located at
least 12 inches (305 mm) above finished grade.

61

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-121S.4.2 Vertical vents: Vertical vents shall tenninate in

accordance with the following requirements:
I. Where located adjacent to walkways, the tennination
of mechanical draft systems shall not be less than 7 feet
(2134 mm) above the level of the walkway.
2. Vents shall tenninate at least 3 feet (914 mm) above any
forced air inlet located within 10 feet (3048 mm).
3. Where the vent tennination is located below an adjacent
roof structure, the termination point shall be located at
least 3 feet (3048 mm) from such structure.
4. The vent shall terminate at least 4 feet (1219 mm)
below, 4 feet (1219 mm) horizontally from, or 1 foot
(305 mm) above any door, window or gravity air inlet
for the building.
5. A vent cap shall be installed to prevent rain from
entering the vent system.
6. The vent termination shall be located at least 3 feet (914
mm) horizontally from any portion of the roof structure.

M-1216.3 Installation: Connectors shall be installed in accordance with Sections M-1216.3.1 through M-1216.3.7.

SECTION M-1216.0 CONNECTORS

M-1216.1 Vent connector construction: Vent connectors shall

be constructed of metal. The minimum nominal thickness of the
connector shall be 0.019 inch (No. 28 Gage) for galvanized steel,
0.022 inch (No. 26 B & S Gage) for copper, and 0.020 inch (No.
24 B & S Gage) for aluminum.

M-1216.3.1 Supports and joints: Connectors shall be supported in an approved manner, and joints shall be fastened
with sheet metal screws, rivets or other approved means.
M-1216.3.2 Size: The connection shall be the same size as
the appliance flue outlet.
M-1216.3.3 Length: The maximum horizontal length of a
connector shall be 75 percent of the height of the chimney or
vent, except that the maximum horizontal length of insulated
connectors shall be 100 percent of the height of the chimney
or vent.
M-1216.3.4 Connection: The connector shall extend to the
inner face of the chimney or vent liner, but not beyond. A
connector entering a masonry chimney shall be cemented to
masonry in an approved manner. Where thimbles are installed
to facilitate removal of the connector from the masonry
chimney, the thimble shall be pennanently cemented in place
with high-temperature cement.
M-1216.3.4.1 Chimney connector pass-through: Chimney connectors for domestic-type appliances shall not pass
through walls or partitions constructed of combustible
material to reach a masonry chimney unless:
l. The connector is labeled for wall pass-through and
is installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions; or
2. The connector is put through a device labeled for
wall pass-through; or
3. The connector has a diameter not larger than 10
inches and is installed in accordance with one of the
methods in Table M-1216.3.4.1 and Figure M1216.3.4.1. Concealed metal parts of the passthrough system in contact with flue gases shall be of
stainless steel or equivalent material that resists corrosion, softening or cracking up to 1,800 degrees F.
(980 degrees C.).

M-1216.2 Chimney connector construction: Chimney connectors shall be constructed of metal. The minimum thickness of
the connector shall conform to Table M-1216.2(l) for low-heat
appliances and to Table M-1216.2(2) for medium- and high-heat
appliances.
Connectors for low-heat appliances shall be of steel pipe
having resistance to corrosion and heat not less than that
specified in Table M-1216.2(l). Connectors for medium-heat
appliances and high-heat appliances shall be of steel not less
than the thickness specified in Table M-1216.2(2).
Table M-1216.2(1)
MINIMUM CHIMNEY CONNECTOR THICKNESS FOR
LOW-HEAT APPLIANCES

Diameter af cannectar
(inches)a

Minimum naminal thickness

(galvanized)
(inches)

o-

0.022 (No.. 26 Gage)

O.028.~NO. 24.Gag.e)
0.034 No.. 22 Gage)
0.064 No.. 16 Gage)

5
6c. '9

10-16
Greater than 16

M-1216.3.S Pitch: Connectors shall rise vertically to the

chimney or vent with a minimum pitch equal to 1J4 inch per
foot (21 mm/m).
M-1216.3.6 Location: Connectors shall be located entirely
within the room in which the connecting appliance is located
except as pennitted in Section M-1216.3.4.1.

Note a. 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Table M-1216.2(2)
MINIMUM CHIMNEY CONNECTOR THICKNESS FOR
MEDlUM- AND HIGHHEAT APPLIANCES

Area
(square inches)a
0-154

0-14

155 - 201

202~.254

15 ~16
17 -1.8

Greater than 254

Greater than 18

Note a. 1 Inch = 25.4 mm; 1 square Inch = 645.16 mm 2.

62

Equivalent round diameter

(inches)a

Minimum naminal thickness

(inches)
0.060 N.a.. 16 M. anufacturers Standard Gage)

0.075 No.. 14 Manufacturers Standard Gage)

0; 105 No; 12 Manufacturers Standard Gage)
0.135 No.. 10 Manufacturers Standard Gage)

CHIMNEYS AND VENTS

Table M-1215.3.4.1
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR SYSTEMS AND CLEARANCES TO COMBUSTIBLE WALL MATERIALS FOR DOMESTIC HEATING APPUANCES a, b, c, d
System A (12-inch clearance) A 3V2-inch-thick brick wall shall be framed into the combustible wall. A 5;tJ-inch-thick fire-clay liner (ASTM C315 or
equivalent)e shall be firmly cemented in the center of the brick wall maintaining a 12-inch clearance to
combustibles. The clay liner shall run from the outer surface of the bricks to the inner surface of the chimney liner
but shall not protrude into the chimney liner.
System B (9-inch clearance)

A labeled solid-insulated factory-built chimney section (1-inch insulation) the same inside diameter as the
connector shall be utilized. Sheet metal supports cut to maintain a 9-inch clearance to combustibles shall be
fastened to the wall surface and to the chimney section. Fasteners shall not penetrate the chimney flue liner. The
chimney length shall be flush with the masonry chimney liner and sealed to the masonry with water-insoluble
refractory cement. Chimney manufacturer's parts shall be utilized to fasten securely the chimney connector to the
chimney section.

System C (6-inch clearance)

A sheet metal (minimum 24 gage) ventilated thimble having two 1-inch air channels shall be installed with a sheet
steel chimney connector (minimum 24 gage). Sheet steel supports \minimUm 24 gage) shall be cut to maintain a
6-inch clearance between the thimble and combustibles. One side 0 the support shall be fastened to the wall on all
sides. Glass-fiber insulation shall fill the 6-inch space between the thimble and the supports.

System D (2-inch clearance)

A labeled solid-insulated factory-built chimney section (1-inch insulation) with a diameter 2 inches larger than the
chimney connector shall be installed with a sheet steel chimney connector (minimum 24 gage). Sheet metal
supports shall be positioned to maintain a 2-inch clearance to combustibles and to hold the chimney connector to
ensure that a 1-inch airspace surrounds the chimney connector through the chimney section. The steel support
shall be fastened to the wall on all sides and the chimney section shall be fastened to the supports. Fasteners shall
not penetrate the liner of the chimney section.

Note a. Insulation material that is part of the wall pass-through system shall be noncombustible and shall have a thermal conductivity of 1.0 Btu in.!tt.2 . degrees F.
or less.
Note b. All clearances and thicknesses are minimums.
Note C. Materials utilized to seal penetrations for the connector shall be noncombustible.
Note d. Connectors for all systems except System B shall extend through the wall pass-through system to the inner face of the flue liner.
Note e. ASTM C315 listed in Chapter 21.

SYSTEM A

FIRE - CLAY LINER

\'

II

2" MIN. CHIMNEY CLEARANCE

TO BRICK AND COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS.
MIN. CLEARANCE:
12" OF BRICK

::l

-l
lL.

CHIMNEY CONNECTOR

>-

:::;:
I
U

'--

FIRE-CLAY LINER

II

BRICK
CHIMNEY

12 " MIN. TO COMBUSTIBLES -

figure M-1216.3.4.1
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR SYSTEMS

53

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODEj1993

SYSTEM B

rI

WATER-INSOLUBLE
REFRACTORY CEMENT

9" MIN. CLEARANCE

r
Ww
~3

It

FACTORY-BUILT
CHIMNEY SECTION

2" MIN. CHIMNEY CLEARANCE

FROM MASONRY TO SHEET METAL
SUPPORTS AND COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS.

LL

9" MIN. AIR SPACE

~ CHIMNEY CONNECTOR

.R:z:~:::z:::z::;~__ CHIMNEY

SECTION MANUFACTURER'S
PARTS SHALL BE UTILIZED TO ATTACH
CONNECTOR TO CHIMNEY SECTION.
LABELED, SOLID-INSULATED, FACTORYBUILT CHIMNEY SECTION
SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS

Y1:

CHIMNEY SECTION
FLUSH WITH INSIDE
OF FLUE

MASONRY CHIMNEY

SYSTEM C

2" MIN. CHIMNEY CLEARANCE

TO SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS AND
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
GLASS-FIBER INSULATION
TWO 1" AIR CHANNELS

:::>

CHIMNEY CONNECTOR
(24 GAGE MIN.)

-l

LL

r
w

:::;:
I

I L,J

TWO VENTILATED AIR

CHANNELS EACH OF1".

SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS

(24 GAGE MIN.)

MASONRY CHIMNEY

SYSTEM 0

r
FACTORY-BUILT
CHIMNEY SECTION
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR
(24 GAGE MIN.)

LJ
z

2" MIN. CHIMNEY CLEARANCE

TO SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS AND
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
2" MIN. CLEARANCE
1" ANNULAR AIRSPACE
BETWEEN CHIMNEY CONNECTOR
AND CHIMNEY SECTION

~~~~~'--- CHIMNEY

CONNECTOR

:::;:

o
SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS

FACTORY-BUILT
CHIMNEY SECTION

L,J

SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS

MASONRY CHIMNEY

Figure M-1215.3.4.1 (canl'd.)

CHIMNEY CONNECTOR SYSTEMS

54

CHIMNEYS AND VENTS

M-1216.3.7 Clearances: Connectors shall have a minimum

clearance to comhustihles in accordance with Table M1216.3.7. The clearances specified in Table M-1216.3.7 apply,
except where the laheling of an appliance specifies a different
clearance, in which case the laheled clearance shall apply.
Table M-1216.3.7
CONNECTORS CLEARANCES TO COMBUSTiBLES
Minimum clearance
(inches)a
(see Section M-1216.3.7)

Type of appliance

Domestic-type appliances
Chimney connectors
Gas appliances without draft hoods
Electric, gas and oil incinerators
Oil and solid fuel appliances
Gas appliances with draft hoods
Vent connectors
Gas appliances without draft hoods
Gas appliances with draft hoods
Oil appliances

18
18
18
6
9
6
3

Commercial, industrial-type appliances

Low-heat appliances
Chimney connectors
Gas, oil and solid fuel boilers, furnaces and
water heaters
18
Oil unit heaters
18
Gas unit heaters with draft hoods
6
Other low-heat industrial appliances
18
Medium-heat appliances
Chimney connectors
All gas, oil and solid fuel appliances
36
High-heat appliances
Masonry or metal connectors
All gas, oil and solid fuel appliances
(see Section M-1209.0)
Note a. 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

SECTION M-1217.0 DAMPERS

M-1217.1 Manual dampers: Manual dampers shall not be

installed except in connectors or chimneys serving solid fuelburning appliances.

M-l217.2 Automatic dampers: Automatic dampers shall bear

the lahel of an approved agency. The dampers shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
SECTION M-1218.0 TESTS

M-l21S.1 General: Every chimney or vent system shall be

tested. The tests shall indicate conformance to the requirements
of this chapter without spillage of any products of combustion.

65

CHAPTER 13
MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION

SECTION M-1301.0 GENERAL

M-1301.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the design, installation, construction and repair of refrigeration systems that
vaporize and liquefy a fluid during the refrigerating cycle.
M-1301.2 Classification of refrigerants: Refrigerants shall be
classified by hazard in accordance with ASHRAE 34 listed in
Chapter 21. A list of typical refrigerants is contained in Appendix
B.
M-1301.3 Factory-built equipment: Self-contained, factorybuilt equipment that bears the label of an approved agency shall
conform to the installation requirements of Chapter 4.

Pressure-imposing element: Any device or portion of the

equipment utilized for the purpose of increasing the
refrigerant pressure.
Pressure-limiting device: A pressure-responsive mechanism
designed to stop automatically the operation of the pressureimposing element at a predetermined pressure.
Pressure relief device: A pressure-actuated valve or rupture
member designed to relieve excessive pressure automatically.
Refrigerant: A substance uti lized to produce refrigeration by its
expansion or vaporization.

Condenser: That part of the system designed to liquefy

refrigerant vapor by removal of heat.

Refrigeration system: A combination of interconnected

refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed
refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant is circulated for the
purpose of extracting heat.
Direct system: A direct system is one in which the evaporator
is in direct contact with the material or space refrigerated, or
is located in air-circulating passages communicating with
such spaces.
Indirect system: An indirect system is one in which a brine
cooled by the refrigerant is circulated to the material or space
refrigerated or is utilized to cool the air so circulated. Indirect
systems are distinguished by the type or method of application.

Evaporator: That part of the system designed to vaporize liquid

refrigerant to produce refrigeration.

Stop valve: A shutoff valve for controlling the flow of liquid or

gases.

Fusible plug: A device having a predetermined temperature

fusible member for the relief of pressure.

SECTION M-1303.0 MAXIMUM QUANTITIES OF REFRIGERANT

SECTION M-1302.0 DEFINITIONS

M-1302.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for

the purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.
Compressor: A specific machine, with or without accessories,
for compressing a given refrigerant vapor.

High-side pressure: The parts of a refrigerating system subjected to condenser pressure.

Low-side pressure: The parts of a refrigerating system subject
to evaporator pressure.

Machinery room: A room in which a refrigerating system is

permanently installed and operated, but not including
evaporators located in a cold storage room, refrigerator box,
air-cooled space or other enclosed space. Closets solely contained within, and opening only into, a machinery room shall
not be considered machinery rooms but shall be considered a
part of the machinery room in which said closets are contained. It is not the intent of this definition to cause the space
in which a self-contained system is located to be classified as
a machinery room.

M-1303.1 Group 1 refrigerants: The maximum amount of

Group 1 refrigerants utilized in direct systems shall be as indicated in Table M-1303.1. The space indicated in the table shall
equal the volume of the building intended to be occupied.
M-1303.1.1 Indirect systems: The amount of Group 1
refrigerants utilized in indirect systems shall not be limited.
M-1303.2 Group 2 refrigerants: The maximum amount of
Group 2 refrigerants utilized in direct systems shall be 20 pounds
(9 kg). Direct systems utilizing Group 2 refrigerants shall not be
utilized for comfort cooling.
Exception: Direct systems, for other than comfort cooling,
utilizing ammonia R-717 as the refrigerant shall not be limited
in capacity where the system is designed and installed in
accordance with ASHRAE 15 and llAR 2 listed in Chapter 21.

67

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-1303.4
ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS

Table M-1303.1
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE QUANTITIES OF GROUP 1 REFRIGERANTS
FOR DIRECT SYSTEMS

Refrigerant

Maximum quantity in pounds per

1,000 cubic feet b of space
intended for human occupancya

R-11
R-12
R-13
R-13B1
R-14
R-21
R-22
R-30
R-113
R7114
R-115
R-C318
R-500
R-502
R-744

35
31
27
38
23
13
22
6
24
44
40
50
26
30
11

Table M-1303.3
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE QUANTITIES OF GROUP 3 REFRIGERANTS

Maximum quantitya, b in
pounds per 1,000 cubic
feet of room volume
21;2
21;2

21;2
21;2
2

Nole a. The maximum Quantity shall not exceed 1,000 pounds.

Nole b. 1 pound per 1,000 cubic feet = 0.016 kg/m 3; 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

M-1303.4 Alternative refrigerants: The refrigerants listed in

Table M-1303.4 shall be permitted in air conditioning and
refrigeration systems as substitutes for the refrigerants listed in
Table M-130 1.1. The maximum quantity of such alternative
refrigerants utilized in direct systems shall be in accordance with
Table M-1303.4.
M-1303.4.1 Indirect systems: All indirect systems utilizing
refrigerants R-123 or R-134a shall be installed in general

machinery rooms designed and constructed in accordance

with Section M-130S.0, or shall be installed outdoors.

68

an approved type and compatible with the type of refrigerant

being utilized. The equipment shall be rated for the maximum
operating pressure of the refrigeration system.

M-1303.3 Group 3 refrigerants: The maximum amount of

Group 3 refrigerants shall be as indicated in Table M-1303.3.
Group 3 refrigerants shall be exclusively utilized in laboratories
or occupancies in Use Groups F, Hand S.

3
3
3
3
3

16
3

M-1304.1 Equipment: All refrigeration equipment shall be of

Exception: Indirect systems utilizing ammonia R-717 as

the refrigerant shall not be limited in capacity where the
system is designed and installed in accordance with ASHRAE 15 and lIAR 2 listed in Chapter 21.

R-170
R-290
R-600
R-601
R-1150

.004

SECTION M-1304.0 REFRIGERATION PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

M-1303.2.1 Indirect systems: The maximum amount of

Group 2 refrigerants utilized in indirect systems shall be 1,000
pounds (454 kg). All indirect systems utilizing Group 2
refrigerants shall be installed in Class T machinery rooms or
outdoors.

Group

R-123 2,2-Dichloro-1, 1,1-Trifluoroethane

(CF3CHCI 2)
R-134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
(CHlCF3)
Nole a. 1 pound per 1,000 cubic feet = 0.016 kg/m

Nole a. Volatile charge in a control shall not be considered as refrigerant.

Nole b. 1 pound per 1,000 cubic feet = 0.016 kg/m 3.

Refrig erant

Maximum quantitya in
pounds per 1,000 cubic
feet of room volume

Refrigerant

M-1304.1.1 Identification of system: A metal plate, tag or

other device shall be permanently and prominently located
near the refrigeration equipment indicating the type of
refrigeration system, the type of refrigerant and the maximum
amount of refrigerant.
M-1304.1.2 Minimum design pressure: The minimum
design pressure of a refrigeration system shall be based on the
type of refrigerant utilized in accordance with Table M1304.1.2 unless otherwise approved.
TableM-1304.1.2
MINIMUM DESIGN PRESSURES

Minimum design pressures

(pounds per square inch gauge)a, b
Refrigerant

R-11
R-12
R-13
Rc13B1
R-14
R~21

R-22
R-30
R-40
R-113
R-114
R-115
R-123
R-134a
R-170
R-290
R-C318
R-500
R-502
R-600
R-601
R611
R-717
R-744
R-764
R-1150

High side
Low side

Water or
evaporator cooled

15
85
521
230
544
15
144
15

15
127
547
321
544
29
211
15
112
15
35
194
15
127
709
188
59
153
232
42
63
15
215
1,058
78
732

72
15
18
152
15
85
616
129
34
102
162
23
39
15
139
955
45
732

Air cooled
21
169
547
410
544
46
278
15
151
15
53
252
21
169
709
244
85
203
302
61
88
15
293
1,058
115
732

Nole a. Corresponding to specified saturation pressure at 14.7 psi atmospheric

pressure.

Nole b. 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION

M-1304.2 Piping system: Refrigeration system piping shall

conform to one of the standards listed in Table M-1304.2. The
pipe shall be rated for the maximum operating pressure of the
system.
Table M-1304.2
REFRIGERATING SYSTEM PIPE
Material
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
Steel pipe

Standard (listed in Chapter 21 )

ASTM B88; ASTM B280
ASTM AS3; ASTM A106

M-1304.2.1 Valves and fittings: All valves and fittings shall

be of an approved type rated for the maximum operating
pressure of the system.
M-1304.3 Pipe joints and connections: All joints between
refrigeration system pipe or fittings shall be in accordance with
one or more of the following Sections M-1304.3.1 through
M-1304.3.S.

M-1304.3.1 Copper-brazed joints: All copper-joint surfaces

shall be cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where
required. The joint shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8 listed in Chapter 21.
M-1304.3.2 Mechanical joints: Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
M-1304.3.3 Steel-threaded joints: Steel pipe threads shall
conform to ASME B 1.20.1 listed in Chapter 21. Pipe-joint
compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
M-1304.3.4 Steel-welded joints: All steel pipe-joint surfaces
shall be cleaned by approved procedures. The joint shall be
welded with an approved filler metal.
M-1304.3.5 Joints between different piping materials:
Joints between different piping materials shall be made with
approved adapter fittings.
M-1304.4 Support: All refrigeration system equipment and
piping shall be supported in an approved manner.
M-1304.S Cutting or notching: A structural member shall not
be cut, notched or pierced in excess of the limitations specified
in the building code Iisted in Chapter 21, unless proven safe by
a structural analysis.
SECTION M-1305.0 PRESSURE-LIMITING DEVICES

M-130S.1 General: Pressure-limiting devices shall be provided

on all systems containing more than 20 pounds (9 kg) of
refrigerant and operating above atmospheric pressure and on all
water-cooled systems capable of producing a pressure in excess
of the high-side design pressure.
Exception: Water-cooled units containing less than 3 pounds
(1.4 kg) of a Group I refrigerant.
M-130S.2 Maximum setting: The maximum setting to which a
pressure-limiting device is capable of being set by the adjusting
means provided shaH not exceed 90 percent of the setting of the
pressure relief device installed on the high side of a system.
Where the high side of a system is not protected by a pressure
relief device, the maximum setting shall not exceed the design
pressure of the high side of the system, except as provided for in

Section M-130S.2.1. The pressure-limiting device shall stop the

action of the pressure-imposing element at a pressure not higher
than this maximum setting.
M-130S.2.1 Systems with nonposilive-displacement compressors: For systems with nonpositive-displacement compressors, the pressure-limiting device is permitted to be set at
the design pressure of the high side of the system, provided
that the pressure relief device is subject to the low-side
pressure, and stop valves are not on the system.
M-130S.3 Pressure-limiting devices: Pressure-limiting devices
shall be connected between the pressure-imposing element and
any stop valve on the discharge side without intervening stop
valves in the line leading to the pressure-limiting device.
SECTION M-1306.0 PRESSURE RElIEF PROTECTION

M-1306.1 General: Every refrigeration system shall be

protected by a pressure relief device.
M-1306.2 Pressure relief device: All pressure relief devices
shall bear the label of an approved agency. The device shall be
rated for the capacity of the refrigeration system. The pressure
relief device shall be set at the maximum design pressure of the
system or equipment.
M-1306.2.1 Discharge piping: Pressure relief devices and
fusible plugs serving the following systems shall discharge to
the atmosphere at a location not less than 15 feet (4572 mm)
above the adjoining ground level and not less than 20 feet
(6096 mm) from any window, ventilation opening or exit in
any building.
I. Any system containing a Group 3 refrigerant.
2. Any system containing more than 6 pounds (2.72 kg)
of a Group 2 refrigerant.
3. Any system containing more than 100 pounds (45.36
kg) of a Group I refrigerant.
Discharge piping connected to the discharge side of a fusible
plug or rupture member shall have provisions to prevent
plugging of the piping in the event that the fusible plug or
rupture member functions.
M-1306.2.2 Sizing: Discharge piping shall be sized for
simultaneous relief of the maximum quantity of refrigerant in
the system, via the sum of the system's pressure rei ief devices
and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Where relief piping for more than one system is interconnected, such relief piping shall be sized for the largest system.
Systems utilizing different classifications of refrigerant shall
not have discharge piping interconnected.
M-1306.2.3 Optional ammonia discharge: Where ammonia is utilized, the preferred discharge is into the atmosphere. Alternatively, the ammonia shall discharge into a tank
of water which shall not be utilized for any other purpose
except ammonia absorption.
M-1306.2.3.1 Tank water: At least I gallon (0.004 m 3) of
fresh water shall be provided for each pound (0.0083
3
m /kg) of ammonia in the system. Such water shall be
prevented from freezing without the utilization of salt or
chemicals.

69

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-1306.2.3.2 Tank construction: The tank shall be substantially constructed of iron or steel not less than 0.12Sinch (3.2 mm) in thickness or No. II US Gage. The tank
shall have a hinged cover or, if of the enclosed type, the
tank shall have a vent hole at the top.
M-1306.2.3.3 Piping connections: All piping connections shall be through the top of the tank only. The discharge pipe from the pressure relief valves shall discharge
the ammonia into the center of the tank near the bottom.
M-1306.2.4 Discharge of sulfur dioxide: The point of discharge of sulfur dioxide R-764 shall be to a tank of sodium
dichromate brine. The minimum quantity of brine shall equal
I gallon (0.004 m 3) for each pound (0.0083 m 3Jkg) of sulfur
dioxide refrigerant in the system. The minimum concentration of brine shall be 2 1a pounds of dichromate for each 1
gallon (300 kg/m 3 ) of water.
M-1306.3 Location: Pressure relief devices shall be located to
relieve pressure of all piping and equipment when valves or
pumps are in a closed position.
SECTION M-1307.0 CLASS T MACHINERY ROOMS

M-1307.1 Room enclosure: Class T machinery rooms shall be

separated from the remainder of the building by a minimum
I-hour fire separation assembly. All doors shall be tight fitting.
Every door shall be clearly labeled "Machinery Room."
M -1307.2 Emergency controls: Emergency controls capable of
shutting down all of the refrigeration equipment shall be located
outside Class T machinery rooms near the room entrance.
M-1307.3 Exhaust system: An independent mechanical exhaust system shall be provided for each Class T machinery room.
The exhaust system shall operate when the refrigeration system
is turned on. The exhaust system shall provide a minimum of six
air changes per hour.
SECTION M-130B.0 GENERAL MACHINERY ROOMS

M-130S.1 General: General machinery rooms containing air

conditioning and refrigeration equipment utilizing refrigerants
R-123 or R-134a shall comply with Sections M-1308.1.1
through M-1308.1.7.
M-130S.1.1 Design: General machinery rooms shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with ASHRAE IS
listed in Chapter 21.
M-130S.1.2 Ventilation: All general machinery rooms shall
be provided with mechanical ventilation in accordance with
ASHRAE IS listed in Chapter 2l.
M-130S.1.3 Detection and alarm: Where refrigerant R-123
is utilized, the general machinery room shall be equipped with
an approved compound-specific refrigerant detection system
that will sound an alarm when the refrigerant R-123 concentration in the room reaches the allowable exposure limit
(AEL) of IO parts per million.
M-130S.1.4 Oxygen monitoring: Where refrigerant R-134a
is utilized, the general machinery room shall be equipped with
an approved oxygen-sensing system that will sound an alarm

70

when the oxygen level in the room falls below 19.5 percent
of the room air volume.

M-130S.1.S Access: Access to the general machinery room

or rooms shall be restricted to authorized personnel.
M-130S.1.6 Self-contained breathing apparatus: At least
one self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided and
located outside of the general machinery room, near the room
entrance.
M-130S.1.7 Discharge piping: Pressure relief devices, fusible
plugs and purge systems shall discharge to the outside atmosphere at a location not less than IS feet above the adjoining
ground level and not less than 20 feet from any window,
ventilation opening, air intake opening or exit opening in any
building. Discharge piping shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with ASHRAE IS listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-1309.0 TESTS

M-1309.1 General: All mechanical refrigeration systems, other

than factory-assembled parts that have been tested in the factory,
shall be tested to the maximum operating pressure of the system.
The tests shall be conducted utilizing air or an inert gas.

CHAPTER 14
FIREPLACES, SOLID FUEL-BURNING
AND GAS ACCESSORY APPLIANCES

SECTION M-1401.0 GENERAL

M-1401.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the design, installation, construction and repair of fireplaces, solid fuel-burning

appliances and decorative gas appliances accessory to

fireplaces. Crematories and incinerators shall comply with the
provisions of Chapter 15.

M-1401.2 Hazardous locations: Fireplaces, solid fuel-burning

appliances and decorative gas appliances accessory to fireplaces
shall not be installed in hazardous locations.
SECTION M-1402.0 ROOM HEATERS

M-1402.1 General: Solid fuel-burning room heaters shall be

tested in accordance with UL 1482 listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-1403.0 FACTORY-BUILT FIREPLACES

M-1403.1 General: Factory-built fireplaces shall be tested in

accordance with UL 127 listed in Chapter 21. Fireplace stoves
shall be tested in accordance with UL 737 listed in Chapter 21.
SECTION M-1404.0 MASONRY FIREPLACES

M-1404.1 Dimensions: The firebox of a masonry fireplace shall

have a minimum depth of 20 inches (508 mm). The size of the
chimney connection shall be a minimum cross-sectional area of
50 square inches (32258 mm 2 ). The minimum cross-sectional
area of the fireplace shall equal the cross-sectional area of the
chimney connection.

M-1404.1.1 Rumford fireplaces: Rumford fireplaces shall

be permitted provided that the depth of the fireplace is at least
12 inches (305 mm) and is at least one-third of the width of
the fireplace opening; and that the throat is at least 12 inches
(305 mm) above the lintel, and is at least l/20th the cross-sectional area of the fireplace opening.
M-1404.2 Wall construction: Fireplace walls lined with a minimum of 2 inches of approved low-duty refractory brick shall
have a minimum total thickness of 8 inches (203 mm) of solid
masonry. Approved medium-duty fire-clay mortar or an
equivalent shall be utilized with the low-duty refractory brick.
Unlined fireplace walls shall be constructed of solid masonry
having a minimum total thickness of 12 inches (305 mm).
M-1404.2.1 Extension of liners: The liner of the fireplace
walls shall extend a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) into the
throat of the fireplace.

M-1404.2.2 Throat and smoke chamber: The walls of the

throat and smoke chamber shall be constructed of solid
masonry having a minimum total thickness of 8 inches (203
mm). The throat and smoke chamber walls are permitted to
be reduced in thickness to 4 inches of solid masonry provided
that such walls are lined with at least I inch of insulating
refractory masonry so that the heat transferred through this
wall is not more than the heat transferred through 8 inches
(203 mm) of solid masonry.
M-1404.2.3 Heat exchangers: Gravity-fed heat exchangers
installed in the walls of masonry fireplaces shall not reduce
the total thickness of solid masonry.
M-1404.3 Foundation and hearth: The foundation of a
fireplace shall be constructed of noncomhustihle material and
shall conform to the requirements of the building code listed in
Chapter 21. The hearth and hearth extension shall be constructed
of solid masonry having a minimum thickness of 4 inches (102
mm).
M-1404.3.1 Hearth extension: The hearth shall extend a
minimum of 16 inches (406 mm) beyond the face of the
fireplace opening and a minimum of 8 inches (2m mm) on
each side of the fireplace opening for fireplaces having an
opening of less than 6 square feet (0.56 m 2). The hearth of
larger-sized fireplaces shall extend a minimum of 20 inches
(508 mm) beyond the face of the fireplace opening and a
minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) on each side ol"the fireplace
opening. Comhustihle forms utilized during the construction
of the hearth and hearth extension shall be removed.
M-1404.4 Clearance to combustibles: The exterior surface of
fireplace walls shall have a minimum clearance of4 inches (102
mm) to comhustihle materials. Comhustihle material, including
framing and sheathing, shall have a minimum clearance of 2
inches (51 mm) from the exterior surface of smoke chamber
walls. Comhustihle material attached to a fireplace face, such as
trim and mantels, shall have a minimum clearance of 6 inches
(152 mm) from a fireplace opening. Comhustihle material above
and projecting more than I Y2 inches (38 mm) from a fireplacc
face shall have a minimum clearance of 12 inches (30S mm)
above a fireplace opening.

M-1404.S Opening to the chimney: Means shall be provided

to shut off the opening to the chimney when the fireplace is not
in operation.

71

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-1404.S.1 Dampers: Dampers shall be constructed of

metal having a minimum thickness of No. 12 Manufacturers
Standard Gage (0.105 inch).
M-1404.6 Chimneys with metal hoods: Metal hoods shall
extend a minimum of6 inches (152 mm) beyond the firebox. The
hoods shall comply with the requirements for metal chimneys.
M-1404.7 Existing masonry chimneys: Existing masonry
chimneys are permitted to vent open fireplaces only - even if
the existing chimneys lack the clearances to comhustihles as
required by Section M-1207.4 - provided that such chimneys
otherwise meet the requirements of Chapter 12 of this code or
are made to conform to such requirements through repair or
relining.

SECTION M-1405.0 BARBECUE PITS

M-140S.1 Wall construction: Barbecue pit walls lined with a
minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) of approved low-duty refractory
brick shall have a minimum total thickness of 8 inches (203 mm)
of solid masonry. Approved medium-duty fire-clay mortar or an
equivalent shall be utilized with the low-duty refractory brick.
Unlined barbecue pit walls shall be constructed of solid masonry
having a minimum total thickness of 12 inches (305 mm).
M-140S.2 Foundation: The foundation of a barbecue pit shall
be constructed of noncomhustihle material and shall conform to
the requirements of the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-140S.3 Clearance to combustibles: The exterior walls of a
barbecue pit shall have a minimum clearance of 4 inches (102
mm) to comhustihle materials.
M-140S.4 Kitchen exhaust and suppression: A commercial
kitchen exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with
Chapter 5. The suppression system for the kitchen exhaust
system shall be designed and approved for barbecue pits.
SECTION M-1406.0 GAS ACCESSORIES

M-1406.1 Labeled: Gas-burning appliances designed for installation in approved fireplaces, such as decorative gas appliances,
shall bear the lahel of an approved agency and shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for the
laheled equipment.
M-1406.2 Flame safeguard device: Gas appliances installed in
fireplaces shall have the main burner ignition by means of a
direct ignition device, an ignitor or a pilot flame to ignite the fuel
at the main burner, and shall be equipped with a flame safeguard
device. The flame safeguard device shall automatically shut off
the fuel supply to a main burner or group of burners when the
means of ignition of such burners becomes inoperative.
M-1406.3 Fixed dampers: Manual fireplace dampers are required to be fixed in a manner that maintains the gas appliance
manufacturer's required minimum permanent vent opening at all
times.

72

CHAPTER 15
INCINERATORS AND CREMATORIES

SECTION M-1501.0 GENERAL

M-1S01.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the installation,

repair, maintenance and approval of all incinerators and
crematories.
M-1501.2 Annual inspection: All crematories and all incinerators, except Class 1, Class lA and domestic incinerators,
shall be inspected annually by the code official.

Flue connection (breeching): A passage for conducting the

products of combustion from a fuel-fired appliance to the vent
or chimney.
Flue gases: Products of combustion and excess air.

M-1501.3 Prohibited locations: Installation of any type of

incinerator in garages or in areas containing explosive orflammabie liquids or fumes shall be prohibited.

Incinerator, domestic gas-fired type: An approved, directly

fed, gas-fired-type incinerator for the burning of ordinary
waste material, having a capacity of not more than 5 cubic
feet (0.14 mJ), generally located within a structure, and
designed primarily for utilization in one- and two-family
dwellings.

M-lS01.4 Factory-built incinerators and crematories: Factory-built incinerators and crematories shall conform to the
requirements of Chapter 4.

Primary air: Any air which is mixed with the fuel at or in the
burner or fuel bed for the purpose of promoting combustion
of the fuel or combustible materials.

SECTION M-1502.0 DEFINITIONS

M-lS02.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for

the purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.
Auxiliary fuel-firing equipment (incinerator): Equipment to
supply additional heat, by the combustion of an auxiliary fuel,
for the purpose of attaining temperatures that are sufficiently
high enough to:
1. Dry and ignite waste material;
2. Maintain ignition thereof; and
3. Promote complete combustion of combustible solids,
vapors and gases.
Curtain wall (incinerator): A partition wall between chambers
under which pass the products of combustion.
Damper, barometric: A device to admit air to the breeching or
flue connection, thereby automatically maintaining a constant draft in the equipment.
Damper, guillotine: An adjustable blade installed vertically in
a breeching or flue connection, counterbalanced for easy
operation.
Damper, sliding: An adjustable blade installed in a duct, breeching or flue connection.
Downpass: A gas passage placed between two chambers of an
incinerator to carry the products of combustion in a
downward direction.
Excess air: The air remaining after a fuel has been completely
burned, or that air supplied in addition to the theoretical
quantity required for combustion.

Secondary air: Any air brought in around the burner or through

openings in the combustion chamber for the purpose of completing combustion.
Theoretical air: The exact amount of air required to supply
oxygen for complete combustion of a given quantity of a
specific fuel.
Underfire air: Any air controlled with respect to quantity and
direction, forced or induced, supplied beneath the grate that
passes through the fuel bed.
SECTION M-1503.0 WASTE CLASSIFICATION

M-lS03.1 Waste analysis: The basis for satisfactory incinerator

operation is the proper analysis of the waste to be destroyed, and
the selection of proper equipment to best destroy that particular
waste. For the purposes of this chapter, all types of waste to be
destroyed shall be classified as indicated in Sections M-1503.2
through M-1503.9 and Table M-1503.1.
M-1503.2 Type 00 waste: Type 00 waste is trash, consisting of
a mixture of highly combustible waste such as paper, paper
products, cardboard, cartons, wood boxes and comhustihle floor
sweepings from commercial and industrial activities. The mixture contains up to 10 percent by weight of plastic bags, coated
paper, laminated paper, treated corrugated cardboard, oily rags
and plastic or rubber scrap. This type of waste contains up to 10
percent moisture, 5 percent noncombustible solids, has a bulk
density of less than 8 pounds per cubic foot ( 128 kg/mJ) and has
a heating value of 8,500 British thermal units (Btu) per pound
(1.98 x 107 J/kg) as fired.

73

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-1503.1
CLASSIFICATION DF WASTES TO BE INCINERATED

Type of waste
Principal components
Type

Trash

oa

1"

2a

Moisture
content
(percent)

Description

00
and

Approximate
composition
percent by weight
and density

Rubbish

Mininum
Btu e of
Btuhe burner
auxiliary fuel
input per
Btu e
Noncombustible
per pound of pound waste
value/pound
solids
to be
primary
of refuse as waste
(percent)
included in
chamber
fired d
combustion
unless
calcu lations d otherwise
specified d

Combustible waste,
Waste containing
less than 10%
paper, paper products,
cartons, rags, wood
plastic or
scraps, floor
rubber scrap
sweepings; with
Density of 00 trash
domestic, commercial
less than 8
and industrial sources
pounds per cubic
The mixture contains up
foot, and 0 trash
to 1O-percent plastic
8 to 10 pounds
bags, coated or treated
per cubic foot
paper products, and
rubber or plastic scrapb

10

8,500

0
(see Section
M-1509.4)

Combustible waste,
paper, paper products,
cartons, rags, wood
scraps, floor
sweepings; with
domestic, commercial
and industrial sources

Rubbish 100%
Garbage up to 20%
Density 8 to 10
pounds per cubic
foot

25

10

6,500

0
(see Section
M-1509.4)

Rubbish and garbage;

residential sources

Rubbish 50%
Garbage 50%
Density 15 to 20
pounds per cubic
foot

50

4,300

1,500
(see Section
M-1509.4)

Garbage 100%
Rubbish up to 35%
Density 30 to 35
pounds per cubic
foot

70

2,500

1,500

3,000

100% animal and

human tissue
Density 45 to 55
pounds per cubic
foot

85

1,000

3,000

5,000
Primary
3,000
Secondary

Variable

Dependent
on
predominant
components

Variable
according to
wastes survey

Variable
according to
wastes
survey

Variable
according to
wastes
survey

Variable
accordi ng to
wastes
survey

Variable

Dependent
on
predominant
components

Variable
according to
wastes survey

Variable
according to
wastes
survey

Variable
according to
wastes
survey

Variable
according to
wastes
survey

Refuse

3a

Garbage

Animal and vegetable

wastes; restau rants,
hotels, markets,
institutional,
commercial and club
sources

Animal
solids and
organic
wastes

Carcasses, organs, solid

organic wastes;
hospital, laboratory,
abattoirs, animal
pounds and similar
sources
Industrial process wastes

Gaseous
liquid or
semiliquid
wastes

Semisolid
and solid
wastes

Combustibles requiring
hearth, retort or
grate-burning
equipment

Note a. The above figures on mOisture content, ash and British thermal units as fired have been determined by analysis of many samples to compute heat release,
burning rate, velocity and other details of incinerator design. Any design based on these calculations accommodates minor variations.
Note b. Where trash composition is such that any single charge to the incinerator will contain more than 10-percent plastic or rubber scrap by weight, the waste shall

be classified as Type 6 waste.

Note c. Btu = British thermal units; Btuh = British thermal units per hour.
Note d. 1 Btu per pound = 2.329 J/kg.

74

INCINERATORS AND CREMATORIES

M-lS03.3 Type 0 waste: Type 0 waste is trash, consisting of a

M-1504.3 Class IA: Class IA shall include portable, packaged

mixture of highly combustible waste such as paper, paper products,

cardboard, cartons, wood boxes and combustible floor sweepings
from commercial and industrial activities. The mixtures contain up
to 10 percent by weight of plastic bags, coated paper, laminated
paper, treated corrugated cardboard, oily rags and plastic or rubber
scrap. This type of waste contains up to to percent moisture, 5
percent noncombustible solids, has a bulk density of8 to 10 pounds
per cubic foot (128 to 160 kg/m') and has a heating value of 8,500
Btu per pound (1.98 x 107 J/kg) as fired.

or job-assembled direct-fed incinerators of 5 to 15 cubic feet

(0.14 to 0.42 m 3) primary chamber volume of up to, but not
including, 100 pounds per hour (126 x 10-4 kg/s) burning rate,
for Type 1 or Type 2 waste.

M-lS03.4 Type 1 waste: Type 1 waste is rubbish, consisting of

combustible waste such as paper, paper products, cartons, rags,
wood scraps, sawdust, foliage and floor sweepings from domestic, commercial and industrial activities. This type of waste
contains up to 25 percent moisture, up to 10 percent noncombustible solids, has a bulk density of 8 to 10 pounds per cubic foot
(128 to 160 kg/m 3) and has a heating value of 6,500 Btu per
pound (1.51 x 107 J/kg) as fired.
M-lS03.S Type 2 waste: Type 2 waste is refuse consisting of an
approximately even mixture of rubbish and garbage by weight.
This type of waste consists of up to 50 percent moisture, 7
percent noncombustible solids, has a bulk density of 15 to 20
pounds per cubic foot (240 to 320 kg/m3) and has a heating value
of 4,300 Btu per pound (1.00 x 107 J/kg) as fired.

M-lS03.6 Type 3 waste: Type 3 waste is garbage consisting of

animal and vegetable wastes. This type of waste contains up to
70 percent moisture, up to 5 percent noncombustible solids, has
a bulk density of 30 to 35 pounds per cubic foot (480 to 520
kg/m 3) and has a heating value of 2,500 Btu per pound
(0.58 x 107 ]!kg) as fired.

M-lS03.7 Type 4 waste: Type 4 waste is human parts and animal

remains consisting of carcasses, organs and solid organic wastes.
This type of waste contains up to 85 percent moisture, 5 percent
noncombustible solids, has a bulk density of 45 to 55 pounds per
cubic foot (720 to 817 kg/m') and has a heating value of 1,000
Btu per pound (0.23 x 107 J!kg) as fired.

M-lS03.8 Type 5 waste: Type 5 waste is byproduct waste,

gaseous, liquid or semiliquid, such as tar, paints, solvents,
sludge, fumes and similar materials. Btu values shall be determined for the individual materials to be incinerated.

M-lS04.4 Class IIA: Class IlA shall include flue-fed incinerators served by two flues, one for charging waste and one
for carrying the products of combustion.
M-1504.S Class III: Class III shall include direct-fed incinerators with a burning rate of 100 pounds per hour ( 126 x 10-4
kg/s) or over, for Type 00, Type 0, Type I or Type 2 waste.
M-1504.6 Class IV: Class IV shall include direct-fed incinerators with a burning rate of 75 pounds per hour (94.5 x 10-4
kg/s) or over, for Type 3 waste.
M-lS04.7 Class V: Class V shall include municipal incinerators.
M-lS04.8 Class VI: Class VI shall include crematory and
pathological incinerators, for Type 4 waste.

M-lS04.9 Class VII: Class VII shall include incinerators

designed for specific byproduct wastes, for Type 5 or Type 6
waste.
SECTION M-1505.0 DESIGN

M-lSOS.l Design requirements: Incinerators shall be designed

in accordance with the requirements of Sections M-1505.2
through M-1505.17.

M-lSOS.2 Incinerator volume: The interior incinerator volume

shall be calculated by measuring the inside distance between the
side walls, and from the front end to the rear wall and from
paving to roof, excluding ash pit, interior walls, grates and
hearth. Door openings, chutes or charging hoods or flue connections shall not be considered a part of the incinerator volume.
The volume of the charging door opening, through which the
refuse is placed in the incinerator, shall be considered a part of
the incinerator volume.

M-lSOS.2.1 Roof height: Roof height above the grate shall

not be less than four-thirds of the grate area to the power of
four-elevenths (0/, AG4/11) plus or minus 10 percent, except
Class VI incinerators.

M-lS03.9 Type 6 waste: Type 6 waste is solid byproduct waste,

such as rubber, plastics, wood waste and similar materials. Btu
values shall be determined for the individual materials to be
incinerated.
SECTION M-1504.0 INCINERATOR CLASSIFICATION

M-lS04.1 Classification: Incinerators shall be classified in accordance with Sections M-1504.2 through M-1504.9. Section
M-ISOS.3 shall apply to incinerators designed to bum a combination of wastes not included in the classification provided for
herein.
M-lS04.2 Class I: Class I shall include portable, packaged or
job-assembled direct-fed incinerators of 5 cubic feet (0.14 m')
storage capacity, or 25 pounds per hour (31.5 x 10-4 kg/s)
burning rate, for Type 1 or Type 2 waste.

M-lS0S.2.2 Heat release: Total heat release in the entire

incinerator shall not exceed 25,000 British thermal units per
hour (Btuh) per cubic foot (258 kW/m3).

M-lSOS.3 Incinerator for combination waste: Any incinerator

which is designed to burn a combination of wastes and where
such combination does not fall into a category of "Incinerator
classification" as set forth in Section M-1504.0, shall be classified as Class VI or Class VII. In the design, the specific wastes
shall be classified into the standard categories for such wastes,
and the portion of the incinerator chamber burning such waste
shall conform to the minimum and maximum requirements set
forth for that category. The total products of combustion and the
total heat release and burner capacities shall be utilized in
determining the sizes of the down pass, final combustion chamber, flue connection and stack.

75

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-lS0S.4 Secondary burners: All new incinerators shall provide for a secondary burner or burners (see Section M-1509.4).
Primary burners shall be provided as required in Table M1503.1.

M-lS0S.S.1 Exceeded area: Where the area specified in

Section M-1505.8 is exceeded, the lining of all walls and the
roof shall be at least 9 inches (228 mm) in thickness.
M-lSOS.8.2 Approval: Walls of greater thicknesses shall be
provided where required to provide structural stability.

M-lS0S.S Settling chamber: A chamber shall be provided in

which the products of combustion are reduced in velocity to 9
feet per second (2.7 m/s) at 1,400 degrees F. (760 degrees C.)
while traveling in a vertical direction. The length of gas travel at
9 feet per second (2.7 m/s) shall be a distance at least the square
root of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the settling chamber, measured from the top of the opening under the curtain wall
to the roof of the incinerator, or to the top of the breeching
connection, whichever is lower.

M-lSOS.9 Roofs, arches and lintels: All roofs or arches shall

be designed so that metal supports or lintels are not directly
exposed to heat or flame.
M-lS0S.10 Barometric damper: A barometric damper shall be
provided, and for natural draft stacks, the free area ofthe damper
shall be at least the percentage of the cross-sectional area of the
flue connections, breeching or stack in which the damper is
located as indicated in Figure M-1505.10.

M-lS0S.6 Flame port: The flame port shall be designed to

provide a velocity of not less than 50 feet per second (15.2 m/s)
calculated at 1,000 degrees F. (538 degrees C.).

M-lSOS.U Dampers: All incinerators shall be provided with a

guillotine or sliding damper. Design criteria shall provide at least
lO-percent free opening when the damper is in the fully closed
position.

Exception: This requirement shall not apply to Class I and

Class IA domestic gas-fired incinerators.

M-lS0S.U.l Damper construction: The dampers shall be

constructed of steel frames with refractory lining or of alloy
steel to withstand the high temperature. Guillotine dampers
provided for draft regulation shall be counterbalanced.

M-lS0S.7 Downpass: All incinerators, except gas-fired domestic, shall include a down pass or other means of creating turbulence for the gases of combustion to assure thorough mixing
of the gases prior to their entering the secondary combustion
chamber.

M-lS0S.U.2 Damper box: All guillotine and sliding

dampers shall be provided with a damper box to house
completely the damper when in its full open position. The
damper box shall be constructed of steel having a minimum
nominal thickness of 0.105 inch (No. 12 Manufacturers
Standard Gage).

M-lS0S.8 Refractory lining: A refractory lining that is 4V2

inches (114 mm) in thickness shall be required except where the
area of any wall exceeds 35 square feet (3.22 m2 ). Every wall
over 4 feet (1219 mm) in height shall be anchored every 4 feet
(1219 mm). eastable or plastic refractory shall be anchored
every 18 inches (457 mm).

M-lS0S.U.3 Locking: All guillotine and sliding dampers

shall be provided with an approved locking device.

120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85

,..

80

........

75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30

.....
.......
20

--

30

,.

40

......

,..

.......

i.-""'"

f-'

I..--"""

50

60

70

SO

90

100

110

120

130

HEIGHT a OF CHIMNEY (OR STACK) ABOVE BASE OF THE INCINERATOR

NOTE o. 1 FOOT = 304.Smm

Figure M-1505.10

DETERMINATION OF BAROMETRIC DAMPER fREE AREA

(For natural draft stacks only)

76

INCINERATORS AND CREMATORIES

M-lSOS.12 Mortar: All refractory brick shall be laid in an

approved high-temperature, air-setting refractory mortar. Such
mortar shall be for the same service as the refractory brick.
M-lSOS.13 Metal casing: A metal casing shall be required for
all incinerators.
M-lSOS.14 Insulation: Insulation shall not be less than 2 inches
(51 mm) in thickness, and shall provide a shell temperature not in
excess of 90 degrees F. (32 degrees C.) after the incinerator is fired
for the maximum normal operation time. The shell temperature
shall not exceed a temperature of 180 degrees F. (82 degrees C.).
M-lSOS.lS Refuse charging: Refuse charging shall be direct,
side, end or top. The charging chutes shall not exceed 6 feet
(1829 mm) in length measured from the floor opening above the
incinerator to the outside roof of the incinerator. The charging
chute shall be constructed of steel casing having a minimum
thickness of 0.105 inch (No. 12 Manufacturers Standard Gage),
lined with at least 4 V2 inches (114 mm) of refractory. Where the
incinerator is top charged, an induced draft fan shall be provided.
M-lSOS.16 Combustion air: Air for combustion shall be calculated at 15 pounds (6.5 kg) for 10,000 British thermal units (Btu)
(10.5 kJ) total heat release, based on the theoretical air required
for complete combustion of liquid and solid fuels of 7 pounds
air (3.17 kg) to 7 1h pounds air (3.40 kg) per 10,000 Btu (10.5 kJ)
in such fuels.

M-lS07.1.1 Location: Inside incinerators and waste material

bins or containers shall be located either in a room or compartment not utilized for any other purpose or in a boiler room.
The room shall be enclosed by a I-hour fireresistance rated
assembly but not less than the fireresistance rating required
by the building code Iisted in Chapter 21. Openings between
a high-hazard occupancy and an incinerator room shall not be
permitted.
M-lS07.1.2 Fire suppression system: Every incinerator
room shall be provided with an approved automatic fire
suppression system installed in accordance with the building
code listed in Chapter 21.
Exception: This requirement shall not apply to rooms
where the incinerator bums only Type 4 waste.
M-lS07.1.3 Operating instructions: The incinerator operator shall follow the written instructions of the manufacturer. One copy of the instructions shall be furnished to the
code official, and one copy shall be protected from soiling
and posted in the incinerator room.
M-lS07.1.4 Nameplate: A nameplate shall be conspicuously
fastened to the incinerator indicating the manufacturer's
name, model number, rated capacity of the unit, the type of
waste for which the incinerator is designed and the date of
installation.

M-lSOS.17 Underfire air: Underfire air shall not exceed 10

percent of the total air.

M-lS07.l.S Scrubbers: Alkaline scrubbers, or other approved devices, shall be required for incinerators that bum
halogenated compounds.

SECTION M-150S.0 CONSTRUCTION

M-lS07.1.6 Prohibited installations: In-line incinerators

with a burning capacity less than 750 pounds (340 kg) per
hour shall not be installed.

M-lS06.1 Materials: High-temperature block insulation shall

be required for its high-insulating qualities and resistance to
deformation under high temperature. High-heat-duty refractory
brick shall be required for its resistive qualities to temperature,
spalling, abrasion and disintegration.
M-lS06.2 High-temperature block: The high-temperature
block insulation required by this chapter shall meet ASTM C612,
Class 2, listed in Chapter 21.
M-lS06.3 Refractory brick: The high-heat-duty refractory
brick required by this chapter shall be an approved material.
M-lS06.4 Hydraulic setting castable refractory: The
hydraulic setting castable refractory required by this chapter
shall be an approved material.
M-lS06.4.1 Installation: All castable refractory walls shall
be installed to form a monolithic structure and shall be
anchored to the exterior shell ofthe incinerator. Arches of the
suspended type shall be constructed so that their weight is not
supported by refractory walls. Alloy steel or refractory
anchors shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm)
horizontally and vertically and in accordance with the refractory manufacturer's instructions.
SECTION M-1507.0 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL INCINERATORS

M-lS07.1 General: Commercial and industrial incinerators

shall conform to the requirements of Sections M-1507.1.1
through M -1507.1.6.

SECTION M-150B.O REQUIREMENTS BY CLASS OF INCINERATOR

M-lS0S.l General: The requirements of Sections M-1508.2

through M-1508.9 apply in addition to the requirements of
Section M-1504.0.
M-lSOS.2 Class I: Class I incinerators are for Type I or Type 2
waste.
M-lSOS.2.1 Shell temperature: Class I incinerators shall have
a sufficient thickness of refractory lining and insulation to
prevent the shell temperature from exceeding 100 degrees F.
(38 degrees C.) above normal room temperature, but shall not
exceed 180 degrees F. (82 degrees C.). Provisions shall be made
for expansion to reduce or eliminate damage to the incinerator.
M-lSOS.2.2 Internal temperature: Class I incinerators shall
be constructed to withstand intermittent internal temperatures
of 1,800 degrees F. (982 degrees C.) without failure of structural
parts, such as cracking or warping, so as to permit flame passage
or emission of combustion gases or sparks to the exterior.
M-lSOS.3 Class IA: Class IA incinerators are for Type I or Type
2 waste.
M-lSOS.3.1 Shell temperature: The design shall be such that
when the incinerator is fired with normal waste to be burned
at the rated capacity of the incinerator (in pounds per hour of
Type 1 or Type 2 waste), the shell temperature at any point

77

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

shall not exceed ISO degrees F. (S2 degrees C.). This maximum temperature shall not apply at the surface of the doors
and frames and at the breeching outlet. The incinerator shall
be constructed of steel exterior casing having a minimum
thickness of 0.060 inch (No. 16 Manufacturers Standard
Gage), a I-inch thickness of high-temperature block insulation, and a 2 1,Q-inch thickness of high-heat-duty firebrick or
a 2 V2-inch thickness of castable or plastic refractory. The
castable or plastic refractory shall be anchored to the exterior
steel casing in an approved manner.
M-ISOS.3.2 Internal temperatures: The incinerator shall be
constructed to withstand intermittent internal temperatures of
I ,SSO degrees F. (1027 degrees C.) without failure of structural
parts, such as cracking or warping, so as to permit flame passage
or emission of combustion gases or sparks to the exterior.
M-lSOS.4 Class nA: Class IIA incinerators are for Type 1 or
Type 2 waste fed in small compact packages from two or more
floors above the incinerator. This class of incinerator shall be
provided with automatic sequence of operation.
M-lSOS.4.1 Flues: Class IIA incinerators shall be served by
two flues, one for charging waste and one for carrying the
products of combustion. A positive method shall be employed
to prevent smoke and fumes from escaping into the charging
flue, and provisions shall be made to ensure that the charging
flue remains free from vermin and odor.
M-lSOS.4.2 Burning area: The minimum burning area shall
be 0.10 square feet (0.0093 m 2) per sleeping room and combustion calculations shall be based on 3 hours burning per day.
Where the burning area consists of a combination drying
hearth and cast-iron grate, the hearth area shall not exceed SO
percent of the total burning area.
M-lSOS.4.3 Shell temperature: The primary chamber shall
have a volume of at least 4 cubic feet per square foot (1.22
m'/m2) of burning area. The shell temperature shall not exceed
90 degrees F. (32 degrees C.) above normal room temperature,
and shall not exceed ISO degrees F. (S2 degrees C.).
M-lSOS.4.4 Combustion air: Primary (underfire), secondary and overfire air shall be provided through adjustable
openings to meet the minimum requirements as set forth in
Section M-JSOS.17.
M-lSOS.4.S Service opening: Service openings at each floor
shall not have a daylight opening that exceeds one-third the
cross-sectional area of the charging flue. The daylight opening shall not exceed 160 square inches (0.103 m2). Such
service opening or other charging device shall be designed
without projection into the flue and with the opening to the
flue interior closed off while the service opening door is fully
open. This door shall close automatically upon release.
M-lSOS.4.6 Refractory lining: Refractory lining of the incinerators shall meet the requirements of Section M-ISOS.S.
M-lSOS.4.7 Gas velocities and emissions: Incinerators
under this class shall contain a system to control gas velocities
and emissions. This system shall include secondary combustion chambers, burners, settling chambers and gas washers or
scrubbers.

78

M-lSOS.S Class In: Class III incinerators are for Type 1 or Type
2 waste.
M-lSOS.S.l Type 1 waste: Where designed to burn Type 1
waste, the incinerator shall contain cast-iron grates, stationary
or dump, or a combination thereof with air openings of at least
40 percent of the total burning area. In lieu of 100 percent of
the grate area, up to 20 percent of the total burning area shall
be solid hearth.
M-lS0S.S.2 Type 2 waste: Where designed to burn Type 2
waste, the incinerator shall contain a combination drying
hearth and cast-iron grate area, each approximately SO percent of the total burning area. Where step grates or sloping
grates are utilized in lieu of the hearth, such grates shall
provide at least SO percent of the grate surface.
M-lSOS.S.3 Burning rate: Maximum burning rate per
square foot of primary area shall be as indicated in Table
M-ISOS.S.3. The areas of grate and hearth shall be calculated
on a horizontal projected area and not on the line of the slope
or the area of individual steps.
Table M-1508.5.3
MAXIMUM BURNING RATE VARIOUS TYPE WASTES
Burning rate
(pounds per square foot per hourb)

Capacity
(pounds
per hourb)

Logarithm

Types 00, 0,
1 and 2
waste,
factor 10

Type 3
waste,
factor 8

Type 4
waste, no
factor

100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000

2.00
2.30
2.48
2.60
2.70
2.78
2.85
2.90
2.95
3.00

20
23
25
26
27
28
28
29
30
30

16
18
20
21
22
22
23
23
24
24

10
12 a
14a
15a
16a
17 a
18a
18a
18a
18a

Note a. The maximum burning rate in pounds per square foot per hour for Type
4 waste depends on the size of the largest animal to be incinerated. Whenever the
largest animal to be incinerated exceeds one-third of the hourly capacity of the
incinerator, a rating of 10 pounds per square foot per hour shall be utilized for the
design of the incinerator.
Note b. 1 poun9 per hour = 0.0002159 kg/s; 1 pound per square foot per hour
= 0.000812 kg/m . s,

M-lSOS.6 Class IV: Class IV incinerators are for burning Type

3 waste on a hot drying hearth.
M-lSOS.6.1 Burning rate: Maximum burning rate per
square foot of primary area shall be as indicated in Table
M-1S0S.S.3. The area of the hearth shall be calculated on a
horizontal projected area and not on the line of the slope or
the area of individual steps.
M-lSOS.6.2 Burners: Gas burners shall be provided as required in Table M-JS03.I. Burners shall comply with Section
M-JSOS.4.
M-lSOS.7 Class V: Class V equipment shall be of an approved
type.
M-lSOS.7.1 Automatic feeding and firing: The incinerator
shall provide for automatic feeding and firing.

INCINERATORS AND CREMATORIES

SECTION M-1509.0 CHIMNEYS

M-lS0S.S Class VI: Class VI incinerators are for Type 4 waste.

M-lS0S.S.l Burning rate: The incinerator shall be designed
to burn the refuse on a hot refractory hearth. The maximum
burning rate per square foot of hearth shall be as indicated in
Table M-1508.5.3.

M-lS0S.S.4 Chamber volume: The volume of the primary

chamber shall not be more than 60 percent of the total
incinerator volume.

M-lS09.1 Chimney termination height: Unless otherwise required in Chapter 12, every incinerator chimney, except those
for domestic gas-fired incinerators, shall extend above the roof
as follows:
1. Natural draft chimneys shall extend at least 8 feet (2438
mm) above the roof and not less than 2 feet (610 mm)
above the elevation of any part of the building within 20
feet (6096 mm) of the chimney;
2. Chimneys serving incinerators provided with an induced
draft fan shall extend at least 3 feet (914 mm) above the
roof and above the elevation of any part of the building
within 20 feet (6096 mm) of the chimney; and
3. Where a taller obstruction is within 100 feet (30480 mm)
of the chimney, the chimney shall extend at least 8 feet
(2438 mm) above the highest part of the obstruction,
unless an induced draft fan is installed.

M-lS0S.9 Class VII: Class VII incinerators shall be the same as

Class Ill, Class IV and Class VI incinerators, except that the heat
release, burning rate and velocities shall be determined from an
analysis of waste to be incinerated in each instance.

M-lS09.2 Chimney casing: Incinerator chimneys erected

within a building shall be encased in steel having a minimum
thickness 01'0.135 inch (No. JO Manufacturers Standard Gage).
All joints shall be sealed in an approved manner.

M-lS0S.S.2 Burners: The incinerator shall have burners in

both the primary and the secondary chambers, and the British
thermal unit inputs shall be as required in Table M-1503.1.
Burners shall comply with the requirements of Section M1505.4.
M-lS0S.S.3 Curtain wall: The curtain wall shall be designed
to direct the hot gases beneath the hearth.

Table M-1509.1(1)
NATURAL DRAFT STACKS OR CHIMNEYS c

Class III incinerators

Incinerator
capacity in
pounds
per hour
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000

Type 1 waste
Air
supplya
-

350
525
700
1,050
1,400
1,750
2,100
2,450
2,800
3,150
3,500

Class VI incinerators

Type 3 waste

Type 4 waste

Type 2 waste

Stack
Diameter
(inches)C

Class IV incinerators

Heightb
(feet)C

14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34

30
30
35
35
40
40
40
45
45
45
45

Air
supplya
-

250
375
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
2,000
2,250
2,500

Stack
Diameter
(inches)C

Heightb
(feet)C

12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

25
30
30
35
40
40
40
45
45
45
45

Air
supplyb
-

200
300
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000

Stack
Diameter
(inches)C

Height b
(feet)C

12
14
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30

30
30
35
40
40
45
45
50
50
50
50

Air
supplya
90
180
270
360
540
720
900

Stack
Diameter
(inches)C

Heightb
(feet)C

9
10
12
14
16
18
20

25
25
25
25
30
30
30

--

Nole a. Air supply is given in cubic feet per minute at 70 degrees F. and is the minimum that shall be available at all times In the incinerator room at atmospheric or a
slight positive pressure. The incinerator room or rooms shall not be under a negative or minus pressure. If the incinerator is charged from a room other than the incinerator
room, the quantity of air shown shall be available in both rooms.
The quantity of air shown shall be increased to satisfy the following:
1. If stack or chimney is higher than minimum to satisfy the larger barometric damper involved.
2. If any other equipment requiring air supply is located in the incinerator room or charging room.
Note b. The stack heights are based upon the following:
1. Installation made at or near sea level.
2. Stack heights measured from base of the incinerator.
3. Incinerator is side charged.
4. Breeching or flue connection not exceeding 10 feet in length in a straight run or 3 feet, including not more than one 90-degree bend or two 45-degree bends.
5. Stack terminates as provided for in Section M-1509.1.
The stack height shall be increased or is permitted to be decreased as follows:
1. Increase height 5 percent per 1,000 feet above sea level.
2. Decrease height 25 percent if stack is directly on top of incinerator eliminating any breeching or flue connection.
3. Increase height 15 percent if incinerator is top charged.
4. Increase height 15 percent for each additional 10 feet of straight breeching and 15 percent for each additional 90-degree bend.
Nole c. 1 pound per hour =0.0001259 kg/s; 1 cubic foot per minute =0.0004719 m3/s; 1 foot =304.8 mm; 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 degree =0.01745 rad.; Degrees C. =
[(degrees F.)-32]/1.8.

79

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-1509.1(2)
INDUCED DRAFT FANS

Class III incinerators

Incinerator
capacity in
pounds g
per hour Airf,g supply

Type 3 waste

Type 4 waste
Fane

Pounds per hour 9

Cubic feet
per
Flue gases a Cooling airb minutec,g at
700 F.

"Cold"
static
pressured

100
150
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000

850
1,275
1,700
2,550
3,400
4,250
5,100
5,950
6,800
7,650
8,500

Incinerator
capacity in
pounds 9
per hour Airf,g supply

1,080
1,620
2,160
3,240
4,320
5,400
6,480
7,560
8,640
9,720
10,800

2,160
3,420
4,320
6,480
8,640
10,800
12,960
15,120
17,280
19,440
21,600

1,630
2,160
3,260
4,320
6,520
7,580
8,640
10,840
13,040
14,100
15,160

485
728
970
1,455
1,940
2,425
2,910
3,395
3,880
4,365
4,850

,8
.8

600
900
1,200
1,800
2,400
3,000
3,600
4,200,
4,800
5,400
6,000

768
1,152
1,536
2,304
3,072
3,840
4,608
5,376
6,144
6,912
7,680

1,540
2,310
3,080
4,610
6,150
7,680
9,220
10,750
12,290
13,830
15,360

Fane

1,250
1,875
2,500
3,750
5,000
6,250
7,500
8,750
9,000
10,250
12,500

920
1,380
1,840
2,760
3,680
4,600
5,520
6,440
7,360
8,280
9,200

.7
.7
.72
:75,
.75
.8

.8
.85
,85
,85
.85

Airf,g supply Flue gasesa Cooling airb

--

262
523
785
1,046
1,569
2,092
2,615

.75
.75
.75
.8
;8
.8

.8

Cubic feet
per
minutec,g
at 700 F.

"Cold"
static
pressured

385
770
1,155
,1,540
2,310
3,080
3,850

68
.68
.68
;68

200
400
600
800
1,200
1,600
2,000

.72

Fane

Pounds per hour 9

"Cold"
static
pressured

,68
.7
.7

1,130
1,700
2,250
3,380
4,500
5,680
6,750
7,880
9,000
10,130
11,250

Type 4 waste
Cubic feet
per
minute",g at
700 F.

"Cold"
static
pressured

Class VI incinerators

Flue gases a Cooling air b

625
938
1,250
1,875
2,500
3,125
3,750
4,375
5,000
5,625
6,250

.S
.8

Cubic feet
per
minutec,g
at 700 F.

Type 3 waste
Pounds per hour 9

.7
.7
.72
.72
.75
.75
.75

Airf,g supply Flue gasesa Cooling airb

Class IV incinerators

50
100
150
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000

Fane

Pounds per hour 9

525
1,050
1,570
2;100
3,050
4,200
5,250

--

.7:
.7
.7
-

Note a. The total flue gases or total products of combustion are given In pounds per hour.
Note b. The cooling air is given in pounds per hour and is the air required to be bled into and mixed with the flue gases before entering the induced draft fan and unlined
breeching section,
Note c. The fan capacity is given in cubic feet per minute at 700 degrees F., which is the anticipated temperature of the air-gas mixture entering the induced draft fan,
Note d. The static pressure of the fan is given as the "cold" (70 degrees F.) static pressure with the installation made at or near sea level. The static pressure at 700
degrees F. is 45 percent of the "cold" static pressure, Increase the "cold" static pressure 3.5 percent for every 1,000 feet above sea level.
Note e. The cubic feet per minute capacity of the fan reduces, but the static pressure of the fan increases, to overcome the resistance created by the gas washer or
scrubber used,
Note I. Air supply is given in cubic feet per minute at 70 degrees F. and is the minimum that shall be available at all times in the incinerator room for combustion and
fan cooling air. See also notes regarding air supply in Table M-1509,1 (1).
Note g. 1 pound per hour = 0,0001259 kg/s; 1 cubic foot per minute = 0,0004719 m3/s; Degrees C, = [(degrees F.)-32]/1 ,8,

80

INCINERATORS AND CREMATORIES

M-lS09.3 Flue connections or breechings: Flue connections

or breechings shall meet the requirements for stacks, except
where flue gas temperature reduction is affected. The minimum
for unlined breeching shall be Type 316 stainless steel having a
minimum thickness of 0.1 05 inch (No. 12 Manufacturers Standard Gage), with clearances as required in Section M-12Il.0.

M-lSlO.3.3 Primary and secondary chambers: Burners

shall be provided in both the primary and secondary chambers.

M-lS09.4 Combustion calculation: Table M-1503.1 includes

a column headed "Btu of auxiliary fuel per pound of waste to be
included in combustion calculations." The figures in this column
shall be included when determining total heat release within the
furnace and shall also be included, together with the theoretical
air required for the fuel, when determining the total products of
combustion. The figures in the column headed "Minimum Btuh
burner input per pound waste" shall be utilized to determine
minimum capacity of the burner or burners. Secondary burners
shall be sized to raise the products of combustion at least 200
degrees F. (93 degrees C.) for Type 00, Type 0, Type I and Type
2 wastes, and at least 400 degrees F. (204 degrees C.) for waste
containing over 10 percent plastics, wax-coated or impregnated
paper or other dense smoke-producing materials.

M-lS10.4 Location requirements: Crematories shall be installed in a room enclosed by construction having a minimum
fireresistance rating of I hour.

M-lS09.S Flue gas washers: Where flue gas washers are installed, a pressure switch and flow switch or thermocouple shall
be interlocked with the gas supply to the main burner to interrupt
the gas supply in the event of water failure.

M-lS10.3.4 Heat release: Total heat release within the combustion chamber shall not exceed 40,000 British thermal units
per cubic foot per hour (38429 W/m3).

M-lS10.5 Nameplate: Every crematory shall be provided with

a metal plate or plates pennanently attached to the crematory in
a conspicuous location such that the plate is easi ly read. The plate
shall bear the manufacturer's name, the trade name of the
crematory (if any), the model number, the rated capacity for
which the crematory is designed and the date of incinerator
installation.
M-1510.6 Operating instructions: Complete instructions for
the proper operation of the crematory and all necessary equipment shall be posted on a card adjacent to the crematory and shall
include the following:
1. Steps required to start and stop burners.
2. Operation of controls and instruments.
3. Routine maintenance requirements.

SECTION M-1510.0 CREMATORIES

M-lSlO.l General: A crematory shall include any device utilized to incinerate human bodies, for which burial permits are
required by other statutes or regulations. Pathological incinerators shall be classified as commercial incinerators.
M-lS10.2 Firebox: The firebox of every crematory shall be
enclosed with walls and ceilings with at least 6 inches of superduty refractory brick set in an approved super-duty refractory
mortar, backed with 21;2 inches of insulating firebrick in accordance with the requirements for Group 20 of ASTM C 155 listed
in Chapter 21 or other approved material. The outside covering
for such firebox shall be constructed of steel having a minimum
nominal thickness of at least 0.105 inch (No. 12 Manufacturers
Standard Gage).
M-lSlO.2.1 Combustion chamber: The lining of a
crematory combustion chamber shall be of an approved
super-duty refractory brick pyrometric cone equivalent to at
least a No. 33 cone. The lining of secondary combustion
chambers connecting passageways and breechings, shall be
of an approved high-duty refractory brick pyrometric cone
equivalent to at least a No. 31.5 cone. Super- or high-duty
refractory bricks, where utilized, shall be laid in an approved
high-temperature mortar.
M-lS10.3 Burners: Burners for crematories shall conform to
the requirements of Sections M-151 0.3.1 through M-15l 0.3.4.
M-lS10.3.1 Oil: Oil burners shall not utilize oil heavier than
No.2 fuel oil.
M-lS10.3.2 Limiting controls: Crematory burners shall be
provided with indicating high-temperature limiting controls
with thermocouples mounted in both primary and secondary
chambers.

81

CHAPTER 16
VENTILATION AIR

SECTION M-1601.0 GENERAL

M-1601.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the ventilation of

spaces within a building intended to be occupied. This chapter
does not govern the requirements for smoke control systems.
M-1601.2 Ventilation required: Every occupied space shall be
ventilated by natural or mechanical means.
M-1601.3 When required: Ventilation shall be provided during
the periods that the room or space is occupied.
SECTION M-1602.0 DEFINITIONS

M-1602.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for

the purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.
Mechanical exhaust system: A system for removing air from a
room or space by mechanical means.
Natural ventilation: The movement of air into and out of a space
through intentionally provided openings, such as windows
and doors, or through non powered ventilators.
Outdoor air: Air taken from the outdoors and therefore not
previously circulated through the system.
Recirculated air: Air removed from a conditioned space and
intended for reuse as supply air.

Ventilation: The natural or mechanical process of supplying

conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such air
from, any space.
Ventilation air: That portion of supply air which comes from the
outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been
treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
SECTION M-1603.0 NATURAL VENTILATION

M-1603.1 General: Natural ventilation of an occupied space

shall be through windows, doors, louvers or other openings to
the outdoor air.
M-1603.2 Ventilation area required: The minimum openable
area to the outdoors shall be 4 percent of the floor area being
ventilated.
M-1603.2.1 Adjoining spaces: Where rooms and spaces
without openings to the outdoors are ventilated through an
adjoining room, the unobstructed opening to the adjoining
rooms shall be at least 8 percent of the floor area of the interior
room or space, but not less than 25 square feet (2.33 m2). The

ventilation openings to the outdoors shall be based on the total

floor area being ventilated.
M-1603.2.2 Openings below grade: Where openings below
grade provide required natural ventilation, the outside
horizontal clear space measured perpendicular to the opening
shall be one and one-half times the depth below the average
adjoining ground level.
M-1603.3 Contaminants exhausted: Naturally ventilated
spaces having contaminants present shall comply with the requirements of Section M-1605.0.
M-1603.4 Openings on yards or courts: Natural ventilation
shall be provided by openings onto yards or courts which comply
with the requirements of the building code listed in Chapter 21
or by other approved means.
M-1603.S LP-gas distribution facilities: LP-gas distribution
facilities shall be provided with air inlets and outlets arranged to
provide uniform air movement across the floor of the facility.
The total area of both inlet and outlet openings shall be at least
2
2
1 square inch (645 mm ) for each square foot (0.093 m ) of floor
area. The bottom of such openings shall not be more than 6
inches (152 mm) above the floor.
SECTION M-1604.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION

M-1604.1 Ventilation system: Mechanical ventilation shall be

provided by a method of supply air and return or exhaust air. The
amount of supply air shall be approximately equal to the amount
of return and exhaust air. The system shall not be prohibited [rom
producing a negative or positive pressure. The ventilation system
shall be designed and installed in accordance with Chapter 3.
The required rate of ventilation shall be continuous during the
period the building is occupied, except where otherwise stated.
M-1604.2 Ventilation air required: The minimum ventilation
rate required shall be determined in accordance with Section
M-1604.3.
M-1604.3 Ventilation rate: The minimum amount of outdoor
air required for ventilation shall be determined in accordance
with Table M-1604.3 based on the occupancy of the space and
the occupant load or other parameter as stated therein. The
occupant load utilized for design of the ventilation system shall
not be less than the number determined from the estimated
maximum occupant load rate indicated in Table M-1604.3.

83

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Table M-1604.3
REQUIRED MECHANICAL VENTilATION AIR

Occupancy classification

Estimated maximum
occupant load,
persons per 1,000
square feeta

Outdoor air
[cubic feet per
minute (cfm)!
per person]
unless noted e

Table M-1604.3 (cont'd.)

REQUIRED MECHANICAL VENTilATION AIR
Estimated maximum
Occupancy classification
occupant load,
persons per 1,000
square feeta
Private dwellings, single and multiple (cont'd.)
Baths, toilets

Correctional facilities
20
20
Cells
Dining Halls
15
100
Guard stations
40
15
Dr~ cleaners, laundries
oin-operated dry cleaner
20
15
Coin-operated laundries
20
15
Garages, separate for each dwelling
30
Commercial dry cleaner
30
Garages,
common lor multiple units b
Commercial laundry
10
25
Public spaces
30
35
Storage, pick up
Corridors & utilities
Education
Elevators
15
Auditoriums
150
Locker and dressing rooms b
15
Classroom
50
Public restrooms b
0.10 cfmlft.2
Corridors
Laboratories
20
30
Smoking lounges b
70
20
15
Lioraries
Retail stores, sales floors and showroom floors
0.50 cfm/ft.2
Locker rooins
Basement and street
30
Music rooms
50
15
Dressing rooms
Smoking lounges b
70
60
Malls and arcades
30
20
Training shops
Shipping and receiving
Food and beverage service
Smoking lounges b
70
Bars, cocktail lounges
100
30
Storage rooms
20
Cafeteria, last lood ,
100
Upper floors
Dining rooms
15
70
Warehouses
Kitchens (cooking)
15
20
Specialty shops
Hospitals, nursing and convalescent homes
Automotive service stations
b
0.50 cfm/ft.2
Autopsy rooms
Barber
25
Medical procedure rooms
15
20
Beauty
25
Operating rooms
30
20
Clothiers, furniture
Patient rooms
10
25
Florists
8
15
Physical therapy
20
Hardware, drugs, fabrics
8
Recovery and ICU
20
15
Pet shops
Hotels, motels, resorts, dormitories
Reducing salons
20
15
Assembly rooms
120
Supermarkets
8
35 cfm per room
Bathsb
Sports
and
amusement
30 clm per room
Bedrooms
Ballrooms and discos
100
Conference rooms
20
50
Bowling alleys (seating areas)
70
15
Dormitory sleeping .areas
20
Game
rooms
70
Gambling casinos
30
120
Ice arenas
Living rooms
30 cfm per room
Playing floors (gymnasiums)
30
15
Lobbies
30
Spectator areas
150
Offices
Swimming pools (pool and deck area)
Conference rooms
50
20
Storage
Office spaces
7
20
Repair garages, public garages
Reception areas
60
20
(enclosed)d
Telecommunication centers and
Warehouses
5
data entry
60
20
Theaters
Private dwellings, Single and multiple
Auditoriums
150
Living areasc
Based upon number
0.35 air changes
Lobbies
150
01 bedrooms.
per hou~ or
Stages, studios
70
First bedroom: 2;
15 cfm per person,
Ticket booths
60
each additional bedroom: 1 whichever is
greater
Transportation
Kitchens
100 cfm
Platforms
100
intermittent;
Vehicles
150
25 clm
Waiting rooms
100
continuous;
Workrooms
or openable
Bank vaults
5
windows
Darkrooms

84

Outdoor air
[cubic feet per
minute (clm)!
per person]
unless noted e

50 cfm
intermittent;
20 clm
continuous;
or openable
windows
.
100 cfm per car
1.5 cfm/ft. 2
0.05 cfm/ft.2
1.00 cfm/ft. 2
0.5 cfmlft.2
75 cfm per water
closet or urinal

60

0.30 cfm/ft. 2
0.20 cfmlft.2
0.20 cfm/ft.2
0.15 cfm/ft.2

60
0.15 cfm/ft.2
0.20 cfm/ft.2
0.05 clmlft. 2
1.5 cfmlft. 2
15
25
0.30 clmlft.2
15
15'
1.00 cfm/ft.2
15
15
25
25
25

0.50 cfmlft.2
. 20
15
0.50 cfm/ft.2
1.5 cf m/ft. 2
10
15
20
15
20
15
15
15
15
0.50 cfm/ft.2

VENTILATION AIR

Table M-1604.3 (conl'd.)

REQUIRED MECHANICAL VENTILATION AIR

Occupancy classification

Estimated maximum
occupant load,
persons per 1,000
square feef

Outdoor air
[cubic feet per
minute (cfm)f
per person)
unless noted e

to

0.50 cfm/ft.2
15
15

Workrooms (conl'd.)
Duplicating, printing

. Meat p~o~e,~sing~'
Pharmacy

20
10

Photo studios

M-1604.S.1 Transfer air: Except where recirculation from

such spaces is prohibited by Table M-1604.3, air transferred
from occupied spaces shall be permitted to serve as makeup
air for required exhaust systems in such spaces as kitchens,
baths, toilet rooms, elevators and smoking lounges.
M-1604.S.2 Swimming pool area recirculation: Supply air
to a swimming pool and deck area shall be permitted to be
recirculated, in accordance with Section M-1604.5, where
such air is dehumidified to maintain the relative humidity of
the area at 60 percent or less. Air from this area shall not be
recirculated to other spaces.

15

Note a. Based upon net occupied heated or conditioned space.

Note b. Mechanical exhaust required (see Section M-1605.0).
Note c. Spaces unheated or maintained below 50 degrees F. (10 degrees C.) are
not covered by these requirements unless the occupancy is continuous.
Note d. Public parking garages shall be ventilated in accordance with Section
M-1605.6 where the ventilation system is operated by an automatic carbon
monoxide detection device.
Note e. Where the ventilation rate is expressed in cfmlft. 2, such rate is based
upon cubic feet per minute per square foot of the floor area being ventilated.
Nole f. 1 cubic foot per minut~ = 0.00472 m3/s; 1 cubic foot per minute per
square foot = 0.000508 m3/(s . m )

M-1604.6 Outdoor air quality: The concentration of common

contaminants in the outdoor air shall not exceed the levels
indicated in Table M-1604.6. Air filtration, other means for the
removal of contaminants, or a combination of air filtration and
other means of removal of contaminants shall be employed
where necessary to bring the outdoor air quality into compliance
with this section.

SECTION M-1605.0 MECHANICAL EXHAUST

M-1604.3.1 System operation: The minimum amount of

outdoor air supplied during the period the building is occupied shall be permitted to be based upon the rate per person
indicated in Table M-1604.3 and the actual number of occupants present.

M-160S.1 General: Stationary local sources producing airborne particulates, heat, odors, fumes, spray, vapors, smoke or
gases in such quantities as to be irritating or injurious to health
shall be provided with an exhaust system or a means of collection
and removal of the contaminants. All air supplied or transferred
to spaces designated by Note b of Table M-1604.3 shall be
exhausted directly to the outdoors without recirculation. All
exhaust required by this section shall discharge directly to an
approved location at the exterior of the building.

M-1604.4 Air temperature: The temperature differential between ventilation air and air in the conditioned space shall not
exceed 10 degrees F. (6 degrees C.).
Exception: Ventilation air that is part of the air conditioning
system.

M-160S.2 Exhaust location: The inlet to the exhaust system

shall be located in the area of heaviest concentration of contaminants.

M-1604.S Supply air: Ventilation supply systems shall deliver

the required rate of supply air to the zone within the occupied
space between 3 inches (760 mm) and 72 inches (1830 mm)
above the floor and more than 2 feet (610 mm) from the enclosing
walls. The total supply air rate shall not be less than, nor limited
to, that required by Table M-1604.3. Supply air in excess of the
required outdoor air rate shall be permitted to be recirculated in
spaces supplied by the ventilation system. Air shall not be
recirculated to another dwelling or to a dissimilar occupancy.

M-160S.3 System operation: The mechanical exhaust system

shall be sized to remove all of the air required to be exhausted in
Section M-160S.1. The system shall operate when air is required
to be exhausted.
M-160S.4 Special areas: A mechanical exhaust system shall be
installed in areas and locations in accordance with Sections
M-160S.4.1 through M-160S.4.6.2.

Table M-1604.6
MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS IN OUTDOOR AIR
Long term
Concentration averaging

Contaminant

Sulfur dioxide
Particles d (PM1 0)
Ca~bon monox. id~
Carbon. mono~ide
Oxidants (ozone)
Nitrogen dioxide
Lead

Short term

Parts per million

Time periods

80
50 b

0.03

1 year
1 year

rI

Concentration averaging

Microgram per
cubic meter

100
1.5

0.055
-

1 year
3 months

Microgram per
cubic meter
365 a
150a
40,000"
10,000"
235C

Parts per million

Time periods

0.14a

24 hours
24 hours
1 hour
8 hours
1.hour

35"

g"

0.12c
-

Note a. Not to be exceeded more than once per year.

Note b. Arithmetic mean.
Note c. Compliance is attained where the number of days per calendar year with hourly average concentrations above 0.12 parts per million (235 micrograms/m 3) does
not exceed 1.
Note d. Particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers (PM10).

85

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL COOE/1993

M-160S.4.1 Motor vehicle operation: In areas where motor

vehicles operate for a period of time exceeding 10 seconds,
the ventilation return air shall be exhausted. In motor vehicle
repair areas, an exhaust system shall be provided to connect
directly to the motor vehicle exhaust. In fuel-dispensing
areas, the bottom of the air inlet or exhaust opening shall be
located not more than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.
Exception: This section shall not apply where the motor
vehicles being operated or repaired are electrically
powered.
M-160S.4.2 Spray-painting and dipping rooms: Rooms or
booths for spray painting or dipping shall have a mechanical
exhaust system which provides a minimum cross-sectional
air velocity of 100 feet per minute (0.508 m/s). The system
shall provide a uniform exhaust of air across the width and
height of the room or booth. The exhaust system shall operate
while spray painting or dipping is being conducted.

M-160S.4.6.2 Controls: A manual shutoff control shall be

provided outside the hazardous material storage room
adjacent to the access door into the room or in an approved
remote location. The shutoff control shall be of the breakglass type and shall be identified by the words "Ventilation
System Emergency Shut Off."
M-160S.S Hazardous exhaust: The mechanical exhaust of high
concentrations of dust or hazardous vapors shall conform to the
requirements of Section M-311.0.

M-160S.4.3 Motion picture projectors: Projectors equipped

with an exhaust discharge shall be directly connected to a
mechanical exhaust system. The exhaust system shall operate
at an exhaust rate as indicated by the manufacturer's installation instructions.

M-160S.6 Public garages: Mechanical ventilation systems for

public garages are not required to operate continuously where
the system is arranged to operate automatically upon detection
of a concentration of carbon monoxide of 25 parts per million
by approved automatic detection devices.

M-160S.4.3.1 Projectors without exhaust connection:

Projectors without an exhaust connection shall have contaminants exhausted through a mechanical exhaust system. The exhaust rate for electric arc projectors shall be a
minimum of200 cubic feet per minute (cfm) per lamp. The
exhaust rate for xenon projectors shall be a minimum of
300 cfm per lamp. The xenon projector exhaust shall be at
a rate such that the exterior temperature of the lamp
housing shall not exceed 130 degrees F. (54 degrees C.).
The lamp and projection room exhaust systems, if combined or independent, shall not be interconnected with any
other exhaust or return system within the building.

M-160S.6.1 Minimum ventilation: Automatic operation of

the system shall not reduce the ventilation rate below 5 cfm
(0.0024 m3/s) per person and the system shall be capable of
producing a ventilation rate of 1.5 cfm per square foot (0.0076
m 3/s . m2) of floor area.

M-160S.4.3.2 Nitrate film: Where cellulose nitrate film

is utilized, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with
NFiPA 40 listed in Chapter 21.
M-160S.4.4 Dry cleaning equipment: Dry cleaning equipment shall be provided with an exhaust system capable of
maintaining a minimum air velocity of 100 feet per minute
(0.508 m/s) across the face of the loading door.
M-160S.4.S LP-gas distribution facilities: LP-gas distribution facilities that are not provided with natural ventilation in
accordance with Section M-1603.5 shall have an exhaust
system that produces a ventilation rate of 1 cfm per square
foot (0.00502 m3/s . m 2) of floor area. Such exhaust system
shall operate continuously. The bottom of air inlet and outlet
openings shall not be more than 6 inches (152 mm) above the
floor.
M-160S.4.6 Hazardous materials: All structures in which
hazardous materials are stored shall be provided with a
mechanical exhaust system where required by the fire prevention code listed in Chapter 21. The mechanical exhaust ventilation rate shall not be less than I cfm per square foot of
floor area utilized for storage, and not less than ISO cfm total.

86

M-160S.4.6.1 Design: The mechanical exhaust system

shall be designed with consideration for the potential
fumes or vapors released. Where fumes and vapors are
heavier than air, the exhaust shall be taken from a point
within 12 inches above the floor. The exhaust and supply
air openings shall be located to provide uniform air movement across all portions of the floor, room or space. The
mechanical exhaust system shall be designed for continuous operation.

SECTION M-1606.0 VENTILATION OF UNINHABITED SPACES

M-1606.1 General: Uninhabited spaces, such as crawl spaces

and attics, shall be provided with natural ventilation openings as
required by the building code listed in Chapter 21 or such spaces
shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with Sections
M-1606.2 and M-1606.3.
M-1606.2 Type of system: The ventilation system shall be a
mechanical exhaust and supply air system. The exhaust rate shall
be 0.02 cubic feet per minute per square foot (0.0001 m 3/s . m2 )
of horizontal area.
M-1606.3 System operation: The ventilation system shall
operate when the relative humidity in the space exceeds 60
percent.

CHAPTER 17
AIR QUALITY

SECTION M-1701.0 GENERAL

M-1701.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the emission of air

poilu ants within the jurisdiction to maintain a standard of air
qualiLY in the breathing atmosphere that is free from smoke,
pollutants and synergistic agents.
M-1701.2 Equipment failure: Emissions are permitted to exceed the limitations required in this chapter for a short duration
of time resulting from failure of the controlling equipment.
SECTION M-1702.0 DEFINITIONS

M-1702.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for

the purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.
Air pollutants: Any particulate matter, gas or odor, including
but not limited to, smoke, dust, soot, vapor, mist or irritating,
noxious or obnoxious acids, alkalies, fumes or gases or any
combination of these. Uncombined water vapor is not an air
pollutant.
Air pollution: The presence in the out-of-doors atmosphere of
one or more air pollutants in such quantities as to be, or tend
to be, injurious to human, plant or animal life, or to property,
or as to interfere unreasonably with the enjoyment of life and
property.
Emission: The discharge or escape into the atmosphere of one
or more air pollutants.
Nuisance: Public nuisance as known in common law or in equity
jurisprudence; whatever is dangerous to human life or
detrimental to health; whatever structure or premises is not
sufficiently ventilated, sewered, drained, cleaned or lighted,
with respect to its intended or actual occupancy; and whatever
renders the air or human food or drink or water supply
unwholesome.

pounds of gas (0.20 kg per 1000 kg), adjusted to 12 percent CO 2

measured at any point in the stack or stack brecching, or
downstream of the final air pollution control device, if such
device exists. Particulates shall not be larger in any dimension
than 20-mesh Tyler Standard Screen Scale, Vn inch (0.8 mm).
M-1703.2 Noncombustion gases: Particulates in noncombustion gases shall not exceed 0.20 pounds per 1,000 pounds of gas
(0.20 kg per 1000 kg) of undiluted gas, measured at any point in
the discharge system or downstream of all air pollution control
devices. Particulates shall not be larger in any dimension than
20-mesh Tyler Standard Screen Scale, '112 inch (0.8 mm).
SECTION M-1704.0 RINGElMANN STANDAR[)S

M-1704.1 General: The emissions from a single source, other

than water in uncombined form, shall have a shade and opacity
less than shade Number I on the DOl Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 8333, Ringelmann Smoke Chart, listed in
Chapter 21.
SECTION M-1705.0 SULFUR DIOXIDE

M-170S.1 Emissions concentration: Emissions shall not have

a concentration of sulfur dioxide exceeding 2,000 parts per
million. Sulfur and oxygen present in the emissions shall be
considered as sulfur dioxides. The emissions analysis shall be
taken over a 15-minute period.
SECTION M-1706.0 NUISANCE

M-1706.1 Nuisance pollutants prohibited: Emissions shall not

contain any nuisance pollutants in an amount that is detrimental
to health, safety or welfare, or that causes damage to property.

Particulate: Any suspended ash particles, soot or any material,

except uncombined water, which is suspended in a gas stream
as a liquid or solid at standard conditions.
Ringelmann: The standard of smoke density described in the
DOl Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 8333, Ringelmann Smoke Chart, listed in Chapter 21, and the equivalent
opacity of all other visible emissions.
SECTION M-1703.0 PARTICULATE MATTER IN GASES

M-1703.1 Combustion gases: Particulates, in gases from the

combustion of any fuel, shall not exceed 0.20 pounds per 1,000

87

CHAPTER 18
SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS

SECTION M-1801.0 GENERAL

M-1801.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the construction,

installation, alteration and repair of all systems and equipment
intended to utilize solar energy for space heating or cooling,
domestic hot water heating, swimming pool heating or processing.
M-1801.2 Solar energy equipment: Solar energy equipment
shall conform to the requirements of this chapter and shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
SECTION M-1802.0 INSTALLATION

M-1802.1 Access: Access shall be provided to solar energy

equipment for maintenance.

are capable of developing shall have a relief device such that

a section cannot be valved off or otherwise isolated from a
relief device. Relief valves shall comply with the requirements of Section M-605.3 and discharge in accordance with
Section M-605.5.
M-1802.4.2 Vacuum: The solar energy system components
that arc subjected to a vacuum in operation or during shutdown shall be designed to withstand such vacuum or shall be
protected with vacuum relief valves.
M-1802.4.3 Protection from freezing: System components
shall be protected from damage by freezing of heat transfer
liquids at the lowest ambient temperatures that will be encountered during the operation of the system.
M-1802.4.4 Expansion tanks: Liquid single-phase solar
energy systems shall be equipped with expansion tanks sized
in accordance with Section M-609.0.

M-1802.2 Controlling condensation: Where attics or structural

spaces are part of a passive solar system, ventilation of such
spaces is not required where other approved means of controlling
condensation are provided.

M-1802.S Roof penetrations: All roof penetrations shall be

adequately waterproofed.

M-1802.3 Roof-mounted collectors: Roof-mounted solar collectors that also serve as a roof covering shall conform to the
requirements for roof coverings in accordance with the building
code listed in Chapter 21.

M-1802.6 Filtering: Air transported through rock or dustproducing materials by means other than natural convection to
occupied spaces shall be filtered at the outlet of the heat storage
system.

Exception: Approved plastic is permitted to be utilized as

solar collector covers in the same manner as permitted for
plastic roof panels in the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-1802.3.1 Collectors mounted above the roof: Where
mounted on or above the roof covering, the collector array
and supportive construction shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or fireretardant-treated wood conforming
to the building code listed in Chapter 21, to the extent required
for the type of roof construction of the building to which the
collectors are accessory.
Exception: Approved plastic is permitted to be utilized as
solar collector covers in the same manner as permitted for
skylights in the building code listed in Chapter 21.
M-1802.4 Equipment: The solar energy system shall be
equipped in accordance with the requirements of Sections M1802.4.1 through M-1802.4.4.
M-1802.4.1 Pressure and temperature: The solar energy
system components containing pressurized fluids shall be
protected against pressures and temperatures exceeding
design limitations with a pressure and temperature relief
valve. Each section of the system where excessive pressures

SECTION M-1803.0 HEAT TRANSFER flUIDS

M-1803.1 Flash point: The flash point of heat transfer liquids

utilized in solar system equipment shall not be less than the
highest temperature determined from the following:
I. Fifty degrees F. (28 degrees C.) above the design maximum operating (flow) temperature of the fluid in the solar
system.
2. Two hundred degrees F. (III degrees C.) below the design
maximum nonoperating (no-flow) temperature of the fl uid
attained in the collector, provided that the collector
manifold assembly is located outside of the building and
is exposed to the weather, and provided that relief valves
located adjacent to the collector or collector manifold do
not discharge directly into the building.
3. The design maximum no-flow temperature in all other
collector manifold and relief valve configurations.
M-1803.2 Definitions: The following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this section and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.
Heat transfer liquid: The operating or thermal storage liquid
utilized in a solar energy system, including water or other

89

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1 993

liquid base, and all additives at the concentration present

under operating conditions.

M-tS03.3 Flammable gases and liquids: Ajlammahle liquid

or gas shall not be utilized as a heat transfer fluid. Thejlash point
of liquids used in occupancies classified in Use Group H or F
shall not be lower unless approved.
SECTION M-1804.0 MATERIALS

M-lS04.1 Collectors: Collectors shall be laheled to show the

manufacturer's name and address, model number, collector dry
weight, maximum allowable operating and nonoperating
temperatures and pressures, minimum allowable temperatures
and the types of heat transfer fluid allowed.

M-lS04.2 Thermal storage units: Pressurized thermal storage

units shall be labeled to show the manufacturer's name and
address, model number, serial number, maximum and minimum
allowable operating temperatures, maximum and minimum
operating pressures and the types of heat transfer fluid allowed.

90

CHAPTER 19
ENERGY CONSERVATION

SECTION M-l 901.0 GENERAL

M-1901.1 Scope: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems of all structures shall be designed and installed for efficient
utilization of energy as herein provided. Calculations of heating
and cooling loads shall be in accordance with ASHRAE 90A
listed in Chapter 21.
For special applications, such as hospitals, laboratories, thermally sensitive equipment, computer rooms and manufacturing
processes, the design concepts and parameters shall conform to
the requirements of the application at minimum energy levels.
SECTION M-1902.0 DEFINITIONS

fans, and the heating, ventilating and air conditioning system

equipment control circuit.
Energy efficiency ratio (EER): The ratio of net cooling
capacity in British thermal units per hour to the total rate of
electrical input in watts under designated operating conditions.
New energy: Energy, other than recovered energy, utilized for
the purpose of heating or cooling.
Reheat: The application of sensible heat to supply air that has
been previously cooled below the temperature of the conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or the introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling.

M-1902.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for

the purposes of this chapter and as stated elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

Thermostat: An instrument that measures changes in temperature and which controls devices utilized for maintaining a
desired temperature.

Air conditioning: The treatment of air so as to control simultaneously the temperature, humidity, cleanness and distribution of the air to meet the requirements of a conditioned space.

Zone: A space or group of spaces within a structure with heating

and cooling requirements sufficiently similar so that comfort
conditions are capable of being maintained throughout by a
single controlling device.

Air conditioning system: An air conditioning system consists

of heat exchangers, blowers, filters, supply, exhaust and
return ducts, and shall include any apparatus installed in
connection therewith.
Air distribution system: Any system of ducts, plenums and
air-handling equipment which circulates air within a space or
spaces and includes systems made up of one or more air-handling units.
Coefficient of performance (COP), cooling: The ratio of the
rate of net heat removal to the rate of total energy input
expressed in consistent units and under designated rating
conditions.
Coefficient of performance (COP), heat pump, heating: The
ratio of the rate of net heat output to the rate of total energy
input expressed in consistent units and under designated
rating conditions.
The rate of net heat output shall be defined as the change
in the total heat contents of the air entering and leaving the
equipment, not including supplementary heat.
Total energy input shall be determined by combining the
energy inputs to all elements, except supplementary heaters,
of the heat pump, including but not limited to, compressors,
supply air fans, return air fans, outdoor air fans, cooling tower

SECTION M-1903.0 DESIGN CONDITIONS

M-1903.1 Parameters: For calculations under this section, the

design conditions specified in Sections M-1903.1.1 through
M-1903.1.3 shall apply.
M-1903.1.1 Outdoor temperature: Outdoor design
temperatures shall be based on the 97 lh-percent value for
heating and the 2ln-percent value for cooling as determined
from Appendix A or other approved source.
M-1903.1.2 Indoor temperature: Indoor design temperature shall be 70 degrees F. (21 degrees C.) for heating and 78
degrees F. (25 degrees C.) for cooling.
M-1903.1.3 Humidity: Indoor design relative humidity for
heating shall not exceed 30 percent. For cooling, the actual
design relative humidity within the comfort envelope as
defined in ASHRAE 55 listed in Chapter 21 shall be selected
for the minimum total heating, ventilating and air conditioning system energy utilization.
M-1903.2 Cooling with outdoor air: Each fan system shall be
designed to utilize up to and including 100 percent of the fan
system capacity for cooling with outdoor air automatically
whenever the utilization of outdoor air will result in lower usage

91

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

of energy than is required under nonnal operation of the fan

system.
Exception: Cooling with outdoor air is not required under
anyone or more of the following conditions:
1. Where the fan system capacity is less than 5,000 cubic
feet per minute (cfm) (2.35 m 3/s) or 134,000 British
thennal units per hour (Btuh) (39.3 kW) total cooling
capacity.
2. Where the quality of the outdoor air is so poor as to
require extensive treatment of the air.
3. Where the need for humidification or dehumidification requires the utilization of more energy than is
conserved by outdoor air cooling on an annual basis.
4. Where the utilization of outdoor air cooling would
affect the operation of other systems (such as return
or exhaust air fans or supennarket refrigeration) so as
to increase the overall energy consumption of the
building.
5. Where energy recovered from an internal/external
zone heat-recovery system exceeds the energy conserved by outdoor air cooling on an annual basis.
6. Where the annual heating degree days are less than
1,200 Fahrenheit heating degree days (760 Celsius
heating degree days).
7. Where all space cooling is accomplished by acirculating liquid that transfers space heat directly or indirectly to a heat-rejection device, such as a cooling tower,
without the utilization of a refrigeration system.
8. Where the outdoor wet-bulb design conditions are
more than 72 degrees F. (22 degrees C.) and the annual
Fahrenheit heating degree days are less than 2,000
(1110 Celsius heating degree days).
9. Where the utilization of 100-percent outside air will
cause coil frosting, controls are permitted to be added
to reduce the quantity of outside air. The intent of this
exception is to utilize 100-percent outside air in lieu
of mechanical cooling when cooling with outdoor air
will utilize less energy. This exception applies only to
direct expansion systems when the compressor is
running.
10. Where the fan system will regularly be operated for
less than 30 hours per week.
11. Where the total design sensible cooling load is less
than 6.8 Btuh/ft. 2 (21.6 W/m2) of floor area.
12. In occupancies in Use Groups R-2 and R-3.
M-1903.3 Mechanical ventilation: Each mechanical ventilation system shall be equipped with a means for either shutoff or
volume reduction, and for shutoff when ventilation is not required. Ready access shall be provided to the required controls.
Automatic or gravity dampers that close when the system is not
operating shall be provided for outdoor air intakes and exhausts.
Exceptions
I. Manual dampers for outdoor air intakes shall be permitted where the system capacity is less than 5,000 cfrn
(2.3 m3/s) or where installed in occupancies in Use
Groups R-2 and R-3.
2. Dampers are not required where ventilation airflow is
3
less than 100 cfm (0.047 m /s).

92

M-1903.4 Simultaneous heating and cooling: Systems that

employ both heating and cooling simultaneously in order to
achieve comfort conditions within a space shall be limited to those
situations where more efficient methods of heating and air conditioning are not capable of effectively meeting the system objectives. Simultaneous heating and cooling by reheating orrecooling
supply air or by concurrent operation of independent heating and
cooling systems serving a common zone shall be restricted as
specified in Sections M-1903.4.1 through M-I903.4.7.
M-1903.4.1 New energy for humidity control: New energy
shall not to be utilized to control humidity except where
necessary to prevent relative humidity from rising above 60
percent for comfort control or to prevent condensation on
tenninal units or outlets.
M-1903.4.2 New energy for temperature control: New
energy shall not be utilized for control of temperature unless
minimized as specified in Sections M-I903.4.3 through M1903.4.7.
M-1903.4.3 Reheat systems: Systems employing reheat and
serving multiple zones, except those employing variable air
volume for temperature control, shall be provided with controls that automatically reset the system's cold air supply to
the highest temperature that satisfies the zone requiring the
coolest air. Single-zone reheat systems shall be controlled to
sequence reheat and cooling.
M-1903.4.4 Dual-duct and multiple-zone systems: Dualduct and multiple-zone systems shall be provided with a
control that automatically resets the cold deck air supply to
the highest temperature that satisfies the zone requiring the
coolest air, and that automatically resets the hot deck air
supply to the lowest temperature that satisfies the zone requiring the warmest air.
Exception: Systems employing variable air volume for
temperature control.
M-1903.4.S Recooling systems: Systems in which heated air
is recooled, directly or indirectly, to maintain space temperature, shall be provided with a control that automatically resets
the temperature to which the supply air is heated to the lowest
level that satisfies the zone requiring the warmest air.
M-1903.4.6 Multiple-zone systems: For systems with multiple zones, one or more zones are permitted to be chosen to
represent a number of zones with similar heating/cooling
characteristics. A multiple-zone heating, ventilating and air
conditioning system that employs reheating or recooling for
control of not more than 5,000 cfm (2.35 m 3/s) or 20 percent
of the total supply air of the system, whichever is less, shall
be exempt from the supply air temperature reset requirements
of Sections M-1903.4.3 through M-1903.4.5.
M-1903.4.7 Independent systems: Concurrent operation of
independent heating and cooling systems serving common
spaces, and requiring the utilization of new energy for heating
or cooling, shall be minimized by one or both of the following:
I. Providing sequential temperature control of both heating and cooling capacity in each zone.
2. Limiting the heating energy input, through automatic
reset control of the heating medium temperature (or

ENERGY CONSERVATION

energy input rate), to only that necessary to offset heat

loss due to transmission and infiltration and, where
applicable, to heat the ventilation air supply to the
space.
SECTION M-1904.0 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

M-1904.1 General: The requirements of this section shall apply

to equipment and component performance for heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems. Where equipment efficiency
levels are specified, data furnished by the equipment supplier or
certified under an approved certification program or rating procedure shall be utilized to satisfy these requirements.
M-1904.1.1 Abbreviations: The efficiency ratings required
by this section shall be hereafter referred to by the following
abbreviations: Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE);
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF); Integrated
Part Load Value (IPLV); and Seasonal Energy Efficiency
Ratio (SEER).
M-1904.2 System equipment: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning system equipment whose energy input in the cooling
mode is entirely electric shall show efficiency levels not less than
the values specified in Sections M-1904.2.1 through M1904.2.7.
These requirements apply to, but are not limited to, unitary
cooling equipment (air cooled, water cooled and evaporatively
cooled), the cooling mode of unitary (central) and packaged
terminal heat pumps (air source and water source), packaged air
conditioners and room air conditioners.
Exception: These requirements shall not apply to equipment
serving areas such as supermarkets having open refrigerated
food display cases or to areas with computers or other equipment contributing a large amount of heat to the area served.

M-1904.2.1 Air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps:

The standard rating conditions and minimum performance
requirements for unitary air conditioners and heat pumps that
are air cooled, electrically operated and have a cooling
capacity of less than 135,000 British thermal units per hour
(Btuh) (39.6 kW), except packaged terminal units and room
air conditioners, shall be as follows.
1. Cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btuh (19 kW) in
cooling mode.
1.1. Split systems: SEER of 10.0.
1.2. Single-package units: SEER of 9.7.
2. Cooling capacity of 65,000 Btuh (19 kW) and greater
but less than 135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW) in cooling mode.
2.1. EER: 8.9 EER based on standard rating condition
of 95 degrees F. (35 degrees C.) dry-bulb outdoor
temperature.
2.2. IPLV: 8.3 IPLV based on rating condition of 80
degrees F. (27 degrees C.) dry-bulb outdoor
temperature.
M-1904.2.2 Evaporatively cooled air conditioners and
heat pumps: The standard rating conditions and minimum
performance requirements for unitary air conditioners and
heat pumps that are evaporatively cooled, electrically

operated and have a cooling capacity of less than 135,000

Btuh (39.6 kW), except packaged terminal units and room air
conditioners, shall be as follows.
1. Cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btuh (19 kW).
1.1. EER: 9.3 EER based on standard rating conditions
of 80 degrees F. (27 degrees C.) dry-bulb and 67
degrees F. (19 degrees C.) wet-bulb indoor
temperatures; and 95 degrees F. (35 degrees C.)
dry-bulb and 75 degrees F. (24 degrees C.) wetbulb outdoor temperatures.
1.2. IPLV: 8.5 IPLV based on rating conditions of 80
degrees F. (27 degrees C.) dry-bulb and 67 degrees
F. (19 degrees C.) wet-bulb indoor temperatures.
2. Cooling capacity of 65,000 Btuh (19 kW) and greater
but less than 135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW).
2.1. EER: 10.5 EER based on standard rating conditions indicated in 1.1.
2.2. IPLV: 9.7 IPLV based on rating conditions indicated in 1.2.

M-1904.2.3 Water-cooled air conditioners and heat

pumps: The standard rating conditions and minimum performance requirements in the cooling mode for water-cooled
air conditioners and heat pumps that are electrically operated
and have a cooling capacity of less than 135,000 Btuh (39.6
kW) shall be as follows.
1. Water-source heat pumps with a cooling capacity of
less than 65,000 Btuh (19 kW).
1.1. EER, standard rating: 9.3 EER based on standard
rating conditions of 80 degrees F. (27 degrees C.)
dry-bulb and 67 degrees F. (19 degrees C.) wetbulb indoor air temperatures; and 85 degrees F. (29
degrees C.) entering water temperature.
1.2. EER, low-temperature rating: 10.2 EER based on
rating conditions of 80 degrees F. (27 degrees C.)
dry-bulb and 67 degrees F. (19 degrees C.) wetbulb indoor air temperatures; and 75 degrees F. (24
degrees C.) entering water temperature.
2. Water-source heat pumps with a cooling capacity of
65,000 Btuh (19 kW) and greater but less than 135,000
Btuh (39.6 kW).
2.1. EER: 10.5 EER based on standard rating conditions indicated in 1.1.
3. Ground-water-cooled heat pumps with a cooling
capacity of less than 135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW).
3.1. EER, standard rating: 11.0 EER based on 70
degrees F. (21 degrees C.) entering water temperature.
3.2. EER, low-temperature rating: 11.5 EER based on
50 degrees F. (10 degrees C.) entering water
temperature.
4. Water-cooled unitary air conditioners with a cooling
capacity ofless than 65,000 Btuh (19 kW).
4.1. EER: 9.3 EER based on standard rating condition
indicated in 1.1.
4.2. IPLV: 8.3 IPLVbased on 75 degrees F. (24 degrees
C.) entering water temperature.

93

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

5. Water-cooled unitary air conditioners with a cooling

capacity of 65,000 Btuh (19 kW) and greater but less
than 135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW).
5.1. EER: 10.5 EER based on the standard rating conditions indicated in 1.1.
M-1904.2.4 Packaged terminal air conditioners: The
standard rating conditions and minimum performance requirements in the cooling mode for air-cooled, electrically
operated, packaged terminal air conditioners shall be as follows.
1. EER, standard rating: EER of 10.0-(0.16 x
capacity/l,OOO) based on 95 degrees F. (35 degrees C.)
dry-bulb outdoor temperature.
2. EER, low-temperature rating: EER of 12.0-(0.20 x
capacity/l,OOO) based on 82 degrees F. (28 degrees C.)
dry-bulb outdoor temperature.
M-1904.2.S Room air conditioners and heat pumps: The
standard rating conditions and minimum performance requirements for room air conditioners and room air conditioner
heat pumps shall be as follows.
I. Equipment without reverse cycle and with louvered
sides.
1.1. EER of 8.0 for less than 6,000 Btuh (1.8 kW).
1.2. EER of 8.5 for greater than or equal to 6,000 Btuh
(1.8 kW) but less than 8,000 Btuh (2.3 kW).
1.3. EER of 9.0 for greater than or equal to 8,000 Btuh
(2.3 kW) but less than 14,000 Btuh (4.1 kW).
1.4. EER of8.8 for greater than or equal to 14,000 Btuh
(4.1 kW) but less than 20,000 Btuh (5.9 kW).
1.5. EER of 8.2 for greater than or equal to 20,000 Btuh
(5.9 kW).
2. Equipment without reverse cycle and without louvered
sides.
2.1. EER of 8.0 for less than 6,000 Btuh (1.8 kW).
2.2. EER of 8.5 for greater than or equal to 6,000 Btuh
(1.8 kW) but less than 20,000 Btuh (5.9 kW).
2.3. EER of8.2 for greater than or equal to 20,000 Btuh
(5.9 kW).
3. Equipment with reverse cycle and with louvered sides.
3.1. EER of 8.5.
4. Equipment with reverse cycle and without louvered
sides.
4. I. EER of 8.0.
M-1904.2.6 Water-source heat pumps: The standard rating
conditions and minimum performance requirements for
water-source and ground-water-source heat pumps that are
electrically operated and have a cooling capacity of less than
135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW) shall be as follows.
The rating conditions shall be based on a maximum air
temperature entering the indoor section of 70 degrees F. (21
degrees C.) dry-bulb and 60 degrees F. (16 degrees C.) wetbulb in addition to the standard rating conditions indicated in
1 and 2.
I. Water-source heat pumps, COP: 3.8 COP based on
standard rating condition of 70 degrees F. (21 degrees
C.) entering water temperature.
2. Ground-water-source heat pumps.

94

2.1. COP, high-temperature rating: 3.4 COP based on

70 degrees F. (21 degrees C.) entering water
temperature.
2.2. COP, low-temperature rating: 3.0 COP based on
50 degrees F. (10 degrees C.) entering water
temperature.
M-1904.2.7 Large unitary air conditioners and heat pumps:
The standard rating conditions and minimum performance
requirements for unitary air conditioners and heat pumps that
are electrically operated and have a cooling capacity greater
than 135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW) shall be as follows.
1. Air conditioners, air cooled.
1.1. EER of 8.5 for 760,000 Btuh (222.8 kW) and less.
1.2. EER of 8.2 for greater than 760,000 Btuh (222.8
kW).
1.3. [PLY of 7.5.
2. Air conditioners, water or evaporatively cooled.
2.1. EER of 9.6.
2.2. [PLVof9.0.
3. Heat pumps, air cooled, cooling mode.
3.1. EER of 8.5 for less than 760,000 Btuh (222.8 kW).
3.2. EER of 8.2 for 760,000 Btuh (222.8 kW) and
greater.
3.3. /PLVof7.5.
4. Heat pumps, air cooled, heating mode.
4.1. COP of 2.9 at 47 degrees F. (8 degrees C.).
4.2. COP of2.0 at 17 degrees F. (-8 degrees C.).
5. Condensing units, air cooled.
5.1. EER of 9.9.
5.2. [PLVof 11.0.
6. Condensing units, water or evaporatively cooled.
6.1. EER of 12.9.
6.2. [PLVof 12.9.
M-1904.3 System components: The minimum performance
requirements for water-chilling packages which have an energy
input that is entirely electric in the cooling mode and which are
water or air cooled shall be as follows.
1. Water cooled, 300 tons (1055.2 kW) and greater in
capacity.
1.1 COP of 5.2.
1.2. [PLY of 5.3.

Exception: Where R-22 refrigerant or a

chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant with an ozone depletion
factor not greater than R-22 refrigerant is utilized, the
minimum COP shall be 4.7 and the minimum [PLY
shall be 4.8.
2. Water cooled, greater than or equal to 150 tons (527.6kW)
but less than 300 tons (1055.2 kW) in capacity.
2.1. COP of 4.2.
2.2. [PLY of 4.5.
3. Water cooled, less than 150 tons (527.6 kW) in capacity.
3.1. COP of 3.8.
3.2. [PLY of 3.9.
4. Air cooled with condenser, ISO tons (527.6 kW) and
greater in capacity.
4.1. COP of 2.5.
4.2. [PLY of 2.5.

ENERGY CONSERVATION

5. Air cooled with condenser, less than 150 tons (527.6 kW)
in capacity.
5.1. COP of2.7.
5.2. IPLV of 2.8.
6. Air cooled without condenser, all capacities.
6.1. COP 01'3.1.
6.2. IPLV of 3.2.
M-1904.4 Heat pumps: Heat pumps having an energy input that
is entirely electric shall comply with Sections M-1904.4.1 and
M-1904.4.2.
M-1904.4.1 Heating seasonal performance factor: The
standard rating conditions and minimum performance requirements in the heating mode for heat pumps that are air
cooled, electrically operated and have a cooling capacity of
less than 135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW) shall be as follows.
1. Cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btuh (19 kW).
1.1. Split systems: HSPF of 6.8.
l.2. Single-package units: HSPF of 6.6.
2. Cooling capacity of 65,000 Btuh (19 kW) and greater
but less than 135,000 Btuh (39.6 kW) in heating mode;
split systems and single-package units.
2.1. High-temperature rating: COP of 3.0 based on 47
degrees F. (8 degrees C.) dry-bulb and 43 degrees
F. (6 degrees C.) wet-bulb outdoor temperatures.
2.2. Low-temperature rating: COP of 2.0 based on 17
degrees F. (-8 degrees C.) dry-bulb and 15 degrees
F. (-9 degrees C.) wet-bulb outdoor temperatures.
M-1904.4.2 Coefficient of performance: Air-cooled,
electrically operated, packaged terminal heat pumps shall
show a minimum COP in the heating mode of 2.9-(0.026 x
capacity/l,OOO) based on 47 degrees F. (8 degrees C.) drybulb and 43 degrees F. (6 degrees C.) wet-bulb outdoor
temperatures.
M-1904.S Supplementary heater: The heat pump shall be
installed with a control to prevent electric supplementary heater
operation when the operating load is capable of being met by the
heat pump alone. Supplementary heater operation is permitted
during transient periods, such as startups, following room
thermostat set-point advance, and during defrost. The cut-on
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than the
cut-on temperature for the supplementary heat, and the cutoff
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than the
cutoff temperature for the supplementary heat.
M-1904.6 Combustion heating equipment: Minimum AFUE
and thermal effiCiency for warm air fumaces and combination
warm air furnaces/air conditioning units shall be in accordance
with Table M-1904.6( 1). Minimum thermal efficiency for warm
air duct furnaces and unit heaters shall be in accordance with
Table M-1904.6(2). Minimum AFUE and combustion efficiency
for boilers shall be in accordance with Table M-1904.6(3).
M-1904.7 Air-transport factor: The air-transport factor for
each all-air system shall not be less than 5.5. The factor shall be
based on design system air flow for constant volume systems.
The factor for variable air volume systems shall be based on not
less than the average conditions of operation. Energy for transfer
of air through heat-recovery devices shall not be included in

determining the factor. Such energy shall be included in the

evaluation of the effectiveness of the heat-recovery system.
Air-transport factor =

_--,=-SpLa::.:cc:.:e_--=-se~n,-,s.ible heat~~rn0"-'!! __ _

Supply + return fanes) power input

where the space-sensible heat removal value and the supply plus
return fanes) power input value are expressed in Btuh or watts.
Space-sensible heat removal is equivalent to the maximum
coincident design sensible cooling load of all spaces served for
which the system provides cooling. Fan power input is the rate
of energy delivered to the fan prime mover.
M-1904.7.1 Other systems: Air-and-water, all-water and
unitary systems employing chilled, hot, dual-temperature or
condenser water transport systems to space terminals shall not
require greater transport energy (including central and terminal fan power and pump power) than an equivalent all-air
system, providing the same space-sensible heat removal and
having an air-transport factor of not less than 5.5.
M-1904.8 Balancing: The heating, ventilating and air conditioning system design shall provide means for balancing the
air and water systems. In doing so, considerations shall include,
but not be limited to, dampers, temperature and pressure-test
connections and balancing valves.
SECTION M-1905.0 CONTROLS

M-190S.1 General: All heating, ventilating and airconditioning

systems shall be provided with controls as specified in this
section.
M-190S.2 Temperature: Each heating, ventilating and air conditioning system shall be provided with at least one thermostat
for temperature regulation.
M-190S.2.1 Settings: Each thermostat shall be capable of
being set from 55 degrees F. (13 degrees C.) or lower to 75
degrees F. (24 degrees C.) or higher where utilized to control
heating only, and from 70 degrees F. (21 degrees C.) or lower
to 85 degrees F. (29 degrees C.) or higher where utilized to
control cooling only. Where utilized to control both heating
and cooling, the thermostat shall be capable of being set from
55 degrees F. (13 degrees C.) or lower to 85 degrees F. (29
degrees C.) or higher and shall be capable of operating the
system's heating and cooling in sequence.
M-190S.2.2 Deadband range: The thermostat shall have an
adjustable deadband temperature range of at least 10 degrees
F. (6 degrees C.) between full heating and full cooling, except
as allowed in Section M-1903.4. 7.
M-190S.3 Humidity: A humidistat shall be provided for a heating, ventilating and air conditioning system that is equipped with
a means for adding moisture to maintain specific selected relative humidities in spaces or zones. The humidistat shall be
capable of being set to prevent new energy from being utilized
to produce space relative humidity above 30 percent. Where a
humidistat is utilized in a heating, ventilating and air conditioning system for controlling moisture removal to maintain specific
selected relative humidities in spaces or zones, the humidistat
shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy from being
utilized to produce a space relative humidity below 60 percent.

95

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL COIJE/1993

Table M-1904.6(1)
STANIJARD RATING CONDITIONS AND MINIMUM PERFORMANCE WARM AIR FURNACES AND
COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR CONDITIONING UNITS

CategoryC
Gas-fired
less than 225,000 Btuh d

Rating conditions

Minimum performance c
(percent)

Seasonal rating

AFUE 78a
Et 80

Oil-fired
less than 225,000 Btuh d
Rated capacitya
steady state

Gas-fired
greater than or equal to 225,000 Btuh d

Maximum

Et 80

Minimum

Et 78

Maximum and minimum rated capacityb

steady state

Oil-fired
greater than or equal to 225,000 Btuh d

Et 81

Note a. This is consistent with the National Appliance Energy Conservallon Act (NAECA) of 1987. These values apply to furnace and combination units covered by
NAECA.
Note b. Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.
Note c. Et= Thermal efficiency (100 percent minus flue losses); Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE); British thermal units per hour (Btuh).
Note d. 1 Btuh = 0.2931 W.
Table M-1904.6(2)
STANDARIJ RATING CONDITIONS AND MINIMUM PERFORMANCE WARM AIR DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS

Minimum performance

Ebt

Rating conditions

Category

(percent)
Duct furnaces
gas-fired
Unit heaters
gas-fired

Rated capacitya
steady state

Maximum

78

Minimum

75

Rated capacitya
steady state

Maximum

78

Minimum

74

Maximum and minimum rated capacitya

steady state

Unit heaters
oil-fired

81

Note a. Provided and allowed by the controls.

Note b. Et = Thermal efficiency (100 percent minus flue losses).
Table M-1904.6(3)
STANDARD RATING CONDITIONS AND MINIMUM PERFORMANCE GAS- AND OIL-FIRED BOILERS

Categoryd
Gas-fired
less than 300,000 Btuh e

Rating conditions

Minimum performance
(percent)d

AFUE
Seasonal rating

Oil-fired
less than 300,000 Btuh e

80 a.c

AFUE
80a

Gas-fired
greater than or equal to 300,000 Btuh e

Maximum and minimum rated capacityb

steady state

80

Oil-fired
greater than or equal to 300,000 Btuh'

Maximum and minimum rated capacityb

steady state

83

Oil-fired (residual)
greater than or equal to 300,000 Btuh'

Maximum and minimum rated capacityb

steady state

83

Ec
Ec
Ec

Note a. ThiS IS consistent With the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987.
Note b. Provided and allowed by the controls.
Note c. Except for gas-fired steam boilers for which minimum annual fuel utilization efficiency is 75 percent.
Note d. Ec = Combustion efficiency (100 percent minus flue losses); Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE); British thermal units per hour (Btuh).
Note e. 1 Btuh = 0.2931 W.

96

ENERGY CONSERVATION

M-190S.4 Temperature zoning: In all occupancies in Use

Group R-3, at least one thermostat for the regulation of space
temperature shall be provided for each separate heating, ventilating and air conditioning system. Additionally, a manual or automatic means, with ready access thereto, shall be provided to
restrict partially or shut off the heating or cooling input to each
zone or floor, excluding unheated or uncooled basements and
garages.
M-190S.4.1 Use Groups R-2: In all occupancies in Use
Group R-2, each individual dwelling unit shall be considered
separately and shall meet the requirements for occupancies in
Use Group R-3.
M-190S.4.2 Other occupancies: In all occupancies except
those in Use Group R-3 and in spaces other than dwelling
units in occupancies in Use Group R-2, at least one thermostat
for the regulation of space temperature shall be provided for
each separate heating, ventilating and air conditioning system
and for each floor of the building.
M-190S.S Setback and shutoff: In all occupancies in Use
Group R-3, the thermostat or an alternative means, such as a
switch or a clock, shall provide a manual or automatic means for
reducing the energy required for heating and cooling during
periods of reduced need.
M-190S.S.1 Other occupancies: In all other occupancies,
each heating, ventilating and air conditioning system shall be
equipped with a means for reducing the energy utilized for
heating, ventilating and air conditioning during unoccupied
periods, periods of reduced need or periods of alternate occupancy of the building spaces or zones served by the system.
The means of reducing energy utilization shall include
manually adjustable automatic timing devices, manual
devices utilized by operating personnel and automatic control
systems.
M-190S.S.2 Lowered settings: Lowering thermostat set
points to reduce energy consumption of heating systems shall
not cause energy to be expended to reach the reduced setting.
M-190S.S.3 Access: Ready access shall be provided to the
controls required by Sections M-190S.S and M-190S.S.1.

97

CHAPTER 20
BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS,
MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION

SECTION M-2001.0 GENERAL

M-2001.1 Scope: This chapter shall govern the maintenance and

safety of all new and existing boilers and pressure vessels. This
chapter shall also govern the annual inspection of boilers.
M-2001.2 Equipment: Boilers and pressure vessels shall be
maintained in accordance with this code and the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code listed in Chapter 2l.
M-2001.3 Fuel conversion: Gas and oil appliances shall not be
converted from the fuel intended to a different fuel, except where
converted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
and approved.
M-2001.4 Boiler operator certificate of fitness: A steam boiler
of more than 10 boiler horsepower (bhp) (98.1 kW) and a boiler
designed to carry a steam pressure of more than 15 psi (103.4
kPa) shall not be operated without a certificate of fitness from
the code official or authorized jurisdictional agency.
M -2001.4.1 Renewal of certificate: The certificate of fitness
shall continue in force for a period of one year unless revoked
or suspended, and applications shall be made for renewal
annually.
M-2001.S Combustion air: Combustion air shall be provided
in accordance with Chapter 10.
M-2001.6 Boiler rooms: Boiler rooms shall be maintained free
from rubbish and storage.
SECTION M-2002.0 INSPECTIONS

M-2002.1 Periodic inspections: All boilers and pressure vessels

subject to the provisions of this code shall be inspected by the
code official, by other municipal authority or by an approved
agency in accordance with Sections M-2002.1.1 through M2002.1.4.
Exception: Heating boilers or pressure vessels which are
located in occupancies classified in Use Group R-2 or R-3
having less than six dwelling units.

M-2002.1.1 Power boilers: Power boilers shall receive an

internal inspection annually where construction permits;
otherwise, the inspection shall be as complete as possible.
Such boilers shall also be externally inspected while under
pressure, if possible.
M-2002.1.2 Lowpressure steam boilers: Low-pressure
steam boilers shall receive an inspection biennially, with an

internal inspection every four years where construction permits.

M2002.1.3 Hot water boilers: Hot water heating and hot

water supply boilers shall receive an inspection biennially,
with an internal inspection at the discretion of the code
official.
M2002.1.4 Pressure vessels: Pressure vessels shall receive
an inspection triennially, with an internal inspection at the
discretion of the code official.
M2002.2 Certificate of inspection: A boiler or unfired pressure vessel subject to the provisions of this code shall not be
placed in operation until a certificate of inspection and approval
has been issued.
M2002.2.1 Boiler record: The code official shall maintain
a file of all boilers and unfired pressure vessels subject to the
provisions of this code, with a record of all inspections and
the official actions thereon.
M2002.3 Major repairs: Equipment shall not be utilized after
major repairs until an inspection has been made by the code
official to ascertain that such repairs have been completed in an
approved manner.
M2002.4 Owners to provide facilities: Every person owning
or having possession or control of any equipment subject to
inspection shall provide, at such person's own expense, proper
arrangements and facilities for attaching the instruments of
inspection. Immediately before the time set for such inspection,
every such person shall remove all scale, dirt, soot and sediment
in, beneath and around such equipment, and shall fill the same
with water where required to do so by the code official, and shall
have all main stop valves and other valves and connections on
such equipment tight, so as to enable the application of hydrostatic pressure, leaving all said equipment in clean condition for
inspection.
M2002.S Equipment testing: All equipment, where required
to be tested by hydrostatic pressure, shall be filled with water by
the owners or operators, and the owners or operators shall furnish
the necessary labor required to work and handle the pumps in
applying the test. Where leaks occur which prevent a successful
test, the code official shall make a second test upon receiving
notice that all leaks have been repaired. A certificate of inspection shall not be issued until testing has been successfully completed.

99

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

M-2002.6 Hydrostatic pressure: The code official shall conduct a hydrostatic pressure test where such test shall be deemed
necessary and shall perform, where possible, an external and
internal examination after testing. The hydrostatic pressure for
such test shall not exceed the maximum working pressure of the
tested equipment by more than 50 percent.
M-2002.7 Test formulas: In certifying the working pressure
permitted on tested equipment, the code official shall utilize
approved test formulas in accordance with the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code listed in Chapter 21.
M-2002.8 Inspection to determine remaining thickness:
Where a hoiler or pressure vessel shows deterioration such that
more detailed information as to thickness is required, the remaining thickness shall be determined by nondestructive (ultrasonic)
testing methods or, if such methods are not available, by drilling.
The drilled hole shall be filled by plugging or by welding, in such
a manner that will prevent leakage, corrosion and other damage
to the hoiler or pressure vessel.
M-2002.9 Seller's inspection: All manufacturers or other persons selling hoilers or pressure vessels, either new or preowned
and operated, shall, before painting the same, have such equipment inspected by the code official and shall have in their
possession a certificate issued by the code official indicating the
amount of pressure per square inch that the equipment is permitted to carry. The certificate shall be furnished by the seller to
the buyer.
SECTION M-2003.0 CONDEMNATION

M-2003.1 General: Any hoiler or pressure vessel which, in the

opinion of the code official, constitutes a hazard shall be condemned in accordance with Section M-119.0.

100

CHAPTER 21
REFERENCED STANDARDS

This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various

sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the
promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification,

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036

Standard
reference
number
A21.52 - 91

API

Title

ASME
Referenced
in code
Section number

Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, in Metal Molds

or Sand-Lined Molds for Gas .............. Table M-803.2

American Petroleum Institute

1220 L Street, NW
Washington, DC 20005

Standard
reference
number

Title

Referenced
in code
Section number

12B - 90 Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production

Liquids-1985 Supplement ................. TableM-903.3
12D - 82 Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of
Production Liquids - 1985 Supplement ........ Table M-903.3
12F - 88 Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of
Production Liquids ......................... Table M-903.3
650 - 88 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage .............. Table M-903.3

ASH RAE
Standard
reference
number
15 - 89

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1791 Tullie Circle, NE
Atlanta, GA 30329-2305

Title

the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this
document that reference the standard. The application of the
referenced standards shall be as specified in Section M-102.5.

Referenced
in code
Section number

Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration ............ M-1303.2

M-1303.2.1, M-I 308. 1.1, M-1308.1.2,
M-1308.1.7
Number Designation of Refrigerants ................. M-1301.2
34- 89
55 - 81
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human
Occupancy .................................. M-1903.1.3
9OA- 80 Energy Conservation in New Building Design - with
Addendum 90A-a-1987 ......................... M-190 1.1

Standard
reference
number

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

345 East 47th Street
New York, NY 10017

Title

Referenced
in code
Section number

B1.20.1 - 83 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch) ............ M-704.3.5

M-804.3.4, M-904.3.3, M-1304.3.3
Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ....... M-803.8.1
BI6.1-89
Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings ............ Table M-703.5
BI6.3-85
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ............ Table M-703.5
BI6.5-88
M-803.8.1
Factory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding
BI6.9-86
Fittings ............................... Table M-703.5
B16.11-91 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and
Threaded .............................. Table M-703.5
BI6.15-85 Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings .............. Table M-703.5
B16.18 - 84 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table M-703.5
B16.22 - 89 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint
Pressure Fittings .................... '" . Table M-703.5
B16.23 - 84 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings
(DWV) ............................... Table M-703.5
BI6.24-91 Bronze Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ..... Table M-703.5
BI6.26- 88 Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper
Tubes ................................ Table M-703.5
BI6.28-86 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and
Returns ............................... Table M-703.5
B16.29 - 86 Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder
Joint Fittings for Sovent Drainage Systems ... Table M-703.5
ASME-89 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Sections IV, VI &
VIII; Divisons 1 & 2 ......................... M-200 1.2
M-2002.7

ASTM
Standard
reference
number
A53-90b

AI06-91

American Society for Testing and Materials

1916 Race Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187

Title

Referenced
in code
Section number

Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,

Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless ........... Table M-703.4
Table M-803.2, Table M-903.4, Table M-1304.2
Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
High-Temperature Service ....... " ......... Table M-703.4
Table M-803.2, Table M-903.4,
Table M-1304.2

101

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

ASTM (cont'd.)

ASTM (cont'd.)

Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges,

and Pipe Fittings ......................... Table M-703.5
A240- 91b Specification for HeatResisting Chromium and
Cbromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and
Strip for Pressure Vessels ................... Table M-803.2
A254-91 Specification for Copper Brazed Steel Tubing .... Table M-703.4
Table M-803.2, Table M-903.4
A420-92 Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel
and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature
Service ................................. Table M-703.5
A525-91b Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet,
Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the Hot-Dip Process .... M-311.6
A539-90a Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Coiled Steel
Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines ........... Table M-803.2
Table M-903.4
B32 -91
Specification for Solder Metal ................... M-704.3.3
Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard
B42 -92
Sizes .... , .............................. Table M-703.4
Table M-803.2, Table M-903.4
Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard
B43 -91
Sizes ................................... Table M-703.4
Table M-803.2, Table M-903.4
B75 -92a Specification for Seamless Copper Tube ........ Table M-703.4
Table M-803.2, Table M-903.4
Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube ... Table M-703.4
B88 -92
Table M-S03.2, Table M-903.4, Table M-1304.2
BI35-91b Specification for Seamless Brass Tube .......... Table M-703.4
Table M-903.4
B210-92a Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn
Seamless Tubes .......................... Table M-803.2
B241-92a Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube. " .Table M-803.2
B251 - 88 Specification for General Requirements for Wrought
Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube ...... Table M-703.4
B280-92a Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air
Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service ... Table M-803.2
Table M-903.4, Table M-1304.2
B302 88 Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe ....... Table M-703.4
Table M-803.2, Table M-903.4
C155 -88 Classification of Insulating Firebrick ............... M-151O.2
C315-91 Specification for Clay Flue Linings ................ M-1207.2
Table M-1216.3.4.l
C41 I - 82 Test Method for Hot -Surface Performance of
High-Temperature Thermal Insulation ........... M-306.1.1
C612 - 83 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal
Insulation ................................... M-1506.2
D56 - 87
Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester ...... M-902.l
D93 - 90
Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Pen sky-Martens Closed
Tester ....................................... M-902.1
D1527 - 89 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 ............ Table M-703.4
D1784 - 90 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Compounds and Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Compounds ...................... ' .... M-304.3
D1785 - 91 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40,80 and 120 .................. Table M-703.4
(Note: D 1788 - 81 has been discontinued and not replaced by ASTM)
D2235 - 89 Specification for Solvent Cement for AcrylonitrileButadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings ................................ M-704.3.4
D2241 - 89 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC)
Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR-Series) ........... Table M-703.4
D2282 - 89 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic
Pipe (SDR-PR) ........................... Table M-703.4

D2412 - 92 Test Method for Determination of External Loading

Properties of Plastic Pipe By Parallel Plate Loading .. M-304.3
D2466 - 90aSpecification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 40 ................ ' ..... Table M-703.5
D2467 - 92 Specification for Socket-Type Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 ............ Table M-703.5
D2468 - 90 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 ............ Table M-703.5
D25 I3 - 91 a Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe,
Tubing, and Fittings ....................... Table M-803.2
D2517 - SI Specification for Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pressure
Pipe and Fittings ......................... Table M-803.2
D2564 - 91 a Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings ........ M-704.3.4
D2846 - 92 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic Hot and Cold Water Distribution
Systems .......... , ................ " ... Table M-703.4
M-704.3.4
D2996 - 88 Specification for Filament-Wound, "Fiberglass"
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin
Pipe) ................................... Table M-903.4
D3309 - 92 Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot Water
Distribution Systems ...................... Table M-703.4
M-704.Il.l
D4021 - 92 Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester
Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks ........ Table M-903.3
E84 - 91a Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building
Materials .................................. M-303.2.2
M-306.l, M-70S.2
E 136 - 92b Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube
Furnace at 750 C. ............................. M-202.0
F438 - 90 Specification for Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40 ............................. Table M-703.5
F439 - 90 Specification for Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule SO ............................. Table M-703.5
F44l - 89 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride )(CPVC)
Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 ...... , ..... Table M-703.4
F442 - 89 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC)
Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) ............... ' ..... Table M-703.4
F493 - 89 Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly
(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings .. M-704.3.4
F876 - 90 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX)
Tubing ................................. Table M-703.4
F877 - 89 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX)
Plastic Hot and Cold-Water Distribution
Systems ................................ Table M-703.4
Table M-703.5

A126- 84

102

AWS
Standard
reference
number

American Welding Society

550 N.W. Lejeune Road
P.O. Box 351040
Miami, FL 33135

Title

Referenced
in code
Section number

A5.8 - 92 Specifications for Filler Metals for Brazing .......... M-704.3.1

M-804.3.1, M-904.3.1, M-1304.3.1

REFERENCED STANDARDS

BOCA

Building Officials and Code Administrators,

Intemational, Inc.
4051 West Flossmoor Road
Country Club Hills, IL 604 7S-5795

Standard
reference
number

Referenced
in code
Section number

Title

BNBC - 93 BOCA National Building Code .................... M-201.3

M-303.2, M-303.3.1, M-303.4, M-307.1, M-307.I.I,
M-307.3, M-309.2.2, M-311.3.1, M-31 1.4, M-312.5,
M-313.2, M-314.1, M-31S.1.6, M-402.1, M-405.2,
M-40S.1, M-S06.4, M-506.7.2, M-506.S, M-507.1,
M-508.1, M-707.1.2, M-707.4, M-70S.2.1, M-S07.2.2,
M-809.7, M-90 1.2.2, M-903.3, M-907 .3.1, M-91 0.4,
M-1201.S, M-1204.3.2, M-120S.2.2, M-1207.S,
M-1211.3.1, M-1212.4.I, M-1304.S, M-1404.3,
M-140S.2, M-IS07.1.1, M-1507.1.2, M-1603.4,
M-1606.1, M-1802.3, M-1802.3.1
BNPC - 93 BOCA National Plumbing Code .................... M-201.3
M-603.I, M-604.2, M-605.5, M-60S.2,
M-609.3, M-701.1, M-707.2, M-707.3
BNFPC - 93 BOCA National Fire Prevention Code. . . .
. ..... M-50S.5
M-901.1, M-J60S.4.6

Standard
reference
number

Circular No.
8333 - 67 Ringelmann Smoke Chart .

Standard
reference
number

Title

WW-P-325B - 76

Pipe Hangers and Support, - Selection and

Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .......... M-706.2

National Fire Protection Association

Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02269

Standard
reference
number
30-90

54

92

58

92

..................... M-l702.1
M-l704.1

72E - 90
88B - 91

Title
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

Federal Specification for Pipe, Bends, Traps,

Caps and Plugs; Lead (for Industrial Pressure,
and Soil and Waste Applications) ...... Table M-703.4

Referenced
in code
Section number
........ M-901.2
M-9IO.1
... M-910.1
.... M-901.2
M-901.2.1
..... M-1605.4.3.2

Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicular Fuel
Systems ................. .
.... M-XI3.3
National Fuel Gas Code ...... .
. ............... M-XIS.I
M-XI6.1
Storage and Handling of Liquified Petroleum Gases
... M-XOl.2
M-XOS.S.I
... M-303.2.5
National Electrical Code ..... .
M-409.1
Automatic Fire Detectors ..
. .... M-309.3
Repair Garages ......... .
... M-406.3.3

SMACNA
Referenced
in code
Section number

Referenced
in code
Section number

Title

NFiPA

70-93

Federal Specification*
General Service Administration
7th & D Streets
Specification Section
Room 6039
Washington, DC 20407

FS

SP-69 - 91

40-88
52 -92

Referenced
in code
Section number

Title

Standard
reference
number

30A - 90 Automotive and Marine Service Station Code

3 I - 92
Installation of Oil Burning Equipment

United States Department of the Interior

Bureau of Mines
2401 E Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20241

001

MSS

Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve

& Fittings Industry, Inc.
127 Park Street, N.E.
Vienna, VA 22180

Standard
reference
number

Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning

Contractors Nat'l Assoc., Inc.
4021 Lafayette Center Road
Chantilly, VA 22021

Title

SMACNA- 85
SMACNA-79

Referenced
in code
Section number

HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and

Flexible ................................. M-304.1
Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards ...... M-304.2

* Standards are available from the Supt. of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402-9325.

liAR
Standard
reference
number
lIAR-2

International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration

IIOJ Connecticut Avenue, NW
Suite 700
Washington, DC 20036

Title

Referenced
in code
Section number

84 Equipment, Design, and Installation of Ammonia

Mechanical Refrigeration Systems ............... M-1303.2
M-1303.2.1

STI
Standard
reference
number
F841- 91
P3 - 90

Steel Tank Institute

570 Oakwood Road
Lake Zurich, IL 60047

Title

Referenced
in code
Sc'Ction number

Standard for Dual Wall Underground Steel

Storage Tanks '"
.........
. .. Table M-903.3
Specification and Manual for External Corrosion Protection
of Underground Steel Storage Tanks ...... . ..... M-90S.1

103

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE{1993

Underwriters Laboratories [ne.

333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, [L 60062-2096

UL
Standard
reference
number
58 - 86

80 - 80
94 - 91

103 - 89

127 - 88

142- 87

144-85
181-90

Title

Referenced
in code
Section number

St,mdard for Safety for Steel Underground Tanks for

Flammable and Commbustible Liquids - with
Revisions thru August 1990 .................. Table M-903.3
Standard for Safety for Steel Inside Tanks for Oil-Burner Fuel
......... Table M-903.3
with Revisions thru August 1992
Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices
and Appliances - with Revisions thru
June 1991
................................ M-307.6.l
Standard for Safety Chimneys, Factory-Built, Residential
Type and Building Heating Appliance - with Revisions
thru February 1989
...................... M-1205.1
M-1205.3
Standard for Safety Factory-Built Fireplaces - with
Revisions thru June 1992 ................. .
.M-120S.3
M-1403.l
Standard for Safety for Steel Aboveground Tanks for
Flammable and Combustible Liquids - with Revisions
thru September 1987 ........................ Table M-903.3
Pressure Regulating Valves for LP-Gas . .
. ...... M-806.1.1
Factory-made Air Ducts and Air Connectors - with
Revisions thru November 1990 .................... M-304.1

M-304.2, M-30S.1, M-30S.2

441 -91
443- 90
5SS - 90
641 - 86
710-90
737 - 88
910-91

959 - 86

1316 - 83

1482 - 88
1746 - 89

1777 - 88
1820 - 89
1887 - 89

Gas Vents - with Revisions thru September 1991 ...... M-1204.1

Standard for Safety for Steel Auxiliary Tanks for Oil-Burner
Fuel. .
. . . . . . .. .
. .. Table M-903.3
Fire Dampers and Ceiling Dampers ................... M-3l3.1
Low-Temperature Venting Systems, Type L - with Revisions
thru August 1989 . . . .
. ............ M-1204.1
Exhaust Hoods for Commercial Cooking Equipment ..... M-503.1
M-503.2
Fireplace Stoves - with Revisions thru June 1991
.. M-120S.3
M-1403.1
Standard for Safety Test for Flame-Propagation and
Smoke-Density Values for Electrical and Optical-Fiber
Cables Used in Spaces Transporting Environment .... M-303.2.S
Medium Heat Appliance Factory-Built Chimneys
- with Revisions thru June 1992 . . . . ............ M-120S.l
Standard for Safety for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic
Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products
- with Revisions thru May 1991 .............. Table M-903.3
Room Heaters, Solid-Fuel Type - with Revisions thru
June 1991 ............
.. .......... M-1402.1
External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel
Underground Storage Tanks - with Revisions thru
. .M-905.1
November 1990 .................... .
Chimney Liners - with Revisions thru
. ........ M-1207.4
June 1992 ............. .
Fire Test of Pneumatic Tubing for Flame and Smoke
Characteristics with Revisions thru April 1991 ...... M-303.2.6
Fire Tests of Plastic Sprinkler Pipe for Flame and Smoke
Characteristics. . .
. ....................... M-303.2.l

ULC
Standard
reference
number
CAN/ULCS603.1 - 92

104

U nderwri ters' Laboratories of Canada

7 Crouse Road
Scarborough, Ontario, Canada Ml R 3A9

Title

Referenced
in code
Section number

Standard for Gal vanic Corrosion Protection

Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for
Flammable and Combustible Liquids ........ M-90S.1

APPENDIX A
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURE TABLE

DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES

FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

State Station C
AL

Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

AK

Anchorage
Fairbanks
Juneau
Nome

DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES a

FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES (cont'd.)

Heating Design temperatures

degree Winter
Summer
days
Dry
Wet
(yearly
bulb
total) 971;2% bulb
21,-2% 21;2%

Degrees
north
latitude b
State Station C

2,551
3,070
1,560
2,291

21
16
29
25

94
93
93
95

77
77
79
79

333'
344'
304'
322'

10,864
14,279
9,075
14,171

-18
-47
1
-27

68
78
70
62

59
62
59
56

61T
645'
582'
643'

AZ

Flagstaff
Phoenix
Tuscon
Yuma

7.152
1,765
1,800
974

4
34
32
39

82
107
102
109

60
75
71
78

351'
333'
331'
324'

AR

Fort Smith
Little Rock
Texarkana

3,292
3,219
2,533

17
20
23

98
96
96

79
79
79

352'
344'
333'

CA

Fresno
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Los Angeles d
Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Francisco d

2,611
1,803
2,061
1,349
2,870
2,502
1,458
3,015
3,001

30
43
43
40
36
32
44
38
40

100
80
80
89
80
98
80
77
71

71
69
69
71
64
71
70
64
62

365'
335'
340'
340'
3T4'
383'
324'
3T4'
3T5'

CO

Alamosa
Colorado Springs
Denver
Grand Junction
Pueblo

8,529
6,423
6,283
5,641
5,462

-16
2
1
7
0

82
88
91
94
95

61
62
63
63
66

3T3'
385'
395'
391'
382'

CT

Bridgeport
Hartford
New Haven

5,617
6,235
5,897

9
7
7

84
88
84

74
75
75

41 1'
4n'
4n'

DE

Wilmington

4,930

14

89

76

394'

DC

Washington

4,224

17

91

77

385'

FL

Daytona
Fort Myers
Jacksonville
Key West
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tallahassee
Tampa
West Palm Beach

879
442
1,239
108
214
766
1,463
1,485
683
253

35
44
32
57
47
38
29
30
40
45

90
92
94
90
90
93
93
92
91
91

79
79
79
79
79
78
79
78
79
79

291 '
264'
303'
243'
255'
283'
303'
302'
280'
264'

Heating Design temperatures

degree Winter
Summer
days
Dry
Wet
(yearly
bulb
total) 971;2% bulb
21;2% 21;2%

Degrees
north
latitude b

2,929
2,961
2,397
2,383
2,136
3,326
1,819

22
22
23
24
25
22
27

92
92
95
93
93
93
93

77
76
79
78
78
78
79

340'
334'
332'
323'
324'
342'
321 '

Hilo
Honolulu

0
0

62
63

83
86

74
75

194'
212'

10

Boise
Lewiston
Pocatello

5,809
5,542
7,033

10
6
-1

94
93
91

66
66
63

433'
462'
430'

IL

Chicago ~MidWay)
Chicago O'Hare)
Chicago d
Moline
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

6,155
6,639
5,882
6,408
6,025
6,830
5,429

0
-4
2
-4
-4
-4
2

91
89
91
91
89
89
92

75
76
77
77
76
76
77

415'
420'
415'
41"3'
404'
421'
395'

IN

Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
South Bend

4,435
6,205
5,699
6,439

9
1
2
1

93
89
90
89

78
75
76
75

380'
41"0'
394'
41"4'

IA

Burlington
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo

6,114
6,588
7,376
6,951
7,320

-3
-5
-7
-7
-10

91
91
88
92
89

77
77
75
77
77

405'
413'
422'
422'
423'

KS

Dodge City
Goodland
Topeka
Wichita

4,986
6,141
5,182
4,620

5
0
4
7

97
96
96
98

73
70
78
76

3T5'
392'
390'
37"4'

KY

Covington
Lexington
Louisville

5,265
4,683
4,660

6
8
10

90
91
93

75
76
77

390'
380'
381'

LA

Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,921
1,560
1,459
1,385
2,184

27
29
31
33
25

94
93
93
92
96

79
80
79
80
79

312'
303'
301'
300'
323'

ME

Caribou
Portland

9,767
7,511

-13
-1

81
84

69
72

465'
434'

MD

Baltimore
Baltimored
Frederick

4,654
4,111
5,087

13
17
12

91
89
91

77
78
77

391'
392'
392'

GA

Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon
Rome
Savannah

HI

105

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 3

FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES (cont'd.)

DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 3

FDR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES (cont'd.)

State Station C

Heating Design temperatures

degree Winter
Summer
days
Dry
Wet
(yearly
bulb
total) 971;2% bulb
21/,>% 21/,>%

Degrees
north
latitude b
State Station C

MA

Boston
Pittsfield
Worcester

5,634
7,578
6,969

9
-3
4

88
84
84

74
72
72

42'2'
42'3'
42'2'

MI

Alpena
Detroit (City)
Escanabad
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing
Marquetted
Muskegon
Sault Ste. Marie

8,506
6,232
8,481
7,377
6,894
6,909
8,393
6,696
9,048

-6
6
-7
1
5
1
-8
6
-8

85
88
83
87
88
87
81
84
81

72
74
71
74
74
74
70
73
70

45'0'
42'2'
45'4'
43'0'
42'5'
42'5'
46'3'
43'1'
46'3'

Duluth
Minneapolis
Rochester

10,000
8,382
8,295

-16
-12
-12

82
89
87

70
75
75

46'5'
44'5'
44'0'

MS

Jackson
Meridian
Vicksburg d

2,239
2,289
2,041

25
23
26

95
95
95

78
79
80

32'2'
32'2'
32'2'

MO

Columbia
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
St. Louis d
Sp ri ngfield

5,046
4,711
5,484
4,900
4,484
4,900

4
6
2
6
8
9

94
96
93
94
94
93

77
77
79
77
77
77

39'0'
39'1'
39'5'
38'5'
38'4'
3T1'

MT

Billings
Great Falls
Helena
Missoula

7,049
7,750
8,129
8,125

-10
-15
-16
-6

91
88
88
88

66
62
62
63

NE

Grand Island
Lincoln d
Norfolk
North Platte
Omaha
Scottsbl uff

6,530
5,864
6,979
6,684
6,612
6,673

-3
-2
-4
-4
-3
-3

94
95
93
94
91
92

NV

Elko
Ely
Las Vegas
Reno
Winnemucca

7,433
7,733
2,709
6,332
6,761

-2
-4
28
10
3

NH

Concord

7,383

NJ

Atlantic City
Newark
Trenton d

4,812
4,589
4,980

MN

NM

106

Albuquerque
Raton
Roswell
Silver City

4,348
6,228
3,793
3,705

Heating Design temperatures

degree Winter
Summer
days
Dry
Wet
(yearly
bulb
total) 971;2% bulb
21/,>% 21/,>%

Degrees
north
latitude b

NY

Albany
Albanyd
Binghamton
Buffalo
NY ~cent. Park)d
NY Kennedy)
NY(LaGuardia)
Rochester
Schenectadyd
Syracuse

6,875
6,201
7,286
7,062
4,871
5,219
4,811
6,748
6,650
6,756

-1
1
1
6
15
15
15
5
1
2

88
88
83
85
89
87
89
88
87
87

74
74
72
73
75
75
75
73
74
73

42'5'
42'5'
42'1'
43'0'
40'5'
40'4'
40'5'
43'1'
42'5'
43'1'

NC

Charlotte
Greensboro
Raleigh
Winston-Salem

3,181
3,805
3,393
3,595

22
18
20
20

93
91
92
91

76
76
77
75

35'1'
36'1'
35'5'
36'1'

NO

Bismarck
Devils Laked
Fargo
Williston

8,851
9,901
9,226
9,243

-19
-21
-18
-21

91
88
89
88

71
71
74
70

46'5'
48'1'
46'5'
48'1'

OH

Akron-Canton
Cincinnati d
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Mansfield
Sanduskyd
Toledo
Youngstown

6,037
4,410
6,351
5,660
5,622
6,403
5,796
6,494
6,417

6
6
5
5
4
5
6
1
4

86
90
88
90
89
87
91
88
86

73
75
74
75
75
74
74
75
73

41'0'
39'1'
41"2'
40'0'
39'5'
40'5'
41'3'
41'4'
41'2'

46'4'
46'5'

OK

Oklahoma City
Tulsa

3,725
3,860

13
13

97
98

77
78

35'2'
36'1'

74
77
77
72
77
68

41"0'
40'5'
42'0'
41'1 '
41"2'
41"5'

OR

Eugene
Medford
Portland
Portland d
Salem

4,726
5,008
4,635
4,109
4,754

22
23
23
24
23

89
94
85
86
88

67
68
67
67
68

44"1'
42'2'
45'4'
45'3'
45'0'

92
87
106
92
94

62
59
70
62
62

40'5'
39'1'
36'1'
39'3'
40'5'

PA

Allentown
Erie
Harrisburg
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh

-3

87

73

43'1'

13
14
14

89
91
88

77
76
76

39'3'
40'4'
40'1'

Reading
Scranton
Williamsport

5,810
6,451
5,251
5,144
5,987
5,053
4,945
6,254
5,934

9
9
11
14
5
7
13
5
7

88
85
91
90
86
88
89
87
89

75
74
76
76
73
73
75
73
74

40'4'
42'1'
40'1'
39'5'
40'3'
40'3'
40'2'
41'2'
41'1'

16
1
18
10

94
89
98
94

65
64
70
64

45'5'
4T3'

35'0'
36'5'
33'2'
32'4'

Pittsbur~hd

RI

Providence

5,954

86

74

41'4'

SC

Charleston
Charleston d
Columbia

2,033
1,794
2,484

27
28
24

91
92
95

80
80
78

32'5'
32'5'
34'0'

SO

Huron
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

8,223
7,345
7,839

-14
-7
-11

93
92
91

75
69
75

44'3'
44'0'
43'4'

APPENDIX A

DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 8

FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES (cont'd.)

State Station C

Heating Design temperatures

degree Winter
Summer
days
Dry
Wet
(yearly
bulb
total) 97 112% bulb
21;2% 2112%

Degrees
north
latitudeb

TN

Bristol
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

4,143
3,254
3,494
3,232
3,578

14
18
19
18
14

89
93
92
95
94

75
77
76
79
77

363'
350'
355'
350'
361'

TX

Abilene
Austin
Dallas
EI Paso
Houston
Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls

2,624
1,711
2,363
2,700
1,396
2,591
2,255
1,546
2,030
2,832

20
28
22
24
32
21
22
30
26
18

99
98
100
98
94
98
99
97
99
101

74
77
78
68
79
72
74
76
78
76

323'
302'
325'
3r5'
294'
320'
312'
293'
3n'
340'

UT

Salt Lake City

6,052

95

65

405'

VT

Burlington

8,269

-7

85

72

443'

VA

Lynchburg
Norfolk
Richmond
Roanoke

4,166
3,421
3,865
4,150

16
22
17
16

90
91
92
91

76
78
78
74

3T2'
365'
3T3'
3T2'

WA

Olympia
Seattle-Tacoma
Seattle d
Spokane

5,236
5,145
4,424
6,655

22
26
27
2

83
80
82
90

66
64
67
64

4TO'
4T3'
4T4'
4T4'

WV

Charleston
Elkins
Huntington
Parkersburg d

4,476
5,675
4,446
4,754

11
6
10
11

90
84
91
90

75
72
77
76

382'
385'
382'
392'

WI

Green Bay
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee

8,029
7,589
7,863
7,635

-9
-9
-7
-4

85
88
88
87

74
75
75
74

443'
435'
431'
430'

WY

Casper
Cheyenne
Lander
Sheridan

7,410
7,381
7,870
7,680

-5
-1
-11
-8

90
86
88
91

61
62
63
65

425'
41T
425'
445'

Nole a. All data was extracted from the 1985 ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals
Volume.
Nole b. Latitude is given to the nearest 10 minutes. For example, the latitude for
Miami, Florida, is given as 255' or 25 degrees 50 minutes.
Nole c. Design data developed from airport temperature observations unless
noted.
Nole d. Design data developed from office locations within an urban area, not
from airport temperature observations.

107

APPENDIX B
REFRIGERANTS AND PIPE EXPANSION

Table 8-1
REFRIGERANTS
Refrigerant a I

Name

IChemical formula

GROUP 1 REFRIGERANTS

R-11
R-12
R-13
R-13B1
R-14
R-21
R-22
R-30
R-113
R-114
R-115
R-C318
R-500

Trichloromonofluoromethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Chlorotrifluoromethane
Bromotrifluoromethane
Tetrafluoromethane
Dichloromonofluoromethane
Chlorodifluoromethane
Dichloromethane
(Methylene chloride)
Trichlorotrifluoroethane
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Ch 10 ropentafl uoroethane
Octafluorocyclobutane
Dichlorodifluoromethane, 73.8%
and Ethylidene fluoride, 26.2%

CP F5
Cls
Azeotrope of
CCll2 and

Chlorodifluoromethane, 48.8%
and Chloropentafluoroethane,
51.2%
Carbon dioxide

Azeotrope of
CHCIF2and
C2CIF5
CO 2

CCll
CCIl2
CCIF3
CF 3Br
CF4
CHCll
CHCIF2
CHP2
C2Cl l

c2Cl l 4

C2 Hl
R-502

R-744

GROUP 2 REFRIGERANTS

R-40
R-611
R-717
R-764

Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)

Methyl formate
Ammonia
Sulphur dioxide

CHP
HCOOCH 3
NH3
S02

GROUP 3 REFRIGERANTS

R-170
R-290
R-600
R-601
R-1150

Ethane
Propane
Butane
Isobutane
Ethylene

Nole a. Numerical refrigerant designation, see ASHRAE 34.

Table 8-2
PIPE EXPANSION
Material
Cast iron
Steel
Copper
ABS
PVC Type I
PVC Type II
Polyethylene
Polybutylene

Coefficient of linear
expansion

Expansion per 100

feet ,1100 degrees F.
(inches)

0.00000595
0.0000065
0.0000095
0.0000560
0.0000280
0.0000555
0.0001000
0.0000710

0.714
0.780
1.140
6.720
3.360
6.600
12.000
8.520

109

INDEX
By section number

A
ABS pipe, M-703.0, M-704.0
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene pipe, M-703.0, M-704.0
Administration and enforcement, Chapter 1
Air
Combustion, Chapter 10
Distribution systems, Chapter 3
Quality, Chapter 17
Supply, M-1604.0
Transfer, M-1604.0
Ventilation, Chapter 16
Alternative material, M-107.4
Aluminum pipe and tubing, M-803.2, M-803.4, M-804.4
Annual inspection, boilers, M-2002.0
Appeal, M-121 .0
Appliances
Approval, M-403.0
Decorative gas, M-1406.0
Efficiency, M-1904.0
Gas accessory, M-1406.0
General, Chapter 4
Hazardous location, M-403.2, M-406.0
Installation, M-40S.0
Outdoors, M-407.0
Applicability of code, M-102.0
Approval, M-107.0
Approval, equipment, M-403.0
Attic ventilation, M-1606.0
Automatic dampers, M-1217.0
Automatic fire suppression, kitchen exhaust, M-SOS.O

B
Band BW type vents, M-1204.0
Barbecue pits, M-140S.0
Bathroom ventilation, M-1603.0, M-1604.0
Blowoff valve, M-608.0
Boilers
Approval, M-403.0
Efficiency, M-1904.0
Gauges, M-610.0
General, Chapter 6
Maintenance, Chapter 20
Rooms, M-40S.0
Brass pipe and tubing, M-703.0, M-S03.0, M-903.0
Brazed joints, M-704.0, M-S04.0, M-904.0, M-1304.3
Burned joints, M-704.10.1

c
Canopy hoods, M-S04.0
Certificate, boilers, M-2002.0
Chilled water piping, Chapter 7
Chimneys and vents
Connectors, M-1216.0
Dampers, M-1217.0
Exhausters, M-121S.0
Factory built, M-1205.0
General, Chapter 12
Incinerator, M-1509.0
Masonry, general, M-1206.0
Masonry, high-heat, M-1209.0
Masonry, medium-heat, M-120S.0
Metal, general, M-121 0.0
Metal, high-heat, M-1213.0
Metal, loW-heat, M-1211.0
Metal, medium-heat, M-1212.0
Multiple connections, M-1214.0

Termination, M-1201.0, M-120S.0, M-1207.0, M-120S.0,

M-1209.0, M-1210.0, M-1211.0, M-1212.0, M-1213.0, M-121S.0
Tests, M-121S.0
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipe, M-703.0, M-704.0
Class T machinery rooms, M-1307.0
Cleaning, kitchen exhaust, M-S09.0
Cleanouts
Masonry chimneys, M-1206.0
Metal chimney, M-1210.0
Clearances
Chimney and vent, Chapter 12
Equipment, M-40S.0
Kitchen exhaust, M-S07.0
Reduction, Chapter 11
Solid fuel-buming appliances, Chapter 14
Clothes dryer exhaust, M-312.0
Coal-burning appliances, Chapter 14
Code official, M-10S.0, M-106.0
Collectors, solar, Chapter is
Combustible liquid storage tank, Chapter 9
Combustibles, reduced clearance, Chapter 11
Combustion air, Chapter 10
Combustion emissions, Chapter 17
Commercial duct (kitchen), M-S06.0
Commercial incinerators, Chapter 15
Commercial kitchen exhaust, Chapter 5
Compressed natural gas, M-S13.0
Condemnation, boiler, M-2003.0
Condensate control, solar, M-1S02.2
Condensation
Ducts, M-307.9
Piping, M-707.9
Connectors, chimney or vent, M-1216.0
Connectors, flexible, M-30S.0
Conservation, energy, Chapter 19
Contaminants, ventilation air, M-1603.0, M-1604.6, M-160S.1
Controls, efficiency, M-190S.0
Controls, gas flow, M-S06.0
Convenience outlet, M-409.0
Cooking appliances, M-S02.0
Cooling water piping, Chapter 7
Copper pipe and tubing, M-703.0, M-704.0, M-S03.0, M-S04.0,
M-903.0, M-904.0, M-1304.0
Corrugated stainless steel tubing, M-S03.0
Covering, duct, M-306.0
CPVC pipe, M-703.0, M-704.0
Crawl space plenums, M-303.0
Crawl space, ventilation, M-1606.0
Crematories, M-1S10.0
Criteria for labeling, M-404.0
Cutoff, low-water, M-607.0

D
Dampers, chimney or vent, M-1217.0
Dampers, fire, M-313.0
Definitions, Chapter 2
Demolition, M-110.0
Design conditions, M-1903.0
Design pressure, gas, M-S05.0
Design pressure, refrigerant, Chapter 13
Detectors, duct, M-309.0
Devices, pressure-limiting, M-1305.0
Domestic cooking appliances, M-502.2
Drain down, M-707.2
Dry cleaning exhaust, M-1605.4.4
Dryer, clothes exhaust, M-312.0
Duct
Construction, M-304.0
Covering, M-306.0
Detectors, M-309.0
Filters, M-310.0
Fire damper, M-313.0
Flexible, M-30S.0

111

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

Hangers and supports, M-307.0

Hazardous exhaust, M-311. 0
Installation, M-307.0
Joints, M-307.0
Kitchen exhaust, M-S06.0
Lining, M-306.0
Systems, Chapter 3
Tape, M-306.0
Underground, M-304.0, M-307.0
Vibration isolation connectors, M-306.0
Ductile iron pipe, M-803.0, M-804.0
Dust exhaust, M-311.0, M-160S.S
Dust stock and refuse conveyor systems, M-31S.0

E
EffiCiency, equipment, M-1904.0
Electric installation, M-409.0
Emergency controls, machinery rooms, M-1307.0
Energy conservation, Chapter 19
Energy-saving devices, M-410.0
Engineered chimney or vent, M-1201.0
Equalizing pipe, steam, M-606.0
Equipment
Approval, M-403.0
Controls, M-190S.0
Efficiency, M-1904.0
Hazardous location, M-403.2, M-406.0, M-1401.2
Installation, M-40S.0
Outdoors, M-407.0
Exhaust
Clothes dryer, M-312.0
Kitchen, M-304.6, Chapter S
Machinery room, M-1307.0, M-1308.0
Mechanical, M-160S.0, Chapter 3, Chapter S
Openings, M-308.0
System, hazardous, M-311.0
Exhauster, M-121S.0
Existing systems, M-l 02.0, M-l03.0
Expansion
Piping, M-703.0
Tanks, M-609.0
Tanks, solar, M-1802.4.4

F
Factory built
Chimneys, M-120S.0
Commercial exhaust hoods, M-S03.0
Ducts (kitchen exhaust), M-S03.0
Fireplaces, M-1403.0
Fans, exhaust, M-311.0, M-31S.0, M-312.0
Filters, M-31 0.0
Filters, grease, M-SOS.O
Fire damper, dynamic, M-313.0
Fire dampers, M-313.0
Fire suppression, kitchen exhaust, M-S08.0
Fireplaces
Factory built, M-1403.0
Masonry, M-1404.0
Firestopping, masonry chimney, M-1206.0
Fittings, pipe, M-703.0, M-803.0, M-903.0, M-1304.0
Flared joints, M-704.0, M-804.0, M-904.0
Flexible connectors, M-703.0, M-803.0, M-903.0
Flexible connectors (duct), M-30S.0
Flexible ducts, M-30S.0
Flow controls, gas, M-806.0
Flue liners, Chapter 12
Fluids, transfer, M-710.0
Fluids, transfer solar, M-1803.0
Foundation, masonry chimney, M-1206.0
Fuel, conversion, M-403.0
Fuel-dispensing systems, M-813.0, M-910.0
Fuel gas piping, Chapter 8

112

Fuel oil
Piping, Chapter 9
Piping installation, Chapter 9
Piping material, Chapter 9
Tests, M-912.0
Valves, M-911.0
Furnace
Approval, M-403.0
Connections, M-307.S
Efficiency, M-1904.0
Installation, Chapter 4
Rooms, M-408.0

G
Gas
Connections, M-812.0
Flow control, M-806.0
Outlets, M-812.0
Pipe sizing, M-80S.0
Piping, Chapter 8
Piping, inside, M-809.0
Piping, outside, M-808.0
Piping, purging, M-816.0
Piping, test, M-81S.0
Piping, tracer, M-807.0
Piping, underground, M-807.0
Valves, M-811.0
Volume, M-80S.0
Gauges, boilers, M-610.0
Grease collection, M-SOS.O
Grease filters, M-SOS.O
Grease-laden vapors, M-S02.0, M-S04.0
Grease removal, M-SOS.O

H
Hammer, water, M-707.7
Hangers, ducts, M-307.0, M-311.0
Hangers, pipe, M-706.0, M-810.0, M-906.0
Hazardous exhaust system, M-311 .0
Hazardous location, equipment, M-403.0, M-1401.0
Hazardous location, installation, M-406.0
Heat fusion joints, M-704.0, M-804.0
Heat pump, efficiency, M-1904.0
High-heat appliance, masonry chimney, M-1209.0
High-heat appliance, metal chimney, M-1213.0
Hood design (kitchen), M-S04.0
Hood exhaust, M-S04.0
Hot water boilers, Chapter 6
Hot water piping, Chapter 7
Humidity, M-1606.0, M-1903.0,
Hydronic piping, Chapter 7

Incinerators, Chapter IS
Industrial incinerators, Chapter IS
Inside air, combustion, Chapter 10
Inside gas piping, M-809.0
Inspection, M-114.0
Inspection, equipment, M-404.0
Installation
Fuel oil piping, M-909.0
Hazardous location, M-406.0, M-1401.0
Hydronic piping, M-707.0
Outdoors, M-407.0
Solar, M-1802.0
Insulation
Duct, M-306.3
Pipe, M-708.0
Intake openings, M-308.0

INDEX

Joints and connections, M-704.0, M-804.0, M-904.0, M-1304.3

JOints, duct, M-307.2

Natural ventilation, M-1603.0

Nonmetallic ducts, M-304.2
Nuisance pollutants, M-1706.0

Kitchen exhaust equipment, Chapter 5

l
Labeling
Appliances, M-403.0
Criteria for, M-404.0
Duct insulation, M-306.3.1
Equipment, M-403.0
Lead pipe, M-703.0
Lighting, M-409.3
Limiting devices, pressure, M-1305.0
Liner, flue
High-heat, M-1209.2
Low-heat, M-1207.5
Medium-heat, M-1208.2
Lining, duct, M-306.0
Low-heat appliance
Factory-built chimney, M-1205.0
Masonry chimney, M-1207.0
Metal chimney, M-1211.0
Low-water cutoff, M-607.0
LP-gas piping, Chapter 8
LP-gas ventilation, M-1603.5

M
Machinery rooms, Class T, M-1307.0
Machinery rooms (General), M-1308.0
Maintenance, M-1 03.0
Maintenance, kitchen exhaust, M-509.0
Makeup air (kitchen exhaust), M-504.0
Makeup air, ventilation, M-1604.1
Makeup water, M-710.0
Manual dampers, M-1217.0
Masonry chimneys
General, M-1206.0
High-heat, M-1209.0
Low-heat, M-1207.0
Medium-heat, M-1208.0
Masonry fireplace, M-1404.0
Material
Fuel oil piping, M-903.0
Piping, fuel gas, M-803.0
Piping, hydronic, M-703.0
Means of appeal, M-121.0
Mechanical equipment, Chapter 4
Mechanical exhaust, M-1605.0
Mechanical inspector (also see Code official) M-105.0
Mechanical joints, M-704.0, M-804.0, M-904.0, M-1304.3
Mechanical official (see Code official)
Mechanical refrigeration, Chapter 13
Mechanical ventilation, M-314.0, M-1604.0
Mechanical ventilation, combustion air, M-1006.0
Medium-heat appliance
Masonry chimney, M-1208.0
Metal chimney, M-1212.0
Metal chimney
General, M-121 0.0
High-heat, M-1213.0
Low-heat, M-1211.0
Medium-heat, M-1212.0
Metallic ducts, M-304.1
Moved structure, M-111.0
Multiple connections, M-1214.0

Odor, M-1605.1
Oil, fuel piping, Chapter 9
Openings
Combustion air, M-1 007.0
Outside, M-308.0
Outdoor air, combustion, M-1004.0
Outdoor installation, M-407.0
Outdoor temperature, design, M-1903.0, Appendix A
Outside air, minimum, M-1604.3
Outside gas piping, M-808.0
Outside openings, M-308.0

p
Particulate matter, air quality, M-1703.0
PB pipe and tubing, M-703.0
Penetrations, M-313.2, M-707.0
Permits, M-108.0, M-109.0, M-112.0, M-113.0
Pipe
Fittings, M-703.0, M-803.0, M-903.0, M-1304.2.1
Hangers, M-706.0, M-810.0, M-906.0
Insulation, M-708.0
Size, gas, M-805.0
.. Valves, M-605.0, M-709.0, M-809.3.1, M-811.0, M-911.0
Piplng
Fuel oil, Chapter 9
Inside gas, M-809.0
Installation, fuel oil, M-906.0
Installation, hydronic, M-707.0
Material, fuel gas, M-803.0
Material, fuel oil, M-903.0
Material, hydronic, M-703.0
Outside gas, M-807.0, M-808.0
Refrigerant, M-1304.0
Underground gas, M-807.0
Plastic pipe, M-703.0, M-803.0
Plenums, M-303.0
Plenums, gas valves, M-809.3.1
Pollution, Chapter 17
Polybutylene pipe and tubing, M-703.0
Polyvinyl chloride pipe, M-703.0
Power exhauster, M-1215.0
Pressure, design gas, M-805.0
Pressure gauge, M-61 0.0
Pressure-limiting devices, M-1305.0
Pressure, refrigerant design, M-1304.0
Pressure regulators, gas, M-806.0
Pressure-relief
Refrigerant, M-1306.0
Solar, M-1802.4.1
Valves, M-605.0
Pressure vessel maintenance, Chapter 20
Pnvate garage, installation, M-406.3.2
Prohibited recirculation, M-1604.3
Projector exhaust, M-1605.4.3
Protective coatings, pipe, M-803.0
Public garage, installation, M-406.3.1
Pumps, fuel oil, M-903.8
Purging, gas piping, M-816.0
PVC pipe, M-703.0

Q
Quantity of refrigerant, M-1303.0
Quick blowoff, M-608.0

113

THE BOCA NATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE/1993

R
Radiant heat, Chapter 7
Range hoods, Chapter S
Range hoods, domestic, Chapter 16
Recirculation, M-1604.0
Reduced, clearance, M-1102.0
Refrigerant, alternative, M-1303.0
Refrigerant piping, M-1304.0
Refrigerant, quantity, M-1303.0
Refrigeration, mechanical, Chapter 13
Registers, M-307.6
Regulators, gas, M-806.0
Relief, pressure, refrigerant, M-1306.0
Relief valves, M-603.0, M-60S.0
Relief valves, fuel oil, M-911.0
Relief valves, solar, M-1802.4.1
Repairs, M-103.0
Return loop, M-606.0
Ringelmann standards, M-1704.0
Room heaters, solid fuel, M-1402.0

s
Safety valves, M-60S.0
Scope of code, M-1 01.0
Screwed joints, M-704.0, M-804.0, M-904.0, M-1304.3
Shaft enclosure, M-S06.4
Sight glass, M-610.0
Sizing, gas pipe, M-80S.0
Smoke control systems, M-314.0
Smoke detectors, M-309.0
Solar, Chapter 18
Solar collectors, M-1804.0
Soldered joints, M-704.0
Solid fuel-burning appliances, Chapter 14
Solvent-cement joint, M-704.0, M-804.0
Spray room exhaust, M-160S.4.2
Standards, referenced, M-1 02.S
Standby gas, M-814.0
Steam
BlowoH, M-608.0
Boiler maintenance, Chapter 20
Boilers, Chapter 6
Equalizing pipe, M-606.0
Gauge, M-61 0.0
Piping, M-707.0
Steel pipe, M-703.0, M-803.0, M-903.0, M-1304.2
Steel tubing, M-703.0, M-803.0, M-903.0
Stop work, M-117.0
Storage, solar, M-1804.0
Strain and stress, M-70S.0
Sulfur dioxide, M-1705.0
Supervision, duct detectors, M-309.0
Supplemental gas, M-814.0
Supports, M-706.0, M-810.0, M-906.0
Supports, duct, M-307.3
Suppression
Boiler and furnace rooms, M-408.1
Hazardous exhaust, M-311.4
Kitchen exhaust, M-SOB.O
Systems control, M-309.0

T
Tanks, expansion, M-609.0
Tanks, flammable and combustible liquids, Chapter 9
Tape, duct, M-306.0
Temperature design conditions, M-1903.0
Temperature gauge, M-610.0
Temperature relief, solar, M-1802.4.1
Tempered air, ventilation, M-1604.4
Termination, chimney and vent, Chapter 12
Termination, kitchen exhaust, M-S06.0

114

Testing equipment, M-404.0

Tests
Annual boiler, M-2002.0
Chimneys or vents, M-1218.0
Flammable and combustible liquid systems, M-912.0
Gas piping, M-81S.0
Hydronic piping, M-711.0
Kitchen exhaust, M-S09.0
Refrigeration system, M-1309.0
Thermal storage, solar, M-1804.0
Thermostat, M-190S.0
Threaded joints, M-704.0, M-804.0, M-904.0, M-1304.3
Toilet room, ventilation, M-1603,0, M-1604.0
Transfer fluid
Hydronic piping, M-710.0
Solar, M-1803.0
Type B vents, M-1204.0

u
Underfloor plenums, M-303.0
Underground, duct, M-307.4
Underground gas piping, M-807.0
Underground storage tanks, Chapter 9
Unsafe conditions, M-119.0
Unvented appliances, M-1203.2

v
Validity of code, M-104.0
Valves
Boilers, M-60S.0
Fuel oil, M-911.0
Gas, M-809.3.1, M-B11.0
Hydronic, M-709.0
Piping, M-703.0, M-1304.2.1
Safety and relief, M-60S.0
Ventilation
Air, Chapter 16
Combustion air, M-1006.0
Mechanical, M-1604.0
Natural, M-1603.0
Rates, M-1604.3
Uninhabited spaces, M-1606.0
Vents
Connectors, M-1216.0
Definition, M-202.0
General, Chapter 12
Termination, M-1201.0
Test, M-1218.0
Vibration control devices, M-703.0
Vibration isolation connectors, M-306.0
Violations, M-116.0

w
Water cutoH, M-607.0
Water hammer, M-707.7
Water heaters, Chapter 6
Water piping, Chapter 7
Welded joints, M-704.0, M-804.0, M-904.0, M-1304.3
Window ventilation, M-1603.0
Wiped joints, M-704.0
Wiring in plenums, M-303.0
Wood-burning appliances, Chapter 14
Workmanship, M-11S.0

flAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID STORAGE AND PIPING SYSTEMS

tested to a minimum of 3 psi (21 kPa) and a maximum of 5 psi

(34 kPa). The tank shall maintain the test pressure without the
addition of air or other test gas for a minimum of 60 minutes.
M-912.3 Test gauge: The pressure gauge utilized to measure the
test pressure shall have a maximum reading of 15 psi (103 kPa)
and have a minimum gauge diameter of 3 inches (76 mm). Where
the test pressure exceeds 5 psi (34 kPa), the pressure gauge shall
have a maximum reading of three times the test pressure.