Yield Assessment of The Photovoltaic Power Plant: 1. Site Info 2. PV System Info

YIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT
Report number: PV-0-1611-0

Issued: 10 November 2016 07:41 (UTC)
1. Site info
2. PV system info
Site name:
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Coordinates:
Elevation a.s.l.:
Slope inclination:
Slope azimuth:
24 58' 18.41" N, 46 41' 30.12" E

626 m
1
228 southwest
Annual global in-plane irradiation: 2406 kWh/m2

Annual air temperature at 2 m: 24.3 C
Installed power:
Type of modules:
Mounting system:
Azimuth/inclination:
Inverter Euro eff.:
DC / AC losses:
Availability:
1.0 kWp
crystalline silicon (c-Si)
fixed mounting, free standing
180 (south) / 30
97.5%
5.5% / 1.5%
99.0%
Annual average electricity production:

Average performance ratio: 75.3%
1816 kWh
Location on the map: http://solargis.info/imaps/#tl=Google:satellite&loc=24.971781,46.691701&z=12
3. Geographic position
Google Maps 2016 Google
4. Terrain horizon and day length
Left:
Path of the Sun over a year. Terrain horizon (drawn by grey filling) and module horizon (blue filling) may have
shading effect on solar radiation. Black dots show True Solar Time. Blue labels show Local Clock Time.
Right:
Change of the day length and solar zenith angle during a year. The local day length (time when the Sun is above the
horizon) is shorter compared to the astronomical day length, if obstructed by higher terrain horizon.
2016 Solargis
page 1 of 4
Site: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, lat/lon: 24.9718/46.6917

PV system: 1.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed free, azim. 180 (south), inclination 30
5. Global horizontal irradiation and air temperature - climate reference

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Ghm
Ghd
Dhd
T24
131
145
188
191
223
237
241
229
208
186
134
126
2241
4.22
5.19
6.07
6.37
7.21
7.91
7.78
7.39
6.93
6.01
4.48
4.05
6.14
1.44
1.84
2.30
2.81
3.07
2.96
2.87
2.68
2.20
1.63
1.47
1.30
2.22
12.4
15.2
19.6
25.5
30.7
32.9
33.8
33.5
29.8
24.7
18.8
14.2
24.3
Long-term monthly averages:

Ghm
Ghd
Dhd
T24
Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily (diurnal) air temperature [C]
6. Global in-plane irradiation

Fixed surface, azimuth 180 (south), inclination. 30
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Gim
Gid
Did
Rid
Shloss
181
182
209
189
201
204
212
218
221
228
181
181
2406
5.85
6.51
6.72
6.29
6.50
6.80
6.83
7.02
7.37
7.34
6.04
5.83
6.59
1.73
2.11
2.44
2.76
2.85
2.69
2.64
2.59
2.31
1.89
1.75
1.60
2.28
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2

Gim
Gid
Did
Rid
Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily sum of reflected irradiation [kWh/m2]
Shloss
Losses of global irradiation by terrain shading [%]
Average yearly sum of global irradiation for different types of surface:
Horizontal
Optimally inclined (25)
2-axis tracking
Your option
2016 Solargis
kWh/m2
2241
2417
3165
2406
relative to optimally inclined

92.7%
100.0%
130.9%
99.5%
page 2 of 4

7. PV electricity production in the start-up
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Esm
Esd
Etm
Eshare
PR
147
145
162
142
147
147
152
156
160
170
142
146
1816
4.75
5.18
5.21
4.73
4.75
4.89
4.89
5.02
5.35
5.49
4.73
4.72
4.97
147
145
162
142
147
147
152
156
160
170
142
146
1816
8.1
8.0
8.9
7.8
8.1
8.1
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.4
7.8
8.1
100.0
81.2
79.3
77.4
75.1
73.0
71.8
71.5
71.4
72.5
74.7
78.0
80.6
75.3

Esm
Esd
Etm
Monthly sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp]

Daily sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp]
Monthly sum of total electricity prod. [kWh]
Eshare
PR
Percentual share of monthly electricity prod. [%]

Performance ratio [%]
8. System losses and performance ratio
Energy conversion step
Energy output
Energy loss
Energy loss
[kWh/kWp]
[kWh/kWp]
[%]
[partial %]
Performance ratio
[cumul. %]
1. Global in-plane irradiation (input)
2411
100.0
100.0
2. Global irradiation reduced by terrain shading
2406
-5
-0.2
99.8
99.8
3. Global irradiation reduced by reflectivity
2344
-62
-2.6
97.4
97.2
4. Conversion to DC in the modules
2021
-323
-13.8
86.2
83.8
5. Other DC losses
1910
-111
-5.5
94.5
79.2
6. Inverters (DC/AC conversion)
1862
-48
-2.5
97.5
77.2
7. Transformer and AC cabling losses
1834
-28
-1.5
98.5
76.1
8. Reduced availability
1816
-18
-1.0
99.0
75.3
1816
-595
-24.7
75.3
Total system performance
Energy conversion steps and losses:

1. Initial production at Standard Test Conditions (STC) is assumed,
2. Reduction of global in-plane irradiation due to obstruction of terrain horizon and PV modules,
3. Proportion of global irradiation that is reflected by surface of PV modules (typically glass),
4. Losses in PV modules due to conversion of solar radiation to DC electricity; deviation of module efficiency from STC,
5. DC losses: this step assumes integrated effect of mismatch between PV modules, heat losses in interconnections and cables, losses
due to dirt, snow, icing and soiling, and self-shading of PV modules,
6. This step considers euro efficiency to approximate average losses in the inverter,
7. Losses in AC section and transformer (where applicable) depend on the system architecture,
8. Availability parameter assumes losses due to downtime caused by maintenance or failures.
Losses at steps 2 to 4 are numerically modeled by pvPlanner. Losses at steps 5 to 8 are to be assessed by auser. The simulation
models have inherent uncertainties that are not discussed in this report. Read more about simulation methods and related uncertainties
to evaluate possible risks at http://solargis.com/products/pvplanner/.
2016 Solargis
page 3 of 4

9. Solargis v21a - description of the database

Solargis is high-resolution climate database operated by Solargis s.r.o. Primary data layers include solar radiation, air temperature and
terrain (elevation, horizon).
Air temperature at 2 m: developed from the CFSR data ( NOAA NCEP, USA); years: 1994 - 2011; recalculated to 15-minute values.
The data are spatially enhanced to 1 km resolution to reflect variability induced by high resolution terrain.
Solar radiation: calculated from the satellite and atmospheric data:
- Meteosat PRIME satellite ( EUMETSAT, Germany) 1994 - 2015, 15-minute or 30-minute values for Europe, Africa and Middle East,
- Meteosat IODC satellite ( EUMETSAT, Germany) 1999 - 2015, 30-minute values for Asia,
- GOES EAST satellite ( NOAA, USA) 1999 - 2015, 30-minute values for Americas,
- GOES WEST satellite ( NOAA, USA) 1999 - 2015, 30-minute values for North America and Pacific,
- MTSAT satellite ( JMA, Japan) 2007 - 2015, 30-minute values for Pacific,
- MACC-II/CAMS ( ECMWF, UK) 2003 - 2015, atmospheric data,
- GFS, CFSR ( NOAA, USA), 1994 - 2015, atmospheric data,
- MERRA-2 ( NASA, USA), 1994 - 2002, atmospheric data.
This estimation assumes year having 365 days. Occasional deviations in calculations may occur as a result of mathematical rounding
and cannot be considered as a defect of algorithms. More information about the applied data, algorithms and uncertainty can be found
at: http://solargis.com/products/pvplanner/.
10. Service provider

Solargis s.r.o. , Milana Mareka 3, 84108 Bratislava, Slovakia; Registration ID: 45 354 766, VAT Number: SK2022962766; Registration:
Business register, District Court Bratislava I, Section Sro, File 62765/B
11. Mode of use

This report shows solar power estimation in the start-up phase of a PV system. The estimates are accurate enough for small and
medium-size PV systems. For suntracking simulations, only theoretical options are shown without considering backtracking and shading.
For large projects planning and financing, more information is needed:
1. Statistical distribution and uncertainty of solar radiation
2. Detailed specification of a PV system
3. Interannual variability and P90 uncertainty of PV production
4. Lifetime energy production considering performance degradation of PV components.
More information about full PV yield assessment can be found at: http://solargis.com/products/pv-yield-assessment-study/.
12. Disclaimer and legal information

Considering the nature of climate fluctuations, interannual and long-term changes, as well as the uncertainty of measurements and
calculations, Solargis s.r.o. cannot take full guarantee of the accuracy of estimates. The maximum possible has been done for the
assessment of climate conditions based on the best available data, software and knowledge. Solargis s.r.o. shall not be liable for any
direct, incidental, consequential, indirect or punitive damages arising or alleged to have arisen out of use of the provided report.
This report is copyright to 2016 Solargis s.r.o., all rights reserved.
Solargis is a trade mark of Solargis s.r.o.
13. Contact information

This report has been generated for .
This document is electronically signed by Solargis s.r.o..
2016 Solargis
page 4 of 4

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YIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT

Report number: PV-0-1611-0

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

24 58' 18.41" N, 46 41' 30.12" E

Annual global in-plane irradiation: 2406 kWh/m2

Annual average electricity production:

Location on the map: http://solargis.info/imaps/#tl=Google:satellite&loc=24.971781,46.691701&z=12

Google Maps 2016 Google

4. Terrain horizon and day length

Site: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, lat/lon: 24.9718/46.6917

5. Global horizontal irradiation and air temperature - climate reference

Long-term monthly averages:

Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

6. Global in-plane irradiation

Long-term monthly averages:

Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

Losses of global irradiation by terrain shading [%]

Average yearly sum of global irradiation for different types of surface:

Report number: PV-0-1611-0

relative to optimally inclined

Issued: 10 November 2016 07:41 (UTC)

Site: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, lat/lon: 24.9718/46.6917

7. PV electricity production in the start-up

Long-term monthly averages:

Monthly sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp]

Percentual share of monthly electricity prod. [%]

8. System losses and performance ratio

Energy conversion step

1. Global in-plane irradiation (input)

2. Global irradiation reduced by terrain shading

3. Global irradiation reduced by reflectivity

4. Conversion to DC in the modules

6. Inverters (DC/AC conversion)

7. Transformer and AC cabling losses

Total system performance

Energy conversion steps and losses:

Report number: PV-0-1611-0

Issued: 10 November 2016 07:41 (UTC)

Site: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, lat/lon: 24.9718/46.6917

9. Solargis v21a - description of the database

10. Service provider

11. Mode of use

12. Disclaimer and legal information

13. Contact information

Report number: PV-0-1611-0

Issued: 10 November 2016 07:41 (UTC)

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