Zone Defenses

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

By Coach Patrick Anderson
WWW.BASKETBALLPRACTICEPLAN.COM
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CONTENTS
Zone Defense ............................................................................................. 4
Defending Your Side of the Ball ..................................................................................... 4
1-3-1 Zone Defense (Corner Trap) ................................................................................. 4
The Set Up ..................................................................................................................... 5
Keys to Success ............................................................................................................ 6
The Basic 1-2-2 Zone Defense ...................................................................................... 6
The Set Up ..................................................................................................................... 7
Basic 2-3 Zone Defense ................................................................................................. 8
The Set Up ..................................................................................................................... 9
Keys to the 2-3 Defense .............................................................................................. 10
The Basic 2-2-1 Zone Defense .................................................................................... 10
The Set Up ................................................................................................................... 11
The Basic 2-1-2 Zone Defense (Box with a Man in the Middle) .................................. 13
The Set Up ................................................................................................................... 13
Recommended Resources ...................................................................... 16

The Coaching Essentials: ............................................................................................ 16
Coach Pat Andersons Online Clinics: ......................................................................... 17
More Online Clinics from Americas Top Coaches: ..................................................... 18
Masters Level Coaching: ............................................................................................. 19
Basketball Training Aids for Players: ........................................................................... 20
Zone Defense
Defending Your Side of the Ball
Aside from a standard man-to-man defense,
many teams run zone defenses. The difference
between the two (and it should be emphasized
to players) is one guards a man, the other
guards an area of the court. Too often inexperienced players dont understand they are protecting an area rather than the man, and get
burned by the opposing offense.
In this section, we are going to go over several
different zones defenses and some of the trapping plays that go along with them. Well take a
look at:
The 1-3-1 Zone with a corner trap
The 1-2-2 Basic zone defense
The 2-3 Zone defense with corner trap
The 2-2-1 Zone defense with post trap
The 2-1-2 Zone (box with man in middle
Each of these defenses is still in use today,
most with minor modifications, but many in their
pure form. They are effective when executed
properly, and can cause your opponents a great
deal of trouble on the offensive side of the ball.
Finally, with any zone defense there are keys to
being successful. Here are some of the things
you need to emphasize to your players when
playing a zone defense:
Keep your hands up and moving at all
times. If your players have their hands to
their sides the passing and cutting lanes
seem much wider and available to the
other team. By simply having a hand or
an arm in one of these lanes you can
force the pass elsewhere.
The purpose of a zone defense (in most

cases) is to keep the offense on the outside to take longer and lower percentage
shots. The tougher it is to penetrate the
interior of your defense, the greater success you will have.
Constant communication is important
so your players do not get caught sleeping. They need to call out screens and
players cutting through the zone so everyone on the offense can be accounted
for.
Do not play the man unless they are in
your respective zone. This can unnecessarily stretch the zone and create
passing and driving lanes for the opposition. Stay disciplined.
1-3-1 Zone Defense (Corner Trap)

This zone defense is a slight variation from the
standard 1 3 1 defense, in that I have included a trap in the corner. The idea behind
this defense is to clog up the middle, and keep
the offense on the perimeter. Part of the beauty
behind this defense is that you should be able
to spring the trap on your opponent by surprise.
Another benefit of using this defense is that you
can switch back on forth between a trapping
and non-trapping style, when it suits your
needs. You can simply back off the trap, and go
to a collapsing, help-style of zone defense.
This defense has been around since the beginning of time. It utilizes a quick middle section
(3) with a big person down near the basket.
The 1 Man (Top)
The job of this player (usually your point guard
or shooting guard) is to put pressure on the opposing player who is bringing the ball up the

court. The pressure should force the ball carrier

to pass to the side. This is the first thing you
want the 1 man to do.
a relatively benign position on the court, to then

cover the baseline.
4 man
They should also follow the ball around the perimeter, to the foul line extended. By this time,
the opposition guard should have passed the
ball. Once the ball has been passed, the other
players will go into action, and the role of the 1
man is changed from pursuit to lane coverage
(as you will see in the diagrams on the following
page).
2 and 3 man
These defenders will help to force the ball carrier (after the ball has been passed) into the
corner where the trap will be sprung. They
need to be quick and agile to get to the corner
without getting beaten, but big enough to defend if the ball goes quickly down to the low
post.
As you will see in the diagrams below, the 4

man patrols the baseline and the paint right
near the basket. This player is your last line of
defense, and they should be a good shot
blocker and shut down defender if the opposition finds any room in the paint.
The Set Up
Suffice to say, the players are set in a 1, then 3,
then 1 format. The top player will be the 1 man.
Across the foul line extended will be the 2 man
(left), 5 man (center) and the 3 man (right). The
4 man is down low just in front of the hoop.
See the following diagram:
Between the 2, 3 and 5 men, their positioning

resembles that of a sliding teeter- totter (as you
will see in the following diagrams). As one side
slides down to the corner, the other side comes
to the top of the key until the trap is set then
the 3 man will play the long pass across the
court.
5 man
This player starts at the top of the key, and
shadows where the 1 man is going while pressuring the opposing ball carrier. Once the ball is
passed down to the corner this is the player that
sets the baseline side of the trap.
The 5 man needs to be one of the quickest
players on the court, as they have a lot of
ground to cover if the ball gets swung around
and they are needed to set the trap on the other
side. Further, they need to be able to literally
spring the trap on the opposition, coming from
Above is the basic alignment for any 1 3 1

zone defense. There may be slight alterations a
coach may make during a game, or in the

scouting process, but for the purpose of this

exercise, the above diagram is the base.
From here, the defense simply shifts to where
the ball goes as do most zone defenses.
If the ball goes to the other side of the court,

then the defense is a mirror image of the one
you see here.
Keys to Success
All players should have their arms

extended to cover the lanes
The defense must react quickly in

order for the trap to be set
Players 1, 4 and 3 need to be prepared

to rebound hard in the paint. They are
the only defenders available to cover
the boards.
The Basic 1-2-2 Zone Defense
When the ball is at the top of the key, the zone

defense simply shifts with the flow of the ball.
But, when the ball is passed down to the side,
the defense shifts into the trap.
If the ball is passed down to the bottom
left, then the 5 man immediately takes
the baseline to set the trap. This is the
most crucial aspect of this defense, and
why the 5 man must be quick on the ball.
The 1 man drops back to cover the
pass back to the top of the key.
The 4 man comes outside the key to
the side of the pass.
The 3 man drops to the far side of the
key to cover any pass that comes across.
Once the trap is set, the idea of this defense is
to force a bad pass to one of the lanes covered
by your 3, 4 and 1 men.
This is a very common defense, still used by

many high school and college basketball teams.
It is considered one of the hardest defenses to
attack when it is executed properly. This is one
of the truest of the zones defenses, with a
player owning a certain section of the
defensive court.
The key to this defense is making sure the
players understand the zone they are supposed
to cover. If the discipline of the team to cover
their zone fails, then the zone itself will fail. The
basic idea behind this defense is to meet the
ball carrier at the perimeter, and then clog the
passing lanes and cover the defenders that can
immediately threaten on offense.
1 man
The one man is going to be the key to forcing
the pass one way or another. But, this position
does not want to pressure the ball carrier too far
past the three-point line. This can extend the
zone too far and create an opening in the

middle.
The 1 2 2 is a very simple defensive set up,

with a top man and two layers of two men each.
See the diagram below:
This player need to be quick and alert, as many

of the passes that try to break up this zone
coverage will go through the middle.
2 and 3 man
These players cover the largest area, being
forced to play outside the three-point line, all of
the way back to the basket. These players are
essential to the proper protection of the zone
defense, as they help defender the perimeter,
but then fall back to the basket to prevent any
passes down the center lane.
The 2 and 3 man need to be very agile, but also
big enough to defend down low when called
upon. They will be called upon to rebound on
many occasions, so crashing the boards should
not be foreign to them.
4 and 5 man
These two men patrol the lower area of the
defensive court. They do cover a great area,
because they are also required to cover from
the perimeter to the basket, like the 2 and 3
man. The coverage schemes between the two
different levels of the zone are different,
however.
It is good to have two players who can rebound
well, but still have the quickness to cover the
perimeter. This is a similar responsibility to the
2 and 3 man. The major difference between the
two positions is that the 4 and 5 man move
mainly backward and forward, while the 2 and 3
men must move back and forth, and also
laterally.
The Set Up
At first glance, you would think this zone

defense is soft in the middle. This isnt the
case. If the zone is run properly, the middle will
be covered quite well, and is relatively
impenetrable. Here are a few things you need
to remember when running this zone defense:
The 4 and 5 man overlap their coverage
across to each others side of the key.
As you will see in further diagrams, they
will help each other patrol the middle so
no one can make it through.
The hands must be kept up at all times.
To demonstrate the importance of this,
have your players keep their hands at
their sides. Show your defenders that
they leave gaping passing lanes in the
defense when their hands are down.
With the hands up and moving, the

offense will see the lanes fill up with

hands and bodies, providing an illusion of
impassability.
The players have to understand that
their zone is their priority. I will show in
the next diagram where each person
needs to cover when a pass or dribble
goes in a certain direction.
In any zone, calling out cutters and
shots is important so the defense can
react to what is going on around them.
cover rebounds on the long distance

shot.
The 3 man picks up where the 1 mans
zone ends, and follows the pass or
dribble to the end of their zone down to
where number 5 picks up the man or the
pass.
The 4 man comes across to cover
where the 5 man has left to cover the
perimeter. This is important because an
offense might try to put a man down low
to counteract the 5 man leaving the key
area.
The 5 man picks up the man or the
pass where the 3 man has come to the
end of his or her zone.
Once the ball gets down to the post, the
3 man is going to retreat back up to the
corner of the foul line to cover the lane
back to the top of the key.
This is a basic zone defense that every team
should learn. It is a great switch from a man-toman defense, especially when you are getting
beaten by a team shooting from the perimeter.
Basic 2-3 Zone Defense
After the first pass (or dribble), the following will

take place:
The 1 man will follow the dribbler (or the
pass) to the outside of his or her own
zone. Then, they will drop back to cover
the center of the key to prevent any cross
passes.
The 2 man drops underneath the hoop
to intercept any cross passes and to
This is another trapping zone defense, but it almost has a man-to-man element to it. The
players in this zone defense have to be able to
anticipate where the pass is going to go, and
react quickly. The key to this defense is to force
a lob pass across the court, that can easily be
picked off by one of the off-side defenders.
Passing lanes should be cluttered with waving
and outstretched arms, as they would be in
most zone defenses.
One important thing this zone defense needs to
remember is anyone under the basket must be
covered. Very similar to a man-to-man defense.
That is one strength of this defense covering
the lower post area.

1 and 2 man
The 1 and 2 men must be aggressive, forcing
the top man to pass the ball down to the sides.
The pressure they put on the opposition point
guard will dictate which side the offense passes
or dribbles the ball and ultimately where the
trap gets set.
The 5 man has to be a good rebounder, because they might often be the only ones collapsing down to crash the boards.
The Set Up
These players dont need to be the biggest

players on the court, but they do need to be
quick, aggressive and be able to play a man-toman style of defense. They will essentially
watch every move made by the players that are
at the top of the key.
The 1 and 2 men will be the ones who set the
trap when the ball is pressured down low.
3 and 4 man
These two baseline defenders set the other half
of the trap down low. They need to be quick and
smart, as they have to be in the first ones to get
to the player down on the low post. They also
need to be big enough to cover the low post
area.
The 3 and 4 men are also the main interceptors
of the long pass. They need to anticipate the
pass going back to the top of the three-point
line, or back door across the key, underneath
the hoop.
5 man
The 5 man handles business inside the paint.
Anyone who threatens to go down low should
have the 5 man pasted to them. They float all
around the key with the flow of the play. If the
ball is high along the perimeter, the 5 man goes
covers the high key area. Once the ball goes
low, the 5 man covers any passing lane involving players cutting through the key.
This defense is all about shifting with the passing or dribbling of the ball. Once the ball gets to
the low post the trap is set and the other players
fill the passing lanes.
The 1 and 2 men try to dictate where the ball is
passed or dribbled. They can put pressure on
the opposing point guard to get them to pass
the ball to where they want in order to set up the
trap.
As you will see in the following diagram, your
players will do the following:
Get in between the ball and their man
Move as a unit
Flow toward the ball, not leaving any

passing lanes
10
key. They will be the first to cover passing lanes in the middle, and up towards
the key.
If the ball goes to the other side, you can mirror
the diagram from above.
Keys to the 2-3 Defense
Keep your hands up and moving

around
Anticipate the passes
Make sure you are quick to set the

trap and that the lanes are covered.
You can get burned by being beat in
the key
The Basic 2-2-1 Zone Defense
Here is how the 2-3 zone defense works:

You will see at the top that the 1 man
provides the initial pressure on the ball
carrier. The intent is to force the pass to
one side or the other, and to get the ball
down to the person at the low post.
The 2 man helps to provide pressure
and continue to force the pass or dribble
down to the baseline. Once the ball is
down to the baseline, they provide the
top side of the trap.
In this diagram, the 3 man covers the
lob pass. The 3 man is the interceptor if
the ball goes to this side of the court.
They need to anticipate the pass either
going down low, or back to the top of the
key.
The 4 man sets the baseline side of the
screen simple enough.
The 5 man will cover the area underneath the hoop up to the middle of the
Another in a long line of zone defenses, the 2

2 1 zone is also a trapping defense, but it is a
little more specialized in that it works for teams
that are small but quick. It is best at preventing
baskets scored down at the low post, but it can
be weak against long distance shooting.
The top players must work together to force the
ball in the direction they want. As in other zone
defenses, it is important that the passing lanes
are filled. But, the greatest strength is putting
pressure on the men down low who try to post
up on you.
The idea of this defense is to try and either
prevent the pass to the post, or to allow it and
then trap and fill the passing lanes. Switching
between the two might be an advantage to your
team.
One other note: because this defense has two
men at the top of the key, it can be an excellent
defense from which to run the fast break.

11
1 and 2 man
The 1 and 2 man are going to be your point and
shooting guard, and they are going to determine
the side the ball is taken, and where the offense
runs its plays. They are going to be the set up
men to put the trap in place.
The one thing these players need to be aware
of is the potential for the fast break. Once the
ball is rebounded the two players can work a
great breakout if they opportunity arises.
3 and 4 man
The 3 and 4 men patrol the middle of the key
area, and they are the ones who play the middle
passing lanes, and they help to set the trap.
These players are likely your forwards on
offense they do need to be a little bigger than
the players who are up top, mainly because
they are helping to set the traps.
5 man
This defense is perfect for a big man who is just
there to prevent baskets and crash the boards.
They dont have to move much, but they need
to be aware of where the other players are on
the court, so they can set the trap down low.
It is a great trait for this person to be able to
read and react to the game when they grab a
rebound. If they can quickly identify their
players breaking down the court, they might be
able to spring a great fast break opportunity.
The Set Up
The 1 and 2 men need to be responsible for the

following:
Pressuring the point of attack.
Forcing the ball down to the post
Sagging and then reacting if the ball
gets kicked out to the perimeter again.
Fill potential passing lanes after trap
The 3 and 4 men are responsible for the
following:
Put pressure on the perimeter man that
goes down low
Applies the top park of the screen
The one opposite the trap side fills a
passing lane
The 5 man is responsible for the following:
Setting the trap
Rebounding
Starting the fast break
Watching the backside pass
12
Figure 1
The 1 man pressures the ball handler
and forces them to dribble or pass down
to the defenses right. He or she follows
the ball down halfway and then retreats
to the right side of the foul line
The 2 man shadows what the 1 man
does, until the trap is set. Then they
retreat back to the middle of the foul line
circle. Both players are there to either
wait for the fast break, or to intercept
passes back out to the perimeter.
The 3 man picks up where the 1 man
leaves off, and then follows the pass or
dribble down to the corner. Once the
pass is made to the low post, the 3 man
sets one half of the trap. If the ball is
swung out to the corner again, the 3 man
follows the pass.
Figure 2
The 4 man watches the cross-court

pass to start, and then covers
underneath the hoop when the 5 man
goes to set the trap. Should be ready to
box out and rebound the ball.
The 5 man protects the hoop, and when
the ball gets down to the low post, he or
she takes the baseline away and waits
for the 3 man to set the top side of the
trap.
This can be a very effective defense against a
team that works the ball a lot to
the low post. Once you show them you are
going to trap, it might force them into
longer-range shots.
The defense works the following way: (pass

indicated by a dotted line)
The Basic 2-1-2 Zone Defense (Box

with a Man in the Middle)
This is the final zone defense that we will go
over in this guide. It is one of the most
commonly used zone defenses especially
when a team has smallish forwards and one
very large person who covers the middle.
The reason this defense (or variations of it) is
used is because it has several strengths.
These strengths include:
Strong in the rebounding triangle
Excellent underneath in preventing low
post moves
The strong rebounding presence allows
for one player to immediately break down
the court for the fast break.
This defense is a little vulnerable against
baseline jumpers, and if the ball is shifted down
low, this opens up the top of the key.
Appropriately executed, this zone defense can
cause your opponents a great deal of
headaches.
13
The 3 and 4 men in this defense differ from

many of the other zone defenses. You need
very strong rebounders at this position, and they
also have to be able to move well around the
floor. They too have a lot of area to cover, and
they need to provide assistance to the 5 man
when he or she is outnumbered.
Strong players at these positions are crucial to
the success of this defense.
5 man
This is a position that requires the tallest player
with the widest wingspan on the team. They
are your primary defender and rebounder when
the ball goes down low. The best way to
describe the action of the 5 man is a circular
motion that follows the direction of the pass.
The Set Up
1 and 2 man
If you have two tenacious defensive guards, this
might be the defense for you. Working together,
these two players are responsible for protecting
the perimeter from long distance shots. If they
are caught out too far without help from the 5
man, they can make the defense vulnerable to
the center lane pass.
These players need to be quick in order to
cover the large area around half of the
perimeter. They also need to be able to make
the burst long distance for the fast break.
3 and 4 man
This defense look like the number five on dice,

with the 5 man in the middle. One of the first

lessons that you can teach your players with

this defense is that you need to help one
another in order to be successful. Aside from
calling out screens and players cutting through
the key, your players should be collapsing in the
driving lanes to create a mini trap for any player
trying to drive the ball to the hoop.
14
The 2 man covers the pass back to the

top of the court, but then they follow the
first pass, shadowing the one man.
Once it goes down to the low perimeter,
they drop back to the middle of the circle
at the foul line.
Here are a few of the responsibilities of each

player:
The 1 and 2 man need to protect the
perimeter. They are the first line of
defense in this zone, and once they are
beaten it leave the triangle of remaining
players one their own. Tough,
aggressive defense up top is crucial.
The 3 and 4 man have to be ready to
crash the boards hard. There are going
to be a lot of medium to long-range shots
resulting from this defense and the
rebounds will be plenty.
The 5 man needs to make sure nothing
goes through the middle without being
checked. If something gets by them,
then it is usually an easy two points.
This player needs to have his or her
head on a swivel to keep on top of the
action.
Heres how this defense works:
The 1 man pressures the ball carrier
and follows them anywhere around the
perimeter (on their half of the court).
Once the ball has been passed they
follow the pass until it goes down to the
lower perimeter area. After that, the 1
man either retreats back close to the foul
line, or waits to intercept a pass back
around the perimeter.
The 3 man (in this set up) simply

protects the backside of the defense.
They need to be very aware of crosscourt passes that can leave the defense
vulnerable.
The 4 man meets the 1 man halfway
up the key, but not too far to leave a low
post person wide open underneath the
hoop, or on the perimeter alone. They
then shift down to the baseline to cover
the shot or the drive, with help from the 5
man.
The 5 man, as I mentioned earlier,
looks like they float around in a circle.
They will follow the ball and be the back
up man should anyone try to cut across

15
the middle. The need to be ready to

pounce on rebounds and make outlet
passes for the fast break.
The final thing this defense needs to be careful
of is the cross-court pass. If a team goes from
one side of the baseline to another, your
defense could be stretched. Unless they can
recover quickly, it could pose a problem.
16
Recommended Resources
The Coaching Essentials:
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Basketball Video Tutorials- Are you a more advanced coach looking to get an edge over your
competition? My "Basketball Video Tutorials" gives you unrestricted access to my own personal
playbook and basketball coaching system. Reveals my top coaching techniques and tactics, including half-court offensive sets, inbounds plays, full court pressure, and the simple secret to
breaking a zone defense. ($67.77)
http://www.basketballtutorials.com/
Basketball Blueprint Software - Designing your own animated plays and drills can be as easy as
1-2-3. Basketball Blueprint software allows you to create stunningly effective animated drills and
plays and share them with your team in 3 super easy steps. ($197)
http://www.basketballblueprint.com/
17
Coach Pat Andersons Online Clinics:

Motion Offense Clinic - This is the definitive guide to running a powerful high-scoring motion offense. Create a well-oiled offensive machine that runs circles around the competition and racks
up huge margins of victory...while only spending a few minutes on a couple well-placed drills in
your next practice. ($29.95)
http://www.basketballblueprint.com/motion-offense-clinic.html
Zone Defense Clinic - Tap into the secrets to running a strangulating Zone Defense that will shut
down the passing lanes, cut off penetration, clog up the paint, and force ANY team in your league
to chuck up ill-advised Hail Mary's from 25 feet away...while YOUR supremely coached squad
gobbles up defensive rebound after defensive rebound. ($29.95)
http://www.basketballblueprint.com/zone-clinic.html
Fast Break Clinic - Discover how easy it is to transform you squad into a fast-break powerhouse
in just 1 practice. Even if your team is slow-footed (and spends more time in the pizza parlor
than the weight room) you can run a potent transition game if you follow a few simple rules.
($29.95)
http://www.basketballblueprint.com/fast-break-video-clinic.html
Full Court Pressure Defense Clinic - How to blitz your opponents with an onslaught of full court
pressure that forces turnovers and gets you tons of easy baskets. Even if you've never pressed
before, you can discover the secrets that top youth basketball coaches use to bully their competition into vulnerable back-court positions, then steal the ball away from them...scoring layup after
uncontested layup! ($29.95)
http://www.basketballblueprint.com/press-clinic.html
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Shooting Clinic - The fastest route to developing a team chock full of buttery-smooth, high percentage, "sweet-stroking" jumpshooters. There are 2 key factors that separate great shooters
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BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

Recommended Resources ...................................................................... 16

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

The purpose of a zone defense (in most

1-3-1 Zone Defense (Corner Trap)

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

court. The pressure should force the ball carrier

a relatively benign position on the court, to then

As you will see in the diagrams below, the 4

Between the 2, 3 and 5 men, their positioning

Above is the basic alignment for any 1 3 1

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

scouting process, but for the purpose of this

If the ball goes to the other side of the court,

All players should have their arms

The defense must react quickly in

Players 1, 4 and 3 need to be prepared

The Basic 1-2-2 Zone Defense

When the ball is at the top of the key, the zone

This is a very common defense, still used by

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

zone too far and create an opening in the

The 1 2 2 is a very simple defensive set up,

This player need to be quick and alert, as many

At first glance, you would think this zone

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

offense will see the lanes fill up with

cover rebounds on the long distance

Basic 2-3 Zone Defense

After the first pass (or dribble), the following will

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

These players dont need to be the biggest

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

Flow toward the ball, not leaving any

Keys to the 2-3 Defense

Keep your hands up and moving

Anticipate the passes

Make sure you are quick to set the

The Basic 2-2-1 Zone Defense

Here is how the 2-3 zone defense works:

Another in a long line of zone defenses, the 2

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

The 1 and 2 men need to be responsible for the

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

The 4 man watches the cross-court

The defense works the following way: (pass

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

The Basic 2-1-2 Zone Defense (Box

The 3 and 4 men in this defense differ from

This defense look like the number five on dice,

BASKETBALL PLAYBOOK: ZONE DEFENSE

lessons that you can teach your players with

The 2 man covers the pass back to the