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    Files For Data Handling: Check Validity of File Opening Writing Data Onto Files Reading Data From Files

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    LiSinVivian
    The document discusses file handling in C++ programming. It explains that files allow processing large amounts of data that cannot be handled through console input/output alone. Files can contain any type of data in an organized format. The key aspects of file handling covered include opening and closing files, checking if a file opens successfully, reading from and writing to files, and passing file objects to functions. Different methods of reading files are presented depending on whether the data type and number of items are known or unknown.

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    Files For Data Handling: Check Validity of File Opening Writing Data Onto Files Reading Data From Files

    Uploaded by

    LiSinVivian
    44 views15 pages
    The document discusses file handling in C++ programming. It explains that files allow processing large amounts of data that cannot be handled through console input/output alone. Files can contain any type of data in an organized format. The key aspects of file handling covered include opening and closing files, checking if a file opens successfully, reading from and writing to files, and passing file objects to functions. Different methods of reading files are presented depending on whether the data type and number of items are known or unknown.

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    c++ helper

    Original Title

    Files

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    The document discusses file handling in C++ programming. It explains that files allow processing large amounts of data that cannot be handled through console input/output alone. Files can contain any type of data in an organized format. The key aspects of file handling covered include opening and closing files, checking if a file opens successfully, reading from and writing to files, and passing file objects to functions. Different methods of reading files are presented depending on whether the data type and number of items are known or unknown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views15 pages

    Files For Data Handling: Check Validity of File Opening Writing Data Onto Files Reading Data From Files

    Uploaded by

    LiSinVivian
    The document discusses file handling in C++ programming. It explains that files allow processing large amounts of data that cannot be handled through console input/output alone. Files can contain any type of data in an organized format. The key aspects of file handling covered include opening and closing files, checking if a file opens successfully, reading from and writing to files, and passing file objects to functions. Different methods of reading files are presented depending on whether the data type and number of items are known or unknown.

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    of 15

    FILES FOR DATA

    HANDLING
    Learning outcomes:

    Check validity of file opening


    Writing data onto files
    Reading data from files
    1

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    Why need to learn about files?

    So far, we have been using Input/Output console objects:


    Input: using command cin to get data from keyboard.
    Output: using command cout to write/display data or
    results on computer monitor.
    Problems using console Input/Output:
    Need to key-in thousands of times if there is thousands of
    data to be read

    Cannot process data that are stored in a file.

    Cannot store computed results for later use. Write them


    by hand, on paper? What if the output is a long list?

    Solution:
    Use file processing/handling
    2

    What is a file in C++


    programming?

    In C++ programming, a file for reading can contain


    data, whatever the data are, but in a certain ordered
    format for easy handling (i.e., reading from and writing
    to file).
    A file for reading in C++ programming can also contain
    an image which is used for display.
    A file for writing can initially be an empty file, which
    then is filled with data according to programmers need.
    A file for writing can also be one which is already filled
    with data, but later must be appended (i.e., added) with
    new data.
    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    Practical use of file

    Examples:
    You are given a file containing vehicle types and their
    plate numbers for a project in which you have to separate
    the plate numbers according to the type of vehicle, i.e.
    cars, vans, motorcycle, lorry, etc.

    A file containing info on all new students. You are


    required to search in this file for female students only and
    print out the names and matric numbers.

    Advantages:
    Accuracy Without data file processing features,
    mistakes may occur in a work done using manual hands
    and naked eyes.

    Execution time/speed It takes less time to complete a


    job with the help of a computer program, reading and
    4
    writing file.

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    How to implement file processing


    with C++?
    1.

    2.

    Declare preprocessor header file: #include <fstream>


    Declare file object to be used for reading (i.e. input) and/or
    writing (i.e. output)
    Examples:
    //Declare file object for reading only
    //Command ifstream indicates input file
    ifstream file_in (<filename>);
    //Declare file object for writing only
    //Command ofstream indicates output file

    ofstream file_out (<filename>);


    //Declare file object for reading & writing
    //Command fstream indicates input and/or output file

    fstream file_in_out (<filename>);

    (cont)

    How to implement file


    processing with C++?

    3.

    4.

    Check validity of file opening before using the file for


    reading or writing.
    Close files that have been opened when finish using them
    using the format:
    <file object name>.close()
    E.g:
    If a file for reading is opened using:
    ifstream file_input(dataAssm.dat);
    to close the file, use:
    file_input.close ();

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    How to check for successful file


    opening?

    File opening is checked to avoid wasteful file


    processing before a file is successfully opened.
    Checking is done only after the file object has been
    declared for reading and/or writing, by using the
    command
    <file object name>.fail()
    If open file fails, an error message can be displayed.
    e.g.
    ifstream file_in (infile.dat);
    if ( file_in.fail() )
    cerr << ERROR: FILE OPEN FAILS;
    7

    Rules using files

    A file can be opened and closed as many times as


    needed.
    However, if a file has been opened for writing, and
    after use, the file has been closed, any new file that is
    opened with the same filename as the previously
    opened file will erase (reset) the content of the old file,
    i.e. the old file will be overwritten with new info.
    Any number of files can be opened for writing at the
    same time. What differentiate them is their the
    different file object names and filenames.
    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita
    Mohamad Saleh

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    How to write onto file?

    Writing information onto a file can simply be done by


    replacing cout command with the file object name.

    E.g.
    ofstream file_out (outputfile.dat);
    float Number1=45.4;
    float Number2=99.8;
    for (int i=1; i <= 5; i++)
    file_out << Number1 <<\t<<Number2<< endl;
    file_out.close();
    9

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    Type 1: How to read from file?


    1.

    Known datatype, known number of data to be read


    Example: A lecturer knows the total number of students, and the
    info is students matric number, which is of type int.
    E.g. Read a file containing 10 students marks of type
    float and display the marks.
    Pseudocode:
    Define constant value for number of data.
    Declare file object , file_in, and open file.
    Declare variable to store each students mark, marks.
    while no_data <= 10,
    file_in marks
    display marks
    10

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    Type 2: How to read from file?


    2.

    Known datatype, unknown number of info to be read


    Example: A lecturer does not know the total number of
    students, but only knows that the marks are in float.
    Use: for loop with an end-of-file condition.
    E.g. Read a file of unknown number of students marks
    of type float and display the marks.
    Pseudocode:
    Declare file object and open file.
    Declare variable to store each students mark.
    while (!file_in.eof() ) //NOT end-of-file
    file_in marks
    display marks
    11

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    Type 3: How to read from file?


    3.

    Unknown datatype (or mixed-type data), unknown


    number of info to be read.
    To loop line: use for or while with end-of-file
    condition
    To read info: use array_of_char[array_size], which
    reads the entire line as array of characters. The
    array size needs to be the maximum number of
    characters that can form each line.
    Pseudocode:
    Declare file object and open file.
    Declare array of characters to store each lines string.
    while (!file_in.eof() ) //NOT end-of-file
    read entire line ( file_in.getline(data,100) )
    12

    Example :
    How to read unknown number of
    data with unknown datatype?
    Create a text data file by typing your name, and address lines
    on separate lines. Save the file as name filein.dat.
    Then, type the code segment below in a main program,
    compile and run. NOTE: Do not forget to include header
    file <fstream>
    ifstream file_in (filein.dat);
    char data[100];
    // string data; // alternative method using string
    for (int i=1; !file_in.eof(); i++) {
    file_in.getline(data,100);
    // getline(file_in,data); using string
    cout << endl << "\t" << i << "\t" << data;}
    cout << "\n\n\tEnd ofEEE123,
    file!";
    by Assoc Prof Dr Junita
    Mohamad Saleh
    13
    file_in.close();

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    Type 4: How to read from file ?


    4.

    Unknown datatype (or mixed-type data), unknown number of


    info to be read.
    Read the entire line as string, including spaces and tabs. Using
    this method, if any value needs to be a number, the string has to
    be converted to number first.
    To read each line: use getline(<str_variable>,<str_size>)
    predefined function to read the entire line as string,
    including spaces and tabs.
    To repeat reading: use for loop with eof (end-of-file)
    predefined function.
    Pseudocode:
    Declare file object and open file.
    Declare array of character variable to store each lines string.
    while NOT end-of-file (use !file_in.eof() )
    read data line (use file_in.getline(data,100) )
    display data
    14

    How to pass file to function?


    Function prototype declaration
    void Check_openFile(ofstream&);

    Function call
    Check_openFile(file_id);

    Function header
    void Check_openFile(ofstream& file_id);

    EEE123, by Assoc Prof Dr Junita Mohamad Saleh

    15

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