MARINE FRONTIER JOURNAL VOL.XX, NO.

XX, MARCH 201X

First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. Author,

PREPARATION OF PAPERS & TEMPLATE

Member, IEEE
FOR MARINE FRONTIER
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Authors email
Received XX MONTH 201X; Revised XX MONTH 201X; Accepted XX MONTH 201X

Abstract (The abstract should not exceed 250 words. It should briefly summarize the essence of the paper and address the
following areas without using specific subsection titles.): Objective: Briefly state the problem or issue addressed, in language
accessible to a general scientific audience. Technology or Method: Briefly summarize the technological innovation or method
used to address the problem. Results: Provide a brief summary of the results and findings. Conclusions: Give brief concluding
remarks on your outcomes. Clinical Impact: Comment on the translational aspect of the work presented in the paper and its
potential clinical impact. Detailed discussion of these aspects should be provided in the main body of the paper.
(Note that the organization of the body of the paper is at the authors discretion; the only required sections are Introduction,
Methods and Procedures, Results, Conclusion, and References. Acknowledgements and Appendices are encouraged but
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blank e-mail to keywords@ieee.org or visit http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt\

Note: There should no nonstandard abbreviations, acknowledgments of support, references or footnotes in in the abstract.

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1
This paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you
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S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He
is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu).
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).

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MARINE FRONTIER JOURNAL VOL.XX, NO.XX, MARCH 201X

3
TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

Symbol

H
m

magnetic flux
magnetic flux density,
magnetic induction
magnetic field strength
magnetic moment

magnetization

4M

j
J

magnetization
specific magnetization
magnetic dipole
moment
magnetic polarization

susceptibility
mass susceptibility
permeability

r
w, W
N, D

relative permeability
energy density
demagnetizing factor

Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that Fig. is

abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two spaces.
It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the caption.

submitted as RGB color.

Graphics Checker Tool
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failed to meet the requirements. If the file fails, a
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available at http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/
For more Information, contact the IEEE Graphics H-EL-P Desk by e-mail at graphics@ieee.org. You will then
receive an e-mail response and sometimes a request for a
sample graphic for us to check.
E. Copyright Form
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at
http://www.ieee.org/copyright. Authors are responsible for
obtaining any security clearances.
III. MATH
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com)
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). Float over
text should not be selected.
IV. UNITS
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units

Quantity

Conversion from Gaussian and

CGS EMU to SI a
1 Mx 108 Wb = 108 Vs
1 G 104 T = 104 Wb/m2
1 Oe 103/(4) A/m
1 erg/G = 1 emu
103 Am2 = 103 J/T
1 erg/(Gcm3) = 1 emu/cm3
103 A/m
1 G 103/(4) A/m
1 erg/(Gg) = 1 emu/g 1 Am2/kg
1 erg/G = 1 emu
4 1010 Wbm
1 erg/(Gcm3) = 1 emu/cm3
4 104 T
1 4
1 cm3/g 4 103 m3/kg
1 4 107 H/m
= 4 107 Wb/(Am)
r
1 erg/cm3 101 J/m3
1 1/(4)

Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for the
entire table do not need footnote letters.
a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx = maxwell,
G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T = tesla, m =
meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.

are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as

secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in
data storage. For example, write 15 Gb/cm2 (100
Gb/in 2). An exception is when English units are used as
identifiers in trade, such as 3-in disk drive. Avoid
combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes
and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to
confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally.
If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each
quantity in an equation.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m.
However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to
magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength
symbolized as 0H. Use the center dot to separate
compound units, e.g., Am 2.
V. HELPFUL HINTS
A. Figures and Tables
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top
and bottom of each column. Large figures and tables may
span both columns. Place figure captions below the figures;
place table titles above the tables. If your figure has two
parts, include the labels (a) and (b) as part of the
artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you
mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include
captions as part of the figures. Do not put captions in
text boxes linked to the figures. Do not put borders
around the outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation
Fig. even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not

MARINE FRONTIER JOURNAL VOL.XX, NO.XX, MARCH 201X

abbreviate Table. Tables are numbered with Roman
numerals.
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the
quantity Magnetization, or Magnetization M, not just
M. Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with
units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write Magnetization
(A/m) or Magnetization (A m1), not just A/m. Do
not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For
example, write Temperature (K), not Temperature/K.
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
Magnetization (kA/m) or Magnetization (10 3 A/m).
Do not write Magnetization (A/m) 1000 because the
reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1
meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be
legible, approximately 8 to 12 point type.

B. References
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1].
The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate
brackets [1][3]. When citing a section in a book, please
give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer
simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use Ref.
[3] or reference [3] except at the beginning of a
sentence: Reference [3] shows ... . Please do not use
automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list
at the end of the paper using the References style.
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
Footnote).2 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see
Table I).
Please note that the references at the end of this
document are in the preferred referencing style. Give all
authors names; do not use et al. unless there are six
authors or more. Use a space after authors initials. Papers
that have not been published should be cited as
unpublished [4]. Papers that have been accepted for
publication, but not yet specified for an issue should be
cited as to be published [5]. Papers that have been
submitted for publication should be cited as submitted for
publication [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for
private communications [7].
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published
in translation journals, please give the English citation
first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [8].
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
used in the text, even after they have already been defined
in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc
do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate
periods should not have spaces: write C.N.R.S., not C.
N. R. S. Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they
are unavoidable (for example, IEEE in the title of this
2

It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered

footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the
footnote information into the text.

article).
D. Equations
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers
in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First
use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select
the Equation markup style. Press the tab key and write
the equation number in parentheses. To make your
equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the
exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to
avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations
when they are part of a sentence, as in

r2
0

F ( r, ) dr d [ r2 / ( 2 0 )]

exp( | zj zi | ) 1 J 1 ( r2 ) J 0 ( ri ) d .
(1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been

defined before the equation appears or immediately
following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature,
but T is the unit tesla). Refer to (1), not Eq. (1) or
equation (1), except at the beginning of a sentence:
Equation (1) is ... .
E. Other Recommendations
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
complex modifiers: zero-field-cooled magnetization.
Avoid dangling participles, such as, Using (1), the
potential was calculated. [It is not clear who or what used
(1).] Write instead, The potential was calculated by using
(1), or Using (1), we calculated the potential.
Use a zero before decimal points: 0.25, not .25. Use
cm3, not cc. Indicate sample dimensions as 0.1 cm
0.2 cm, not 0.1 0.2 cm2. The abbreviation for
seconds is s, not sec. Do not mix complete spellings
and abbreviations of units: use Wb/m 2 or webers per
square meter, not webers/m 2. When expressing a range
of values, write 7 to 9 or 7-9, not 7~9.
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the
parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas
are within quotation marks, like this period. Other
punctuation is outside! Avoid contractions; for example,
write do not instead of dont. The serial comma is
preferred: A, B, and C instead of A, B and C.
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
plural and use the active voice (I observed that ... or We
observed that ... instead of It was observed that ...).
Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
carefully proofread your paper.
VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
The word data is plural, not singular. The subscript for
the permeability of vacuum 0 is zero, not a lowercase
letter o. The term for residual magnetization is

MARINE FRONTIER JOURNAL VOL.XX, NO.XX, MARCH 201X

remanence; the adjective is remanent; do not write
remnance or remnant. Use the word micrometer
instead of micron. A graph within a graph is an inset,
not an insert. The word alternatively is preferred to the
word alternately (unless you really mean something that
alternates). Use the word whereas instead of while
(unless you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not
use the word essentially to mean approximately or
effectively. Do not use the word issue as a euphemism
for problem. When compositions are not specified,
separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for example,
NiMn indicates the intermetallic compound Ni 0.5Mn0.5
whereas NiMn indicates an alloy of some composition
NixMn1-x.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
affect (usually a verb) and effect (usually a noun),
complement and compliment, discreet and
discrete, principal (e.g., principal investigator) and
principle (e.g., principle of measurement). Do not
confuse imply and infer.
Prefixes such as non, sub, micro, multi, and
ultra are not independent words; they should be joined to
the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is
no period after the et in the Latin abbreviation et al. (it
is also italicized). The abbreviation i.e., means that is,
and the abbreviation e.g., means for example (these
abbreviations are not italicized).
An excellent style manual and source of information for
science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide and an
Information for Authors are both available at
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html

VII. EDITORIAL POLICY

Submission of a manuscript is not required for
participation in a conference. Do not submit a reworked
version of a paper you have submitted or published
elsewhere. Do not publish preliminary data or results.
The submitting author is responsible for obtaining
agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from
sponsors before submitting a paper. IEEE TRANSACTIONS
and JOURNALS strongly discourage courtesy authorship. It
is the obligation of the authors to cite relevant prior work.
The Transactions and Journals Department does not
publish conference records or proceedings. The
TRANSACTIONS does publish papers related to conferences
that have been recommended for publication on the basis of
peer review. As a matter of convenience and service to the
technical community, these topical papers are collected and
published in one issue of the TRANSACTIONS.
At least two reviews are required for every paper
submitted. For conference-related papers, the decision to
accept or reject a paper is made by the conference editors
and publications committee; the recommendations of the
referees are advisory only. Undecipherable English is a
valid reason for rejection. Authors of rejected papers may
revise and resubmit them to the TRANSACTIONS as regular
papers, whereupon they will be reviewed by two new
referees.

5
VIII.PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES

The contents of IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are

peer-reviewed and archival. The TRANSACTIONS publishes
scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial
expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and
topics of current interest.
Authors should consider the following points:
1) Technical papers submitted for publication must
advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant
prior work.
2) The length of a submitted paper should be
commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to
the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious
extension of previously published work might not be
appropriate for publication or might be adequately
treated in just a few pages.
3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper;
the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary
or unexpected results are reported.
4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
papers submitted for publication must provide
sufficient information to allow readers to perform
similar experiments or calculations and use the
reported results. Although not everything need be
disclosed, a paper must contain new, useable, and fully
described information. For example, a specimens
chemical composition need not be reported if the main
purpose of a paper is to introduce a new measurement
technique. Authors should expect to be challenged by
reviewers if the results are not supported by adequate
data and critical details.
5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the
latest technical achievement, which are suitable for
presentation at a professional conference, may not be
appropriate for publication in a TRANSACTIONS or
JOURNAL.
IX. CONCLUSION
Please include a brief summary of the possible clinical
implications of your work in the conclusion section.
Although a conclusion may review the main points of the
paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion.
Consider elaborating on the translational importance of the
work or suggest applications and extensions.
APPENDIX
Appendixes,
if
acknowledgment.

needed,

appear

before

the

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The preferred spelling of the word acknowledgment in
American English is without an e after the g. Use the
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
Avoid expressions such as One of us (S.B.A.) would like
to thank ... . Instead, write F. A. Author thanks ... .
Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are

MARINE FRONTIER JOURNAL VOL.XX, NO.XX, MARCH 201X

placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not
here.
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