Low Loss Soft Switching Boost Converter

So-Ri Park , Sang-Hoon Park , Chung-Yuen Won and Yong-Chae Jung

X

1,2,3

ZG

School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University

300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
1
e-mail: efu27@skku.edu
2
e-mail : marohachi@skku.edu

e-mail : won@yurim.skku.ac.kr
3

Department of Electronic Engineering, Namseoul University,

21 Maeju-ri, Seonghwan-eup, Cheonan, 330-707, Korea
4
e-mail: ychjung@nsu.ac.kr

Abstract A new soft switching boost converter is proposed

in this paper. The conventional boost converter generates
switching losses at turn on and off. Because of those, the
whole system efficiency is reduced. The proposed converter
utilizes soft switching method using an auxiliary switch and
resonant circuit. Therefore, the converter reduces switching
losses lower than the hard switching. The proposed soft
switching boost converter can be applied to photovoltaic
system, power factor correction and so forth.

proposed converter improves the whole system efficiency

by reducing switching loss than other converters in the
same frequency. In this paper, some simulation results are
presented for 600[W], 30[kHz] prototype boost converter
using IGBT. And then it shows the experimental results
to verify the operational principle of the proposed circuit.
II.PROPOSED SOFT SWITCHING BOOST CONVERTER
A. Configuration of the Proposed Converter

Keywords Photovoltaic, Power Factor Correction, Soft

Switching, ZVS Converters

I. INTRODUCTION
Recently, switch mode power supply has been smaller
and lighter because the switching frequency is higher. But
as the switching frequency is higher, the periodic loss
increases at turn on and turn off. As a result, this loss
brings increasing loss of whole system.
Many converters using resonance to reduce switching
loss have been presented in papers [1-6]. Among them,
many researches using resonance are presented about
ZVZCS (Zero Voltage Zero Current Switching) converter
that ZVS and ZCS perform simultaneously [1-4].
However, the auxiliary circuit for resonance increases
the complexity of circuit and the circuit cost. For some
resonant converters with auxiliary switch, main switch
achieves soft switching but auxiliary switch performs
hard switching. Thus, these converters cannot improve
the whole system efficiency owing to switching loss of
auxiliary switch [1].
A new soft switching boost converter with an auxiliary
switch and resonant circuit is proposed in this paper. The
resonant circuit is consisted of a resonant inductor, two
resonant capacitors, two diodes and an auxiliary switch. It
makes partial resonant path for main switch perform soft
switching at zero voltage. Moreover, the auxiliary switch
also achieves soft switching by resonant circuit.
Compared with other soft switching converters, the

Fig.1 Circuit diagram of the proposed converter.

Fig 1 shows the proposed low loss soft switching boost

converter. The main switch and the auxiliary switch of
the proposed circuit are capable of soft switching by an
auxiliary switching block, consisting of an auxiliary
switch, two resonant capacitors, a resonant inductor and
two diodes.
B. Equivalent circuit analysis
Key waveforms of the proposed converter are shown in
Fig. 2. Each of the main switch and auxiliary switch
PWM waveforms are S1 and S2. Main switch and
auxiliary switch current, voltage, the resonant inductor
current are analyzed as Fig. 2.
The circuit operation in one switching cycle can be
divided into nine stages, as shown in Fig. 3.

181
c 2008 IEEE
978-1-4244-1742-1/08/$25.00 

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Fig. 2 Key waveforms of the proposed converter.

Fig. 3 Equivalent circuits during one switching period.

182

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 Stage 1 (to - t1)

Main and auxiliary switches turn off. The energy of
main inductor transfers to load through main diode. When
the auxiliary switch turns on, the stage 2 begins. Main
inductor current in this mode is expressed as the equation
(1).

IL

I L (t9 ) 

Vo  Vin
t
L

(1)

Stage 2 (t1 - t2)

Turning on the auxiliary switch, the resonant inductor
current begins to increase linearly from zero. The
resonant inductor current ILr is equal to main inductor
current at t2, stage 2 is finished. At this interval, main and
resonant inductor currents are given by equation (2) and
(3).
I Lr (t )

Vo
t
Lr

I L ( t ) | I m in

(2)

voltage equals to zero. At that time the turn-on signal is

given to the main switch with zero voltage condition. In
this stage, the main inductor current is given by,

I L (t )

I min 

Vin
t
L

(8)

Stage 5 (t4 - t5)

At stage 4, main switch turns on under zero voltage. At
that time, auxiliary switch is turned-off on the same
condition. This is the beginning of stage 5. In this stage
resonant inductor Lr and resonant capacitor Cr2 start a
resonance. After half-resonance of Lr and Cr2, the current
of Lr is zero. Then stage 5 is finished and Cr2 has been
fully charged by resonance.

Vin
t , I Lr
L

I L (t )

I (t 4 ) 

Za

1
, Za
Lr Cr 2

(3)

I Lr (t3 ) cos Za t

Lr
Cr 2

(9)
(10)

Stage 6 (t5 - t6)

Stage 3 (t2 - t3)
As soon as the resonant inductor current and the main
inductor current are equal, main diode is turned off. Then
the resonant capacitor Cr is discharged through resonant
path Cr and Lr. Finishing the resonance, the resonant
capacitor voltage equals to zero. And stage 3 is finished
at t3. At t2, the resonant capacitor voltage equal to output
voltage Vo. Thus the time interval for two currents
becoming equal since t1 is determined as equation (4).
t12

I Lm
(Vo / Lr )

S
2

Lr Cr

The resonant impedance is Z r

Vcr (t )

Vo
sin Z r t
Zr
Vo cos Z r t
I min 

(11)
(12)

Stage 7 (t6 - t7)

(5)

Lr
. And the resonant
Cr

inductor current and resonant capacitor Cr voltage are

given by,
I Lr (t )

VCr 2 (t ) Z a I Lr (t3 ) sin Z a t

VCr 2 (t5 ) Za I Lr , VCr 2 (t6 ) 0

(4)

The resonant period of resonant capacitor and resonant

inductor, is

tr

After stage 5 finishes, the current flow of the resonant

inductor Lr changes backward and this stage starts. At
stage 6, the reverse resonance of Lr and Cr2 through main
switch and D2 occurs. In this time, Cr2 voltage is fall to
zero by resonance. Then the resonance of Lr and Cr2 is
finished and Cr2 voltage is zero. During the stage 6, the
resonant capacitor voltage is discharged as equation (12).

After Cr2 voltage becomes zero, the body diode of

auxiliary switch is turned on. And the current flows
through body diode resonant inductor - main switch
freewheeling path. By PWM algorithm, the main switch
turned off, this stage is ended. In this interval the amount
of resonant inductor current is equal at t3. But the current
flow is backward

Vin
t






















(13)

L

I L (t )

I L (t 6 ) 

I Lr ( t )

 I Lr ( t 3 )



























(14)

Stage 8 (t7 - t8)

(6)
(7)

Stage 4 (t3 - t4)

As soon as resonant capacitor Cr voltage equals to zero,
the body-diode of main switch is naturally turned on.
When the body-diode is turned on, the main switch

The sum of the two inductor currents charges resonant

capacitor Cr in this stage. If resonant capacitor voltage
equals to output voltage, this stage is finished.
I Lr I L ( t 7 )  { I L ( t 7 )  I Lr ( t 3 )} cos Z r t
Z r { I L ( t 7 )  I Lr ( t 3 )} ! Vo

(15)
(16)

The equation (16) is a zero voltage condition.

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183

 Stage 9 (t8 - t9)

At t8, the resonant capacitor Cr has been charged and
the main diode voltage is zero. Therefore, the main diode
turns on and the resonant inductor current decreases
linearly toward zero. After the current equals zero, the
stage 9 is ended and next switching cycle starts. In this
stage, the main inductor current and the resonant inductor
current are given by equation (17), (18).

I L (t )
I Lr

I L (t 7 ) 

Vo  Vin
t
L

V
 I Lr (t3 )  o t
Lr

(17)

Fig. 5 Voltage conversion ratio.

(18)

C. Delay time and voltage conversion characteristics.

To achieve the zero voltage switching, a delay time
(Delay) of main switch PWM is required. The minimum
delay time must be satisfied the following equation. The
time is consisted of the resonant time between Lr and Cr,
and the time that the resonant inductor current becomes
input current.
TDelay t

I in Lr S

Vo
2

Lr C r

(19)

During the delay time, the auxiliary switch is turned on.

And the PWM signals of main and auxiliary switch are
as the Fig.4.

Fig. 5 is the voltage conversion ratio to main switch

duties of two converters. The green bar is to the
conventional boost converter and the red one is to the
proposed converter in this paper. The last one has duty
margin because of the auxiliary switch turned on. Thus it
can be established the higher voltage under the same duty
ratio.
III. SIMULATION
Simulation parameters are presented in Table. 1. In this
paper, the proposed circuit is simulated by PSIM 6.0
developed by Powersim Inc.
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram for simulation.
The simulation performed under 30[kHz] switching
frequency and 130~170[V] input voltage. To control the
output voltage Vo, Vo is sensing. Resonant capacitor
voltage is also sensing for zero voltage switching of main
switch. Main switch is turned on and off when resonant
capacitor Cr voltage is zero. Thus, PWM signal is
generated by multiple of two sensing voltages.
Table I. Simulation parameters.

Fig. 4 The PWM signals.

VL

T
T
V in ( D aux  r )  V in ( D m ain  r )
T
T GGGGGGGGGGG(20)
 (Vin  V o )(1  D aux  D m ain )

Input voltage

Vi

Output voltage

Vo

130~170[V]
400[V]

Switching frequency

fs

30[kHz]

Resonant capacitor1

Cr

3.3[nF]

Resonant capacitor2

Cr2

30[nF]

Resonant inductor

Lr

20[H]

Main inductor

Lm

560[H]

In steady state operation, the main inductor voltage VL

is given by the equation (20). After the delay time, the
energy is accumulated the main inductor. It is as the turn
on the switch at the conventional boost converter. Thus
the auxiliary turned on is the effect of the total duty is
longer.
At the equation (20), Tr is the resonant time between the
resonant inductor Lr and resonant capacitor Cr. Dmain is
main switch duty ratio and Daux is auxiliary switch duty
ratio. From the main inductor voltage, the voltage
conversion ratio is defined as follow.
Vo
1
|
Vin 1  ( Daux  Dmain )

184

(21)

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram for simulation.

2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE-PEMC 2008)

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2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE-PEMC 2008)

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REFERENCES



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