Contact Lens Materials

CONTACT LENS MATERIALS
PROPERTIES
Desired
properties
CL
1. Oxygen
permeability
Ideal CL material
1. Provide
sufficient
oxygen
2. Wettability
2. Wettability
3. Optical
properties
4. Craze
resistance
5. Dimensional
stability
6. Hardness
7. Biocompatibility
comfort
3. Be
optically
regular
4. Have
minimal
light loss
5. Dimensional
stability
8. Durability
6. Durable good
handling
9. Resists deposits
7. Resist spoilage
8. Be
physiologically
inert
10.Ease
fabrication
11.Low cost
9. Easy
to
fabricate
10.Retain
and
allow
creation
of high quality
surfaces
11.Require minimal
maintenance
of
Most
important
ideal properties
1. Oxygen
permeability
2. Wettability
long
term
tolerance
3. Scratch
resistance and
good
optical
properties
4. Rigidity
warpage
5. Flexibility
comfort,
conform
to
cornea
6. Durability
withstand
handling
7. Deposit
resistance
vision, comfort
Important
properties of soft
contact lenses
1. Oxygen
permeability
2. Water content
3. Refractive index
4. Elasticity
5. Durablity
6. Deposit
resistance
7. Environmental
susceptibility
8. Ionicity
Most important ideal properties of a contact lens material

Ideal properties of a contact lens material 10 properties
RGP MATERIALS
1. PMMA: problems (Beware changing long term wearer to other materials)
1.1. 0.2 0.5% water
1.2. Zero oxygen permeability
1.3. Spectacle blur
1.4. Corneal exhaustion syndrome
1.5. Warped cornea
1.6. Poor physiology
2. RGP
CAB
Butylstyrene
Siloxane
acrylate
Fluorosiloxane
acrylates
Perfloureth
ers
Fluorofocon
Dk 4-8
First RGP
Not too good
Cellulose Acetate Mutarate
Dk 25
Highest RI of any lens = 1.533
Lowest SG of any lens 0.95
Dk 12-60 (low medium)
PMMA backbone
Si-O-Si bond flexible and extensible > produces increased oxygen
permeability but decreased rigidity
EG: Boston II, IV + Paraperm O2 EW + Alberta + Polycon II
ADV
DDV
Higher Dk than previous
Deposit prone silicone
materials
Scratches
Decreased rigidity (conforms
Breaks easier
better)
Can craze
Allows increased diameter
Intensive care
Flexure
Instability warps on cornea
Result from need for more oxygen
Dk 40-100
Fluorine added to siloxane acrylates
EG: Equalens + Fluoroperm 60, 90 + Quantum +Alberta N-FL
ADV
DDV
Better wetting
Relatively easily scratched
Distinct material
Discontinued
Consist of: Fluorine, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
Consists of: perflourether + PVP + MMA
Dk > 90
ADV
DDV
Neutral surface charge
Expensive to make
Greater on eye flexibility
Average wettability
Low RI
Warps
High SG
List 3 RGP lens materials

1 CAB
2 Butyl-styrene
3 Siloxane acrylates
4 Fluoro siloxane acrylates
5 Perfluoretters
Characteristics of corneal exhaustion syndrome
Corneal exhaustion syndrome showed that corneal stress caused by PMMA lenses causes many changes in corneal
structure and function. It includes:
- Episodes of edema after 6-8 hours
- Intolerance of lens wear
- Endothelial irregularity
- Changes to posterior corneal translucency
Some regression of polymegathism occurs after lens wear is discontinued.
Disadvantages of siloxane acrylate
- deposit prone
- scratches
- breaks easier
- can craze
- flexure
- instability
SOFT LENS MATERIALS: POLYMERS
1. PHEMA
2. After
Hema
3. Newest
material
OTHER LENSES SOFTPERM

Hard centre = 5-6 Dk
Soft skirt = 25% water
Close to PMMA
38% water
Added PVP 55%
Phema, PVP, MA, MMA,
PVA
Night and day Ciba
Pure vision B+L
Ciba 175 Dk
B+L 125 Dk
INDICATIONS FOR CL WEAR

Indications for CL wear
1. Visual indications:
a. Cosmetic (low refractive state)
b. Improve acuity (keratoconus, high
my)
c. Maintain BV (amblyopia)
2. Sport
3. Therapeutic:
a. Eye disease
b. Following surgery (bandage lens)
c. Chemotherapeutic (acts as sponge)
d. Surgical procedures
4. Diagnostic:
a. Electrodiagnostic
b. Radiology
Contraindications to CL wear
1. Intelligence:
- Must be able to clean
- Compliance is important
2. Toilet:
- How clean are their hands?
- Body odour?
- Bad breath?
3. Sensitivity (corneal and cerebral)
4. Allergies:
- Rubbing eye due to itching can
dislocate lens
5. Poor
lacrimal
apparatus
and
drainage
6. Dry eye
7. Diabetes
- Wound healing slow
- Microvascular disease
8. AIDS
9. Young children
There are various contraindications to contact lens wear. Discuss the implications of
these contraindications
Intelligence responsibility, clean lenses, take out when sleeping
Poor lacrimal apparatus and drainage
Allergies can lead to GPC
Sensitivity corneal and cerebral
Toilet if dont wash your hands, contamination
Dry eye decrease comfort, awareness
Diabetes heal slower, more prone to infection, dehydrate, decrease sensitivity
Aids immune suppressed, more prone to infection, heal slower
Young children may need help from adult with insertion, cleaning
Basic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
requirements of good contact lens fitting:

Maintain corneal integrity
Maintain tear flow beneath CL
Provide adequate vision
Provide comfort
Invisibility
Ease of care
Characteristics of good contact lens fitting

1. Maintain corneal integrity
2. Maintain tear flow beneath a contact lens
3. Provide adequate vision
4. Provide comfort
5. Invisibility
6. Ease of care
Detail, in point form the criteria that can be used as standards of success in the
fitting of contact lenses
1. Wearing time
The patient must be able to wear lenses regularly and continuously for a minimum
period of 8 hours
2. Comfort
Patients may experience no more than slight lens awareness, slight photophobia in
sunlight and/ or occasional foreign body.
3. Vision
Patient must report no significant blur, flare or edge reflections
VA must be within 1 snellen line VA with spectacle lens correction
Must report no significant spectacle blur after lens removal
4. Ocular tissue changes
Cornea and other ocular tissues must be free of any significant disturbances
Slight peripheral corneal staining, faint CCC immediately upon removing lenses and
corneal curvature changes not exceeding 0.75D acceptable
5. Normal appearance of the patient
No squinting or significant alteration in either head posture, blinking pattern or eye
injection
A patient who failed to meet any one or more of these criteria, 4-6 months after initial
examination and fitting = considered unsuccessful.

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Contact Lens Materials

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CONTACT LENS MATERIALS

Most important ideal properties of a contact lens material

List 3 RGP lens materials

OTHER LENSES SOFTPERM

INDICATIONS FOR CL WEAR

requirements of good contact lens fitting:

Characteristics of good contact lens fitting

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