Introduction

to Newspaper
Design for Print

AJEEP

Tim Mitchell

7/3/15

The Six Modules

Module 1

Overview

Module 2

Terms

Module 3

Page layout grids and styles

Module 4

Wordsheadlines and decks

Module 5

Wordsbylines, story text, cutlines, credits

Module 6

Imagesphotos, illustrations, infographics

Appendix

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Tim Mitchell

AJEEP SYLLABUS
Introduction to Newspaper Design for Print

Course Description
An introduction to newspaper design for print covering an overview of the history of Western newspapers,
standard terms used to identify elements, page layout, word, and image conventions used for reporting the
news. The six learning modules are designed to be one-hour sessions but time may vary depending on the
number of students and discussions. Obviously, six hours of learning does not substitute for years of
practical experience and learning but it can be a start.
Course Goals and Student Learning Objectives
This course will give the student a basic understanding of newspaper design for print:
Western historical context
Terms
Design and layout organization
Course Content Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
LO1 Identify industry standard and successful newspaper design
LO2 Understand and discuss how newspapers use words and images to ethically inform readers
LO3 Learn and use relevant vocabulary for the industry
Required Texts/Readings
Textbook
There is no required text although a textbook by Tim Harrower about newspaper design is available in at
least seven versions. Newspaper Designers Handbook, ver.6, by Tim Harrower; McGraw-Hill, Columbus,
OH, U.S.A. This is the reference book for newspaper design sessions and its ISBN is 978-0-07-299669-2.
Other Readings
The instructors appendix section has further reading suggestions.
Other Equipment / Material Requirements (Optional)
Enhanced learning can be realized with Internet access and by using a computer with publishing software
like InDesign 2.0 or later versions.

Intro to Newspaper Design Spring 2013

Page 1 of 2

Assignments and Grading Policy

Class instruction will include a lecture, discussion, and homework review. Lectures will be given based on
the module information, discussion will be through student class participation, and homework will include
answering the quizzes and bringing in print samples of newspapers.
Assignments will be given in each class and may be just a quiz or a quiz and other work. Assignments will
be due the following class session.
Each class, except the first one, will cover learning objectives 1, 2, and 3.
Grading will based on earning a total of 100 points by the end of the six classes.
6 classes x 10 points for class participation
6 quizzes x 5 points each possible
1 final class newspaper critique by each student

= 60 points possible
= 30 points possible
= 10 points possible

=100 points total

Any late work will receive a maximum of half credit. There is no extra credit.
Participation in class involves discussion, critical thinking, use of relevant
vocabulary, and questions about the material covered. An F grade is a fail.

POINTS

GRADE

10098
9794
9390
8987
8683
8280
7977
7673
7270
6967
6663
6260
590

A+
A
AB+
B
BC+
C
CD+
D
DF

Introduction to Newspaper Design for Print Course Schedule

Class

Date

Topics, Readings, Assignments, Deadlines

Overview of newspapers

Terms used for newspapers

Page layout grids and styles

Wordsheadlines and decks

Wordsbylines, story text, cutlines, credits

Imagesphotos, illustrations, infographics

The schedule is subject to change with fair notice by e-mail and in the previous class.
Intro to Newspaper Design Spring 2013

Page 2 of 2

press is the
American
bible of democracy,
the book in which
a people determines
its conduct.

Walter Lippman, 1925

AJEEP

Tim Mitchell

7/3/15

Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 1
Overview

AJEEP

Tim Mitchell

7/3/15

Colonial era book style designs

(1690>)


Tradi;onal design era larger format
(1850s>)

Op;mum format era evolved design
(1937>) with beHer technologies available


Redesign era digital allows design
(present) ideas to ourish
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Newsletter format
Small size
Poor quality results.
Not all local news.

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The first newspaper in the Americas was

called Publick Occurrences.

Dense text
No photos just decorative elements
Weeklies became dailies.

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Virginia
Gazette
Dec. 9,
1775,

Single-line
head
Ini$al
drop cap

Front Cover
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Back Cover
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Inside pages

Tim Mitchell

San Franciscos
The Call Post,
Dec.10,
Tombstone
style four-line
1913
heads
Unusual, cutout
images (usually
rectangular)
Wallpaper-like
columns of text
Short, 2-column-
inch stories with
small text type

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Page
one

Back Cover
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News organizations depend on more than

print to get out the news .

Once sources are checked, newspapers post

news to their websites, blogs, and other
social media accounts faster.

The economic model for profiting from news

on the Internet is not consistently working.

Now designers produce print pages, websites,

and moble apps for viewing news.

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Use digital type,

digital images,
direct-to-plates
digital printing
technology

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Journalists want to be paid for their online

reporting.

Readers like getting access to online

journalism for free.

Some newspapers limit access beyond

headlines and story summaries.

Some trustworthy online news sources have

started to charge.

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Most trusted publications offer a companion

website.

Online advantages

There should be a conscious effort to drive

readers to and from the web for content.
Avoid starting a story in print and asking the
reader to finish it by reading online.

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Scan and view

Quick Reference codes
(QR codes)

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Quick Reference codes are encoded images

that computers with a camera and appropriate
software can decipher.

When using a QRC also include the humanreadable URL.

Make sure QRCs are high-enough quality and

resolution for the print medium by testing.

Some are free and some cost because of data

capture.

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Other types of two-dimensional codes:

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Some QRCs can be made to work with images

embedded in them for context.

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1. What is the newspaper era we are in now and how is it different from
previous ones?
2. Information source checking is an important part of trustworthy news
reporting. T or F?
3. Name some advantages of news online.
4. What is a QR code and how would you use one?

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 2
Terms

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Teasers
Skyboxes on page one that preview content

Flag
The title of the publication

Sidebar
A separate design element from main stories

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Headline
Large type above or touching (very near) the
start of the story that summarizes the article

Deck
A follow-on to the headline that explains the
story beyond the headline

Infographic
A visual storytelling informational graphic that
makes it easier to understand details.

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Info-
graphic

Teasers
or
skyboxes
Flag
or
logo
or
nameplate

Deck

Headline

Sidebar

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Text

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Jump
A line of information that says what page to
turn to for a continuation of the story.

Cutoff rule
A line that helps visually separate stories.

Byline
A credit line identifying the author or authors
and source/s of information

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Photo
An image from a camera that should visually
support the news story without alterations

Cutline
The images verbal description providing details

Credit
The name of the image maker and affiliation

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Column rule
A vertical line that helps organize and
separate columns of text

Sig
A small, brief label for a regular feature or
column

Text & column

Story information kept within visuallyorgainzed zones

Gutter
Space between text columns and outside edge

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Kicker
Jump
or
con?nua?on
line
Cuto rule

GuEer

Text

Column

Byline

Photo

Cutline
Credit
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Column rule
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Refer
A reference to another story or information

Subhead
A secondary level headline that explains groups
of content that follow

Index
A sorted list of information often used to assist
with navigation through the material.

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Subhead

Refer

Index

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Content list

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Folio line
A line of type describing the publication with
name, date, page number, section, etc.

Standing Head
A word or phrase defining a section or type of
information as a header from issue to issue

Banner head
A headline whose measure is the page width

Five columns-wide photo

One way to describe the width of a photo
spanning the columns in its story

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Sec?on/ Page
standing number
head
Folio line

Can include pub name, date, page number

Banner head

Five
columns-wide
photo

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Mug shot
A small photo of a person

Pull quote
Emphasized text that pulls out content from a
story

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Editorial cartoon
Personal, interpretive imagery on opinion page

Tint screen
The area made up of halftone dots to simulate
a tint of a color instead of full coverage of ink/s

Masthead
The area where staff, contact, and subscription
information is listed.

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Mug shot
Editorial
cartoon

Tint screen

Pull quote
or
liN-out quote

Infographic

Masthead
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1. Identify and match 10 newspaper terms to a printed copy of a newspaper

2. Do any newspapers NOT use skyboxes/teasers?
3. What is a refer?
4. What is a banner head?
5. It is common practice for the most important stories to start at the top of
the page and headlines get progressively smaller in font size for stories
descending on page. T or F?

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 3
Page layout grids and styles

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Tim Mitchell

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Design grids provide a way to maintain

consistent layout placement.

Styles provide a way to maintain consistent

typography, objects, and tables.

Both of these design techniques support the

identity of the publication.

An established publication should have

guidelines.

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The grid is an invisible design structure of the

page.

Grids can be geometric, organically shaped,

and combined structures for a page.

A publication can use just one grid for all

pages or a combination of grids for different
pages.

There is usually a common grid line for

consistent placement of folios or visual
elements like top and bottom rules.

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Many newspapers use basic grids with five or

six columns.

A six-column grid doesnt mean you always

must design with six columns of text.

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The grid
is an invisible design
structure of the page.

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This topmost
design grid can be
used to place the
folio line.

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This design grid

is for three equal
sized columns.

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This design grid

is for three equally-
sized columns.

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This design grid

is for six columns
on the page.

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A page design
based on a
six-column grid

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The page
without the grid
lines made visible

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This design grid

is for ve columns on
the page with one
wider.

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This design grid

is for four columns
on the page with two
wider outside columns
and two narrower
centered columns.

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Use consistent applications of fonts for

headlines, text, etc. to maintain the
publications identity.

Publishing software allows the use of styles.

Fonts with styles attached to them can be
globally changed by altering the style
parameters.

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This headline used these style settings:

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This text used these

style settings:

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The logo, also called the nameplate or flag,

should be designed to support the
publications identity, be memorable, and
integrate with any skyboxes and news on
page one.

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A modular logo

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More design
variety is
possible with a
modular logo.

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1. What is a design grid?

2. What is a common number of grid columns for a newspaper?
3. A style can be used to make universal changes to type that already has an
applied style. T or F?
4. Text type will often change from story to story. T or F?
5. What is another name for the publications title?

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 4
Wordsheadlines and decks

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Tim Mitchell

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Anchor story
Story importance
Make it easier for reader to scan page and
determine what to read or read first

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Design to emphasize writing in present tense

Set type with focus on conversational nature
Avoid line breaks with prepositions (of, for, to,
etc.)
Work closely with editor or headline writer
Short column-width headlines are difficult to
write and design

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Be aware of previous issues of the publication

design

Let story content determine where and how

you design the page layout

Design to contain headlines to their stories

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Banner
Kicker
Tripod
Hammer
Raw wrap
Sidesaddle
Slammer
Standing
Display

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Try different headline styles instead of always

one throughout:
Banner
head
with
deck

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Banner
head

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Banner
head

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Kicker

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Tripod
head

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Hammer
head

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Raw
wrap
head

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Sidesaddle
head

SJSU
meterology
future
is mostly
cloudy

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Slammer
head

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Editorial
cartoon
standing
head

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Feature story
display head

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Fit the head

to the space

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Beyond the
headline Decks support the headline.

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1. Name at least 5 kinds of headline categories.

2. Which letter represents the best answer to what is a standing head ?
a. A single headline that stands alone on the page
b. A headline that is vertical
c. A headline that is above the story
d. A label that appears with a story
3. A good headline should be written in a conversational tone. T or F?
4. A deck is a cutline for an image. T or F?

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 5

Wordsbylines, story text, cutlines, credits

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Words provide content details that images

cannot completely show.

Words and pictures together are best.

Words have different looks and styles
depending on the role they play.

Part of the publications identity is

typography.

Headlines used as feature-story art, are often

called display type.

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Special
type effects
can lend
visual
interest and
relevance.

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Bylines

At the start of a
story is the name
of the author and
his/her affiliation.
.
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Story text
An average font
size for text is
9 to 12 points
with an additional
10%20% for
line space.

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Story text

Ads are planned

on a six-column
grid.
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Story text
Paragraphs
are either
indented or
separated
with an
extra line
space but
not both.

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Story text
Indents can be defined in the paragraphs
style palette.

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Story text Justification settings vary for

every font, font size, line spacing, and column
measure.

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The resulting column

of text is based on the
settings below. No
one solution fits all
situations. Note the
even type color.

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Pull quotes,
subheads
The pull quote
has an indent
hang so the
open quote mark
is to the left of the
optically aligned
left margin of text.

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Image cutlines
Captioning images
requires good
writing and editing
skills as there is
not much room
to write.

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Image cutlines
Creating a twocolumn cutline
makes for easier
reading when the
image is very
wide.

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Image cutlines
Not all cutlines
need to run
under images
so different
rectangular
image shapes
can be used.

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Image credit
The image
creator is
identified
with an
image credit
in proximity
to the photo
or illustration
and in a
consistent
fashion.

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Image credit
When one person,
or more are
responsible for the
creation of an
image and when
a photo has been
altered from the
original it all needs
to be identified
in the image credit area
so it will be ethically represented as non factual.

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Folio lines
On most pages is a line of information that
identifies the publication, issue date, page,
section, etc.

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Advertisements

Ads as rectangular
shapes fitting the
six-column grid are
modular and easier
to flow columns
of text around.
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Ad schemes a challenge for story design

Harder to design stories to t open space

Pyramid
or
stepped
ads

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ads

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Easier to design stories to t open space

Magazine ads

Modular
ads

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Making the words

fit into the layout
Copyfitting can be
challenging and is
like a puzzle to get
the right about of
story text in the
space allotted.

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Making the words

fit into the space
The story text can be
measured in column
inches, how deep the
text columns run, or
in word count.

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Infographic

Story 1

Story 2

Story elements
to work tegether

Photo

Various design
approaches can be
used like changing
the size and shape
of the images, pull
quotes, head/deck,
adding sidebars, Story 3
infographics and
even editing the
story copy.
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Bastard
measure
columns
SD logo

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Layout tactics

All text story

Text story + image

Pyramid
or
stepped
ads

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Pyramid
or
stepped
ads

98

Story, image, quote

Pyramid
or
stepped
ads

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Layout tactics

All text story

Text story + images

Story, images, quote

Short pull quote

inserted between
columns as a text
wrap and
distancing itself
from ads

Well
ads
Lots of words is
visually uninvi$ng

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Well
ads
Photo is lost in ads
at this loca$on

99

Well
ads
Poor placement of
dominant photo

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Thumbnail layouts

Thumbnail-sized
layouts are fast and
easy ways to think
about design
solu$ons before
working on the
computer.
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1. Words and pictures working together are powerful story telling elements.
T or F?
2. Name at least five of the roles words play in storytelling.

3. Typography plays a major role in the publication's brand identity. T or F?

4. Display type is a kind of byline. T or F?
5. Cutlines are text lines that will be deleted. T or F?
6. Thumbnail layouts are a fast way to design and consider options before
using the computer. T or F?

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 6

Imagesphotos, illustrations, infographics

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Two words with similar meanings

A design or representa;on
made by various means

A visual representa;on
of something

A likeness obtained
by use of a camera
A rendering of something done with hand-
drawing tools or with computer soYware
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An explanatory
diagram composed
of photographic
and/or illustra;ve
elements and/or
words
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Showing reality
A good news photo is as important, or more so, than
the words that accompany it. Photos capture a moment
in news history.
There are ethical allowances for adjusting the photo to
reproduce well, like tonal adjustment, color balance, and
cropping.
A photo and its cutline should tell something about the
who, what, where, why, how, and by whom or it shouldnt
be part of the story.

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Altered photos are unethical

Photographs that do not depict an actual event as it
happened have no ethical place in visual news reporting.
There are situations in explanatory graphics where photos
can be altered but in all cases they must be identified as
photo illustrations and should not try to fool a reader.
Feature stories also use modified images in an illustrative
fashion to convey concepts but these are clearly credited
as illustrations and photo illustrations.

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Showing reality
A good news photo is as
important, or more so,
than the words that
accompany it. It should
be unaltered since it
represents a moment in
news history. There are
ethical allowances for
adjusting the photo to
reproduce well like tonal
adjustment, color
balance, and cropping.

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An unusual
photographic
height, not
from the
standard 5
feet above the
ground

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Ar;cial light.

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Depth of eld

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In your face
perspec;ve

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A viewpoint that can show an

establishing shot.

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Showing reality
These infographic photos
are organized with a
consistent presenta;on.
The subjects heads are
about the same size.
The rectangles
containing names,
photos and comments
are the same.
The ver$cal space
between photos is
consistent.
The horizontal
alignment of the
subjects eyes is even.

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Cropping reality
This is a rectangular
photo but it could be
cropped to be square
or have a vertical
shape.

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Cropping reality
A square crop could
show the football
player going over the
defensive blocker but
in this case it will
remove the height
of his jump and his
athletic prowess.

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Cropping reality
A vertical crop brings
the viewers focus
closer to the contact
and cuts away more of
the surrounding visual
information..

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Cropping reality

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Cropping for horizontal emphasis

shows the diagonals of movement: the
players legs and the angled runners.

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Cropping reality

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Showing the height of the jump, the

bodily trajectory, and implied action
with other players tells a story.

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Multiple images
for storytelling
This story uses three images
to help tell the story of the
football coachs uplifted spirit
after a hard-fought win and
the final upcoming game of
the season.

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To stand out
from the
Spartan Dailys
regular issues,
this top half
of page one
boldly depicts
the theme
topic of drugs.

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These over-
sized column
logos are a
combina$on
of drawings,
photos, and
typogrpahy.

Alternative
image styles
An illustration can be hand
drawn, computer drawn,
manipulated from an
original photo, or a
combination of photos and
hand/computer drawings
to visualize an idea or story.
Securing a bike with
two locks can be
clearly shown with
illustra$on basics

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Visual
explanations
of information
Showing a map, depicting a
process, linking events in a
timeline, providing details
that would make reading in
standard text format
difficult are all reasons to
choose an infographic as a
means of explanation.

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Common types that can be use alone or in combination to add

information to the story they support

Facts list
(items related to the story that are in a list format)

Questions and answers

(interviewing technique for capturing dialogue)

Table

(rows and columns of data made easy to read and compare)

Quiz
(questions and answers related to a story)

Biography

(information about a person's history)

Opinion poll results

(survey response data from people)

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Common types that can be use alone or in combination to add

information to the story they support

Ratings
(opinions of how good or bad something is)

Quotes from sources

(actual words used by people)

Timeline of events
(events depicted over time)

Glossary of terms
(explanation of word meanings)

Sequential list

(show ordered progression of steps)

Series list

(items not requiring a certain order)

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Common types that can be use alone or in combination to add

information to the story they support

Checklist
Questions or guidelines allowing reader to check them off

Fever chart

line chart connecting data points

Bar chart

Rectangles extending to points representing data

Pie chart
visually representing data with parts of a whole

Diagram

depiction of how something works or looks

Map

location and detailed version can work in pairs

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This sidebar is an
infographic with a recipe
and photos.

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Use of white space, a

horizontal column rule and
design elements

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Visual
explanations
of information
Bringing data alive with
graphic emphasis on
numbers arranged in an
interesting layout can
make the information
more accessible.

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1. Photos add visual appeal and they should be used to fill up a page. T or F?
2. If a photographer is adept at using Photoshop then it is ethical to move one element
of the photo to make a better composition without telling the photo editor if it is well
done. T or F?
3. Cropping a photo can either strengthen or weaken its value in storytelling. T or F?
4. Can, or cannot, llustrations can be part of a newspapers visual collection?

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Appendix
Type vocabulary
Instructor
materials

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1. What is the newspaper era we are in now and how is it different from previous ones?
Answer: Redesign era where previous limitations have been lifted regarding
images, type, manipulation, and other techniques to present informations even
beyond print.
2. Information source checking is an important part of trustworthy news reporting. T or
F?
Answer: T
3. Name some advantages of news online.
Answer: post late-breaking news, host multimedia, and expand on content
limited by space in print.
4. What is a QR code and how would you use one?
Answer: encoded images that computers with a camera and appropriate
software can decipher to instantly let a reader see websites or text for more
information. How you use it will be answered in different ways but the main
idea is that it will be to take people to a specific website for more information.
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1. Identify and match 10 newspaper terms to a printed copy of a newspaper

Answer: Depends on specific publications
2. Do any newspapers NOT use skyboxes/teasers?
Answer: yes. Some include the Los Angeles Times and the New York Times.
3. What is a refer?
Answer: A refer is a reference to another story usually including the page
number or location to go to.
4. What is a banner head?
Answer: a headline that runs the across the story and the page.
5. It is common practice for the most important stories to start at the top of the page
and headlines get progressively smaller in font size for stories descending on page. T or
F?
Answer: T

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1. What is a design grid?

Answer: A design grid is an invisible (because it doesn't print) aid to design to
help align elements on a page and from page to page.
2. What is a common number of grid columns for a newspaper?
Answer: A six-column grid is common for newspapers but it's not the only kind of
grid that can be used.
3. A style can be used to make universal changes to type that already has an applied style.
T or F?
Answer: T. It is good practice to assign styles to typography so that changes can
be made to all instances for consistency.
4. Text type will often change from story to story. T or F?
Answer: F. Consistency is part of the publication's brand.
5. What is another name for a publications title?
Answer: logo, nameplate, or flag.
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1. Name at least 5 kinds of headline categories.

Answer: Banner, Kicker, Tripod, Hammer, Raw wrap, Sidesaddle, Slammer,
Standing, Display
2. Which letter represents the best answer to what is a standing head ?
a. A single headline that stands alone on the page
b. A headline that is vertical
c. A headline that is above the story
d. A label that appears with a story
Answer: d.
3. A good headline should be written in a conversational tone. T or F?
Answer: T
4. A deck is a cutline for an image. T or F?
Answer: F. It is an explanatory phrase about the story to further explain the
headline which gets the reader's attention.

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1. Words and pictures working together are powerful story telling elements. T or F?
Answer: T.
2. Name at least five of the roles words play in storytelling.
Answer: Headlines, bylines, story text, subheads, pull quotes, image cutlines,
image credits.
3. Typography plays a major role in the publication's brand identity. T or F?
Answer: T. Publications need their own look and feel for differentiation from the
competition and typography is one design tool as part of the identity. Other
identity elements include use of color, the logo, the grid, folios, photo style,
cutlines and credit lines, bylines, mug shots, and accuracy.
4. Display type is a kind of byline. T or F?
Answer: F. Display type is large and used as or with images for attention.
5. Cutlines are text lines that will be deleted. T or F?
Answer: F. A cutline is another name for a caption and it explains images.
6. Thumbnail layouts are a fast way to design and consider options before using the
computer. T or F?
Answer: T. Hand drawing layouts is a fast way to consider
alternatives before using the computer to finalize the design thinking.
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1. Photos add visual appeal and they should be used to fill up a page. T or F?
Answer: F. Photos do add visual appeal but they should only be used in support
of a story and not for decoration.
2. If a photographer is adept at using Photoshop then it is ethical to move one element
of the photo to make a better composition without telling the photo editor if it is well
done. T or F?
Answer: F. It is not ethical to alter a news photo even if a photographer is good
at Photoshop and/or if an editor is advised of it. The only exceptions are when
the photo is made clearer through tonal adjustments, color balance, and it
should all be discussed with the editors. Any alterations to a photo should be
clear to the reader and labeled as a photo illustration so it is obvious its not an
image of reality as it happened.
3. Cropping a photo can either strengthen or weaken its value in storytelling. T or F?
Answer: T. Cropping is vital to the final presentation. The designer faces
challenges in fitting a photo to the layout and cropping can further help to
make elements fit without sacrificing impact.
4. Can, or cannot, llustrations can be part of a newspapers visual collection?
Answer: They can because they allow visualization of concepts, hard to
photograph depictions, infographics, editorial cartoons, and unique viewpoints.
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1. Bring in print examples of newspapers for class discussion.

2. Go to the publications companion website and note similarities and
differences.
3. Does the website maintain the print brand identity?
4. How much emphasis is placed on visual compared to words?
5. Are there any QR codes in your papers and, if so, do they work?

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1. Bring in print examples of newspapers for class discussion.

2. Identify parts of the newspaper using standard terminology.

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1. Bring in print examples of newspapers for class discussion.

2. Draw what you think is the design grid for the publication and compare it
to each page to verify it.

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1. Bring in print examples of magazines and newspapers for class discussion.

2. Identify as many categories of headlines as possible.
3. How effective are any decks in bridging the headline to the story?
4. Draw a thumbnail layout of a printed page, basically working backwards
from the way its normally done, so you can practice drawing and thinking
about design.

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1. Bring in print examples of newspapers for class discussion.

2. Discuss how a page of ads have shaped the space for a story design.
3. How could you have designed the page differently?
4. How effective are the cutlines for images? Should any of them been written
differently?

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1. Bring in print examples of magazines and newspapers for class discussion.

2. Identify a a photo that could have been cropped tighter for more impact.
3. Show a photo that best supports the story.
4. Did an infographic function well in further explaining a story?

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1. Use the folder of files called InDesign_p3_layout to design a story using the
software publishing program InDesign. The InDesign file, .indd, is compatible with
InDesign CS2 and later versions.
The folder contains the headline, deck, byline, story, photo credits, photos, and the
InDesign page with the ads already place in position on a bottom layer.
You can design the page in a way you think works best but the ads must stay in place
as you see them.

InDesign_p3_layout
(folder contents on CD)
File name

Description of file

SD_p3_CS2.indd
SpartanDaily_p3_layout.png
StoryText.txt
20111119_Football_SJSU_Navy_VM-34.jpg
20111119_Football_SJSU_Navy_VM-40.jpg
20111119_Football_SJSU_Navy_VM-50.jpg

InDesign file to start working on

Small image of the completed page

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All of the text for the story

Photo (cutline is in StoryText.txt)
Photo (cutline is in StoryText.txt)
Photo (cutline is in StoryText.txt)
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For further reading and design observation, consider these websites:

http://www.newseum.org/todaysfrontpages/
Through a special agreement with more than 800 newspapers worldwide, the Newseum displays these front
pages each day on its website. The front pages are in their original, unedited form, and some may contain
material that is deemed objec;onable to some visitors. Discre;on is advised.
http://www.snd.org/
The mission of the Society for News Design is to enhance communica;on around the world through excellence
in visual journalism.

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2D QR code resources (always check for viruses when downloading so<ware)

n
n
n
n
n
n

n
n
n

n
n

h>p://marksprague.wordpress.com/understanding-qr-codes/ wonderful and detailed resource

h>p://mashable.com/tag/qr-codes/ Mashable QR resource
h>p://2d-code.co.uk/qr-code-generators QR code generators
h>p://2d-code.co.uk/ blog concentrated on 2D codes with campaign examples and resources
h>p://blogs.msdn.com/tag/- Examples of MicrosoY Tag (MicrosoY Tag blog)
h>p://www.microso<.com/tag/ Top right of the page (under the search box) list of ar;cles about
MicrosoY Tag use.
h>p://www.beetagg.com/beetaggsystem/default.aspx Bee Tag good explana;on of dierent codes
h>p://www.scanlife.com/us/examples.html - ScanLife excellent library of examples
h>p://www.jagtag.com/market-applicaIons Jag Tag Market Applica;on another collec;on of
examples
QR Code explanaIon video used by Detroit Red Wings promo;on (explana;on video is
on the boHom of the ar;cle)
hHp://mashable.com/2010/02/10/red-wings-qr-codes/
2D Codes opportuniIes for retailers
hHp://www.nellymoser.com/ac;on-codes/qr-codes-retail-stores/retailers-use-of-qr-codes
h>p://uQR.me QRC creaIon so<ware
h>p://qrblaster.com QRC creaIon so<ware

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Appendix
Instructor materials: slide set
with added comments
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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 1
Overview

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Colonial era book style designs (1690>)

Benjamin Harris created Publick Occurrences,

Both Foreign and Domes$c on Sept. 25, 1690
John Campbell, U.S. Postmaser, made the
Boston News-LeSer in 1704

Tradi;onal design era larger format (1850s>)

New York Herald ran two-column headlines

Headline styles: inverted pyramid, step, hanging indent

Op;mum format era evolved design
with beHer technologies available (1937>)
Los Angeles Times and others followed

Redesign era digital allows design ideas
to ourish (now)
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The newsletter was the precursor of the

modern newspaper.

Colonial newspapers were small format and

printed with limited letterpress techniques.

Results were poor and inconsistent quality but

legible.

The printed news was about the Colonies and

England rather than all local news.

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The first newspaper in the Americas was

called Publick Occurrences.

It was formatted like other colonial papers

with wide, single-to-triple columns, and dense
text.

Images were simply decorative elements.

Weeklies became dailies and the text columns
narrowed.

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Virginia
Gazette
Dec. 9,
1775,
colonial
news
Used
metal
type

Single-line
head
Ini$al
drop cap

Front Cover
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Back Cover
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Inside pages

Tim Mitchell

San Franciscos
The Call Post,
Dec.10,
Tombstone
style four-line
1913
heads
Used
metal
type

Unusual, cutout
images (usually
rectangular)
Wallpaper-like
columns of text
Short, 2-column-
inch stories with
small text type

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Page
one

Back Cover
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News organizations depend on more than

print to get out the news .

Once sources are checked, newspapers post

news to their websites, blogs, and other
social media accounts faster and with fewer
space restrictions than in print.

The economic model for profiting from news

on the Internet is not consistently working.

Now designers produce print pages, websites,

and moble apps for viewing news.

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Use digital type,

digital images
(digitally
halftoned into
dots), direct-toplates digital
printing
technology and
full color (when
budget allows)

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Journalists want to be paid for their online

reporting.

Readers like getting access to online

journalism for free.

Some newspapers limit access beyond

headlines and story summaries.

Some trustworthy online news sources have

started to charge for deeper* access to their
content (New York Times newspaper)
* Access beyond a limit of full stories per month from one computer

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Most trusted publications offer a companion

website because readers want it for more
content.

Advantages include posting late-breaking

news, hosting multimedia, and expanding on
content limited by space in print.

There should be a conscious effort to drive

readers to the web for content and, likewise,
to drive them from the web to the print
version.

Avoid starting a story in print and asking the

reader to finish it by reading online.

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Scan and view

Mobile devices are
capable of scanning
these printed symbols
or codes to easily
get the reader to a
specific website.

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Quick Reference codes are encoded images

that computers with a camera and appropriate
software can decipher to instantly let a reader
see websites or text for more information.

When using a QRC also include the humanreadable URL so people without scanning
devices will be able to read and type in the
website from a browser.

Make sure QRCs are high-enough quality and

resolution for the print medium by testing.

Some are free and some cost to generate with

back-end data analytics.

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Other types of two-dimensional codes:

And others that are

part of images and
image borders.

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Some QRCs can be made to work with images

embedded in them for context.

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 2
Terms

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Teasers
Skyboxes on page one that preview content,
point to a page, and entice the reader

Flag
The title of the publication that reinforces the
identity

Sidebar
A separate design element from main stories
that can add peripheral detail and stand apart
from other page elements

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Headline
Large type above or touching the start of the
story that summarizes the article and can even
grab the readers attention

Deck
A follow-on to the headline that explains the
story beyond the headline and before the text
starts the story in detail

Infographic
A visual storytelling informational graphic that
makes it easier to understand details through
maps, diagrams, tables, charts, and text.

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Info-
graphic

Teasers
or
skyboxes
Flag
or
logo
or
nameplate

Deck

Headline

Sidebar

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Text

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Jump
A line of information that says what page to
turn to for a continuation of the story that
should also appear at the start of the continued
portion of the text showing where the story
came from.

Cutoff rule
A line that helps visually separate stories and
information so it doesnt run together

Byline
A credit line identifying the author or authors
and source/s of information

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Photo
An image from a camera that should visually
support the news story without alterations (for
ethical reasons of true news reporting)

Cutline
The images verbal description providing details
like names, places, dates, times, clarifications

Credit
The name of the image maker and affiliation,
also where statements can be made about any
alterations to the image which may cause it to
be called an illustration rather than a photo

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Column rule
A vertical line that helps organize and separate
columns of text of one story from another

Sig
A small, brief label for a regular feature or
column to help the reader understand the
nature of the information (specific news theme,
opinion/commentary, advertisement, etc.)

Text & column

Story information kept with visual zones

Gutter
Space between text columns and outside edge

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Kicker
Jump
or
con?nua?on
line
Cuto rule

GuEer

Text

Column

Byline

Photo

Cutline
Credit
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Column rule
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Refer
A reference to another story or information in
the publication or on a website

Subhead
A secondary level headline that explains groups
of content that follow and helps to visually
break up large amounts of contiguous text

Index
A sorted list of information often used to assist
with navigation through the material and
provide a high-level summary

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Subhead

Refer
reference
to website or
other stories

Index

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Content list
for online
news

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Folio line
A line of type describing the publication with
name, date, page number, section, etc.

Standing Head
A word or phrase defining a section or type of
information as a header from issue to issue

Banner head
A headline whose measure is the page width

Five columns-wide photo

One way to describe the width of a photo
spanning the columns in its story

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Sec?on/ Page
standing number
head
Folio line

Can include pub name, date, page number

Banner head
runs width
of page

Five
columns-wide
photo

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Mug shot
A small photo of a person, usually one column
wide cropped to show mostly the persons head

Pull quote
Emphasized text that pulls out content from a
story to make it more visible and possibly
engage the reader as an entry portal into the
story. It makes type an image element.

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Editorial cartoon
Personal, interpretive imagery on opinion page

Tint screen
The area made up of halftone dots to simulate
a tint of a color instead of full coverage of ink/s.
It should be used carefully to avoid legibility
problems where type is against a background
that is too dark to easily read.

Masthead
The area where staff, contact, and subscription
information is listed.

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Mug shot
Editorial
cartoon

Tint screen
Use carefully
to not impair
legibility
Pull quote
or
liN-out quote

Infographic

Masthead
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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 3
Page layout grids and styles

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Design grids provide a way to maintain

consistent layout placement from page to
page.

Styles provide a way to maintain consistent

typography in the publication.

Both of these design techniques support the

identity of the publication.

An established publication should have

guidelines for use of design grids and styles
for handline type and images consistently.

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The grid is an invisible design structure of the

page that helps make placement of elements
consistent.

Grids can be geometric, organically shaped,

and combined structures for a page.

A publication can use just one grid for all

pages or a combination of grids for different
pages.

There is usually a common grid line for

consistent placement of folios or visual
elements like top and bottom rules.

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Many newspapers use basic grids with five or

six columns.

A six-column grid doesnt mean you always

must design with six columns of text.

For example, a single column of text can span

the width of two grid columns.

A more complex single grid can be used for

many page layouts because of its modularity.

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The grid
is an invisible design
structure of the page
that makes placement
of elements consistent
from page to page.

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This topmost
design grid can be
used to place the
folio line at the
top of each page.

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This design grid

is for three equal
sized columns
evenly spaced
on the page.

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This design grid

is for three equally-
sized columns
not symmetrically
placed on the page.

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This design grid

is for six columns
on the page.

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A page design
based on a
six-column grid
with blue lines
showing the six
columns

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The page
without the grid
lines made visible

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This design grid

is for ve columns on
the page with one
wider column on the
leN and four smaller
and equal columns
to the right.

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This design grid

is for four columns
on the page with two
wider outside columns
and two narrower
centered columns.

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Use consistent applications of fonts for

headlines, text, etc. to maintain the
publications identity.

Publishing software allows the use of styles

that can simply apply complex attributes to
fonts.

Fonts with styles attached to them can be

globally changed by altering the style
parameters. This is much more efficient than
manipulating each instance of a font needing
change.

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This headline used these style settings:

les
ign sty or
s
e
D
n
I
f
ue box
dialog
c
i
s
g ba
settin
ter
charac
s
t
a
form

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This text used these

style settings:

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s
style
sign
e
or
f
D
x
n
I
bo
e
u
g
ic
dialo
g bas
n
i
t
t
e
s
cter
chara s
at
form

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The logo, also called the nameplate or flag,

should be designed to support the
publications identity, be memorable, and
integrate with any skyboxes and news on
page one.

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A modular logo
can be flexible in
arranging page
one layouts.

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More design
variety is
possible with a
modular logo
while retaining
the identity of
the publication.

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 4
Wordsheadlines and decks

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Anchor story: larger type at the start of a

story that summarizes, pulls reader into
story, determines importance of news by
relative page size and page placement

Story importance: stories at bottom of page

should have smaller-sized headline fonts than
at the top

Make it easier for reader to scan page and

determine what to read or read first

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Design to emphasize writing in present tense

with carefully selected verbs

Set type with focus on conversational nature

by breaking lines where phrases and speech
would break or pause

Avoid line breaks with prepositions (of, for, to,

etc.)

Work closely with editor or headline writer to

craft easy to read headlines set in type

Short column-width headlines are difficult to

write and design

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Be aware of previous issues of the publication

design and dont repeat layouts with similar
headline placementsshow variety

Let story content determine where and how

you design the page layout using the
headline, text, images, and cutlines

Design to contain headlines to their stories

and not let adjacent headlines and stories
intermingle

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Banner
Kicker
Tripod
Hammer
Raw wrap
Sidesaddle
Slammer
Standing
Display

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Try different headline styles instead of always

one throughout:
Banner
head
with
deck

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Banner
head
Context
sensitive so
it integrates
the image
and the
meaning
of the head
to reinforce
the message
used sparingly and where appropriate

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Banner
head
Smart and
engaging
headlines
can bring
in readers
and make heads fun to write for less serious
news but use sparingly.

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Kicker
A word
or phrase
leading
into
the head

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Tripod
head
Three
part:
bold with
two-line
adjacent
deck

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Hammer
head
Big and bold
initial word or
phase to get
attention followed
by a supporting
deck in a lighter
weight font

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Raw
wrap
head
A way
to run
the
head
next
to the story instead of across the top and it
helps with modular layouts can be more
than one-column wide

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Sidesaddle
head

SJSU
meterology
future
is mostly
cloudy
This is another way to place a headline
next to its story columns to fit into a
short and wide area of the page.
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Slammer
head
Attention
grabbing
bold word
or phrase
followed by a
explanatory
word or phrase
in non-bold

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Editorial
cartoon
standing
head
This head
is a label for a
cartoon series
about talking
cattle (its
the herd
reference).

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Feature story
display head
Limited use
of special type
treatments can
make concepts
come alive and
intrigue the
reader to look
further.

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Fit the head

to the space

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Succinct writing summarizing the story

with one or more lines of text and using
type that doesnt distort the original font
is ideal.

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Beyond the
headline Decks support the headline by

clarifying and bridging the reader

to the start of the story.

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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 5

Wordsbylines, story text, cutlines, credits

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Words provide content details that images

cannot completely show.

Words and pictures together are best.

Words have different looks and styles
depending on the role they play as headlines,
bylines, story text, subheads, pull quotes,
image cutlines, image credits, folio lines,
advertisements, etc.

Part of the publications identity is established

by consistent style application of typography.

Headlines used as feature-story art, are often

called display type.

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Special
type effects
can lend
visual
interest and
relevance
to feature
stories
using
display
heads.

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Bylines
At the start of a
story is the name
of the author and
his/her affiliation.
Maintaining a
consistent style
brings uniformity
to the presentation.

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Story text
An average font
size for text is
9 to 12 points
with an additional
10% for line space.
Wider column
widths make
reading easier
with added line
space.

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Story text
On a six-column
page grid, threecolumns (nonstandard bastard
measure) can add
visual variety to help
separate stories.
Ads are planned
on a six-column
grid.

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Story text
Paragraphs
are either
indented or
separated
with an
extra line
space but
not both.
Indented
paragraphs
look connected.

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Story text
Indents can be defined in the paragraphs
style palette (InDesign shown here).

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Story text Justification settings vary for

every font, font size, line spacing, and column
measure. Here is just one (InDesign shown here).

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The resulting column

of text is based on the
settings below. No
one solution fits all
situations. Note the
even type color.

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Pull quotes,
subheads
The pull quote
has an indent
hang so the
open quote mark
is to the left of the
optically aligned
left margin of text.
Subheads break
the text op and aid
faster reader comprehension.

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Image cutlines
Captioning images
requires good
writing and editing
skills as there is
not much room
to write.
Write to answer
questions the
reader may have
about the image.

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Image cutlines
Creating a twocolumn cutline
makes for easier
reading when the
image is very
wide.
Cutlines should
use a contrasting
font from the main story text so they wont
run together in a tight-fitting layout.

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Image cutlines
Not all cutlines
need to run
under images
so different
rectangular
image shapes
can be used.
Long horizontal
runs of cutline text can be broken into
columns.

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Image credit
The image
creator is
identified
with an
image credit
in proximity
to the photo
or illustration
and in a
consistent
fashion.

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Image credit
When one person,
or more are
responsible for the
creation of an
image and when
a photo has been
altered from the
original it all needs
to be identified ethically
in the image credit area
so it will not be identified as visually factual.

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Folio lines
On most pages is a line of information that
identifies the publication, issue date, page,
section, etc. Some papers group the info and
others let it run across the top of the page.

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Advertisements
Ads as rectangular
shapes fitting the
six-column grid are
modular and easier
to flow columns
of text around.
These two ads are
placed on the page
before the designer
lays out the news.

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Ad schemes a challenge for story design

Harder to design stories to t open space

Pyramid
or
stepped
ads

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ads

231

Easier to design stories to t open space

Magazine ads

Modular
ads

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Making the words

fit into the layout
Copyfitting can be
challenging and is
like a puzzle to get
the right about of
story text in the
space allotted with
a headline, possible
images, pull quotes,
subheads, cutlines,
and credits.

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Making the words

fit into the space
The story text can be
measured in column
inches, how deep the
text columns run, or
in word count which
publishing software
can determine. The
editor can help deliver
a story to fit or cut
to fit.

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Infographic

Story 1
Modular,
text only

Story 2
Modular,
text +
images

Story elements
to work tegether

Photo

Various design
approaches can be
used like changing
the size and shape
of the images, pull
quotes, head/deck,
adding sidebars, Story 3
Noninfographics and modular,
text only,
even editing the two
short
dog-leg
story copy.
columns
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Bastard
measure
columns
SD logo
added
to keep
story,
above,
modular
in shape

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Layout tactics

All text story

Text story + image

Pyramid
or
stepped
ads

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or
stepped
ads

235

Story, image, quote

Pyramid
or
stepped
ads

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Layout tactics

All text story

Text story + images

Story, images, quote

Short pull quote

inserted between
columns as a text
wrap and
distancing itself
from ads

Well
ads
Lots of words is
visually uninvi$ng

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ads
Photo is lost in ads
at this loca$on

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Well
ads
Poor placement of
dominant photo

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Thumbnail layouts

Thumbnail-sized
layouts are fast and
easy ways to think
about design
solu$ons before
working on the
computer. They
dont need to be
carefully drawn but
good enough to
show details for
work some$mes
done by others.
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Introduction
to Newspaper
Design for Print

Module 6

Imagesphotos, illustrations, infographics

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Two words with similar meanings

A design or representa;on
made by various means

A visual representa;on
of something

A likeness obtained
by use of a camera
A rendering of something done with hand-
drawing tools or with computer soYware
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An explanatory
diagram composed
of photographic
and/or illustra;ve
elements and/or
words
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Showing reality
A good news photo is as important, or more so, than
the words that accompany it. Photos capture a moment
in news history.
There are ethical allowances for adjusting the photo to
reproduce well, like tonal adjustment, color balance, and
cropping (as long as it doesnt cut out something
important or make two adjacent cropped photos look like
they are one, otherwise it requires an obvious illustration
label to avoid confusion with reality.
A photo and its cutline should tell something about the
who, what, where, why, how, and by whom or it shouldnt
be part of the story.

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Altered photos are unethical

Photographs that do not depict an actual event as it
happened have no ethical place in visual news reporting.
News photos are assumed to be historical documents and
once they are published it is almost impossible to erase
the memory of readers.
There are situations in explanatory graphics where photos
can be altered but in all cases they must be identified as
photo illustrations and should not try to fool a reader.
Feature stories also use modified images in an illustrative
fashion to convey concepts but these are clearly credited
as illustrations and photo illustrations. Credits can be
given to each person and what they did to make the
image, like Source photos: Xxxx; Illustration: Xxxx.

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Framing and cropping this

image adds interest,
almost making the banner
a speech balloon from the
protesters mouth.

Showing reality
A good news photo is as
important, or more so,
than the words that
accompany it. It should
be unaltered since it
represents a moment in
news history. There are
ethical allowances for
adjusting the photo to
reproduce well like tonal
adjustment, color
balance, and cropping.

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Unusual
photographic
heights, not
from the
standard 5
feet above the
ground, can
add interest
and further
tell the story.

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Ar;cial light can present problems or can become

one of the elements of photo interest. Note how the
color gradient emanates energy from the stage.
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Depth of eld simplies the

image details so what the
photographer considers
important to the reader is put
into focus.

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In your face
perspec;ve can
be an aHen;on
grabber for an
otherwise
posed shot.

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A viewpoint that can show an

establishing shot of the event is
helpful in a series of images.

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Showing reality
These infographic photos
are organized with a
consistent presenta;on.
The subjects heads are
about the same size.
The rectangles
containing names,
photos and comments
are the same.
The ver$cal space
between photos is
consistent.
The horizontal
alignment of the
subjects eyes is even.

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Cropping reality
This is a rectangular
photo but it could be
cropped to be square
or have a vertical
shape. Each change
will refocus attention
and change the
information the image
brings to the reader.

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Cropping reality
A square crop could
show the football
player going over the
defensive blocker but
in this case it will
remove the height
of his jump and his
athletic prowess. A
tight crop removes
distractions to focus
on the two players
colliding.

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Cropping reality
A vertical crop brings
the viewers focus
closer to the contact
and cuts away more of
the surrounding visual
information. But in this
case it looses info
about the aerial
drama. They could
both be on the ground.

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Cropping reality

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Cropping for horizontal emphasis

shows the diagonals of movement: the
players legs and the angled runners.

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Cropping reality

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Showing the height of the jump, the

bodily trajectory, and implied action
with other players tells a story.

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Multiple images
for storytelling
This story uses three images
to help tell the story of the
football coachs uplifted spirit
after a hard-fought win and
the final upcoming game of
the season.
The dominant, largest photo
is of the coach backed by his
players and the other two
images showcase the last
victorious game. The headline
is related to the dominant
photograph of the coach.

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To stand out
from the
Spartan Dailys
regular issues,
this top half
of page one
boldly depicts
the theme
topic of drugs.
Inside pages
include student
results of an
online survey.

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These over-
sized column
logos are a
combina$on
of drawings,
photos, and
typogrpahy.

Alternative
image styles
An illustration can be hand
drawn, computer drawn,
manipulated from an
original photo, or a
combination of photos and
hand/computer drawings
to visualize an idea or story.
Ethically, an illustrations
credit line should state
thats what it is so there
is no confusion with it being
assumed as a photo of
historical record.

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Securing a bike with

two locks can be
clearly shown with
illustra$on basics

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Visual
explanations
of information
Showing a map, depicting a
process, linking events in a
timeline, providing details
that would make reading in
standard text format
difficult are all reasons to
choose an infographic as a
means of explanation.
In support of the story, this
mul$faceted infographic oers
$ps about locking up bicycles
on campus using a step-by-
step approach with drawings
and a security-cages map.

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Common types that can be use alone or in combination to add

information to the story they support

Facts list
(items related to the story that are in a list format)

Questions and answers

(interviewing technique for capturing dialogue)

Table

(rows and columns of data made easy to read and compare)

Quiz
(questions and answers related to a story)

Biography

(information about a person's history)

Opinion poll results

(survey response data from people)

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Common types that can be use alone or in combination to add

information to the story they support

Ratings
(opinions of how good or bad something is)

Quotes from sources

(actual words used by people)

Timeline of events
(events depicted over time)

Glossary of terms
(explanation of word meanings)

Sequential list

(show ordered progression of steps)

Series list

(items not requiring a certain order)

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Common types that can be use alone or in combination to add

information to the story they support

Checklist
Questions or guidelines allowing reader to check them off

Fever chart

line chart connecting data points

Bar chart

Rectangles extending to points representing data

Pie chart
visually representing data with parts of a whole

Diagram

depiction of how something works or looks

Map

location and detailed version can work in pairs

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This sidebar is an
infographic with a recipe
and photos that can bring
readers in touch with the
food of Passover if they
want to make it
themselves.

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Use of white space, a

horizontal column rule and
design elements that dier
from the six columns of type
can make an infographic
stand out without need for
background $nt screens and
ruled boxes.
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Visual
explanations
of information
Bringing data alive with
graphic emphasis on
numbers arranged in an
interesting layout can
make the information
more accessible.
Use of large type and visuals
invites the reader to dive into the
presenta$on of data.

This boSom sec$on captures
comments leX by some
respondents, adding to the
quan$ta$ve informa$on above.

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