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    Hamierul Mohamad
    Cross section techniques involve generating vertical slices through geological maps to show subsurface structure. They are useful for solving structural problems, supplementing maps, and siting boreholes. Stereonet techniques plot dip and strike data on a polar stereographic projection, making it easier to construct contours representing geological structures like hills and mountains. To determine discontinuities survey data, a geological compass is used to collect data on orientation, roughness, and other properties of fractures in rock. Scanline surveys are another method that involves preparing data sheets before measuring discontinuities in the field.

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    Question and Discussion

    Uploaded by

    Hamierul Mohamad
    249 views2 pages
    Cross section techniques involve generating vertical slices through geological maps to show subsurface structure. They are useful for solving structural problems, supplementing maps, and siting boreholes. Stereonet techniques plot dip and strike data on a polar stereographic projection, making it easier to construct contours representing geological structures like hills and mountains. To determine discontinuities survey data, a geological compass is used to collect data on orientation, roughness, and other properties of fractures in rock. Scanline surveys are another method that involves preparing data sheets before measuring discontinuities in the field.

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    Cross section techniques involve generating vertical slices through geological maps to show subsurface structure. They are useful for solving structural problems, supplementing maps, and siting boreholes. Stereonet techniques plot dip and strike data on a polar stereographic projection, making it easier to construct contours representing geological structures like hills and mountains. To determine discontinuities survey data, a geological compass is used to collect data on orientation, roughness, and other properties of fractures in rock. Scanline surveys are another method that involves preparing data sheets before measuring discontinuities in the field.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    249 views2 pages

    Question and Discussion

    Uploaded by

    Hamierul Mohamad
    Cross section techniques involve generating vertical slices through geological maps to show subsurface structure. They are useful for solving structural problems, supplementing maps, and siting boreholes. Stereonet techniques plot dip and strike data on a polar stereographic projection, making it easier to construct contours representing geological structures like hills and mountains. To determine discontinuities survey data, a geological compass is used to collect data on orientation, roughness, and other properties of fractures in rock. Scanline surveys are another method that involves preparing data sheets before measuring discontinuities in the field.

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    of 2

    7.

    0 QUESTION AND DISCUSSION


    (1) Give two (2) methods to draw the structural geology data and discuss based on what situation we choose
    that method
    (each method).

    a)

    Cross Section Techniques


    This kind of technique is generated from geological maps and can be seen as vertical slices

    through a map area showing a profile view of subsurface structure. Cross-sections are either trial sections,
    drawn to solve structural problems, or are drawn to supplement a fair copy map or illustrate a report. They
    are also drawn to site boreholes in the search for a lost aquifer or ore body. The geological cross sections
    drawing are not a small or trivial undertaking and methods for their generation have become sophisticated.
    This is because we are trying to make interpretations about the geometry of features (e.g. bedding, faults) at
    depth on the basis of surface geometries. Some aid in this regards may exist in the form of borehole or
    geophysical data. However, this is often the exception and skills should be tuned for cross section
    construction without such subsurface information.

    30

    A cross section of the map


    b)

    Dip and strike of a bedding plane

    Streonet Techniques
    In this technique, all circles on the sphere plot as circles on the plane, making it easier to

    construct the projection. The projection is conformal, meaning that angles and small shapes on the sphere
    project are true on the plane. Each projection represents the important data in the map so the contour can be
    made. Small regions on the sphere project true on the plane, making the stereographic a good map
    projection for small areas, but radial distortion increases away from the tangency point.

    (2) Explain the type of geological structure plotted in the stereonet with the aid of diagram.

    According to the geological structure that has been plotted in this experiment by the stereonet, we
    can determine the earth geographysuch as the hill, mountain and many other earth surface that represent by
    the contour. There are several datas that required in this experiment such as the dip directions and dip
    angles in the geological map. It can be plotted on polar stereonet which dip direction and dip degree is being
    used. In this experiment, we have 120 datas to be plotted. Using the tracing paper, we have plotted 120
    dotes on it which is requires focus on the plotting work or else the result will be slightly unaccurate base on
    the datas. After the datas were plotted, there are groups of plotted dotes then calculated. After that, another
    tracing paper was used to plot the contour. By using this kind of plotting contour method, the slope stability
    and the failure of slope can be determined. The failure of slope is whether planar, wedge, circular or toppling.

    (3) Explain the methodology to determine the discontinuities survey data.


    Discontinuities can be defined as any form of mechanical breaks or fractures within a rock mass
    which can cause tensile strength across the fracture planes to approach zero or even lower. To determine the
    discontinuities survey data, we need to collect some data and assuming some parameters in order to
    measure he discontinuities. To collect such data, the best tool is the geological compass. Collecting datas by
    using geological compass is a better method because it can save a lot of time while using other method that
    wasting much time on calculation to find the data needed. There are another kind of method to determine the
    discontinuities which called Scanline Survey. Before conducting this job, there is some preliminary
    preparation before we do the right procedure smoothly. The discontinuities survey data sheet is prepared
    which is containing all of the data that we need to measure on the site.

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