Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 117 views

    Buffering Agent

    Uploaded by

    s.sabapathy
    Buffering agents are weak acids or bases that are used to maintain the pH of an aqueous solution after additions of acids or bases. They work by reacting with added acids or bases to minimize changes to pH. Common buffering agents include calcium carbonate in paper and phosphates in fertilizers and the human body. They are important in many applications such as agriculture, food processing, medicine, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Buffering Agent

    Uploaded by

    s.sabapathy
    117 views3 pages
    Buffering agents are weak acids or bases that are used to maintain the pH of an aqueous solution after additions of acids or bases. They work by reacting with added acids or bases to minimize changes to pH. Common buffering agents include calcium carbonate in paper and phosphates in fertilizers and the human body. They are important in many applications such as agriculture, food processing, medicine, and more.

    Original Description:

    buffers

    Original Title

    Buffering Agent (1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Buffering agents are weak acids or bases that are used to maintain the pH of an aqueous solution after additions of acids or bases. They work by reacting with added acids or bases to minimize changes to pH. Common buffering agents include calcium carbonate in paper and phosphates in fertilizers and the human body. They are important in many applications such as agriculture, food processing, medicine, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    117 views3 pages

    Buffering Agent

    Uploaded by

    s.sabapathy
    Buffering agents are weak acids or bases that are used to maintain the pH of an aqueous solution after additions of acids or bases. They work by reacting with added acids or bases to minimize changes to pH. Common buffering agents include calcium carbonate in paper and phosphates in fertilizers and the human body. They are important in many applications such as agriculture, food processing, medicine, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Buering agent

    For an aqueous solution composed of both a weak acid case where the concentrations of the weak acid and its salt
    or base and its conjugate, see Buer solution. For uses are equal. If an added strong base halves the [HA] ([HA]
    not related to acid-base chemistry, see Buer.
    decreases to [HA]0.5[HA]), then [A ] will increase by
    [A ]+0.5[A ] since every molecule of HA that dissociates forms one molecule of [A ]. Thus the pH will be
    A buering agent is a weak acid or base used to maintain the acidity (pH) of a solution near a chosen value raised by a factor of log3 or 0.5 pH units (when the original [HA] and [A ] are equal):
    after the addition of another acid or base. That is,
    the function of a buering agent is to prevent a rapid
    ( )
    change in pH when acids or bases are added to the so[A ]
    lution. Buering agents have variable propertiessome pH = pKa + log [HA]
    are more soluble than others; some are acidic while oth(
    )
    molA
    ers are basic. As pH managers, they are important in
    pH = pKa + log
    many chemical applications, including agriculture, food
    molHA
    (
    )
    processing, biochemistry, medicine and photography.
    molA + 0.5molA
    pHnew = pKa + log
    molHA 0.5molHA
    (
    )
    n + 0.5n
    pHnew = pKa + log
    1 Overview
    n 0.5n
    (
    )
    1.5n
    A buering agent can be either a weak acid or weak base. pHnew = pKa + log
    0.5n
    Buering agents are usually added to water to form a
    (
    )
    [A ]original
    buer solution, which only slightly changes its pH in repHnew = pKa + log
    + log (3)
    sponse to other acids and bases being combined with it,
    [HA]original
    particularly a strong acid or a strong base. Another ex- Thus, if originally the pK = 7 and [HA] = [A ], then the
    ample is buered aspirin which has a buering agent, pH will be changed from 7.0 to 7.5 after addition of a
    such as MgO or CaCO3 , that will help maintain the bal- strong base that halves [HA] and adds a half to [A ]. If
    ance between the acid H-A (protonated) and the salt A a similar addition of 0.001 mol NaOH is made to 1L of
    (deprotonated) forms of aspirin as it passes through the non-buered water, the pH would change from 7 to 11.
    acidic stomach of the patient. The H-A form of aspirin
    is a covalent molecule and is more absorbed by the stomach lining, leading to irritation. The antacid properties
    3 Examples
    of these buering agents help to maintain the balance toward the salt form by reducing the amount of stomach
    3.1 Agriculture
    acid (HCl) which protonates the salt form, A .
    Monopotassium phosphate (MKP) is an example of a
    buering agent. It has a mildly acidic reaction; when ap2 Mechanism of action
    plied as a fertilizer with urea or diammonium phosphate,
    it minimizes pH uctuations which can cause nitrogen
    The way buering agents work can be seen by calculat- loss and simultaneously provides potassium nutrient.
    ing how little the pH of buer solutions will change after addition of a strong acid or a strong base, whereas
    the same addition would signicantly change the pH of a 3.2 Humans
    non-buered solution. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch
    equation we get an equilibrium expression between the Buering agents in humans, functioning in acid base
    acid and conjugate base in terms of the log of the ratio of homeostasis, are extracellular agents (e.g., bicarbonate,
    the acid to conjugate base (the salt of the acid). The con- ammonia) as well as intracellular agents (includcentrations of the weak acid and its salt can change sig- ing proteins and phosphate). A dilute mixture of
    nicantly, but the log of their ratio will not. The resulting monosodium phosphate and disodium phosphate can be
    pH of this combination can be found by using Le Chate- made to approach physiological pH and can serve as an
    liers principle. For a simple numerical example, take the agent for phosphate loading or colonic lavage.
    1

    3.3

    Paper

    Calcium carbonate is frequently added to paper to ensure


    that it resists the eect of acids in the environment and
    does not prematurely age.

    3.4

    Shampoos and detergents

    Most shampoos are buered so that they are slightly


    acidic. The buer counteracts the alkalinity of soap. If
    either of these substances become too acidic or too alkaline, they could damage fabric, and/or skin and hair.

    See also
    Buer solution
    Goods buers

    References
    Atkins, Peter; Jones, Loretta (2005). Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight (Third ed.). New York:
    Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-5701-X.
    Harris, Daniel C. (2003). Quantitative Chemical
    Analysis (Sixth ed.). New York: Freeman. ISBN
    0-7167-4464-3.

    REFERENCES

    Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

    6.1

    Text

    Buering agent Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffering_agent?oldid=693021461 Contributors: Charles Matthews, Angilbas,


    GreatWhiteNortherner, GeoGreg, Bender235, Bobo192, Giraedata, Keenan Pepper, Lectonar, Marudubshinki, SchuminWeb,
    Physchim62, Huw Powell, RussBot, Gaius Cornelius, Ozzykhan, Yu Yevon, Edgar181, Chris the speller, Bluebot, Acdx, Zeamays, Beetstra, .Koen, Cydebot, Trevyn, King harvest, NReitzel, Leyo, Stan J Klimas, Mikael Hggstrm, Minder42, Mindboom, Laburke, ClueBot,
    Karlhendrikse, Jeremyb650, Addbot, Ronhjones, NortyNort, Allaboutimages, ClueBot NG, Amirmeiri, Helpful Pixie Bot, Ice9ontheRocks
    and Anonymous: 32

    6.2

    Images

    6.3

    Content license

    Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy