+

amdg
EVIDENCE
School of Law and Governance
University of Asia & the Pacific
Prof. Eugenio H. Villareal
2nd Semester, SY 2016-2017
Rule 128, General Provisions, Sections 1 and 2
Nature of evidence; distinguished from proof
Constitutional basis - Article VIII, Section 5 (5)
Factum probandum v. factum probans
Evidentiary rules in the Constitution and other laws,
procedural issuances
* Bill of Rights, Article III, Sections 2 and 3 (unlawful
search and seizures) (privacy of communication and
correspondence)
* Bill of Rights, Article III, Section 12 (inadmissible
confessions and admissions)
* Bill of Rights, Article III, Section 17 (right v. selfincrimination)
Gutang v. People, G.R. No. 135406, 11 July 2000
Marcelo v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 109242, 26 July 1999
Hoffman v. United States, 34 U.S. 479, 71 S.Ct. 814, 95
L.Ed.
1118 (1951)
People v. Lauga, 615 SCRA 548 (2010)
Anti-Wire-Tapping Act (RA 4200)
Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004, Sections 9
and 10, in relation to Section 3 (h)
Rule on Electronic Evidence, 2001
Confidentiality Rule in Adoption Cases (Section 18, A.M.
02-6-02-SC)
Rule on Examination of a Child Witness (Sections 6 to
32, A.M. No. 00-4-07)
Rule on DNA Evidence (A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC)
Vallejo Standard - People v. Vallejo, 382 SCRA 192
Applicability of constitutional search norm - Lucas v.
Lucas,
G.R No. 190710, 06 June 2011
Precautionary Principle, Rule 20, and Documentary
Evidence, Rule 21,
Rules
of
Procedure
for
Environmental Cases (A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC).
Suppletory or analagous application in administrative or
quasi-judicial proceedings (Section 4, Rule1)

GSIS, et al. v. Dinah Villaviza, et al., G.R. No. 180291,

27 July 2010.
First United Construction Corp. v. Valdez and Aldea,
G.R. No.
154108, 10 December 2008.

Kinds of Evidence
Object (real), documentary, testimonial
Relevant, material, competent
Direct and circumstantial
Cumulative and corroborative
Prima facie and conclusive
Primary and secondary
Positive and negative
Expert evidence
Preponderant evidence (Rule 133, Section 1 - for civil
cases)
Equipoise rule - Yuchengco, et al. v. Sandiganbayan,
G.R. No.
149802, 20 January 2006.
(Also applies to criminal cases - Abarquez v. People,
G.R. No.
150762, 20 January 2006)
* evidence that is beyond reasonable doubt (Rule 133,
Section 2 - for criminal cases) (cf. on inconsistencies,
no universal application of falsus in uno, falsus in
omnibus, which deals with the weight of evidence,
People v. Pacis, et al., L-32957-58, 25 July 1984)
* clear and convincing evidence (for charges to be
filed against judges - Pesole v. Rodriguez, A.M. No.
755-MJ, 31 January 1978)
* substantial evidence - Rule 133, Section 5.
Biak-na-bato Mining Co. v. Tanco, etc., et al., L-3426768, 25
January 1991.
Rule 128, Sections 3 and 4
Admissibility of evidence
Relevancy of evidence
Knapp v. State, 168 Ind. 153, 79 N.E. 1076 (1907)
People v. Yatco, 97 Phil. 940 and Prats Co. vs. Phoenix
Assurance, 52 Phil. 807 (conditional and multiple
admissibility)

* Notion of curative admissibility - American rule,

English rule, and
Massachusetts rule (subject always
to constitutional limitations: Moncado Peoples Court, 80
Phil. 1 versus Stonehill v. Diokno, L-19550, 19 June 1967)
* Collateral matters - basis for inference as to the
existence or non-existence of facts in issue
Nuez v. Cruz-Apao, A.M. No. CA-05-18-P, 12 April 2005 ephemeral electronic communication
People v. Enojas, et al., G.R. No. 204894, 10 March 2014 testifying on text
messages in criminal cases
Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud, 469 SCRA 469
MCC Industrial v. Ssangyong , G.R. No. 170633, 17 October
2007

Rule 129, Sections 1- 3 (What Need Not Be Proved)

Mandatory judicial notice
Discretionary judicial notice
When hearing necessary for judicial notice
*judicial notice of laws versus of ordinances
*judicial notice of court records, pending cases
*judicial notice of government agencies and practices
*judicial notice of foreign laws
Universal Textile Mills v. CIR, 36 SCRA 619
Baguio v. De Jalagat, 42 SCRA 337 (finality of judgment in
case once pending)
Land Bank of the Philippines v. Yatco Agricultural
Enterprises, G.R. No. 172551, 15 January 2014
Board of Liquidators v. Ricma Trading, 29 SCRA 397
People v. Mapa, 220 SCRA 670
Heirs of Felicidad Canque v. CA, G.R. 119184, 21 July 1997
People v. Bersamin, L-3098, 05 March 1951
G Holdings, Inc. v. National Mines and Allied Workers, G.R
No. 160236, 16 October 2009
Vi Ve Chemical Products Products v. Commisioner of
Customs, 60 SCRA 52
Fluermer v. Hix, 54 Phil. 610
Phil. Commercial & Industrial Bank v. Escolin, etc. et al., L67896, 29 March 1974
Sy Joc Lieng v. Encarnacion, 16 Phil. 137
* Consider in regard to proving foreign law - Sections 24
and 25, Rule 132 (Presentation of Evidence) and Section
46, Rule 130 (Rules of Admissibility)
3

* Doctrine of Processual Presumption

Collector of Internal Revenue v. Fisher, L-11622, 28 January
1961
Manufacturers Hanover Trust v. Guerrero, G.R. 136804, 19
February 2003
Wildvalley Shipping v. CA, G.R. No. 119602, 06 October
2000
ATCI Overseas v. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, 11 October 2010
Jordan v. Mace, 144 Mo. 351, 609 A.2d 670 (1949)
Jao v. CA,152 SCRA 359 (1987)
People v. Madera, 57 SCRA 349 (1974)
People v. Dumananon, 348 SCRA 461 (2000)
Gener v. De Leon, 367 SCRA 631 (2001)
Republic v. CA, 277 SCRA 633(1997)
Marcelo Steel v. CA, 60 SCRA 167 (1974)
People v. Bernabe, 370 SCRA 142 (2001)
In re Siemens Estate, 346 Pa. 610, 31 A.2d 280, 153 ALR
483 (1943)
In re Marriage of Tresnak, 297 NW 2d 109 (1980)
Ohio Bell Tel. Co. v. Public Utilities Commission of Ohio, 301
US 292, 57 S. Ct. 724, 81 L. Ed. 1093 (1937)
Catungal v. Hao, G.R. No. 134972, 22 March 2001
Corinthian Gardens v. Spouses Tanjangco, G.R. No. No.
160795, 27 June 27
2008
Social Justice Society v. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052, 13
February 2008
Latip v. Chua, G.R. No. 177809, 16 October 2009
Rule on DNA Evidence (A.M. No. 06-11-5-C)
People v. Vallejo, G.R. No. 144656, 09 May 2002
Estate of Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, 17 December 2007
(read with Agustin v. Hon. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No.
162571, 15 June
2005)
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. 190710, 06 June 2011
Rule 129, Section 4 (Judicial Admissions)
* versus admissions by an adverse party (Section 3, Rule
26)
* relate to Section 8, Rule 8
* relate to Article 1431, New Civil Code

Cuenco v. Talisay Tourist Sports Complex, G.R. No. 174154,

17 October 2008
Toshiba Information v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue,
G.R. No. 157594,
09 March 2010
Ching v. CA, G.R. No. 110844, 27 April 2000
Sps. Antazo v. Doblado, et al., G.R. No. 178908, 04 February
2010
PLDT v. Robert Pingol, G.R. No. 182622, 08 September
2010
Theresita, et al., all surnamed Dimaguila v. Jose and Sonia
Monteiro, G.R. No.
201011, 27 January 2014

Rule 130 (Rules of Admissibility)

Rule 130, Section 1
*object as evidence
*autoptic proference
*ocular inspection
*demonstrative evidence
*experiment results
*silent witness theory
*motion pictures
*photographs
*paraffin test
*chain of custody
U.S. v. Tan Teng, 23 Phil. 145
U.S. v. Ong Siu Hong, 36 Phil. 735
Phil. Movie Pictures Workers Association v. Premiere
Productions, Inc., 92 Phil. 843
Balian v. General Motors, 121 N.J. Super. 118, 296 A.2d 317
(1972)
People v. Bowley, 59 Cal. 2d 855, 31 Cal. Rptr. 471, 382 P. 2d
591 (1963)
Jose v. CA, G.R. No. 118441, 18 January 2000
Tangan v. CA, 373 SCRA 119
People v. Amestuzo, G.R. No. 104383, 12 July 2001
Maturillas v. People, G.R. No. 163217, 18 April 2006
Reyes v. CA, G.R. No. 180177, 18 April 2012
People v. Freddie Ladip, G.R. No. 196146, 12 March 2014
People v. Hermanos Constantino, Jr., G.R. No. 199689, 12
March 2014,
People v. Abetong, G.R. No. 209785, 04 June 2014 (Chain of
Custody)
Rule 130, Section 2
5

* documentary evidence
* functional equivalent

Rule on Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC)

MCC v. Ssangyong, 17 October 200, supra
NAPOCOR v. Codilla, G.R. No. 170491, 04 April 2007
Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud, 469 SCRA 469
Aznar v. Citibank NA, G.R. No. 170633, 519 SCRA 287
Ang v. CA, 618 SCRA 593
People v. Enojas, et al., G.R. No. 204894, 10 March 2014
Rule 130, Sections 5 to 7
*Best Evidence Rule
*original of a document
*Secondary evidence
*requirement of high-intensity or diligent search
*order of preference - acceptable types of secondary
evidence
*when original document is in custody of adverse party
*calling for document; not bound to offer
*evidence admissible if original is public record
Theresita, et al., all surnamed Dimaguila v. Jose and Sonia
Monteiro, G.R. No.
201011, 27 January 2014
Atienza v. Board of Medicine, G.R. No. 177407, 09 February
2011
Edsa Shangrila v. BF Corporation, G.R. 145842, 27 June
2008
Chua Gaw v. Chua G.R. No. 160855, 16 April 16 2008
Citibank NA v. Sabeniano, 504 SCRA 378 (2006)
Ebreo
v.
Ebreo,
483
SCRA
583
(2006)
DECS v. del Rosario, G.R. No. 146596, 26 January 2005
Asuncion v. NLRC, 362 SCRA 56
Government v. Martinez, 44 Phil. 817
Paylago v. Jarabe, 22 SCRA 1247
Baroda v. State Bank v. Peck, 209 NW 827
Municipality of Victorias v. CA, 149 SCRA 32 (1987)
Rodelas v. Aranza, 119 SCRA 16 (1982)

Rule 130, Section 9

*Parol Evidence Rule
*definition of parol evidence
6

*application to contracting parties and privies; application

to stranger
*collateral/integrated and unintegrated agreements
*ambiguity/imperfection
*falsa demonstratio non nocet cum de corpore constat
*relate to Articles 1359 to 1368, 1443, New Civil Code
Augustin v. Ziemer, 211 Minn. 565, 22 N. W. 2d 925 (1946)
Lechugas v. CA, 143 SCRA 335 (1986)
Martin v. Setter, 184 Minn. 457, 239 N.W. 219, 80 A.L.R.
471 (1931)
Robles v. Lizarraga Hermanos, 50 Phil. 387
Mitchell v. Lath, 247 N.Y, 377, 160 N.E. 646, 68 A.L.R. 239
(1928)
Laureano v. Kilayco, 34 Phil. 148
Yu Tek v. Gonzales, 29 Phil. 384
Palanca v. Fred Wilson & Co., 37 Phil. 506
ACI Phil.Inc. v. Coquia, G.R. No. 174466, 14 July 2008
Seaoil Petroleum Corporation v. Autocorp Group,
G.R. No.164326,17 October 2008
Marquez v. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, 25 August 2010
Lequin v. Sps. Vizconde, 603 SCRA 407 (2009)
Read: Farnsworth, E. Allan, Meaning in Contracts, 76 Yale
Law Journal 939
Rule 130,
Contracts)

Sections

10

19

(Interpretation

of

* relate to Articles 1370 to 1379, as well as Articles 788 to

794, New Civil Code.
Rule 130, Sections 20 to 24 (Testimonial Evidence
Qualification of Witnesses)
*competency
*rule on disqualification of class of persons
* oath as a pre-qualification/waiver of oath
* mental incapacity/immaturity
* Rule on Examination of Child Witness (A.M. No. 00-407SC)
* Disqualifications
Marriage - spousal immunity versus marital privilege
(Section 24[a])
Dead Mans Statute
Insanity of adverse party
Privileged communication
Spousal privilege
7

Attorney-client (contrast with work product doctrine)

Physician-patient - but read together with Rule 28
(physical and mental examination of a person)
Priest-penitent
Public officer
* journalists privilege not to reveal source (RA 53, as
amended by RA 1477)
* information and statements at labor conciliation
proceedings (Article 233,
Labor Code)
* secrecy of the ballot
* trade secrets (cf. Articles 291 and 292, Revised Penal
Code)
* bank deposits/bank secrets
* Judicial privilege
* Government privilege
* right against self-incrimination, supra
* RA 6981 (Witness Protection Security and Benefit Act)
* Filial privilege (Section 25 below)
Washington v. Texas, 388 U.S. 14, 18 L.Ed 2d 1019(1987)
United States v. Looper, 419 F.2d 1405 (1969)
People v. Tuangco, G.R. No. 130331, 22 November 2000
People v. Golillim, G.R. No. 145225, 02 April 2004
People v. Canete, G.R. 491920, G.R. No. 491920, 28 March
2003
People v. Zheng Bai Hi, 338 SCRA 420 (2000)
Sunga-Chan v. Chua, G.R. No. 143340, 15 April 2001
Sanson v. CA, G.R. No. 127745, 22 April 2003
Ziegler v. Moore, 75 Nev. 91, 335 P.2d, 425
Zulueta v. CA, G.R. No. 107383, 20 February 1996
People v. Francisco, 78 Phil. 694
Regala v. Sandiganbayan, 262 SCRA 122 (1996)
People v. Sandiganbayan, 275 SCRA 505 (1997)
Barton v. Leyte Asphalt & Mineral Oil Co., 46 Phil. 938
Mercado v. Vitriolo, AC 5110, 26 May 2005
Krohn v. CA, 233 SCRA 146 (1994)
Gonzales v. CA, G.R. No. 117740, 30 October 1998
Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 286 (1995)
Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability, G.R. No.
180643, 25 March 2008
Per Curiam Supreme Court Decision in connection with the
letter of the House Prosecution Panel to subpoena Justices
of the Supreme Court (dated 14 February 2012)
Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board, 142 SCRA 523 (relate to
RA 1405)
Air Philippines v. Penswell, G.R. No. 172835, 13 December
2007
8

Hoffman v. United States, 341 U.S. 479, 71 S. Ct. 814, 95 L.

Ed 1118
Gutang v. People, 335 SCRA 479 (2000)
Rule 130, Section 25 to 35
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

parental and filial privilege

Article 215, Family Code
admissions
admission versus declarations against interest
confessions - Section 33
offer of compromise
Good Samaritan rule
admission by a third party
res inter alios acta alteri nocere non debet
admission by co-partner or agent
admission by a conspirator
admission by privies
admission by silence
previous conduct/similar acts
propensity evidence
unaccepted offer; relate to tender of payment (Article
1256, New Civil Code; also the law on consignation)

People v. Invencion, G.R. No. 131636, 05 March 2003

Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, 13 July 2010
People v. Gaudia, 423 SCRA 520 (2004)
People v. Lising, 285 SCRA 595 (1998)
People v. Muit, G.R. No. 181043, 08 October 2008
Republic v. Bautista, 532 SCRA 598 (2007)
People v. Sabagala, 366 SCRA 618 (2001)
People v. Satorre, G.R. No. 133858, 12 August 2003
Boston Bank v. Manalo, 482 SCRA 109 (2006)
People v. Bernal, G.R. No. 113685, 19 June 1997
Dallas Railway and Terminal v. Farnsworth, 148 Tex. 584,
227 S.W. 2d 1017
People v. Villacorte, G.R. No. 172468, 15 October 2008
People v. Erguiza, G.R. No. 171348, 26 November 2008
Tamargo v. Awigan, G.R. No. 177727, 19 January 2010
Bank of Commerce v. Manalo, G.R. No. 158149, 09 February
2006
Lejano v. People/People v. Hubert Jeffrey Webb, et al., G.R.
Nos. 176389 and 176864, 14 December 2010
Rule 130, Sections 36 - 47 (The Hearsay Rule)
* definition of hearsay
* verbal or non-verbal (conduct, assertive or non-assertive)
9

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

independently relevant statement

double/multiple hearsay
negative hearsay
Section 28, Rule on Examination of Child Witness
dying declarations
declaration against interest
pedigree/family history
res gestae in general
verbal acts
excited utterances
present sense impressions
declaration of present state of mind
declaration of present physical condition
business entries
official records
commercial lists
learned treatises
former testimony on deposition
other exceptions
- circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness
- ancient documents (aside from the exception to the
Authentication Rule)
- prior judgments as evidence of facts supporting them

Comilang v. Burcena, 482 SCRA 342 (2006)

Phil. Free Press v. CA, 473 SCRA 639 (2005)
Patula v. People, G.R. No. 164457, 11 April 2012
Richmond v. Anchuelo, 04 Phil. 596
Silver v. New York Central Railroad, 329 Mass. 14, 105 N.E.
2d 923
People v. Cusi, 14 SCRA 944 (1965)
Republic v. Heirs of Alejaga, 393 SCRA 361 (2002)
Resolution on the Motion for Reconsideration - Estrada v.
Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, 03 April 2001
People v. Aguel, L-365554, 19 May 1980
Bedol v. COMELEC, 606 SCRA 554 (2009)
People v. Tabarnero, G.R. No. 168169, 24 February 2010
People v. Serenas, 622 SCRA 485 (2010)
Parel v. Prudencio, 19 April 2006
People v. Bernal, 274 SCRA 197 (1997)
Tison v. CA, 276 SCRA 582
People v. Alegado, 201 SCRA 37 (1991)
People v. Pruna, 390 SCRA 577 (2002)
Jison v. CA, 286 SCRA 495 (1998)
Maturillas v. People, G.R. No. 163217, 18 April 2006

10

DBP Pool of Accredited Insurance Companies v. RMN, 480

SCRA 314 (2006)
People v. Villarama, 397 SCRA 306 (2003)
Schmidt v. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., 243 Iowa 1307, 55
N.W. 2d 227
People v. Ner, 28 SCRA 1151 (1969)
United States v. Napier, 518 F.2d 316 (9th Cir. 1975); 423
U.S. 895, 96 S. Ct. 196, 46 L.Ed 2d 128
Security Bank v. Gan, G.R. No. 150464, 27 June 2006
Nestle Phils. v. FY Sons, 489 SCRA 624 (2006)
Tarapen v. People, 563 SCRA 577 (2008)
Barcelon Roxas Securities v. CIR, 498 SCRA 126 (2006)
Canque v. CA, 305 SCRA 579 (1999)
MERALCO v. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 127598, 22 February
2000
Estrada v. Desierto, 365 SCRA 108 (2001)
Africa v. Caltex, 16 SCRA 448 (1966)
Rule 130, Section 48 to 50 (Opinion Rule)
*fact-opinion dichotomy
*expert opinion
* concurrent expert evidence - hot-tub method
* lay opinion
* collective facts rule
Domingo v. Domingo, G.R. No. 150897, 11 April 2005
Tijing v. CA, 345 SCRA 17, relate to (other) DNA cases,
supra
ISAAA v. Greenpeace (and related cases), G.R. No. 209271,
08 December 2015
Jimenez v. Commission on Ecumenical Mission, etc., 383
SCRA 326 (2002)
People v. Duranan, 349 SCRA 181 (2001)
Virginia Ry. & Power Co. v. Burr, 145 Va. 338, 133 S.E. 776
Hernandez v. Juan-Santos, 595 SCRA 464 (2009)

Rule130, Section 51 (Character Evidence), Rule 132,

Section 14
* in criminal cases
* in civil cases
* impeaching or rehabilitating credibility of witness when
evidence of good character allowed
People v. Lee, G.R. 139070, 29 May 2002
CSC v. Belagan, 440 SCRA 578 (2004)
People v. Deopita, 436 SCRA 794
Considerations 11

(2000)

Special

Rule on Examination of Child Witness (A.M. No. 00-04-07SC)

Rape Shield - RA 8505 (Rape Victim Assistance and
Protection Act, 1998)
History of abusive conduct in regard to applications for
protection order (RA 9262, in relation to A.M. No. 04-1011-SC, Rule on Violence against Women and their
Children, 15 November 2004)
People v. Canete, G.R. No. 491920, 28 March 2003
Obedencio v. J. Murillo, 422 SCRA 21 (2004)
People v. Baring, 374 SCRA 696 (2002)
Rule 131 (Burden of Proof and Presumptions)
*
*
*
*
*

onus probandi (burden of proof)

burden of proof versus burden of producing evidence
nature of presumption
conclusive and disputable presumptions
presumption of negligence - res ipsa loquitur

Manonsong v. Estimo, G.R. No. 136773, 25 June 2003

Datalift Movers v. Belgravia Realty, G.R. No. 144268, 30
August 2003
Davao Light and Power v. Operia, 477 SCRA 58 (2005)
Bautista v. Sarmiento, L-45137, 29 September 1985
People v. Navaja, G.R. No. 104044, 30 March 1993
Manila Bay Club v. CA, 249 SCRA 303 (1995)
People v. Sendaydiego, and related cases, L-33252-54, 20
June 1978
DM Consunji v. CA, 357 SCRA 249 (2001)
Ramos v. CA, 321 SCRA 584 (1999)
Estate of Ong v. Diaz, 540 SCRA 480 (2007)
Del Carmen v. Bacoy, G.R. No. 173870, 25 April 2012
People v. Caranto, G.R. No. 193768, 05 March 2014

Rule 132 (Presentation of Evidence)

* Examination of witnesses (Sections 1 to 18)
* open court and under oath, on record
* Judicial Affidavit Rule (A.M. No. 12-8-SC)
* direct examination
* cross-examination; English rule versus American rule
* re-direct examination
* re-cross examination
* leading and misleading questions
12

* witness credibility
* impeachment of adverse partys witness - evidence of
past crimes or misconduct
* evidence of subsequent acts
* non-impeachment ones own witness, except pars. d
and e, Section 10, Rule 132
* witness impeached by prior inconsistent statements
* evidence of good character, supra
* referral to memorandum - revival of present memory,
revival of past recollection
* Authentication and proof of documents (Sections 19 to 33)
* public documents
* private documents
* reply letter rule
* ancient private document
* proving genuineness of handwriting
* proof of official record
* irremovability of public record
* alterations in document
* documentary evidence in unofficial language
* Offer and objection (Sections 34 to 40)
* offer of evidence; when
* objections
* continuing objection
* striking out answer
* general v. specific objection
* waiver of objection
* tender of excluded evidence
* Newly-discovered evidence (Rule 121, Sections 2[b] and
6[b])
* Demurrer to evidence (Rule 33, Section 1, and Rule 119,
Section 23)
Rosete v. Lim, 490 SCRA 125(2006)
People v. J. Ayson, 175 SCRA 216 (1989)
Capitol Subdivision v. Prov. of Negros Occ., 99 Phil. 633
Dans, Jr. v. People, 285 SCRA 505
Chua Gaw v. Gaw, G.R. No. 160855, 16 April 2008
Canque v. CA, supra
People v. Plasencia, 249 SCRA 674
People v. Sherwin Bis, G.R. No. 191360, 10 March 2014
Suerte-Felipe v. People, G.R. No. 170974, 03 March 2008
Siguan v. Lim, 318 SCRA 725 (1999)
Antillon v. Barcelon, 37 Phil. 148
Lopez v. CA, 81 SCRA 153 (1978)
Security Bank v. Triumph Lumber, 301 SCRA 537 (1999)
Anstine v. McWilliams, 24 Wash. 2d 230, 163 P.2d 816
Malayan v. Phil. Nail and Wires, 380 SCRA 374 (2002)
13

Heirs of Lacsa v. CA, 197 SCRA 234 (1994)

Sanson v. CA, 401 SCRA 349 (2003)
Mariano v. Roxas, 385 SCRA 500 (2002)
Lazaro v. Agustin, 618 SCRA 298 (2010)
Patula v. People, G.R. No. 164457, 11 April 2012
Pan Pacific v. CA, 482 SCRA 164 (2006)
Delfin v. Billones, 485 SCRA 38 (2006)
Cruz v. Cristobal, G.R. No. 140472, 07 April 2006
People v. Yap, 229 SCRA 787 (1994)
Bloodgood v. Lynch, 293 NY 308, 56 N.E. 2d 718 (1944)
Faden v. Estate of Midcap, 112 Colo. 573, 152 P.2d 682
16Atlas Consolidated v. CIR, G.R. No. 159490, 18 February
2008
Dizon v. CA, G.R. No. 140944, 30 April 2008
Cruz-Arevalo v. Layosa, A.M.-RTJ-06-2005, 14 July 2006
People v. Godoy, 250 SCRA 676 (1995)
Luzon Hydro v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No.
188260, 13 November 2013
Design Resources International v. Eristingcol, G.R. No.
193966, 19 February 2014
Process; Perpetuation
Examinations

of

Testimony;

Discovery;

* Rule 21 (Subpoena)
* Rule 23 (Depositions pending action, de bene esse)
* Rule 24 (Depositions before action or pending appeal, in
perpetuam rei memoriam )
* Rule 25 (Interrogatories)
* Rule 26 (Admission by adverse party)
* Rule 27 (Production and inspection of documents or
things)
* Section 10, Rule 116 (Production or inspection of material
evidence in possession of prosecution)
* Sections 12, Rule 116 (Examination of witness for accused
before trial)
* Section 13, Rule 116 (Examination of defense witness)
* Section 15, Rule 116 (Examination of witness for the
prosecution)
* Rule 28 (Physical and mental examination of persons)
Rule 133 (Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence)
*
*
*
*

burden of proof
Equipoise Rule
English Exchequer rule
circumstantial evidence
14

* preponderance of evidence
* proof beyond reasonable doubt
* extra-judicial confession; corroborated by corpus delicti
for conviction
* circumstantial evidence
* substantial evidence
* power of the court to stop further evidence
evidence on motion
Land Bank v. Oate, G.R. 192371, 15 January 2014
Laborte v. Pagsanjan, G.R.183860, 15 January 2014
Raymundo v. Lunaria, G.R. No. 171036, 17 October 2008
Go v. CA, 351 SCRA 145, at p. 152 (2001)
Sabili v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 193621, 24 April 2012
People v. Teehankee, 249 SCRA 54 (1995)
New York Life Insurance v. McNeely, 52 Ariz. 181, 79 P.2d
948
People v. Quizon, G.R. No. 142532, 18 November 2003
People v. Coderes, 414 SCRA 134 (2003)
People v. Lorenzo, 240 SCRA 625 (1995)
People v. Base, 329 SCRA 158 (2000)
Rimorin v. People, G.R. No. 142532, 18 November 2003.
Zabala v. People, G.R. No. 210760, 26 January 2015
Grade Computation
Recitation/Quizzes
Mid-Terms
Finals

30%
30%
40%.

15