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    Bab 5 f5

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    Ismaliza Ishak
    Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic variation in three main ways: 1. It allows for the mixing of genetic material from two parents during fertilization, resulting in offspring that have a unique combination of genes not found in either parent. 2. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material through crossing over, resulting in new combinations of alleles. 3. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis leads to the production of gametes with random combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes, further increasing genetic variation in offspring.

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    Bab 5 f5

    Uploaded by

    Ismaliza Ishak
    51 views13 pages
    Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic variation in three main ways: 1. It allows for the mixing of genetic material from two parents during fertilization, resulting in offspring that have a unique combination of genes not found in either parent. 2. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material through crossing over, resulting in new combinations of alleles. 3. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis leads to the production of gametes with random combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes, further increasing genetic variation in offspring.

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    Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic variation in three main ways: 1. It allows for the mixing of genetic material from two parents during fertilization, resulting in offspring that have a unique combination of genes not found in either parent. 2. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material through crossing over, resulting in new combinations of alleles. 3. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis leads to the production of gametes with random combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes, further increasing genetic variation in offspring.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views13 pages

    Bab 5 f5

    Uploaded by

    Ismaliza Ishak
    Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic variation in three main ways: 1. It allows for the mixing of genetic material from two parents during fertilization, resulting in offspring that have a unique combination of genes not found in either parent. 2. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material through crossing over, resulting in new combinations of alleles. 3. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis leads to the production of gametes with random combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes, further increasing genetic variation in offspring.

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    of 13

    Thursday, 18 August 2016

    SIRI SOALAN RAMALAN SPM 2016 (2/10) - Causes of Variation


    Here is the next one:

    Q: Observe the picture above. Briefly discuss how sexual


    reproduction contributes to genetic variation (6 marks)

    Revise the notes for crossing over here, and Mendel Law here. Perfect score is given due to

    concise sentence

    having flow

    relevant points

    SOALAN RAMALAN KBAT BIOLOGI SPM 2015 - Kajian Sel Stem

    Prologue - Will this be our future due to stem cell research & cloning?

    Memorising Technique - Mendel's First Law


    To memorise this, use ASK technique:

    A - allele
    S - separate
    K - (k)combine
    Here are the complete explanation:

    Seems easy enough. Unfortunately SPM question is not this simple. The question would ask you
    to apply this law in the schematic diagram given to you, especially concerning genetic diseases .
    We discuss about this later.

    SOALAN RAMALAN 2015 + KBAT (Soalan Struktur) - Diabetes Mellitus

    Here is the graph of diabetic person being admitted to clinic and administered hormone injection
    at time X.

    REMINDER
    At this level, you should use the term 'hydrolyse' instead of 'digest' or 'break down' for the
    chemical digestion process.
    RESPECTO.
    You might also like:

    SOALAN RAMALAN 2015 + KBAT (Soalan Struktur) Analysing ...


    SOALAN RAMALAN KBAT 2015 + TEKNIK MENJAWAB :
    Gastric ...
    SOALAN RAMALAN KBAT BIOLOGI SPM 2015 - Kajian
    Sel Stem
    SOALAN RAMALAN KBAT 2015 - Plant's Macronutrients
    and ...
    Linkwithin
    Posted by Cikgu Heery at 12:48 5 comments:
    Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest
    Labels: bio f5 chpter 3, bio f5 chpter 5, disease-related questions, soalan HOTS/KBAT, soalan
    struktur, spotted Q, teknik menjawab

    Thursday, 20 March 2014


    MADEASY - Understanding Rhesus Factor in 1st & 2nd Birth
    I have a lot of request from teachers/students about how to explain the rhesus factors in
    mother/embryo in 1st & 2nd birth. This post is my reply:
    First, the question would be something like this:

    A mother has Rh(-). Explain why her 1st-born


    Rh(+) baby has no problem but the 2nd-born
    Rh(+) baby does.
    For the 1st born, look at the diagram below:

    As you can see, mother is Rh(-) and the baby indeed Rh(+). Let's use Rh(-) as the 'bad guy' (
    ) and Rh(+) as the 'good guy' ( ). As usual the bad guy will attack the good guy.
    But here, nothing happen because mother's immune system has yet to produce 'weapon'
    (antibody) to attack the baby's 'target' (antigen). In other words, mother's immune system is
    simply not ready.
    Now, let's see what happen in the 2nd-born baby with similar Rhesus factor:

    You realize the bad guy (mother) already produced the 'weapons'. This time, the mother's
    immune system is ready with full antibody. As a result, the baby's Rh(+) is attacked, causing
    harm to the baby.
    This condition is known as erythroblastosis fetalis.
    It killed most babies before the Industrial Ages. Thanks to the modern medicine, we have ways
    to prevent this from happening...
    Congratulations! Now this topic poses no hindrance to you. We shall meet later near the 2014
    SPM exam to discuss the right techniques to answer this type of questions -and tonnes of funduring my big seminar this year in FRIM. Wish you well in your study! :-)

    Haemophilia - Tips on Essay Questions


    Paper 2 Section B is the most dreaded part of them all. Here is a quick tips on how you are
    going to tackle them, once and for all! :-)

    PART 1: 3 SIMPLE TIPS


    1) Have flow in your answers
    The examiners want to see how good you are in putting down your answers. The key is the flow.
    That's why you should use A LOT OF CONJUNCTIONS - such as firstly, secondly, after that,
    besides, subsequently, finally, and so forth...
    9

    2) Short & Relevant sentence


    Remember KISS? - keep it short and simple. Don't burden the examiner with long and repetitive
    sentence. Their job is to find points in your answer in order to reward you with marks. Help them
    out by writing down short and

    relevant sentence.

    Short means not more than 10 words per sentence.

    Relevant means the sentence should answer the question by delivering at least one
    keyword with proper description if required (keywords are the terms with bold
    typeface which you can find in the textbooks)

    3) 1 Mark = 1 Sentence
    The examiner will find your point through sentence by sentence. So, ONE sentence is all you
    need to obtain one full mark. So, a 10-marks question means that you have to write at least 10
    sentences. You can write more than that if you want to, providing you have the spare time to do
    so :-)

    REMINDER:
    Remember PDF in Series 10? It is basically the same thing. Let's revise the technique:

    P(Point) - similar with keywords

    D(Description) - describe the keywords

    F(Full sentence) - short yet concise sentence

    PART 2: EXAMPLE OF A PERFECT


    ANSWER

    10

    Let us analyze the answers:

    This is a 4-marks questions, which means you should have 4 sentences

    Can you see the blue circles? Those are the conjunctions :-)

    Can you see the red circles? Those are the keywords :-)

    Can you see the red lines? Those are the descriptions for the keywords.

    PART 3: SUMMARY:
    In Paper 2 Section B, all you need to do when answering the question is to...

    Write one short sentence to get one mark...

    11

    Make sure you have at least 1 (more is better) keyword in


    your sentence.

    Make sure the keywords are described (if needed).

    Connect the sentences with conjunctions.

    BIOLOGY 2013 FORECAST SERIES 5 - 8 Terms You Must Know in


    Inheritance Topic

    Inheritance topics (F5 Chapter 5) if you still cannot


    comprehend its 8 terms. Let see if you can enkindle your ability to recall these terms
    You can't master the

    below.

    1. INHERITANCE
    The study of passing the characters from one generation to the next

    2. CHARACTER VS TRAITS
    Character : Certain features controlled by the gene (ex. height)
    Traits : Specific characters (ex. tall/short)

    3. MONOHYBRID VS DIHYBRID CROSS


    Mono: Study of one character only
    Di: Study of two characters
    12

    4. GENE
    BUOI - Basic Unit of Inheritance

    5. ALLELE
    The pair of genes in the homologous chromosomes - Tt, GG, Hh, KK, Ll, bb, dd, Ww, HH

    6. DOMINANT VS RECESSIVE GENE


    Dominant gene: The desirable gene showing its character whenever it exists, showed with
    capital letters
    Recessive gene: The hidden gene only shows its character when dominant gene is absent - in
    lower-case letters.

    7. GENOTYPE VS PHENOTYPE
    Genotype: The 3 coding of gene pairs using alphabets (GG, Gg, gg)
    Phenotype: The physical manifestation due to the genotype

    8. HOMOZYGOTE VS HETEROZYGOTE
    Homo: Allele containing similar pair of genes (HH, KK,mm, ee, HH, gg)
    Hetero: Allele containing different pair of genes (Hh, Kk, Mm, Ee, Hh, Gg)

    13

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