Abs FJ

CH-65
CHASSIS BRAKE
JBRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM

(ABS with EBD, Brake Assist, TRC, A-TRC, and VSC)
1. General
The brake control system has the following functions:
: Standard OP: Option
Function
Outline
Equipment
ABS
(Anti-lock Brake System)
The ABS helps prevent the wheels from locking when the brakes are
applied firmly or when braking on a slippery surface.
EBD
(Electronic Brake force
Distribution)
The EBD control utilizes the ABS, realizing the proper brake force
distribution between front and rear wheels in accordance with the
driving conditions.
In addition, during braking while cornering, it also controls the brake
forces of right and left wheels, helping to maintain the vehicle
behavior.
Brake Assist
The primary purpose of Brake Assist is to provide an auxiliary brake

force to assist a driver who cannot generate a large brake force during
emergency braking, thus helping improve the vehicles brake
performance.
TRC
(Traction Control)
TRC helps prevent the drive wheels from slipping if the driver
presses the accelerator pedal excessively when starting off or
accelerating on a slippery surface.
A-TRC
(Active Traction Control)
When the A-TRC switch is turned on with the transfer shift lever in
the L4 or LL position, the A-TRC operates.
A-TRC controls the engine output and the brake hydraulic pressure
that is applied to the slipping wheel, and distributes the drive force
that would have been lost through the slippage to the remaining
wheels in order to achieve an LSD effect.
OP*
VSC
(Vehicle Stability Control)
The VSC helps prevent the vehicle from slipping sideways as a result
of strong front wheel skid or strong rear wheel skid during cornering.
CH
*: Models with rear differential lock are also equipped with A-TRC.
NM
07D1E
CH-66
CHASSIS BRAKE
2. Drive Modes
Drive Modes and Each Function
The functions of the various drive modes are shown in the following table:
" Full-time 4WD Models (M/T) A
f: Operate
Brake Control
Drive Mode
4WD
ABS
EBD
Brake
Assist
TRC
A-TRC
VSC
HL
f*2
Rear Diff. Free
f*3
Rear Diff. Lock*1
f*4
LL
*1: Models with Rear Diff. Lock *2: Engine output is not regulated.
*3: When the A-TRC switch is turned on.
*4: When the A-TRC switch is turned on and vehicle speed is 6 mph (10 km/h) or less.
" Part-time 4WD Models (A/T) A
f: Operate
Brake Control
Drive Mode
2WD
H2
H4
4WD
L4
ABS
EBD
Brake
Assist
TRC
A-TRC
VSC
f*2
f*3
f*4
f
Rear Diff. Free
Rear Diff.
Lock*1
f
-
f
f
f
f
-
*1: Models with Rear Diff. Lock *2: Engine output is not regulated.
*3: When the A-TRC switch is turned on.
*4: When the A-TRC switch is turned on and vehicle speed is 6 mph (10 km/h) or less.
NM
07D1E
CHASSIS BRAKE
CH-67
Rear Diff. Lock Mode (Models with Rear Diff. Lock)

When the rear differential is locked, the operation of ABS, Brake Assist, TRC/A-TRC, and VSC will be
halted and the ABS warning light, the VSC OFF indicator light and the slip indicator light turn ON.
Center Diff. Lock Mode (Full-time 4WD Models with Manual Transmission)
When the transfer shift lever is in the HL position, VSC operation will be halted and the VSC OFF indicator
light will turn ON.
H4 Mode (Part-time 4WD Models with Automatic Transmission)
When the transfer shift lever is in the H4 position, VSC are halted and the VSC OFF indicator light turns
ON.
CH
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CH-68
CHASSIS BRAKE
3. System Diagram
Hydraulic Brake Booster
Speed Sensors (4)
Pump Motor
Parking Brake Switch
Motor Control
Relays
Solenoid
Valve Relay
Stop Light Switch
Control Solenoid Valves (8)
Park/Neutral Position
Switch Assembly*1
A.D.D. Detection Switch*1
Transfer Indicator Switch
(L4 Position Switch*1)
(Center Diff. Lock
Detection Switch*2)
(LL Position Switch*2)
Switching Solenoid Valves (4)

Skid Control
ECU
Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor

Accumulator Pressure Sensor
A-TRC Switch*3
Brake Fluid Level Warning Switch

Diff. Lock Indicator
Switch*3
VSC Warning Buzzer
ECM
CAN
Combination Meter Assembly

ABS Warning Light
Brake System Warning Light
Steering Angle
Sensor
VSC TRC Warning Light

VSC OFF Indicator Light
Yawrate Sensor
Assembly
Slip Indicator Light
DLC3
A-TRC Indicator Light*3
*1: Models with Automatic Transmission

*3: Models with Rear Diff. Lock
*2: Models with Manual Transmission

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CHASSIS BRAKE
4. Outline of EBD Control

General
The EBD control distributes the braking force in accordance with the vehicles driving conditions. The Skid
Control ECU electrically controls the control solenoid valves to distribute the braking force.
D Braking force distribution is divided into two main categories: one is to the front and rear wheels, and
the other is to the right to left sides (braking while cornering).
Front/Rear Wheel Brake Force Distribution
If the brakes are applied while the vehicle is moving straight forward, the transfer of the load reduces the
weight that is applied to the rear wheels. The Skid Control ECU determines this condition by way of the
signals from the speed sensors, and the brake actuator regulates the distribution of the brake force of the
rear wheels to optimally control braking operation.
For example, the amount of the brake force that is applied to the rear wheels during braking varies whether
or not the vehicle is carrying a load. The amount of the brake force that is applied to the rear wheels also
varies in accordance with the extent of the deceleration.
Thus, the distribution of the brake force to the rear is optimally controlled in order to effectively utilize the
braking force of the rear wheels under these conditions.
CH
" EBD Control Concept A
Ideal Brake Force Distribution

Ideal Brake Force Distribution
Rear
Brake
Force
Rear
Brake
Force
Front Brake Force
Front Brake Force
Without Load in Rear
With Load in Rear
07D0CH27C
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CHASSIS BRAKE
Right/Left Wheel Brake Force Distribution (During Cornering Braking)

When the brakes are applied while the vehicle is cornering, the load that is applied to the inner wheel
decreases as the load applied to the outer wheel increases.
The Skid Control ECU determines this condition by way of the signals from the speed sensors, and the brake
actuator regulates the brake force in order to optimally control the distribution of the brake force to the inner
and outer wheels.
: Brake Force
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5. Outline of Brake Assist

D The Brake Assist, in combination with ABS, helping improve the vehicles brake performance.
D The Brake Assist interprets a quick push of the brake pedal as emergency braking. It supplements the brake
power applied if the driver has not stepped hard enough on the brake pedal. In emergencies, drivers,
especially inexperienced ones, often panic and do not apply sufficient pressure to the brake pedal.
D A key feature of Brake Assist is that the timing and the degree of braking assistance are designed to help
ensure that the driver does not discern anything unusual about the braking operation. When the driver
intentionally eases up on the brake pedal, the Brake Assist reduces the amount of assistance it provides.
D Based on the signals from the master cylinder pressure sensor, the Skid Control ECU calculates the speed
and the amount of the brake pedal application and then determines the intention of the driver to perform
emergency braking. If the Skid Control ECU determines that the driver intends emergency braking, the
system activates the brake actuator to increase the brake fluid pressure, which increases the braking force.
D When the vehicle is fully loaded, stronger brake force may be required, even if the brakes are not applied
quickly. In such a case where stronger brake force is required, the Brake Assist also increases brake force.
" In case that the drivers pedal application force is small when applying emergency braking A
Master Cylinder
Pressure Sensor
Signal
CH
Skid Control
ECU
The fluid pressure is increased
by the brake actuator.
With Brake Assist
D13N67
Without Brake Assist*
D13N68
*: The basic performance of the brakes is the same as of the model with the Brake Assist.
With Brake Assist

Braking Force
Without Brake Assist
Time
07D0CH28C
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CH-72
CHASSIS BRAKE
6. Outline of TRC
D If the driver presses the accelerator pedal aggressively when initially accelerating or when accelerating
on a slippery surface, the drive wheels could slip due to the excessive amount of torque that is generated.
By applying hydraulic brake control to the drive wheels and regulating the throttle to control the engine
output, TRC helps minimize the slippage of the drive wheels, thus helping to apply the drive force that
is appropriate for the road surface conditions.
D For example, a comparison may be made between two vehicles, one with TRC and the other without. If
the driver of each vehicle operates the accelerator pedal in a rough manner while driving over a surface
with different surface friction characteristics, the drive wheel on the slippery surface could slip as
illustrated. As a result, the vehicle can not start accelerating smoothly.
However, when the vehicle is equipped with TRC, the Skid Control ECU instantly determines the state
of the vehicle and operates the brake actuator in order to apply the brakes to the slipping drive wheel.
Furthermore, the ECM receives the signals from the Skid Control ECU and regulates the throttle in order
to control the engine output. Thus, TRC can constantly help the driver to maintain stability while
accelerating.
" Driving condition on road with different surface friction characteristics A
: Slippery Surface
Regulating the throttle to control
the engine output
Excessive driving force causes
the drive wheels to slip
ECM
Without TRC
With TRC
Skid Control ECU
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7. Outline of A-TRC (For Models with Rear Diff. Lock)

General
When the transfer shift lever is L4 or LL position and A-TRC switch is turned on, the A-TRC helps restrain
wheelspin by controlling the brake fluid pressure that is applied to the spinning wheels, and distributes the
drive force that would have been lost through the slippage to the remaining wheels in order to achieve an
effect that is similar to LSD.
D It independently controls the brake hydraulic pressure to the four wheels in accordance with the extent
of the slippage at the wheels, as detected by the Skid Control ECU.
" With A-TRC A
Braking
Traction
Snowy or Icy
Surface
Driving
Torque
Engine
Driving Torque
Actuator Portion
Snowy or Icy
Surface
CH
Driving Torque
Skid Control
ECU
Braking
Traction
A-TRC Switch
0240CH28C
" Without A-TRC A

Snowy or Icy
Surface
No Traction
Engine
Driving Torque
Driving Torque
No Traction
Snowy or Icy
Surface
0240CH29C
Effectiveness of A-TRC
The effectiveness of A-TRC is as follows:
D Off-road drivability that is equivalent to having the center differential locked and limited slip
differentials on both front and rear has been realized.
D This function makes the operation of the differential lock switches basically unnecessary to ensure the
ease of driving.
D A-TRC allows for drivability benefits similar to those of locked differentials, while still allowing for the
vehicle to be steered at low speeds, without the binding that would normally be associated with locked
differentials.
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CH-74
CHASSIS BRAKE
8. Outline of VSC
General
The followings are two examples that can be considered as circumstances in which the tires exceed their
lateral grip limit.
The VSC is designed to help control the vehicle behavior by controlling the engine output and the brakes
at each wheel when the vehicle experiences one of the conditions indicated below.
D When the front wheels lose grip in relation to the rear wheels (understeer - front wheel skid tendency).
D When the rear wheels lose grip in relation to the front wheels (oversteer - rear wheel skid tendency).
151CH17
Front Wheel Skid Tendency
189CH100
Rear Wheel Skid Tendency
Method for Determining the Vehicle Condition

1) General
To determine the condition of the vehicle, sensors detect the steering angle, vehicle speed, vehicles yaw
rate, and the vehicles lateral acceleration, which are then used by the Skid Control ECU for calculations.
2) Determining a Front Wheel Skid
Whether or not the vehicle is experiencing a front
wheel skid is determined by the difference
between the target yaw rate and the vehicles
actual yaw rate.
When the vehicles actual yaw rate is smaller than
the target yaw rate (a target yaw rate is determined
based on the vehicle speed and steering angle) that
should be rightfully generated when the driver
operates the steering wheel, it means the vehicle
is making a turn at a greater angle than the target
locus of travel.
Thus, the Skid Control ECU determines that there
is a large front wheel skid tendency.
Actual Locus of Travel

(Actual Yaw Rate)
Locus of Travel
Based on the
Target Yaw Rate
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CHASSIS BRAKE
3) Determining a Rear Wheel Skid
Whether or not the vehicle is experiencing a rear
wheel skid is determined by the values of the
vehicles slip angle and the vehicles slip angular
velocity (time-dependent changes in the vehicles
slip angle). When the vehicles slip angle is large,
and the slip angular velocity is also large, the Skid
Control ECU determines that the vehicle has a
large rear wheel skid tendency.
Direction of Travel
of the Vehicles
Center of Gravity
Slip Angle
Movement of Vehicle
07D0CH31C
CH
VSC Operation Methods

1) General
When the Skid Control ECU determines that the vehicle exhibits a tendency to front wheel skid or rear
wheel skid, it decreases engine output and applies the brake to a front or rear wheel to control the vehicles
yaw moment.
The basic operation of the VSC is described below. However, the control method may differ depending
on the vehicles characteristics and driving conditions.
2) Dampening a Strong Front Wheel Skid
When the Skid Control ECU determines that there
is a large front wheel skid tendency, it attempts to
counteract the tendency based on the extent of that
tendency. The Skid Control ECU controls the
engine power output and applies the brakes of the
front outside wheel (the outside of the turn) and
rear wheels in order to restrain the front wheel skid
tendency.
Control Moment
Braking
Force
Braking
Force
Braking
Force
Making a Right Turn
07D0CH32C
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CHASSIS BRAKE
3) Dampening a Strong Rear Wheel Skid

When the Skid Control ECU determines that there
is a large rear wheel skid tendency, it attempts to
counteract the tendency based on the extent of that
tendency. It applies the brakes of the front and rear
outer wheels (the outside of the turn), and
generates an outward moment of inertia in the
vehicle, in order to restrain the rear wheel skid
tendency. Along with the reduction in the vehicle
speed caused by the braking force, excellent
vehicle stability is ensured.
In some cases, the Skid Control ECU applies the
rear brakes, as necessary.
Control Moment
Braking Force
Braking Force
170CH07
Making a Right Turn
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CHASSIS BRAKE
9. Layout of Main Components

Skid Control ECU
Brake Fluid Level Warning
Switch
Rear Speed Sensor
Rear Speed
Sensor
CH
Front Speed Sensor
Front Speed Sensor
07D0CH33C
A-TRC Indicator Light
ABS Warning Light

VSC Warning
Buzzer
Steering Angle
Sensor
DLC3
Stop Light Switch
A-TRC Switch (For Models

with Rear Diff. Lock)
Yawrate Sensor Assembly (For Models with
Automatic Transmission)
Yawrate Sensor Assembly (For Models with
Manual Transmission)
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CHASSIS BRAKE
10. Function of Main Components
Hydraulic
Brake
B t
Booster
Combination
Meter
Assembly
Component
Function
Skid Control ECU
Judges the vehicle driving condition based on signals from

each sensor, and sends brake control signals to the control
solenoid valves and switching solenoid valves.
Brake Actuator Portion

Pump Motor
Assists with the brake pedal effort applied to the brake

pedal.
Changes the brake fluid path based on the signals from the
skid control ECU during the operations of the ABS with
EBD, Brake Assist, TRC, A-TRC, and VSC, in order to
control the fluid pressure that is applied to the wheel
cylinders.
Solenoid Valve Relay
Supplies or cuts off power to control solenoid valves and

switching solenoid valves.
Motor Control Relays (2)
Supplies or cuts off power to pump motor.
Detects the master cylinder pressure.
Detects the accumulator pressure.

Switch
Detects the brake fluid level.
ABS Warning Light
When the Skid Control ECU detects a malfunction and

determines that the ABS, EBD, or brake assist is not
available, the ABS warning light comes on to alert the
driver.
When the rear differential is locked, the ABS warning light
comes on to inform the driver that the ABS is not available.
(Models with Rear Differential Lock)
When the Skid Control ECU detects a malfunction and

determines that the EBD is not available, the brake system
warning light comes on along with the ABS warning light to
alert the driver.
When the skid control ECU detects a malfunction and

determines that the TRC, A-TRC, or VSC is not available, the
VSC TRC warning light comes on to alert the driver.

determines that the VSC is not available, the VSC OFF and
slip indicator lights come on to alert the driver.
When the rear differential is locked, the VSC OFF indicator
light lights up to alert the driver. (Models with Rear Diff.
Lock)
When the center differential is locked, the VSC OFF
indicator light lights up to alert the driver. (For Models with
M/T)
When the transfer shift lever is H4 position, the VSC OFF
indicator light lights up to alert the driver. (For Models with
A/T)
(Continued)
NM
07D1E
CH-79
CHASSIS BRAKE
Combination
Meter
Assembly
Component
Function

determines that the VSC is not available, the VSC OFF and
slip indicator lights come on to alert the driver.
When the TRC, or A-TRC is operated, slip indicator light
blinks to inform the driver.
When the rear differential is locked, the slip indicator light
lights up to alert the driver. (Models with Rear Diff. Lock)
When the transfer shift lever is L4 or LL position and
A-TRC switch turns off, the slip indicator light lights up to
alert the driver. (Models with Rear Diff. Lock)
A-TRC Indicator Light*1
When the A-TRC switch turns on and the transfer shift lever
is L4 or LL position, and the A-TRC indicator light lights up
to inform the driver.
Speed Sensors (4)
Detects the wheel speed and rotating direction of each of four

wheels.
Steering Angle Sensor
Detects the steering direction and steering angle of the

steering wheel.
Yawrate Sensor Assembly
Detects the vehicles yaw rate.

Detects the vehicles acceleration in the forward, rearward,
and lateral.
VSC Warning Buzzer
The VSC warning buzzer has three types of sounds.

The buzzer sounds intermittently to inform the driver that
the VSC are actives.
The buzzer sounds intermittently to inform the driver if the
temperature of the hydraulic brake booster has increased
excessively due to the continuous operation of the TRC or
A-TRC.
The buzzer sounds continuously to alert the driver that the
hydraulic pressure of the accumulator in the hydraulic
brake booster has decreased, and that the brake pressure
supply system in malfunctioning.
Stop Light Switch
Detects the brake pedal depressing signal.
Parking Brake Switch
Detects the parking brake signal.
A-TRC Switch
The A-TRC switch allows the driver to turn A-TRC on or off.
Transfer Indicator Switch (Rear Diff. Lock

Detection Switch)*1
Detects the condition of the rear differential lock.
Transfer Indicator Switch (Center Diff. Lock

Detection Switch)*2
Detects the condition of the center differential lock.
Transfer Indicator Switch (LL Position Switch)*2
Detects the LL condition of the transfer.
*1: Models with Rear Diff. Lock.
CH
*2: Models with Manual Transmission.

(Continued)
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07D1E
CH-80
CHASSIS BRAKE
Component
Function
A.D.D. Detection Switch (Models with

Automatic Transmission)
Detects the condition of the A.D.D..
L4 Position Switch (Models with Automatic

Transmission)
Detects the L4 condition of the transfer.
ECM
Sends the throttle valve angle signal, accelerator pedal

position signal, engine speed signal, and intake air
temperature signal to the Skid Control ECU.
Receives an engine output adjustment command signal
from the Skid Control ECU. Based on this signal, the ECM
operates the throttle valve to control engine output.
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CH-81
CHASSIS BRAKE
11. Hydraulic Brake Booster

General
The hydraulic brake booster consists of a brake pressure supply portion, brake pressure application portion,
and brake control portion.
D The brake pressure supply portion is a pump & pump motor, relief valve, reservoir tank, brake fluid level
warning switch, accumulator, and accumulator pressure sensor.
D The brake pressure application portion is a master cylinder & brake booster and master cylinder pressure
sensor.
D The brake control portion is a Skid Control ECU, 4 switching solenoid valves, and 8 control solenoid
valves.
Accumulator
Master Cylinder & Brake Booster
Reservoir Tank
Switch
CH
Skid Control ECU
Pump & Pump Motor

Relief Valve

273GX35
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CHASSIS BRAKE
Component
Brake Pressure
Portion
Brake Pressure
Application
Portion
Function
Pump & Pump Motor
Draws up the brake fluid from the reservoir tank and

provides high hydraulic pressure to the accumulator.
Accumulator
Stores the hydraulic pressure that was generated by the

pump. The accumulator is filled with high-pressure nitrogen
gas.
Monitors the hydraulic pressure of the accumulator and

outputs this signals for the pump motor control.
Relief Valve
Returns the brake fluid to the reservoir tank to prevent

excessive pressure if the pump operates continuously due to
a malfunction of the accumulator pressure sensor.
Reservoir Tank
Stores the brake fluid.

Switch
Detects the low brake fluid level.
Master Cylinder & Brake

Booster
Generates the hydraulic pressure that is provided to the

wheel cylinders during normal brake.
Regulates the accumulator pressure in accordance with
the pedal effort that is applied to the brake pedal and
introduces this pressure to the booster chamber in order to
provide a power assist to the brakes.
Master Cylinder Pressure

Sensor
Detects the master cylinder pressure and outputs this signal

to the Skid Control ECU.
Switches the brake hydraulic path when the brake control

system is activated.
Controls the hydraulic pressure that is applied to the wheel

cylinders during brake control.
Skid Control ECU
Judges the vehicle driving condition based on signals

from each sensor, and sends brake control signals to the
control solenoid valves and switching solenoid valves.
Operates/stops the pump & pump motor to control
accumulator pressure based on accumulator pressure
sensor signal.
Brake
k C
Controll
Portion
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07D1E
CH-83
CHASSIS BRAKE
Brake Pressure Supply Portion
The brake pressure supply portion operates based on the accumulator pressure sensor signal as shown in
the timing chart below.
D When the accumulator pressure drops to pump ON pressure, the Skid Control ECU operates the pump
& pump motor.
D When the accumulator pressure increases to pump OFF pressure, the Skid Control ECU stops the pump
& pump motor.
D When the accumulator pressure drops to warning pressure, the Skid Control ECU illuminates all
warning and indicator lights other than the A-TRC indicator lights, and sounds the VSC warning buzzer
continuously.
Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
CH
Relief Valve
Check
Valve
Pump & Pump
Motor
Check Valve
Accumulator Pressure
Sensor
Skid Control
ECU
Motor Relays
273GX36
" Timing Chart A

Pump Off Pressure

Pump On Pressure
Warning Pressure
Time
Pump Motor
Warning
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
273GX37
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CH-84
CHASSIS BRAKE
Master Cylinder & Brake Booster

1) Construction
The master cylinder & brake booster consists of a brake booster portion, master cylinder portion, and
regulator portion. These are positioned coaxially to achieve a simple and compact construction.
D The brake booster portion consists of an operation rod, power piston and booster chamber.
D The master cylinder portion consists of a master cylinder piston (large diameter piston and small
diameter piston), return spring and center valve.
D The regulator portion consists of a regulator piston, return spring, spool valve, reaction rod, and rubber
reaction disc.
" Simplified Diagram A
To Reservoir
Reaction Rod
From Accumulator
To Reservoir
Regulator Piston
Power Piston
Operation Rod
Rubber Reaction Disc

Spool Valve To Rear To Front
Brake Brake
Booster Chamber
Master Cylinder Piston
Center Valve
273GX38
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2) Operation
a. Pressure Increase (Low Pressure)
1) The pedal operation force is transmitted as follows: Operation Rod ! Power Piston ! Master
Cylinder Piston (Small Diameter Piston)
2) The load setting of the master cylinders return spring is higher than that of the regulator pistons return
spring, the regulator piston gets pushed before the fluid in the master cylinder becomes compressed.
3) The spool valve closes the port A (between the reservoir tank and booster chamber) and opens the
port B (between the reservoir tank and accumulator). Then, the pressurized brake fluid is introduced
into the booster chamber to provide a power assist to the pedal effort. The pressure of the pressurized
brake fluid is transmitted to the large diameter master cylinder piston.
4) This time, the power assist overcomes the force of the master cylinders return spring. This causes the
fluid in the master cylinder to become compressed and increases the pressure that is applied to the front
brakes. At the same, the pressure in the booster chamber increases the pressure that is applied to the
rear brakes.
CH
Port A
Reaction Rod
From Accumulator
Port B
2)
3)
3)
3)
Operation Rod
4)
1)
3)
Rubber Reaction
Disc
3)
4)
4)
Spool Valve To Rear To Front
Brake Brake
4)
Power Piston
1)
4)
273GX39
During the initial stage of the brake operation, the booster pressure that is applied to the rubber reaction
disc is small. Therefore, a return force in the rightward direction is not applied to the spool valve via
the reaction rod.
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CHASSIS BRAKE
b. Pressure Increase (High Pressure)

In contrast to the time when the pressure is low, when the pressure is high, the booster pressure that is
applied to the rubber reaction disc increases. Accordingly, the rubber reaction disc deforms and causes
a return force in the rightward direction to be applied to the spool valve via the reaction rod.
Therefore, in contrast to the time when the pressure is low, a greater reaction force is transmitted to the
brake pedal.
As a result, the level of brake assist provided will be less when the pressure is high.
Reaction Rod
Rubber
Reaction Disc
Booster Pressure
Spool Valve
07D0CH34C
c. Holding
This is a state in which the force that is applied via the brake pedal and the master cylinder pressure are
in balance.
The forces that are applied to the front and the rear of the regulator piston, in other words, forces that are
generated by the master cylinder pressure and the regulator pressure become balanced. This causes the
spool valve to close both port B from the booster chamber to the accumulator and port A to the
reservoir. As a result, the brake is in the holding state.
Port A
Reaction Rod
Port B
Regulator Piston
Rubber Reaction
Disc
Spool Valve
07D0CH35C
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CH-87
d. Pressure Reduction
When the pressure that is applied to the brake pedal is relaxed, the master cylinder pressure decreases.
Then, the regulator pistons return (rightward) force becomes relatively greater, causing the regulator
piston to retract and the spool valve to also retract. As a result, the port A between the reservoir tank
and the booster chamber opens.
The booster pressure becomes reduced in this state, creating a balance that corresponds to the change of
brake pedal application force. This process occurs constantly to reduce the booster pressure and the
master cylinder pressure in accordance with the force that is applied via the brake pedal.
To Reservoir
Port A
Reaction Rod
Regulator Piston
CH
Rubber Reaction
Disc
Spool Valve
07D0CH36C
e. During Brake Pressure Supply Malfunction

If the accumulator pressure is affected by any malfunction, no hydraulic pressure will be supplied to the
booster chamber. For this reason, a power assist cannot be provided to the force that is applied via the
brake pedal and the pressure to the rear brakes cannot be increased. Since there is no pressurized brake
fluid in the large diameter master cylinder piston at this time, the piston does not move from the original
position.
However, the pressure to the front brakes will be increased by the small diameter master cylinder piston
in accordance with the pedal effort applied to the brake pedal.

07D0CH37C
NM
07D1E
CH-88
CHASSIS BRAKE
f. Front Brake System Malfunction

D In the front brake system, the master cylinder piston is moved by the booster chamber pressure but
the hydraulic pressure does not increase. The piston moves until it hits the regulator piston while the
brake fluid in the master cylinder is drained.
D The rear brake system operates the same as in the normal operation.
Regulator Valve

07D0CH38C
12. Speed Sensor

General
D Active type speed sensors can detect the wheel rotation direction (forward or backward). This sensor
contains a sensor IC, which consists of two MREs (Magnetic Resistance Elements).
D The sensor rotor, which consists of N and S poles that are arranged in a circle, is integrated with the inner
race of the hub bearing.
Speed Sensor
Speed Sensor
Axle Hub
S
Sensor IC
2 MREs
Sensor Rotor
0240CH33C
NM
07D1E
CH-89
CHASSIS BRAKE
D The following differences exist between a passive type speed sensor (contains a pick-up coil) and an
active type speed sensor:
" Active Type Speed Sensor A
Output
Voltage
Time
MRE A
MRE B
Forward
Sensor
IC
Output
Voltage
Sensor Rotor
(Bearing Inner Race)
Time
Backward
232CH38
CH
232CH148
" Passive Type Speed Sensor A
Coil
+V
Output 0
Voltage
Magnet
Time
-V
Sensor Rotor
(Drive Shaft or Axle Shaft)
232CH39
Type
Direction Detection
Detection Speed
232CH147
Active
Passive
Possible to judge both forward and

backward rotation
Impossible to judge the wheel rotation

direction
From approx. 0
3 km/h (5 mph) or more
NM
07D1E
CH-90
CHASSIS BRAKE
Detection Method
D To detect the rotation direction, the output waves are used to determine the relationship of the pulses that
are generated by the 2 MREs.
D Upon receiving this signal, the sensor IC outputs a forward or backward wave.
" Forward A
" Backward A
MRE A
MRE A
MRE B
MRE B
MRE A: Hi
MRE B: Lo
MRE A: Hi
MRE B: Hi
232CH40
232CH149
D To detect the vehicle speed, the duration of the output pulses is used. Because the active type sensor
outputs digital pulses, it can detect vehicle speeds even at approximately 0.
No Detecting
Vehicle
Speed
Vehicle
Speed
No Detecting
Analog
Output
Digital Output
Sensor
Output
Sensor
Output
Active Type
Passive Type
232CH41
NM
07D1E
CH-91
CHASSIS BRAKE
13. Warning and Indicator Lights and VSC Waning Buzzer

The warning and indicator lights and VSC warning buzzer operate as follows:
Warning Light
Initial Check
During
Operation
Drive
Mode
Indicator Light
Blink
AUTO LSD
Blink
A-TRC
Blink
VSC
Blink
HL*1, H4*2
LL*1, L4*2
f*4
During Hydraulic Brake

Booster Protection
f*5
ABS & Brake

Assist
Cannot operate
due to a
malfunction
TRC
A-TRC
VSC
EBD
Low Brake Fluid

Level
ABS Malfunction
Others
TRC
Rear Diff. Lock*3
Zero point
calibration of
yawrate sensor
assembly not done
Low Accumulator
Pressure
Skid Control ECU

Malfunction
VSC
Warning
Buzzer
f*4
Intermittent
Sound
CH
Intermittent
Sound* 6
Continuous
Sound
07D0CH41C
*1: Models with M/T *2: Models with A/T *3: Models with Rear Diff. Lock
*4: These indicator lights turn on when the A-TRC is operational (standby state) with the A-TRC switch
pressed.
5
* : An extreme rise in the temperature of the hydraulic brake booster causes the VSC warning buzzer to
sound. Further rise in the temperature causes the VSC buzzer to sound (continuously for 3 seconds) and
the slip indicator light to come on.
NM
07D1E
CH-92
CHASSIS BRAKE
14. System Operation

Normal Braking
During normal braking, all solenoid valves are turned OFF.
Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
SH
SR
Rear Right
SH
SR
Front Left
SMCF: Master Cut for Front Solenoid Valve

SREA: Regulator Apply for Front Solenoid Valve
SREC: Regulator Cut Solenoid Valve
SH
SR
Front Right
0240CH35C
STR: Traction Solenoid Valve

STR: (Accumulator Cut Solenoid Valve)
SH: Pressure Holding Solenoid Valve
SR: Pressure Reduction Solenoid Valve
NM
07D1E
CHASSIS BRAKE
CH-93
ABS with EBD Operation

The Skid Control ECU calculates speed and deceleration of each wheel, and checks the likeliness of wheel
slipping (locking condition) based on signals from the four wheel speed sensors and the yawrate sensor
assembly.
D The ECU compares the front and rear wheel speed sensor signals, judges the slipping condition of the
rear wheels, and operates the EBD.
D If a wheel is likely to be locked, the ECU controls the pressure holding solenoid valve and pressure
reduction solenoid valve in the following three modes: increase, hold, and reduce. This is the same type
of pressure control operation as is performed during ABS operation.
" System Diagram A
Skid Control ECU
Motor Control
Relays
Speed Sensors (4)
Solenoid
Valve Relay

(Rear Diff. Lock
Detection Switch*)
CH
Pump Motor
Stop Light Switch
Yawrate Sensor
Assembly
CAN
*: Models with Rear Diff. Lock
07D0CH45C
NM
07D1E
CH-94
CHASSIS BRAKE
" EBD Operation A

Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
(Holding)
SH
SR
Rear Right
(Holding)
SH
SR
Front Left
(Normal)

SH
SR
Front Right
(Normal)
0240CH37C

NM
07D1E
CH-95
CHASSIS BRAKE
" ABS Operation A
Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
CH
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
(Increase)
SH
SR
Rear Right
(Reduction)
SH
SR
Front Left
(Holding)

SH
SR
Front Right
(Increase)
0240CH38C

NM
07D1E
CH-96
CHASSIS BRAKE
Increase
Holding
Reduction
SREC
OFF (Open)
STR
OFF (Close)
SMCF*1
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SREA*1
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
Increase
Hold
Reduce
SH*2
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
Increase
Hold
Reduce
Item
Switching Solenoid
Valve
Front
Brake
Control
Switching
Valve
Rear
B k
Brake
ABS with EBD Activated
ABS with
EBD not
A i
Activated
d
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
Mode
*1: While the front wheels are in ABS operation, SMCF and SREA are ON.
While only rear wheels are in ABS operation, SMCF and SREA are OFF.
2
* : During EBD operation, only SH for both rear wheels is ON (close).
NM
07D1E
CHASSIS BRAKE
CH-97
Brake Assist Operation

If an emergency braking situation has occurred, it is detected by the Skid Control ECU based on the vehicle
speed signal which is based on the wheel speed sensors, the brake pedal application speed from the master
cylinder pressure sensor, and a signal representing the amount of pedal effort. Then, the Skid Control ECU
actuates each solenoid valve. As a result, the pressure from the accumulator is applied to the wheel
cylinders. The accumulator pressure that is applied to the wheel cylinders (brakes) generates a higher
pressure than the master cylinder.
" System Diagram A
Skid Control ECU
Motor Control
Relays
Pump Motor
CH
Speed Sensors (4)

Solenoid
Valve Relay

(Rear Diff. Lock
Detection Switch*)
Stop Light Switch

*: Models with Rear Diff. Lock
07D0CH46C
NM
07D1E
CH-98
CHASSIS BRAKE
" Brake Assist Operation A

Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
SH
SR
Rear Right
SH
SR
Front Left

SH
SR
Front Right
0240CH40C

NM
07D1E
CH-99
CHASSIS BRAKE
" Brake Assist Timing A
Brake
Force
CH
Time
279CH101
SREC
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
OFF (Open)
STR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
OFF (Close)
SMCF
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SREA
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
Front
Brake
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
OFF (Open)
SR
OFF (Close)
Rear
Brake
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
OFF (Open)
SR
OFF (Close)
Increase
Hold
Reduce
Switching Solenoid
Valve
Control
Switching
Valve
Brake Assist Activated
Brake Assist
not Activated
Item
Wheel Cylinder Pressure
NM
07D1E
CH-100
CHASSIS BRAKE
TRC Operation
D The fluid pressure that is generated by the pump & pump motor is regulated by the switching solenoid
valves and control solenoid valves to the required pressure. Thus, the pressure to the wheel cylinders of
the drive wheels are controlled in the following 3 modes: pressure reduction, pressure holding, and
pressure increase modes, to restrain the slippage of the drive wheels.
D The Skid Control ECU outputs a TRC operation signal to the ECM and the combination meter. Upon
receiving this signal, the ECM effects throttle control to regulate the engine output. The combination
meter causes the slip indicator light to blink.
D If the accumulator pressure drops during this operation, the Skid Control ECU receives the signals from
the accumulator pressure sensor and actuates the pump & pump motor to ensure the proper accumulator
pressure.
" System Diagram A
Skid Control ECU
Speed Sensors (4)
Motor Control
Relays
Switch Assembly*1
A.D.D. Detection
Switch*1
Solenoid
Valve Relay
Pump Motor

(Center Diff. Lock
Detection Switch*2)

(Rear Diff. Lock
Detection Switch*3)
VSC Warning Buzzer

Yawrate Sensor
Assembly
CAN

ECM
Throttle Control Motor
*1: Models with Automatic Transmission

*2: Models with Manual Transmission
07D0CH47C
NM
07D1E
CH-101
CHASSIS BRAKE
" TRC Operation A
Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
CH
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
(Increase)
SH
SR
Rear Right
(Reduction)
SH
SR
Front Left
(Normal)

SH
SR
Front Right
(Normal)
0240CH42C

NM
07D1E
CH-102
CHASSIS BRAKE
Item
Switching Solenoid
Valve
Front
Brake
Control
Switching
Valve
Rear
B k
Brake
TRC not
Activated
TRC Activated
Mode
Increase
Holding
Reduction
SREC
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
STR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
SMCF
OFF (Open)
SREA
OFF (Close)
SH
OFF (Open)
SR
OFF (Close)
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
Increase
Hold
Reduce
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
NM
07D1E
CH-103
CHASSIS BRAKE
A-TRC Operation
Based on the vehicle speed that has been calculated from the wheel speed sensors, and the signals of the
yaw rate & deceleration sensor, the Skid Control ECU computes the target control speed.
D The Skid Control ECU compares the target control speed and the speeds of the wheels to determine
whether or not slippage exists. Upon detecting slippage, the Skid Control ECU controls the solenoid
valve of the hydraulic brake booster to control the brake fluid pressure that is applied to the slipping
wheel. When the wheel speed becomes lower than the target control speed, the Skid Control ECU stops
increasing the brake fluid pressure.
" System Diagram A
Skid Control ECU
Speed Sensors (4)

Switch Assembly*1
CH
Pump Motor
Motor Control
Relays
A-TRC Switch
(Rear Diff. Lock
Detection Switch*2)
Solenoid
Valve Relay
Models with A/T

A.D.D. Detection Switch
(L4 Position Switch)
Models with M/T
(Center Diff. Lock
Detection Switch)

(LL Position Switch)
VSC Warning Buzzer
Yawrate Sensor Assembly
CAN
*1: Models with A/T
A-TRC Indicator Light
07D0CH48C
NM
07D1E
CH-104
CHASSIS BRAKE
D As shown in the table below, the target control speed and the brake fluid pressure control.
Road
Condition
Rocky or
Offroad
Downhill
(Only A/T)
Transfer
Range
L4 or LL
L4 + 1st
gear
Control
Target
Control
Speed
Vehicle Speed
+
Slip Rate (L range set value)
Brake
Control
Sudden fluid
Pressure Control
Target
Control
Speed
Vehicle speed when

deceleration slippage has
been determined during
downhill driving.
Brake
Control
Fluid pressure control to

each wheel
Outline
Control designed for rugged offroad
driving conditions.
A-TRC
A TRC can operate when the A-TRC
A TRC
switch is turned on.
Designed for rugged, offroad downhill
driving conditions when the engine
braking is occurring. It helps to prevent
undesirable acceleration of the vehicle
that could occur if engine braking stops.
D The A-TRC independently controls fluid pressure to the brake of each wheel by operating the individual
solenoid valves in accordance with the signals received from the Skid Control ECU. The brake of each
wheel is controlled in the following three modes: pressure reduction, pressure holding, and pressure
increase modes
Precaution on A-TRC Operation
When the A-TRC is operating continuously while the vehicle is being driven on a slippery surface, the
temperature of the actuator in the hydraulic brake booster increases. After a set length of time elapses,
the Skid Control ECU alerts the driver of this condition by causing the VSC warning buzzer to sound,
and the slip indicator warning light to illuminate. Also, the A-TRC operation is temporarily interrupted
to protect the actuator.
When the temperature of the actuator decreases, the slip indicator light turns OFF, and the A-TRC is
automatically restored to an operating state.
NM
07D1E
CH-105
CHASSIS BRAKE
" A-TRC Operation A
Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
CH
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
(Increase)
SH
SR
Rear Right
(Reduction)
SH
SR
Front Left
(Increase)

SH
SR
Front Right
(Holding)
0240CH46C

NM
07D1E
CH-106
CHASSIS BRAKE
Item
Switching Solenoid
Valve
Front
Brake
Control
Switching
Valve
Rear
B k
Brake
A-TRC
A
TRC not
Activated
A-TRC Activated
Mode
Increase
Holding
Reduction
SREC
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
STR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
SMCF
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SREA
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
Increase
Hold
Reduce
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
Increase
Hold
Reduce
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
NM
07D1E
CH-107
CHASSIS BRAKE
VSC Operation
1) General
D Based on the information provided by various sensors, switches, and the ECM, the Skid Control ECU
determines the vehicles yaw moment. Then, the Skid Control ECU controls the fluid pressure that is
generated by the pump & pump motor and applies it by way of the solenoid valves to the brake wheel
cylinder of each wheel in the following three modes: pressure reduction, pressure hold, and pressure
increase modes. As a result, the tendency of the front wheels or the rear wheels to skid sideways is
restrained.
D At this time, the Skid Control ECU outputs a VSC operation signal to the ECM, and the combination
meter and causes the VSC warning buzzer to sound. Upon receiving this signal, the ECM controls the
throttle to regulate the engine output. The slip indicator light will blink in the combination meter.
" System Diagram A
CH
Speed Sensors (4)
Skid Control ECU
Switch Assembly*1
Pump Motor
Motor Control
Relays

(Rear Diff. Lock
Detection Switch*2)
Solenoid
Valve Relay
Models with A/T

A.D.D. Detection Switch
Models with M/T
(Center Diff. Lock
Detection Switch)
VSC Warning Buzzer

CAN
Steering Angle Sensor

Yawrate Sensor
Assembly
ECM
Throttle Control Motor
*1: Models with A/T
07D0CH52C
NM
07D1E
CH-108
CHASSIS BRAKE
2) Front Wheel Skid Restraining (Turning to the Right)

For front wheel skid restraining control, the brakes of the rear wheels and front wheel of the outside of
the turn is applied. Also, depending on whether the brake is ON or OFF and the condition of the vehicle,
there are circumstances in which the brake might not be applied to the wheels even if those wheels are
targeted for braking.
D The diagram below shows the hydraulic circuit in the pressure increase mode, as it restrains a front
wheel skid condition while the vehicle makes a right turn.
D In other operating modes, the pressure holding valve and the pressure reduction valve are turned
ON/OFF according to the ABS with EBD operation pattern.
Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
(Increase)
SH
SR
Rear Right
(Increase)
SH
SR
Front Left
(Increase)

SH
SR
Front Right
(Holding)
0240CH48C

NM
07D1E
CH-109
CHASSIS BRAKE
VSC not
Activated
Item
Switching Solenoid
Valve
Control
C
t l
Switching
Valve
Increase
Holding
Reduction
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
STR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
SMCF
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SREA
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
RH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
LH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
RH
OFF (Close)
LH
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
RH
LH
Increase
Hold
Reduce
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
Increase
Hold
Reduce
SR
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
Rear
B k
Brake
Mode
SREC
SH
Front
Brake
VSC Activated
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
CH
NM
07D1E
CH-110
CHASSIS BRAKE
3) Rear Wheel Skid Restraining (Turning to the Right)

In rear wheel skid restraining control, the front brake on the outside of the turn is applied. Also, depending
on whether the brake is ON or OFF and the condition of the vehicle, there are circumstances in which the
brake might be applied to the rear brake of the outside of the turn.
D The diagram below shows the hydraulic circuit in the pressure increase mode, as it restrains a rear wheel
skid condition while the vehicle makes a right turn.
D In other operating modes, the pressure holding valve and the pressure reduction valve are turned
ON/OFF according to the ABS with EBD operation pattern.
Reservoir Tank
Accumulator
Pump & Motor
Sensor
STR
SREC
SREA
SMCF

Sensor
SH
SR
Rear Left
(Holding)
SH
SR
Rear Right
(Holding)
SH
SR
Front Left
(Increase)

SH
SR
Front Right
(Holding)
0240CH49C

NM
07D1E
CH-111
CHASSIS BRAKE
VSC not
Activated
Item
Switching Solenoid
Valve
Control
C
t l
Switching
Valve
Increase
Holding
Reduction
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
STR
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
SMCF
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SREA
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
RH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
LH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
RH
OFF (Close)
LH
OFF (Close)
ON (Open)
RH
LH
Increase
Hold
Reduce
SR
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
Rear
B k
Brake
Mode
SREC
SH
Front
Brake
VSC Activated
SH
OFF (Open)
ON (Close)
SR
OFF (Close)
OFF (Close)
Hold
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure
CH
Initial Check
Each time the ignition switch is turned ON, and the vehicle reaches approximately speed of 6 km/h (4 mph)
or more, the Skid Control ECU performs an initial check.
The functions of each solenoid valve and pump & pump motor in the hydraulic brake booster are checked
in order.
15. CAN (Controller Area Network)

CAN communication is used between the Skid Control ECU, steering angle sensor, yawrate sensor assembly,
ECM and DLC3. For details, see page BE-8.
NM
07D1E
CH-112
CHASSIS BRAKE
16. Diagnosis
If the Skid Control ECU detects a malfunction in the brake control system (ABS with EBD, Brake Assist,
TRC, A-TRC, or VSC), the warning light or indicator light lights up to alert the driver of the malfunction,
as indicated in the table below. At the same time, Skid Control ECU stores the DTC (Diagnostic Trouble
Code) in memory.
D There are 2-digit DTCs and 5-digit DTCs.
D 2-digit DTCs can be read by connecting the SST (09843-18040) to Tc and CG terminals of the DLC3, and
observing the diagnostic code indicated on the multi-information display in the combination meter.
D 5-digit DTCs can be read by connecting an intelligent tester to the DLC3.
The self-diagnosis has a sensor signal check (test mode) function.
D This function is activated by connecting the SST (09843-18040) between the Ts and CG terminal of the
DLC3 or by connecting an intelligent tester.
D If the Skid Control ECU detects a malfunction during a sensor check, it stores the DTCs in its memory.
D These DTCs can be read during a sensor check operation by connecting the SST (09843-18040) to the Tc
and CG terminals of the DLC3 and observing the blinking of the ABS warning light or the VSC warning
light. These DTCs can also be read by connecting an intelligent tester.
17. Fail-safe
D In the event of a malfunction in the ABS and/or Brake Assist controls, the Skid Control ECU prohibits
ABS, Brake Assist, TRC, A-TRC, and VSC operations.
D In the event of a malfunction in the EBD control, the Skid Control ECU prohibits EBD operation. In this
case, normal (non electronically assisted) braking performance will be available. Functions of the brake
control system (ABS with EBD, Brake Assist, TRC, A-TRC, and VSC) will not be available.
D In the event of a malfunction in the TRC, A-TRC, and/or VSC, the Skid Control ECU prohibits TRC,
A-TRC, and VSC operations.
D If a communication malfunction occurs between the Skid Control ECU and the steering angle sensor or
the yawrate sensor assembly, the Skid Control ECU stops TRC, A-TRC, and VSC operation.
D When the ECM detects the DTC, it will disable the TRC, A-TRC, and VSC operations.
NM
07D1E

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CH-65

JBRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM

The primary purpose of Brake Assist is to provide an auxiliary brake

Rear Diff. Free

Rear Diff. Lock*1

Rear Diff. Lock Mode (Models with Rear Diff. Lock)

Speed Sensors (4)

Parking Brake Switch

Stop Light Switch

Control Solenoid Valves (8)

Switching Solenoid Valves (4)

Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor

Brake Fluid Level Warning Switch

Combination Meter Assembly

VSC TRC Warning Light

Slip Indicator Light

A-TRC Indicator Light*3

*1: Models with Automatic Transmission

*2: Models with Manual Transmission

4. Outline of EBD Control

" EBD Control Concept A

Ideal Brake Force Distribution

Front Brake Force

Front Brake Force

Without Load in Rear

With Load in Rear

Right/Left Wheel Brake Force Distribution (During Cornering Braking)

5. Outline of Brake Assist

With Brake Assist

Without Brake Assist*

With Brake Assist

7. Outline of A-TRC (For Models with Rear Diff. Lock)

" Without A-TRC A

Front Wheel Skid Tendency

Rear Wheel Skid Tendency

Method for Determining the Vehicle Condition

Actual Locus of Travel

VSC Operation Methods

3) Dampening a Strong Rear Wheel Skid

Making a Right Turn

9. Layout of Main Components

Rear Speed Sensor

Brake System Warning Light

A-TRC Indicator Light

ABS Warning Light

A-TRC Switch (For Models

10. Function of Main Components

Skid Control ECU

Judges the vehicle driving condition based on signals from

Brake Actuator Portion

Assists with the brake pedal effort applied to the brake

Solenoid Valve Relay

Supplies or cuts off power to control solenoid valves and

Motor Control Relays (2)

Supplies or cuts off power to pump motor.

Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor

Detects the master cylinder pressure.

Accumulator Pressure Sensor