CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Poverty is one of the most common social problem our country is facing

nowadays. Based on the meaning from the merriam webster, poverty is the state of one

who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount or money material possessions. In the

researchers point of view, poverty is a hindrance in attaining success of an individual.

Thus, poverty is one of the most prominent issue that the government is still trying to

resolve up to now but still in a process because of the continuos increase of population.

Poverty also affects mental, psychological, and social health of a person. Different crimes

such as robbery, rape, kidnapping, and etc. are related to poverty.

On the other hand, Education is also a social problem here in our country. It is the

process of receiving or giving systematic instructions, especially in schools. Also,

education is the stepping stone in achieving ones goal. In Philippines, ones educational

attainment is significant in the persons well being and even in his/her career. Having a

low educational attainment is often connected to poverty.

Poverty and Education are related in a way that these two are both evident in the

country as of this moment. Poverty is the cause of higher drop-outs in school, students

with no motivation to study, higher suicide rate, teenage pregnancy, and other social

issues related to education. Thus, poverty affects the students academic performance in

school. This study is to prove the effects of poverty to selected Grade 10-STE students.

Poverty correlates with Education in a way that poverty has a great effect on a

1
student's attitude towards education. A child's intelligence starts to develop at the age of 4

and some of the factors that may affect it's development are the environment he or she is

living, the way his or her parents raises him or her up, the parents attitude towards life

and most especially the educational attainment of his or her parents could affect a lot

since their educational attainment is the basis of what kind of job they have plus their

jobs are the source of their income. A family's financial status may motivate a student in

studying and it would also result in a better environment for a student since his or her

parents could suffice his or her needs thus, it could also lead into a better and healthier

family relationship. That's why it's better for parents to enroll their children in a good

school to somehow secure their children's success (Benidicto, 1997).

Background of the Study

This study is about the negative effects of poverty to the academic performances

of selected 10th Grade STE students and to propose solutions to attenuate the problem in

order to raise the performances of said students. As the respondents are supposedly

already in their last year in Rizal High School, these pupils tend to lie low and feel

disinclined to actually work on projects and assignments and therefore, their own

individual rankings. But one of the primary reasons for these academic downfall is

poverty. Poverty can impact a students ability to attend school regularly and on time,

complete assignments on time, and control anger about circumstances beyond their reach.

Low socioeconomic status has a great relation to the low performance of students. Thus,

those less fortunate are more likely to drop out due to financial problems. The study will

2
focus on the socioeconomic statuses of the selected 10th Grade STE students and their

rankings from the previous years up to now. How financial matters affect their study

habits; whether theyre more motivated or are just basically done with education.

However, because educational attainment is a basis on many things nowadays; job

position and salary to name a few, the matter regarding how poverty affects the academic

performances of students should be immediately resolved. Not only because educated

people receives more benefit and are likely to be successful, but also to mitigate the

aftermath of undergraduates and illiterates in the country which furthermore causes a

whole different faction of tragedies and disasters. Hence, the main purpose of conducting

the study is to figure out a long-term resolution accounting the negative effects of poverty

to the academic performance of graduating students. Income inequality should never

narrow down ones ability to provide for better education. Money might be a symbol of

power and determines much about our lives, but it is not the only or most important thing

worth thinking about education is.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The researchers want to discover the effects of poverty to the academic

performance of Grade 10 selected STE Students of Rizal High School, school year 2015-

2016.

3
 The variable of primary interest is that the dependent variable is Academic

Performance of the selected Grade 10 STE students. The contrast of the procedure to be

used can be generally explained using the independent variable which is Poverty.

The basis of the study is according to the following theories about the effects of

poverty to the academic performance of a student:

Stress Theory (Shonkoff & Philips,2010) is belong to the forth group of

neighborhood, however it is considered more frequently cited to the researchers, Stress

Theory posits that stressors that are more common in poorer neighborhoods which may

range from crime to lead paint have harmful effects on children. These negative effects

leads to creation of inhibit and stress development.

Ecological Systems Theory (Shonkoff & Philips,2010) broadly used by those who

research both family/home conditions and neighborhoods and their effect on child

development, ecological systems theory and the bio-ecological model hypothesize that

children are affected by people and institutions in five different nested levels: immediate

friends, family and surroundings which is the microsystem; the relationships between

these immediate surroundings which are the mesosystem; the outside experiences of

immediate friends and family which is the exosystem; the cultural settings in which one

lives which is the macrosystem; and the historical context in which one lives, also known

as the chronosystem.

The culture of poverty theory (Lewis,2010)essentially claimed that people

living under poverty life had developed a critical culture that prolonged the cycle of

poverty. Also, this theory states that if people continue to live in poverty, they will suffer

4
more because of poverty and may affect their whole life including the quality of

education, social status, and emotional status.

Classical theories (Davis & Martinez,2015) traditions outlook personalities as

largely accountable for their particular destiny, choosing in consequence to become

deprived, for example is by forming lone-parent families. The concept of sub-cultures of

poverty suggests that insufficiencies may continue over time, owing for instance to lack

of proper role models, and that public aid should be restricted to changing individual

attitudes and capabilities, example is the laissez-faire tradition.

Neoclassical theories (Davis & Martinez,2015) are more widespread ranging and

identify explanations for poverty beyond individuals mechanism. These include

nonexistence of social as well as private belongings; market failures that reject the poor

from acclaim markets and cause certain contrary choices to be coherent; barriers to

education; settler status; poor health and advanced age; and barriers to employment for

lone-parent families.

Looking at the classical and neoclassical methods together, their main advantages

exist in the use of measurable monetary units to measure poverty and the willingness with

which policy recommendations can be put into preparation. They also emphasize the

influence of enticements on individual behavior as well as the association between

efficiency and income.

Criticism of these methodologies highlights their overemphasis on the individual

and the emphasis on virtuously material means to exterminate poverty.

5
 Keynsian/neoliberal theory (Davis & Martinez,2015) though it led by the new-

Keynesians also implements a money-centered, individual standpoint towards poverty,

the significance assigned to the tasks of the government permits for a greater focus on

public inequality and goods. For case in point, a more equal income dissemination can

expedite the involvement of disadvantaged groups of society in the type of activities that

are reasoned essential under broader philosophies of poverty. On the other hand, new-

Keynesians are in line with neoclassical economists in their faith that overall

development in income is ultimately the most effective element in poverty elimination.

Publicly provided capital as well as education has a significant part to play, with

physical and human capital assumed to be the footing for economic affluence. Unlike the

classical approach, unemployment, viewed as a major reason of poverty, is largely seen

as uncontrolled and in need of government interference to fight it. Excessive increase,

high independent debt and asset bubbles are other macroeconomic influences, besides

weak collective demand, assumed to cause poverty.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers formulated the following problems related to the Effects of

Poverty to the Academic Performance of Selected 10th Grade STE Students:

1. How does poverty affect the respondents with regards to the following factors:

a. student's attendance

6
 b. numeric grades on report card

c. academic achievements

2. What are the negative effects of poverty to the academic performance of the

respondents?

3. What solutions can be given to attenuate the negative effects of poverty?

Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between the effects of poverty and selected

Grade 10 STE students academic performance.

Significance of the Study

This study is motivated by the researcher's observation in the impact of poverty in

the academic performance of less advantaged students in comparison to the advantaged

students. This study aims to deal with the negative effect of lack of financial support in

the grades, attendance and achievements of selected Grade 10 STE students. Students

exhibit low grades, incomplete attendance and less achievements when they lack

financially, so, this cue the researchers to investigate the overall effects of poverty to the

academic performance of selected Grade 10 STE students.

7
Hopefully this study will benefit the following:

Administrators. This study will provide insights that will help in the improvement

and development of learning intervention programs for students.

Classroom Teachers. This study will be used as reference to their style of teaching

and grading of students.

Students. This study will be beneficial to them, especially to the less fortunate

students, since they are the ones who will feel the change in the programs and

improvement in teaching styles of the administrators and teachers.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as their guide and reference for future

studies.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The Study is descriptive and focused mainly on how poverty affects the academic

performance of a student. The research sample is composed of 10 students each coming

from sections 1,2, and 3 of Grade 10 STE students in the Rizal High School. This

research used appropriate and purposive sampling in which equal to those people who

belong in Grade 10 STE students of Rizal High School. The statistics and the result is

based on the gathered data from the selected students.

This study aimed to identify the different effects of poverty in performing the

academic tasks of a student. The study was conducted from January to March, school

8
year 2015-2016.

Definition of Terms

The following are the major terms used in the study:

Academic Performance. This term refers to the outcome of education - the extent to

which a student achieve their educational goals.

Bioecological. This term refers to the environmental interaction that affects human

development.

Chronosystem. This term refers to historical context in which one lives.

Education. This term refers to the action or process of teaching someone especially in a

school, college or university.

Exosystem. This term refers to outside experience of immediate friends, family, and

surrounding.

Macrosystem. This term refers to cultural setting where one lives.

Microsystem. This term refers to relationship between immediate surroundings.

Poverty. This term refers to state of lacking the usual or socially acceptable amount of

money or material possession.

Socioeconomic. This term refers to relating or involving to a combination of social and

economic factors.

STE. This term refers to the Science, Technology and Engineering of Rizal High School.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

9
 This chapter defines the review of literature and studies that support the

researchers in proving that poverty has an impact to the academic performances of

students. The references used in the related studies are from books, encyclopedias and

internet online sources. Also, the researchers include theories related to the present study.

Related Literature:

Parents need to educate their kids how to wisely spend the allowance theyre

given. With this, soon as they grow up, Gruenberg (1954), money is a symbol of power;

where there is great deal of it, it becomes a means of self-assertion,; where there is too

little (as is more often the case), it can be a constant source of frustration. Children who

do deal with money on their own are stressed over how to acquire a few cash and where

to spend it wisely. As they grow up, parents give them much bigger allowance than their

young siblings. But this does not necessarily call for favoritism but rather shows that the

size allowance of a child must depend on what it covers. Therefore, the older the child is,

the more money he/she spends, the greater his/her needs, and the larger his allowance

should be.

However, cases where financial constraints apply in a family and some children

dont get allowances at all. They need to work for their own money and to support their

families. Instances happen when a child gets too obsessed in saving up money it became

a practice and somehow he didnt enjoy spending the worth he/she has worked hard for.

This attitude is said to be less healthy that those who cant save at all. It practically

10
became a necessity, and spending money might actually cause emotional trauma to the

child. In some point, parents should take out the cause of trouble or perhaps consult an

experienced councilor.

Youngsters should be included upon discussing family financial matters to be

more aware of issues and concerns within their households, but parents still need to be

reminded that these kids need to be protected from moments of panic at times. The goal

in trying to educate the children about roles of money in life is that when they grow up,

theyll learn facing money problems realistically.

Manua (2011) stated that stress could be a deal for children to study in their

academic performances and help their kids overcome troubles such as lack of motivation

towards learning and insecurities regarding financial matters. A students marks are

constantly failing because of worrying too much about problems he still isnt supposed to

handle. Since money is an issue that requires much attention from all the members of the

family, children below or at the poverty line often drops out of school to find jobs instead

to assist their families necessities.

Despite the fact that some children work at such an early age, parents should still

encourage their children to attend school. It is their responsibility to pursue every means

in order to provide education for their kids. Relieve their stress by giving them words of

encouragement and appreciation and lifting off some of the burdens from his shoulder.

Let them concentrate, make fun once again upon acquiring and learning new things,

support him throughout his education and dont let children deal with problems that only

adults are supposed to be handling.

11
 Parents affect the grades of their children too. Their children are still not

independent enough to choose the right decision every time, so kids basically still need

their guardians to look out for them during this phase. And the best way to support a child

is to make him/her trust their parents.

Sharp (2012) sighted some effects of poverty in education, wherein he explained

that poverty has direct correlation to education. One of the effects is where poor students

have less educational assistance because they cant provide themselves the basic needs in

school. There could be a lot of factors why these students cant achieve the needed

educational assistance one is, their parents dont have a stable job because they werent

able to finish their education as well because of poverty. While on the other hand, rich

parents spend money to ensure their children get the best education, they work hard to

enable their children to get a college degree and provide all the things they need. Another

is, public school students have no match to private institutions. The comparison between

public and private schools create a poor image to those students who study at public

schools because equipments used in private schools are more complete rather than in

public schools. Thus, the level of competency is higher in private schools. Another one is,

people from low socioeconomic status have lower expectation to education because they

dont persevere anymore for they are aware that the stakes are high that they wouldnt be

able to finish their education up to college degree. These reasons affect the people by

creating a mentality which destroys ones motivation to study.

The educational gap between privileged and less privileged students keeps on

being critical (Porter, 2015); critical in a sense that the educational attainment of a person

becomes the basis on many things. The educational attainment serves as a key in getting a

12
job, the higher the educational attainment, the higher the position. It is obvious that when

you get a higher job position your salary is also higher. Thats why those students who

finished their education up to college degree are luckier than those who are not.

Employers nowadays would always check on what school you finished your studies, your

grades and your achievements as a student. The privileged students who studied in

private schools most likely would get more benefits and higher chances of getting a good

work. The less fortunate students are most likely to drop-out of high schools and colleges

due to financial problem, if their parents cant sustain their schooling anymore then it is

really possible for them to drop-out. Another tendency is they would get a job to sustain

their own needs or be contented of what they have already achieved. Another is that

public schools offer low-quality education because the best teachers are attracted to

private schools for a higher salary. The materials as well, matters and the kind of

environment the public school is giving the students create more gaps between the

privilege and the less privilege. The educational attainment of the parents matter when it

comes to this topic because the less educated parents are less likely to afford good

education for their children for they only get enough salary for their basic needs while on

the other hand the richer and better educated parents the better education they could give

their children, their salaries could afford their children to study in a private school and

provide their children single need they would encounter along the way in their journey of

studying.

One reason of poverty is early marriage. Early marriage could be the outcome of

these factors like: early pregnancy, rebellion against their family or it could be an escape

from the kind of life they have (Deutsch, 1963). Early marriage could have a positive or

13
negative effect if a couple settles down and somehow get a good work then it is a positive

effect. Thus, this kind of relationship could become more solid and stable. But usually,

the effects of early marriage are negative wherein after a few years, the marriage breaks

down. The wife or the husband could file a divorce and suddenly its over. This

breakdown could be an effect of immaturity between the couple. Another effect is

poverty; usually early married couples are most likely to suffer poverty. Most of them

didnt finish their education and that is the reason why they dont have a job. The lack of

education in couples commonly puts them into facing more serious problems involving

money, lack of job and poverty.

Review of Related Studies

Theory of Educational Productivity (Walberg, 1981) indicates three groups of

nine factors based on effective, cognitive, and behavioral skills for development of

learning that affect the quality of academic performance of a student: Aptitude (ability,

development, and motivation); Instruction (amount and quality); Environment (including

home, classroom, peers, and television). Also according to Robert (2003) home

environment affects the academic performance of students.

Marzano (2003) states that the educated parents must provide on environment that

is best for academic success of their children. The school administration must have some

counseling and guidance to parents to build positive home environment for students

14
environment. In addition to this parents should be responsible in giving good quality of

education for their children including financial matters.

Shields (1991) states that students achievements particularly at-risk-students are

affected by the beliefs and values of family and community. In some areas where family

and community are suffering poverty, formal education is not present in their vocabulary.

This leads to different issues and misunderstandings regarding students action and

speech of and not being prepared for the school environment.

Redman (2003) suggests that one technique for creating a positive relationship with

parents is through the sharing of positive comments about the student with parents,

particularly for at-risk-students. The positive comments about their children helped the

parents to feel accepted in the school environment which is typically a large barrier for

families living in poverty.

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (1945) is used up t this day to understand human

motivation and their personal growth. This study shows the stages of need of the people.

If a family lacks finance, they center themselves in meeting the basic needs such as

education and other material things.

The Millennium Development Goals (2002) by the United Nations emphasize the

need to achieve primary education within the process of international goal setting as well

as national. All children are encouraged to finish the primary education in their country.

A study conducted by Lacour and Tissington (2011) shows that education is for

the elites. People who are willing to pay, achieve high level of education than those who

depend on public schools, where the teachers are paid less. The more knowledge teachers

15
choose to teach in private schools where they were given high incentives. This study also

states, learning starts before they reach school age, where they learn additional

knowledge and their stocked knowledge are improved buy the teachers. The real

education starts at home. As a childs mind develops, they should be introduced to lessons

that they might encounter as they start schooling such as the 3Rs; reading, riting

(writing), and rithmetc (arithmetic). This helps in their academic performance in school

because they do not have problems in coping up in their lessons than those who dont

have any idea of what to do.

Based on Berhanu et. al. (2011) aside from other factors that affect the academic

performance such as age, gender, geographical belongingness and others, socioeconomic

status s the most popular and debatable factor. Most of the experts argue that the low

socioeconomic status has negative effects on the academic performance of students

because their basic needs remain unfulfilled. Hence, they dont perform well

academically in comparison to those students who get what they need. The most accepted

of these arguments is that the socioeconomic status of learners does affect the quality or

level of their academic performance. As the economy of a country rise, the gap between

the rich and poor continue to widen thus widening the gap between the educational

attainments of people belonging to these socioeconomic statuses.

Marxian/radical theory (Davis & Martinez,2015) suggesting necessary changes in

the socio-economic scheme, Marxian economists and other far-reaching theorists

emphasize the possibility that economic development alone may be not enough to lift

underprivileged people out of (comparative) poverty, because those who fit in to certain

classes may not garner any of the benefits of overall income development. Similarly, by

16
emphasizing the idea of category, it provides a shift in perception, focusing on group

characteristics rather than individual, with individuals status considered reliant on the

socio-economic background in which they exist.

Nevertheless, capability of income remains a key aspect. Within a capitalist

scheme, mitigation of poverty may require least wage laws, anti-discrimination laws, one

of the most valuable anti-poverty strategies , and action to eliminate dual labour markets.

The utilization of the poor by the rich groups in society may also take place via the

eminence of the environment; for example, the poor tend to be ill with most from air

pollution that are usually generated by the wealthier groups given their residential setting.

A further contribution of Marxian/radical economists is the sense that poverty is a ethical

as well as a technical issue. This is often lacking in more conventional economic

frameworks, except when they integrate political theories of even-handedness in their

analytical structure.

Synthesis

Decline in the overall academic performances of students may be caused by

various factors but socioeconomic status is considered the most debatable. Monetary

costs in schooling led to more drop-out cases in the country and the researches had shown

that there are indeed major barriers in order to access education. These financial

constraints encompass the students incapability to support their education.

Poverty holds people back from having and experiencing a lot of things; proper

education included. Hence, with lack of basic knowledge, these students, these

17
respondents, would be deprived of the good stuff in the future which is to officially have

a career. Negative effects may result due to being an undergraduate and illiterate. But to

these students in the present, low socioeconomic status causes them to be less motivated

to attend school because of stressing over different things.

Financial issues may be a reason for a family to break up and no one would

support the childs education. Parents educational background affects how they are

inclined to encourage their children to attend school. In short, home-based elements are

also factors considered affecting ones attitude towards learning and schooling. Previous

studies built up that the circumstances at home were frequently not helpful for the

learning of the students not only in rural but most likely in urban areas. Most of the pupils

in the study Grimm-Bunn conducted showed that their learns at home were influenced by

the absence of lighting, space to do homework, by them investing much energy in

household tasks, having no work area or table to take a shot at, a lack of books in the

home, and unsupportive folks. The issue of constrained space in this study was seen to be

intensified by the parents' low pay. The parents' levels of training have likewise been seen

to affect their children's educating. It was demonstrated to influence the employments

they did, the family estimate, financial status, mentalities and the general convictions of

the folks. Issues like the supervision of homework were seen by the instructors as past the

scholarly limit of uneducated folks. The discoveries from this study uncovered that since

poor folks are additionally overemphasized in attempting to meet the day by day needs of

their families, the subsequent melancholy and pessimism frequently prompt inadequate

supporting, separated parents, and trouble in concentrating on the necessities of the kids.

The study uncovered that the children were missing out on instruction since it was relied

18
upon from them to bolster their family units by method for their work. The circumstance

was fairly deplorable in tyke headed family units where there was no mother on whom

the weights might be moved. The young lady youngster attempted to do her obligation in

attempting to take after the mother, doing all the family unit tasks, such as washing

garments, cleaning the house, sustaining the youthful ones, taking care of debilitated

relatives and family, cooking for the whole family, and getting kindling and water before

going to class. The extend periods of time these children spend working disable their

scholarly advancement, since they can't realize when they are physically depleted and

rationally drained. Subsequent to the kids in charge of the vast majority of the family unit

errands, little time is put aside for school and homework. The concentrate additionally

uncovered that kids from poor foundations' academic performance is contrarily

influenced by their frequently changing of schools as their guardians scan for work, or

surge around to make a decent living. A few folks continued moving from spot to put

looking for occupation and less expensive rent, along these lines the kids will

undoubtedly change schools, companions and instructors, trading off their training. The

versatility of the parents was noted to be high, even inside of the nation, looking for

occupations keeping in mind the end goal to have the capacity to pay the school

expenses, the rent, the bills, and to purchase outfits and nourishment for the youngsters.

This situation was seen to be influencing the children`s scholarly capacities, their

enthusiastic, social, physical and moral advancement. They had no real option except to

move with their guardians, making dropping out of school a transitory or lasting

circumstance. The suggestion is that school participation was frequently sporadic

19
amongst youngsters whose folks moved around a considerable measure. This influenced

their academic performance.

All these factors influence the behavior and attitude of student towards learning.

And failing grades and drop in academic performance are often the aftermath.

Education is a right but poverty prevents people from having it. Scholarships and

other financial assistances should be promoted and supported by the government to yield

graduates with proper education whom would someday be efficient and will be

productively engaging upon helping the society.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

Poverty has been manifesting numerous negative outcomes and influences

20
unfavorable effects to the society wherein the rate of academic performance of students

are included.

In this chapter, the researchers are to present the research design they used

including population, sample, subject, instruments, data gathering procedure, and

statistical treatment of data to determine the relationship between the socioeconomic

status of selected Grade 10 STE students and their academic performance.

Research Design

Descriptive research was the design used by the researchers in this study. They

preferred this design to precisely present and interpret the data they have gathered.

In this study, the data regarding how much socioeconomic status affects the

academic performances of students would be presented and studied in order to propose a

solution. All the given data were gathered through a survey conducted among the students

from Grade 10 STE whom were all selected using the stratified random sampling.

Research Setting

21
 The

study

was

conducted at the Rizal High School Science Building from the Grade 10 STE students.

The secondary school was located at Dr. Sixto Avenue, Caniogan, Pasig City.

Research Subject

The subject of the study is mainly the effects of poverty towards the academic

performance of a Grade 10 STE student of Rizal High School.

Research Population

The study covered 30 respondents coming from sections 1,2, and 3 of Grade 10

STE students. The researchers picked 10 respondents in each section to answer the survey

questions.

22
 Respondents No. of Respondents

10-STE 1 10

10-STE 2 10

10-STE 3 10

Description of Respondents

The chosen respondents for this research are students from Grade 10 STE bracket.

The researchers will let the respondents answer the prepared questionnaire. The

respondents will randomly come from Grade 10 STE students. The answered

questionnaire will be gathered by the researchers and then computed to prove the

reliability of the study conducted.

Research Instruments

The questionnaires used for the collection of data were self-made and were

composed of 10 questions related to the topic. The first 6 questions are open-ended

questions wherein the respondents would answer by yes or no while the other 4 questions

ate to be rated by the respondents from the scale of 1-5.

Data Gathering Procedure

23
 The research conducted a series of procedures in order to be successful. The

researhers will let the respondents answer the prepared questionnaire. The respondents

will randomly come from Grade 10 - STE Students. The answered questionnaire will be

gathered by the researchers and then computed to prove the reliability of the study

conducted.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers will tally the results obtained from the research instrument

answered by the respondents. Then, a percentage formula will be used to compute the

percentage of each choices of the respondents in a question. A pie graph will be used to

show the relationship of each choices.

Percentage Formula

Percentage (%) = frequency (f) x 100

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

24
 In this chapter, the researchers are to present their interpretation and analysis of

data theyve got from the selected Grade 10 STE Students of Rizal High School to

determine if poverty affects the academic performance of a student.

Distribution of Respondents According to Sections

Respondents No. of Respondents

10-STE 1 10

10-STE 2 10

10-STE 3 10

Table 1.

The table shows the distribution of respondents who answered the survey question

according to sections. The researchers preferred 30 respondents that are divided to three

sections of Grade 10 STE of Rizal High School that gave 10 respondents each per

section.

Proportion of Daily Allowance Sufficiency

25
 53%

53%
47%

47%

Figure 1.

This graph shows that 53% out of 30 respondents says that their daily allowance

is enough to suffice their needs in school such as food, projects, fare and other expenses.

The other 47% say that the allowance they receive is lacking to be able to suffice their

expenses in school. This shows that most of the respondents are able to pay expenses in

projects and are able to pass them.

Daily Allowance of Grade 10 STE Students

26
 17%

60%
23%

Figure 2.

It shows the daily allowance of the 30 respondents from selected students of

Grade 10 STE. 23% of the respondents receive fifty pesos or less as their daily allowance

while 60% receive sixty to one hundred pesos and the remaining 17% receive above one

hundred pesos. The average allowance of a Grade 10 STE student is 93 pesos.

Proportion of Monthly Family Income Sufficiency

27
 13%

87%

Figure 3.

This graph shows the majority of the respondents equal to 87% agree that their

monthly family income can suffice their basic necessities such as food, clothing, house,

bills and others. The remaining respondents equal to 13% of the respondents says that

some of the basic necessities are not met by their monthly family income.

Monthly Family Income

28
 10%

33%

33%

10%
14%

Figure 4.

The graph shows that both 10,000-15,000 monthly family income and 25,000

Above monthly family income is equal to 33% of the total percentage of respondents and

both Below 10,000 monthly family income and 20,000-25,000 is equal to 10% of the

total respondents. While the remaining 14% goes to 15,000-20,000 monthly family

salary.

Proportion of Financial Status Motivation

29
 27% 73%

Figure 5.

The graph shows that 73% of the thirty respondents agree that their financial status

motivate then to study harder and achieve better grades while 27% of the respondents

disagree and say that financial status do not motivate them.

Proportion of Failing Grades Due to Money

30
 23%

87%

Figure 6.

This graph show that 87% of the respondents disagree and says that money and

financial status has no relationship between their financial status and the rate of their

grades while the other 13% says that their financial status has an effect in their grades

causing them to fail..

31
Figure 7.

In this graph, it is shown the average rate of the effects of poverty in the

following factors such as: failing grades; family concerns; social skills and attitude

towards education. The factor with the highest rate with 3.37 is family concerns which

shows that poverty causes conflict within the family due to problems involving money.

Second highest rating with 2.6 is social skill which shows that students belonging to poor

family have difficulties when it comes to their social life and acquiring friends that may

come from higher socioeconomic status. The third highest rating with 2.57 is attitude

towards education which shows that students belonging to the poverty line have a

different perspective when it comes to education. They either value it more or value it

less. The lowest rating with 2.4 is failing grades which shows that poverty has no

significant effect on the academic performance of the respondents. Money has nothing to

do with the failing grades of students.

32
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings

Based on the survey conducted by the researchers, 16 of the students that were

used as sample for the research paper, said that their daily allowance is sufficient for their

needs while 14 of them stated that their allowance is insufficient for them. Aside form

this, 26 out of 30 students stated that their basic neccesssities in school which proves that

their families really support their education no matter what socioeconomic status they

belong. The students also answered that their familys financial status motivate them to

study thus, their grades arent failing because of any reason involving money. The

students have different opinions in the effects of money in different factors. In a scale of

1-5, the researchers got an average of 2.4 in the effects of money with regards to failing

grades, 3.37 in the effects in different family concerns, 2.6 in problems with regards to

social skills and 2.57 in their attitude towards education. Now, with these different

results, the researchers can say that money has effects in those different factors which

influence the students academic performance in school.

Conclusion

This research paper has proven that poverty has no significant effect on the

academic performance of Grade 10 - STE students. However, this study has also proven

that involvement of money somehow influences the factors that invokes the students

33
attitude towards education. This study revealed the differences among the ranges of the

students of Grade 10 STE family income that even if it varies still it is evident that their

families support their education regardless of their socioeconomic status. This study has

also proven that the students of Grade 10 STE are motivated to study with their familys

current financial status. The study has also unveil that the students of Grade 10 STE

doesnt let the involvement of money to affect their academic performance in school.

The study has also proven that Grade 10-STE students academic performance is

not affected by any factor with regards to money. It also unveiled that education is still a

priority for parents to their children based on the data, the researchers gathered. The

study concluded that money really influences other factors that could affect the students

attitude in education. Factors such as failing grades wherein a student might lose his or

her motivation to study. Family concerns regarding the involvement of money which may

cause a student to rebel and could lead to a lot of other problems like: Teenage

Pregnancy, Early Marriage, Using of Drugs and etc. Another one is Social Skills wherein

a student might be an outcast in the kind of society he or she belongs because of his or

her familys status regarding money and lastly a students attitude toward education if a

student is motivated by his or her familys socioeconomic status, monthly income and if

it is sufficient to suffice the basic needs of education.

Recommendation

The researchers recommend this study as a reference for future researchers who

would be conducting studies adjacent to the topic and are most likely inclined upon

34
proposing a solution if not solving the matter with regards on how much poverty affects

the graduating students academic performances.

The future researchers are also recommended to revise and improve this study in

order to be more effective and operative.

Lastly, this research study is hereby recommended to the authorities and

administrators of institutions upon enlightenment of the mentioned issue and to promote,

support, improve and produce more scholarships and financial assistances for those

students who belong within or at the poverty line. Helping these students will eventually

lead to more productive and efficient graduates that would somehow someday be the

educated leaders of our society.

35
 Curriculum Vitae

Name : Hallizha May C. Bagacina

Address : B-34 Industria St. Kapasigan Pasig City

Gender : Female

Date of Birth : May 15, 2000

Place of Birth : Pasig City

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Present Position : High School Student

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Pasig Elementary School

Secondary : Rizal High School

36
Name : Zaira Erika D. Reyes

Address : 137 D. Asuncion St. San Miguel, Pasig City

Gender : Female

Date of Birth : August 6, 1999

Place of Birth : Pasig City

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Present Position : High School Student

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Palatiw Elementary School

Secondary : Rizal High School

37
Name : Ma. Sofia M. Garong

Address : Lot 17 Blk. 9 Yakal St. Phase 5-B Greenwoods

Executive Village, Cainta, Rizal

Gender : Female

Date of Birth : January 6, 2000

Place of Birth : Pasig City

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Born Again Christian

Present Position : High School Student

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Pasig Elementary School

Secondary : Rizal High School

38
Name : Phoebe Cates A. Torres

Address : Lot 9 Block 2 Montana Homes Subdivision,

Maybunga, Pasig City, Metro Manila

Gender : Female

Date of Birth : May 6, 2000

Place of Birth : Pasig City

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Roman Catholic

Present Position : High School Student

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Maybunga Elementary School

La Immaculada Conception School

Secondary : Rizal High School

39
Appendix A

Rizal High School Map

40
Appendix B

Name(optional):______________________Section:________ Date:___________

Good day! The students of Grade 10-STE 2 namely Hallizha May Bagacina, Ma.

Sofia Garong, Zaira Erika Reyes, and Phoebe Cates Torres would like to conduct a

survey in your class for their research paper entitled, The Effects of Poverty in the

Academic Performance of Selected Grade 10 STE Students in Rizal High School.

Kindly answer the survey questions honestly. Thank you.

Respectfully yours,

Researchers

1. Is your allowance sufficient for your everyday school expenses?

2. Does the monthly salary of your family suffice your basic necessities

3. How much is your familys monthly income?

Below 10,000
10,000 - 15,000
15,000 - 20,000
20,000 - 25,000
25,000 and above
4. How much is your daily allowance? _______

5. Does your financial status motivate you to study harder?

6. Are your grades failing because of any reason that involves money?
41
II. From a scale of 1-5 (1,being the lowest and 5 being the highest) rate the influence of

money with regards to the following factors:

Influence 1 2 3 4 5
Failing Grades
Family Concerns
Social Skills
Attitude towards Education

42
Appendix C

Tally Sheet

Question 1: Is your allowance sufficient for your everyday school expenses?

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

YES 16

NO 14

TOTAL: 30

This table shows that 16 respondents have answered yes and says that they

receive sufficient allowance to pay for their everyday school expenses while 14

respondents answered no and says that the allowance that they receive is not sufficient.

Question 2: Does the monthly salary of your family suffice your basic necessities?

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

YES 26

NO 4

TOTAL: 30

43
 This table shows that almost all of the respondents 26 answered yes and that their

family is able to suffice their basic necessities such as food, clothing, education bills, and

other expenses. While the remaining 4 respondents answered no and that their family

sometimes encounter financial problems and unable to suffice their basic necessities.

Question 3: How much is your familys monthly income?

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

Below 10,000 3

10,000-15,000 10

15,000-20,000 4

20,000-25,000 3

Above 25,000 10

TOTAL: 30

The tally shows that both the second category (10,000-15,000) and fifth category

(Above 25,000) get the same number of respondents equal to 10. 4 respondents answered

the third category (15,000-20,000). The first category (Below 10,000) and fourth category

(20,000-25,000) also get the same number of respondents equal to 3.

Question 4: How much is your daily allowance?

44
 ANSWERS FREQUENCY

30 2

47 1

50 4

60 3

70 4

80 2

100 10

110 1

150 1

170 1

200 1

300 1

TOTAL: 30

In this table, it shows that majority of the respondents equal to 10 receive one

hundred pesos as their daily allowance. 4 respondents receive fifty pesos. Followed by

sixty pesos and seventy pesos both with 3 respondents. Thirty pesos and eighty pesos also

tied with 2 respondents. The following got 1 respondent: forty-seven; one hundred ten;

one hundred fifty; one hundred seventy; two hundred and three hundred.

Question 5: Does your financial status motivate you to study harder?

45
 ANSWERS FREQUENCY

YES 22

NO 8

TOTAL: 30

The tally shows that most of the respondents equivalent to 22 respondents says

that their financial status and money push them to study harder, achieve higher grades

and do well in school. While the remaining 8 respondents says that money doesnt

motivate them at all.

Question 6: Are your grades failing because of any reason that involves money?

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

YES 4

NO 26

TOTAL: 30

The tally shows that almost all of the respondents 26 says that money doesnt

affect their grades. Nevertheless, cause them to fail. While the other 4 respondents say

that money is one of the reason why grades are failing.

46
Question 7: In the scale of 1-5 (1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest) rate the

influence of money with regards to the following factors.

Failing Grades

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

1 11

2 5

3 8

4 3

5 3

TOTAL: 30

Family Concerns

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

1 5

2 3

3 7

4 6

5 9

TOTAL: 30

47
Social Skills

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

1 7

2 8

3 8

4 4

5 3

TOTAL: 30

Attitude Towards Education

ANSWERS FREQUENCY

1 9

2 5

3 8

4 6

5 2

TOTAL: 30

These table shows that the most factor affected by money is family concerns.

Many family conflicts start because of the inability to suffice the basic necessities of each

48
member of the family. This is followed by social skills. Students whose family belong to

the poverty line have difficulty in acquiring friends because of the difference in

socioeconomic status. Next is attitude towards education. Students may lose interest in

acquiring high educational status due to the difference in beliefs in the community. The

last factor affected by money is failing grades. It can be inferred from this that money has

no significant effect on the academic performance of students.

References

Davis, P. & Martinez, M. (2015). An overview of the main economic theories relating to

the causes of and responses to poverty in the UK. Joseph Rowntree Foundation

Retrieved from http://www.jrf.org.uk/report/economic-theories-poverty

Berhanu, G. et. al. (2011). Factors Affecting Students Quality of Academic Performance:

A Case of Secondary School Level. Journal of Quality and Technology Management,

49
 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.pu.edu.pk>PDF-FILES-Ol-FACTOR

Lacour, M & Tissington, L. D. (2011). The effects of poverty on academic achievement.

Academic Journals, 522-527. Retrieved from

http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR

Kudzai, C. (2013). Psychological Effects of Poverty on the Academic Performanceof the

Girl Child in Zimbabwe. UNISA, 38-41. Retrieved from

http://www.uir.unisa.ac.79/bitstream/handle/10500/13066/thesis-

chinyokai-k.pdf?seq uence=1

Deutsch, A. (1963). The Encyclopedia of Mental Health, New York City, New

York. Franklin Watts, inc.

Gruenberg, S. M. (1954). Encyclopedia of Child Care and Guidance. Seattle,

Washington Doubleday and Company, inc.

Manua, C. (2001). A Bad Report Card, Blue Collar, 16, 41

Porter, E. (2015, September 22), Education Gap Between rich and Poor is

Growing Wider, The New York Times

Sharp, K. (2012, December 12), Poverty Affects Education, Bangor Daily News

50