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List of Tech. Acronyms

Note: Over 1200 abbreviations in this list. Updated: 7th July 2010
Terms Relating to Microsoft Product & Technology:
ACE: Access Control Entry
ACL: Access Control List
ACM: Application Compatibility Manager
ACS: Admission Control Service
ACT: Application Compatibility Toolkit
AD DB: Active Directory Database
AD DS: Active Directory Domain Services
AD FS: Active Directory Federation Services
AD LDS: Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services
AD RMS: Active Directory Rights Management Services
ADC: Active Directory Connector
ADO: ActiveX Data Objects
ADS: Automated Deployment Services
ADT: Automated Deployment Toolkit
AER: Application Error Reporting
AFD: Ancillary Function Driver
AIS: Asset Inventory Service
ALPC: Advanced Local Procedure Call
API: Application Programming Interface
APIC: Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
ASEP: Auto-Start Extensibility Points
ASLR: Address space layout randomization
ASR: Automated System Recovery
AVS: Automatic Version Synchronization
BCD: Boot Configuration Data
BCL: Base class library
BDD: Business Desktop Deployment
BGP: Border Gateway Protocol
BHO: Browser Helper Objects
BITS: Background Intelligent Transfer Service
CA: Certification Authority
CAPs: Connection Authorization Policies
CBS: Component Based Setup
CDDI: Copper Distributed Data Interface
CEIP: Customer Experience Improvement Program
CER: Corporate Error Reporting
CID: Confirmation ID
CIS: COM Internet Services
CLC: Client Licensor Certificate
CMAK: Connection Manager Administration Kit
COM: Component Object Model
COM+: Component Object Model Plus
CPI: Component Platform Interface
CSD: Cluster Security Descriptor
CTL: Client Trust List
CTP: Community Technology Preview
DA: Domain Administrator
DACL: Discretionary Access Control List
DCOM: Distributed Component Object Model
DCP: Data Collection Packages
DDK: Driver Development Kit
DEM: Desktop Error Monitoring
DEP: Data Execution Prevention

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DFS-R: Distributed File System – Replication

DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIMS: Digital Identity Management Service
DISM: Deployment Image Servicing and Management
DMZ: Demilitarized Zone
DPE: Developer and Platform Evangelist
DTC: Distributed Transaction Coordinator
DTM: Driver Test Manager
DWM: Desktop Window Manager
EBD: Emergency Boot Disk
EC: Enterprise Client
ECN: Explicit Congestion Notification
EFS: Encrypting File System
EHS: Exchange Hosted Services
EMF: Enhanced Metafile
EMS: Emergency Management Services
ENU: English US (language code)
EPG: Electronic Programming Guide
ER: Error Reporting
ERD: Emergency Repair Disk
ERU: Emergency Recovery Utility
ESE: Extensible System Engine (formerly JET)
ETW: Event Tracing for Windows
FAT: File Allocation Table
FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FR: Folder Redirection
FRS: File Replication Service
FS: Federation Server
FS-A: Account Federation Server
FSP: Federation Server Proxy
FS-R: Resource Federation Server
FUS: Fast User Switching
FVE: Full Volume Encryption
FVEK: Full Volume Encryption Key
GAC: Global Assembly Cache
GCW: Get Connected Wizard
GDR: General Distribution Release
GNZ: Global Names Zone
GPMC: Group Policy Management Console
GPO: Group Policy Object
GPOE: Group Policy Object Editor
GSI: Genuine Software Initiative
GUID: Globally Unique Identifier
HAL: Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCL: Hardware Compatibility Lists
HCT: Hardware Compatibility Test
IBS: Image-based setup
ICF: Internet Connection Firewall
IEAK: Internet Explorer Administration Kit
IECE: Internet Explorer Compatibility Evaluator
IFM: Install from Media
IIS: Internet Information Services
IKE: Internet Key Exchange
IME: Input Method Editor
IPP: Internet Printing Protocol
ISA: Internet Security and Acceleration
JET: Joint Enterprise Technology
JPN: Japanese (language code)
KDC: Key Distribution Center
KMS: Key Management Service

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KTM: Kernel Transaction Manager

LINQ: Language Integrated Query
LME: Large Memory Enabled
LTI: Lite Touch Installation
LUA: Least-Privileged User Account
LUA: Limited User Account
LUN: Logical Unit Number
MAK: Multiple Activation Key
MAP: Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit
MBS: Microsoft Business Solutions
MBSA: Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
MCAD: Microsoft Certified Application Developer
MCITP: Microsoft Certified IT Professional
MCP: Microsoft Certified Professional
MCSA: Microsoft Certified System Administrator
MCSD: Microsoft Certified System Developer
MCSE: Microsoft Certified System Engineer
MCTS: Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist
MDAC: Microsoft Data Access Components
MDM: Master Data Management
MDOP: Microsoft Desktop Optimization Pack
MDT: Microsoft Deployment Toolkit
MDX: Multidimensional Expressions
MFC: Microsoft Foundation Classes
MGX: Microsoft’s Global Exchange
MLGPO: Multiple Local Group Policy Objects
MMC: Microsoft Management Console
MMPC: Microsoft Malware Protection Center
MMS: Microsoft Management Summit
MOM: Microsoft Operations Manager
MOSS: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server
MPA: Microsoft Product Activation
MRU: Most Recently Used
MSAA: Microsoft Active Accessibility
MSDE: Microsoft Data Engine
MSDN Microsoft Developer Network
MSI: Microsoft Software Installer
MSL: Microsoft Support Lifecycle
MSMQ: Microsoft Message Queuing
MSN: Microsoft Network
MSP: Microsoft Software Patch
MSRT: Malicious Software Removal Tool
MST: Microsoft Software Transform
MSU: Microsoft Software Update (For updates on Vista and later)
MTA: Message Transfer Agent
MTP: Media Transfer Protocol
MTS: Microsoft Transaction Server
MUI: Multi-lingual User Interface
MVLS: Microsoft Volume Licensing Services
MVP: Most Valuable Professional
NAP: Network Access Point
NAP: Network Access Protection
NAQC: Network Access Quarantine Control
NDF: Network Diagnostics Framework
NLA: Network Location Awareness
NPS: Network Policy Server
NTFS: NT File System
NTLM: NT LAN Manager
OAK: OEM Adaption Kit
OAW: Office Activation Wizard

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OCA: Online Crash Analysis

OLE: Object Linking and Embedding
OOBE: Out-of-Box Experience (Windows Welcome screen)
OPML: Outlined Processor Markup Language
OPP: Office Protection Platform
OSD: Operating System Deployment
OU: Organizational Units
P2V: Physical machine-to-virtual machine
PAE: Physical Address Extension
PCM: Package Command Manager
PDC: Primary domain controller
PDC: Professional Developer Conference
PDO: Physical Device Object
PFD: PREfast for Drivers
PGM: Pragmatic General Multicast
PIT: Programmable interrupt timer
PMP: Protected Media Path
PNRP: Peer Name Resolution Protocol
PPTP: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PUMA: Protected User-Mode Audio
PVP: Protected Video Path
PVP: Protected Video Playback
QFE: Quick Fix Engineering
QM: Queue Manager
QoS: Quality of Service
RAC: Reliability Analysis Component
RAC: Rights Account Certificate
RAPs: Resource Access Policies
RAS: Remote Access Service
RDP: Remote Desktop Protocol
RFM: Reduced Functionality Mode
RIS: Remote Installation Services
RMM: Real-mode Mapper
RMS: Rights Management Services
RODC: Read-Only Domain Controller
RPC: Remote Procedure Call
RSM: Removable Storage Manager
RSoP: Resultant Set of Policy
RTM: Release to Manufacturing
RUP: Roaming User Profiles
RUS: Russian (language code)
SACL: System Access Control List
SAM: Security Accounts Manager
SAM: Software Asset Management
SAML: Security Assertion Markup Language
SAT: Setup Analysis Tools
SBS: Server-based-setup
SCE: Security Configuration Editor
SDDL: Security Descriptor Definition Language
SDI: System Disk Image
SDL: Security Development Lifecycle
SEH: Structured Exception Handler
SFC: System File Checker
SFP: System File Protection
SHAs: System health agents
SHVs: System health validators
SIS: Single Instance Store
SKOM: Software Kit Object Model
SKU: Stock Keeping Units
SMB: Server Message Block

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SMI: Settings Management Interface

SMS: System Management Server
SoH: Statement of Health
SP: Service Pack
SPID: Service Profile Identifier
SPP: Software Protection Platform
SRT: System Repair Tool
SSDP: Simple Service Discovery Protocol
SSIS: SQL Server Integration Services
SSU: Servicing Stack Update
SUA: Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications
SUS: Software Update Services
SYSVOL: System Volume
TAM: Technical account manager
TAP: Technology Adoption Program
TAPI: Telephony Application Programming Interface
TDI: Transport Driver Interface
TGS: Ticket-granting service
TMM: Transient Mobility Manager
TPM: Trusted Platform Module
TS: Terminal Services
TSE: Terminal Server Edition
UAC: User Account Control
UAM: User Authentication Model
UCE: Update Compatibility Evaluator
UIA: Update Impact Analyzer
UPN: User Principal Name
USMT: User State Migration Tool
UTC: Coordinated Universal Time
UVC: USB Video Class
VAMT: Volume Activation Management Tool
VAR: Vista Readiness Assessment
VDM: Virtual DOS Machine
VHD: Virtual Hard Disks
VIA: Virus Information Alliance
VLAN: Virtual local area network
VLK: Volume License Key
VM: Virtual Machine
VMK: Volume Master Key
VMM: Virtual Machine Manager
VMRC: Virtual Machine Remote Control
VSMT: Virtual Server Migration Toolkit
VSS: Volume Shadow Copy Service
WARP: Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform
WAS: Windows Activation Service
WAT: Windows Activation Technology
WBT: Windows Based Terminal
WCF: Windows Communication Foundation
WDDM: Windows Device Driver Model
WDF: Windows Driver Foundation
WDI: Windows Diagnostic Infrastructure
WDK: Windows Driver Kit
WDL: Windows Driver Library
WDM: Windows Driver Model
WDS: Windows Deployment Services
WDTF: Windows Device Testing Framework
WEI: Windows Experience Index
WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy
WER: Windows Error Reporting
WF: Workflow Foundation

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WFP: Windows File Protection

WFP: Windows Filtering Platform
WfW: Windows for Workgroups
WHDC: Windows Hardware Developer Central
WHQL: Windows Hardware Quality Lab
WIA: Windows Imaging Architecture
WIM: Windows Imaging Format
WINS: Windows Internet Name Service
WLK: Windows Logo Kit
WLM: Windows Live Messenger
WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation
WOW: Windows on Windows
WPA: Windows Product Activation
WPE: Windows Protection Error
WPF: Windows Presentation Foundation
WRP: Windows Resource Protection
WSC: Windows Security Center
WSIM: Windows System Image Manager
WSK: Windows Socket Kernel
WSUS: Windows Server Update Services
WUA: Windows Update Agent
WVCE: Windows Vista Compatibility Evaluator
XAML: Extensible Application Markup Language
XPM: Windows XP Mode
XPS: XML Paper Specification
XrML: Extensible Rights Markup Language
ZAP: ZAW Down-level Applications Package
ZAW: Zero Administration for Windows
ZTI: Zero Touch Installation

Addendum:
AACS: Advanced Access Content System
ADUC: Active Directory Users and Computers
AGPM: Advanced Group Policy Management
APIPA: Automatic private IP address
AppID: Application ID
CLSID: Class Identifier
DaRT: Diagnostics and Recovery Toolset
LGPOs: Local Group Policy Objects
MDOP: Microsoft Desktop Optimization Pack
MHTML: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension Hypertext Markup Language
MMCSS: Multimedia Class Scheduler Service
MS ADPCM: Microsoft Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
MS DTC: Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator
MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language
MSXML: Microsoft Core Extensible Markup Language
OOXML: Office Open XML
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
PNRP: Peer Name Resolution Protocol
RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
RASQEC: Remote Access Server Quarantine Enforcement Client
RRAS: Routing and Remote Access Service
RSVP: Reservation Services Virtual Protocol
SASC: Solution Accelerators – Security and Compliance
SCCM: System Center Configuration Manager
SDDL: Security Descriptor Definition Language
SEHOP: Enable Structured Exception Handling Overwrite Protection
SIM: Windows System Image Manager
SSLF: Specialized Security – Limited Functionality

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SSMSE: SQL Server Management Studio Express

SSTP: Secure Sockets Tunnel Protocol
Sysprep: System Preparation Tool
UACCE: User Account Control Compatibility Evaluator
Windows AIK: Windows Automated Installation Kit
Windows PE: Windows Pre-installation Environment
Windows SIM: Windows System Image Manager
WinFLP: Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
WinPE: Windows Pre-installation Environment
WinRE: Windows Recovery Environment
WinRS: Windows Remote Shell
WinSAT: Windows System Assessment Tools
WSRM: Windows System Resource Manager
PowerShell ISE: PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment

Other Acronyms (non-Microsoft):

AAC: Advanced Audio Coding
AC: Alternating Current
ACPI: Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
ACR: Advanced Communications Riser
ADF: Automatic Document Feeder
AE: Applications Engineer
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard
AFS: Andrew File System
AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port
AI: Artificial Intelligence
AICPA: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
AIFF: Audio Interchange File Format
AJAX: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
ALU: Arithmetic-Logic Unit
AM: Amplitude Modulated
AMD: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
AMI: American Megatrends Inc.
AMR: Audio Modem Riser
ANSI: American National Standards Institute
AoE: Ata over Ethernet
APIC: Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
APM: Advanced Power Management
ARC: Advanced RISC Computing
ARIA: Accessible Rich Internet Application
ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASP: Active Server Pages
ASP: Application Service Provider
ASPI: Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
AT: Advanced Technology
ATA: Advanced Technology Attachment
ATAPI: ATA Packet Interface
ATDM: Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing
ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATS: Automatic Transfer Switch
ATV: Assistive Technology Vendor
ATX: AT eXtended
AUI: Attached Unit Interface
AUP: Acceptable-Use Policy
B2B: Business-to-Business
BAP: Bandwidth Allocation Protocol
BAR: Base Address Registers
BBS: Bulletin Board System
BCC: Blind Carbon Copy

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BCC: Block Check Character

BCD: Binary Coded Decimal
BD: Blue-Ray Disc
BDM: Business Decision Maker
BE: Back End
BEDO: Burst EDO
BGP: Border Gateway Protocol
BIND: Berkeley Internet Domain Name
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System
BMB: Baseboard Management Bus
BNC: Bayonet Nut Connector
BPI: British Phonographic Industry
bps: Bytes/bits Per Second
Bps: Bits per second
BSC: Binary Synchronous Communications
BSD: Berkeley Standard Distribution
BTU: British Thermal Units
CA: Certification Authority
CAD: Computer-Aided Design
CAM: Common Access Method
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAM: Content Addressable Memory
CAP: Columbia Appletalk Protocol
CAS: Column Address Strobe
CBX: Common Branch eXtender
CCD: Charge Coupled Device
CD: Carrier Detect
CDDI: Copper Distributed Data Interface
CDP: Continuous Data Protection
CD-ROM: Compact Disk Read-Only Memory
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CERT: Computer Emergency Response Team
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
CGA: Color Graphics Adapter
CGI: Common Gateway Interface
CHAP: Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CHS: Cylinder Head Sector
CIAC: Computer Incident Advisory Capability
CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing
CIFS: Common Internet File System
CIO: Chief Information Officer
CISC: Complex Instruction-Set Computer
CLA: Carry Look-ahead Adder
CLI: Command-line Interface
CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CMS: Content Management System
CNAME: Common NAME (DNS record)
CNG: Crypto Next Generation
CNR: Communications and Network Riser
COA: Certificate of Authenticity
COO: Chief Operating Officer
CP/M: Control Program / Monitor
CPI: Clocks Per Instruction
CPU: Central Processing Unit
CQFP: Ceramic Quad Flat Pack
CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRIA: Canadian Recording Industry Association
CRIMM: Continuity RIMM
CRM: Customer Relationship Management
CRQ: Command Response Queue

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CRT: Cathode Ray Tube

CSE: Customer Support Engineer
CSID: Called subscriber ID
CSP: Cryptographic Service Provider
CSR: Command Status Register
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets
CSS: Content Scramble System
CTO: Chief Technology Officer
CTS: Clear To Send
CVE: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
DAC: Dual Address Cycle
DAD: Disk Access Density
DAS: Directly Attached Storage
DAT: Digital Audio Tape
DBI: Dynamic Bus Inversion
DC: Direct Current
DCD: Data Carrier Detect
DCE: Data Circuit-terminating Equipment
DD: Double Density
DDC: Display Data Channel
DDoS: Distributed Denial of Service
DDR: Double Data Rate
DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation
DES: Data Encryption Standard
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DID: Direct Inward Dial
DIMM: Dual Inline Memory Module
DIMS: Digital Identity Management Service
DIP: Dual-In-line Package
DIS: Draft International Standard
DLM: Distributed Lock Manager
DLT: Digital Linear Tape
DMA: Direct Memory Access
DMI: Desktop Management Interface
DNS: Domain Name System
DOM: Document Object Model
DoS: Denial of Service
DOS: Disk Operating System
DPE: Data Parity Error
DPI: Dots per Inch
DPSK: Differential Phase Shift Keying
DR: Disaster Recovery
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRM: Digital Rights Management
DRM: Dual Retention Mechanism
DS: Double Sided
DSA: Digital Signature Algorithm
DSL: Digital Subscriber Line
DSP: Digital Signal Processor
DSR: Data Set Ready
DSS: Digital Signature Standard
DTC: Data Terminal Controller
DTD: Document Type Definition
DTE: Data Terminating Equipment
DTMF: Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency
DTR: Data Terminal Ready
DUN: Dial-up Networking
DVD: Digital Versatile Disc
EAP: Extensible Authentication Protocol
EAP: Employee Assistance Program

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EC: Error Check

ECC: Error Check and Correction
ECL: Emitter-Coupled Logic
ECO: Engineering Change Order
ECP: Enhanced Communication Port
ECP: Extended Capabilities Port
ECU: EISA Configuration Utility
EDA: Electronic Design Automation
EDO: Extended Data Out (RAM)
EDPT: Enhanced Disk Parameter Table
EFI: Extensible Firmware Interface
EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adapter
EIA: Electronic Industries Association
EIDE: Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics
EIGRP: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
EISA: Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture
EMC: Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EMF: Electro-Magnetic Force
EMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference
EMS: Expanded Memory Specification
EOF: End Of File
EOL: End-of-life
EOS: Electrical Over Stress
EOS: End-of-sale
EPIC: Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
EPO: Emergency Power Off
EPP: Enhanced Parallel Port
EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning
ESCD: Extended System Configuration Data
ESD: Electro-Static Discharge
ESDI: Enhanced Small Devices Interface
ESE: Extensible Storage Engine
ETR: Estimated Time to Repair
ETSI: European Telecommunication Standards Institute
EU: European Union
EULA: End User License Agreement
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration
FAQ: Frequently Asked Question
FAT: File Allocation Table
FC-AL: Fibre Channel-Arbitrated Loop
FCC: Federal Communications Commission
FDD: Fixed / Floppy Disk Drive
FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing
FDX: Full-Duplex Transmission
FE: Front End
FEP: Front End Processor
FF: Form Feed
FIFO: First-In First-Out
FILO: First-In Last-Out
FIPS: Federal Information Processing Standard
FM: Frequency Modulation
FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array
FPM: Fast Page Mode RAM
FPP: Full Packaged Product
Fps: Frames per second
FPU: Floating Point Unit
FQDN: fully qualified domain name
FRC: Functional Redundancy Checking

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FRU: Field-Replaceable Unit

FSB: Front Side Bus
FSF: Free Software Foundation
FSK: Frequency Shifty Keying
FTP: File Transfer Program
GAS: Gallium Arsenide
GNU: GNU's Not UNIX
GPT: GUID partition table
gTLD: Generic top-level domain
GUI: Graphical User Interface
GXA: Global XML Web Services Architecture
HBA: Host Bus Adapter
HD: High Definition
HD: High Density
HDCP: High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection
HDD: Hard Disk Drive
HDF: Hierarchical Data Format
HDTV: High Definition Television
HDX: Half-Duplex Transmission
HFS: Hierarchical File System
HHA: Handheld Authenticator
HID: Human Interface device
HPFS: High Performance File System
HS: Helical Scan
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
HWID: Hardware ID
I/O: Input / Output
IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IBM: International Business Machines Corporation
IC: Integrated Circuit
ICA: Independent Computer Architecture
ICC: International Color Consortium
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
ICP: Internet Content Provider
ICS: Incident Command System
ICS: Internet Connection Sharing
IDC: Insulation Displacement Connector
IDE: Integrated Device Electronics
IDF: Intel Developer Forum
IDF: Intermediate Distribution Frame
IDN: Internationalized Domain Name
IDS: Intrusion Detection System
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
IFPI: International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
IHV: Independent Hardware Vendor
IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol
IMP: Interface Message Processor
IP: Intellectual Property
IPC: Inter Process Communication
IPv4: Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6
IPX: Inter network Packet eXchange
IR: Infra-Red
IRQ: Interrupt Request
IS: Information Systems
ISA: Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network

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iSNS: Internet Storage Name Server

ISO: International Standards Organization
ISP: Internet Service Provider
ISV: Independent Software Vendor
ITIL: Information Technology Infrastructure Library
JFS: Journalized File System
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
JRE: Java Runtime Environment
JSP: Java Server Pages
KNI: Katmai New Instructions
KVM: Keyboard, Video, Mouse
LAN: Local Area Network
LBA: Linear Block Array / Addressing
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LED: Light Emitting Diode
LF: Line Feed
LIM: Lotus/Intel/Microsoft's Expanded Memory Manager (EMS)
LISA: Large Installation System Administration
LOB: Line of Business
LPDP: Line Printer Daemon Protocol
LRU: Least-Recently Used
LSB: Least Significant Bit
LSI: Large Scale Integration
LUN: Logical Unit Number
LZW: Lempel Ziv Welch (Compression algorithm)
MAN: Metropolitan Area Network
MB: Mega Bytes
MBR: Master Boot Record
MCA: Machine Check Architecture
MCA: Micro Channel Architecture
MCGA: Multi-Colour Graphics Array
MCH: Memory Controller Hub
MCM: Multi-Chip Module
MD4: Message Digest 4
MD5: Message Digest 5
MD6: Message Digest 6
MDA: Mail-Delivery Agent
MDF: Main Distribution Frame
MFD: Multi-Function Device
MFM: Modified Frequency Modulated
MIB: Management Information Base
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIMD: Multiple Instruction Multiple Data
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
MIPS: Millions of Instructions per Second
MIS: Management Information Systems
MISD: Multiple-Instruction Single Data
MLD: Multicast Listener Discovery
MMU: Memory Management Unit
MMX: Multi-Media Extensions
MNP: Microcom Network Protocol
MOPS: Millions of Operations per Second
MOS: Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
MP: Multi-Processor
MPEG: Moving Pictures Experts Group
MPLS: Multi Protocol Label Switching
MPP: Massively Parallel Processor
MPS: Multi-Processor System

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MPT: Memory Protocol Translator

MRTG: Multirouter Traffic Grapher
MSB: Most Significant Bit
MSI: Medium Scale Integration
MTA: Mail Transport Agent
MTBF: Mean Time before Failure
MTH: Memory Translator Hub
MTP: Media Transfer Protocol
MTTR: Mean Time to Repair
MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit
MUA: Mail User Agent
MX: Mail Exchanger
N/C: No-Connect
NAS: Network-Attached Storage
NAT: Network Address Translation
NBS: National Bureau of Standards
NBT: NetBIOS over TCP/IP
NCD: Network Computing Devices
NCSA: National Center for Supercomputing Applications
NDA: Non-Disclosure Agreement
NDIS: Network Driver Interface Specification
NDR: Non-Delivery Report
NDS: Novell Directory Service
NEBS: Network Equipment Building System
NFS: Network File System
NFU: Not-Frequently Used
NIC: Network Interface Card
NIS: Network Information Service
NMI: Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP: Network News Transfer Protocol
NOC: Network Operations Center
NOP: No OPeration
NOW: Network of Workstations
NRU: Not-Recently Used
NSF: National Science Foundation
NUD: Neighbor Unreachability Detection
OCI: Oracle Call Interface
OCR: Optical Character Recognition
OCSP: Online Certificate Status Protocol
ODF: Open Document Format
ODI: Open Datalink Interface
OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLTP: Online Transaction Processing
OPS: Operations Per Second
OS: Operating System
OSF: Open Software Foundation
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSI: Open Systems Interconnection (OSI model)
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
OTP: One-Time Password
P2P: Peer-to-peer
PAC: PCI AGP Controller
PAM: Pluggable Authentication Module
PAN: Personal Area Network
PANU: Personal Area Network User
PARIS: Programmable Automatic Remote Installation Service
PATA: Parallel ATA
PBX: Private Branch eXtender
PC: Personal Computer / Program Counter
PCB: Printed Circuit Board

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PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCM: Pulse Code Modulation
PDA: Personal Digital Assistants
PDF: Portable Document Format
PDU: Power-Distribution Unit
PE: Processor Element
PEAP: Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol
PFF: Page Fault Frequency
PGA: Pin Grid Array
PIC: Programmable Interrupt Controller
PICS: Parental Internet Content Selection
PID: Product ID
PIN: Personal Identification Number
PIO: Programmed Input / Output
PIROM: Processor Information ROM
PLCC: Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
PLL: Phase Locked Loop
PM: Preventive Maintenance
PNG: Portable Network Graphics
PnP: Plug-and-Play
POP: Post Office Protocol
POP3: Post Office Protocol 3
POPI: Protection of Proprietary Information
POST: Power on Self Test
PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol
PQFP: Plastic Quad Flat Pack
PR: Public Relations
PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory
PSIPC: PCI Super I/O Integrated Peripheral Controller
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
PTE: Page Table Entry
PVR: Personal Video Recorder
PXE: Pre-boot Execution Environment
QA: Quality Assurance
QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QFP: Quad Flat Pack
QIC: Quarter Inch Cartridge
QoS: Quality of Service
QPS: Queries Per Second
RAID: Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM: Random Access Memory
RAS: Row Address Strobe
RAS: Remote Access Server
RCA: Radio Corporation of America
RCC: Routing Control Centre
RCS: Revision Control System
RF: Radio Frequency
RFC: Request for Comment
RFI: Radio Frequency Interference
RI: Ring Indicator
RID: Relative ID
RIFF: Resource Interchange File Format
RIMM: Rambus Inline Memory Module
RIP: Routing Information Protocol
RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computing
RLL: Run Length Limited
RMA: Returned Merchandise Authorization
RMS: Root Mean Squared
RMW: Read Modify Write
ROI: Return on Investment

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ROM: Read Only Memory

RPC: Remote Procedure Call
RPC: Remote Procedure Call
RPM: Rotations per Minute
RSS: Really Simple Syndication
RTC: Real Time Clock
RTS: Request To Send
RTT: Round-Trip Time
S4U: Service-for-User
SA: System Administrator
SACL: System Access Control List
SAGE: System Administrator’s Guild
SAM: Sequential Access Memory
SAN: Storage-Area Network
SANS: System Administration, Network, and Security
SAS-70: Statement of Auditing Standards, No. 70
SASL: Simple Authentication and Security Layer
SATA: Serial ATA
SBM: Subnet Bandwidth Management
SCCS: Source Code Control System
SCI: Special Circumstance Instructions
SCM: Software Configuration Management
SCSI: Small Computer System Interface
SD: Single Density
SDK: Software Development Kit
SDLC: Synchronous Data Link Control
SDP: Session Description Protocol
SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic RAM
SE: Systems Engineer
SEC: Single Edge Contact
SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
SECC: Single Edge Contact Cartridge
SFF: Small Form Factor
SFM: Services for Macintosh
SGC: Server Gated Cryptography
SID: Security Identifier
SIMD: Same Instruction Multiple Data
SIMM: Single Inline Memory Module
SIPP: Single Inline Pinned Package
SISD: Single-Instruction Single-Data
SLA: Service-Level Agreement
SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol
SMB: Small and Medium scale Business
SMBUS: System Management Bus
SMD: Surface Mount Device
SME: Subject Matter Expert
SMI: System Management Interrupt
SMP: Symmetric Multiprocessing
SMT: Surface Mount Technology
SMT: Symmetric Multi-Threading
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNA: System Network Architecture
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio
SOA: Start of Authority
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
SoHo: Small Office Home Office
SOIC: Small Outline Integrated Circuit
SONET: Synchronous Optical Network
SPA: Secure Password Authentication

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SPOOL: Simultaneous Peripheral Operation on Line

SPT: Sectors per Track
SPU: Single Processor Unit
SQL: Structured Query Language
SRAM: Static Random Access Memory
SS: Single Sided
SSE: Streaming SIMD Extensions
SSE2: Streaming SIMD Extensions 2
SSH: Secure Shell
SSI: Server Side Includes
SSID: Service Set Identifier
SSL: Secure Sockets Layer
STD: Security Tool Distributor
STDM: Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing
STN: Super Twisted Nematic
STP: Spanning Tree Protocol
STR: Suspend To RAM
STU: Streaming Tape Unit
SUID: Set User ID
SVGA: Super Video Graphics Array
SynIC: Synthetic Interrupt Controller
TCG: Trusted Computing Group
TCM: Trellis Code Modulation
TCO: Total Cost of Ownership
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
TDD: Test-Driven Development
TDM: Time Division Multiplexing
TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TI: Texas Instruments
TIA: Telecomm. Industry Association
TIME: Timed Interactive Multimedia Extensions
TLB: Translation-Lookaside Buffer
TLD: Top-level domain
TLS: Transport Layer Security
TPI: Tracks per Inch
TSID: Transmitting station ID
TSR: Terminate and Stay Resident
TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic
TTL: Time to Live
UAE: Unrecoverable Application Error
UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UCE: Unsolicited Commercial Email
UCS: Unicode Character System
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
UEFI: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
UFD: Universal Flash Device
UID: User Identification
UMB: Upper Memory Block
UNC: Universal Naming Convention
UPN: User Principal Names
UPS: Uninterruptible power supply
USB: Universal Serial Bus
USL: UNIX System Labs
UUCP: UNIX to UNIX Copy Program
VAR: Value Added Reseller
VBE: Video BIOS Extensions
VCCU: Sony VAIO Camera Capture Utility
VCR: Video Cassette Recorder
VESA: Video Enhanced Standards Association

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VGA: Video Graphics Array

VID: Voltage ID
VIF: Virtual Interface
VLAN: Virtual LAN
VLB: VESA Local Bus
VLIW: Very Long Instruction Word
VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration
VM: Virtual Memory
VME: Versa Module Euro-card
VPN: Virtual Private Network
VRAM: Video Random Access Memory
VRRP: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
VRT: Voltage Reduction Technology
VSC: Virtualization Service Client
VSP: Virtualization Service Provider
VTR: Video Tape Recorder
W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
WAFL: Write Anywhere File Layout
WAN: Wide Area Network
WATS: Wide Area Telephone Service
WD: Western Digital
WEC: Web Extender Client protocol
WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy
WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
WOL: Wake-up On LAN
WORM: Write Once - Read-Many
WPA2: Wi-Fi Protected Access 2
WPAD: Web Proxy AutoDiscovery
WS: Wait State
XGA: eXtended Graphics Array
XML: eXtensible Markup Language
XMS: Extended Memory Specification
XOR: Exclusive-OR
XSL: XML Style Sheet
XT: eXtended Technology
ZIF: Zero Insertion Force

Long Acronyms (non-Microsoft):

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
AUSCERT: Australian Computer Emergency Response Team
BiCMOS: Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CCITT: Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique
ccTLD: Country code top-level domains
Codec: Compressor/Decompressor
CompTIA: Computing Technology Industry Association
CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple-Access /with Collision Detect
CSU/DSU: Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit
DARPA: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DHTML: Dynamic HTML
DNSSEC: Domain Name System Security Extensions
EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
ESMTP: Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
exFAT: Extended File Allocation Table
GFLOPS: Billions of FLOating Point Operations Per Second (GigaFlops)
HDDVD: High Definition DVD
IOAPIC: Input Output Advanced PIC
IOMMU: I/O Memory Management Unit
IPSec: Internet Protocol Security

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ISATAP: Intrasite Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol

ITU-T: International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication
LLMNR: Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution
LOPSA: League of Professional System Administrators
MDRAM: Multi-bank RAM
MFLOPS: Millions of FLOating Point Operations per Second (MegaFlops)
MODEM: MOdulator / DEModulator
MONET: Multiwavelength Optical Network
NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NetBIOS: Network basic input/output system
NGSCB: Next Generation Secure Computing Base
NMOS: Negatively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
NVRAM: NonVolatile Random Access Memory
OASIS: Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards
PAL/PLA: Programmable Array Logic / Logic Array
PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PMOS: Positively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX
PPPoE: Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
RAMDAC: Random Access Memory Digital to Analogue Converter
RDRAM: Rambus DRAM
S/MIME: Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
S/PDIF: Sony/Philips Digital Interface
SGRAM: Synchronous Graphics RAM
SHA-1: Secure Hash Algorithm
SHTTP: Secure HTTP
SP Platform: Software Protection Platform
SSL/TLS: Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security
TRANSISTOR: TRANSformer resISTOR
UTF-8: Unicode Transmission Format 8
WebDAV: Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning
WRAM: Window Random Access Memory
WYSIWYG: What-you-see-is-what-you-get

File Formats Descriptions

AFP: IBM Document Imaging (*.afp)
ANI: Animated Cursor and Icon Files (*.ani)
AWD: Microsoft FAX (*.awd)
BMP: Windows or OS/2 Bitmap (*.bmp)
CAL: CALS Raster (*.cal)
CGM: Computer Graphics Metafile (*.cgm)
CLP: Microsoft Windows Clipboard Resource (*.clp)
CMP: LEAD Image Format (*.cmp)
CMX: Corel Presentations Exchange Image (*.cmx)
CUR: Windows Cursor (*.cur)
CUT: Dr. Halo (*.cut)
DCM: Multi-page PCX File Format (*.dcm; *.dic)
DCX: Multi-page PCX File Format (*.dcx)
DGN: Intergraph MicroStation CAD format (*.dgn;*.rdl)
DIB: Windows or OS/2 DIB (*.dib)
DRW: Drawing Micrografx Designer (*.drw)
DWF: AutoDesk AutoCAD 2D Vector (*.dwf)
DWG: AutoDesk AutoCAD Binary format (*.dwf)
DXF: Autodesk Drawing Interface (*.dxf)
EMF: Windows Metafile (*.wmf;*.emf)
EPS: Encapsulated PostScript Raster (*.eps)
EXF: Fuji EXIF (*.exf;*.exif)
FAX: Raw FAX Format (*.fax)
FPX: Kodax FlashPix (*.fpx)

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GBR: Gerber (*.gbr)

GEM: Ventura/GEM Drawing (*.gem)
GIF: CompuServe Gif (*.gif)
ICA: IOCA Image Object Content Architecture (*.ica;*.ioca)
ICO: Windows Icon (*.ico;*.icn)
IFF: Interchange File Format (*.iff)
ILBM: Deluxe Paint (*.lbm)
IMG: Gem Paint (*.img)
ITG: Intergraph Format (*.itg)
J2K: JPEG 2000 (*.j2k)
JBG: JBIG Lossless Imaging Format (*.jbg)
JIF: JPEG - JFIF Compliant (*.jif;*.jiff;*.jfif)
JPG: JPEG - JFIF Compliant (*.jpg;*.jpe;*.jpeg)
JTIF: JPEG - JTIF Compliant (*.jtif)
LBM: Deluxe Paint (*.lbm )
MAC: MacPaint (*.mac)
PBM: Portable Bitmap (*.pbm)
PCD: Kodak Photo CD (*.pcd)
PCL: Printer Command Language (*.pcl)
PCT: Macintosh PICT (*.pct;*.pict)
PCX: Zsoft Paintbrush (*.pcx;*Dcx)
PDF: Portable Document Format (*.pdf)
PGM: Portable Graymap (*.pgm)
PLT: Hewlett - Packard Graphics (*.plt)
PNG: Portable Network Graphics (*.png)
PNM: Portable Anymap File Format (*.pnm)
PPM: Portable Pixelmap (*.ppm)
PSD: Adobe Photoshop (*.psd)
RAS: Sun Raster Images (*.ras)
RAW: Raw File Format (*.raw)
RLE: Windows or CompuServe (*.rle)
SCT: Scitex Continuous Tone (*.sct)
SGI: SGI Image File Format (*.sgi)
SHP: ESRI Shape (*.shp)
SMP: Xionics PixEdit (*.smp)
TGA: Truevision Targa (*.tga;*.targa)
TIFF: Tagged Image File Format (*.tif;*.tiff)
WBMP: Wireless Bitmap (*.)
WFX: Winfax Image (*.wfx)
WMF: Windows Metafile (*.wmf;*.emf)
WPG: WordPerfect Raster (*.wpg)
XBM: XBitMap (*.xbm)
XPM: XPicMap (*.xpm)
XWD: X Window Dump (*.xwd)

Multimedia File Formats

.3g2: 3GPP2 Media
.3gp: 3GPP Media
.3gp2: 3GPP2 Media
.3gpp: 3GPP Media
.669: 669 Module Sound
.aac: AAC Audio
.ac3: AC3 Audio
.acf: CAF Audio
.acp: AAC for SD
.adts: AAC Audio
.aif: AIFF File
.aifc: AIFF File
.aiff: AIFF File

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.amc: AMC Media

.amf: AMF Module Sound
.amr: AMR Narrow-Band Content
.ams: AMS Module Sound
.ape: Monkey’s Audio
.asf: Advanced Systems Format
.asx: Advanced Stream Redirector
.au: UNIX Audio (Sun Microsystems, NeXT and Silicon Graphics computers)
.avi: Audio Visual Interleave
.awr: AMR Wide-Band Content
.bwf: Wave Audio
.cda: CD Audio Track
.cdda: AIFF File
.cel: Autodesk Animator
.dbm: DBM Module Sound
.dif: Digital Video
.divx: DivX Video
.dmf: DMF Sound
.dv: Digital Video
.dvr-ms: Microsoft Digital Video Recording
.far: FAR Sound
.flac: Free Lossless Audio Codec
.flc: Autodesk Animator
.fli: Autodesk Animator
.flv: Flash Video
.gsm: GSM Audio
.ifo: DVD Video
.ims: IMS Karaoke Sequence
.it: IT Module Sound
.ivf: Indeo Video Technology
.kar: Karaoke MIDI Sequence
.m15: MPEG Media
.m1a: MPEG Media
.m1s: MPEG Media
.m1v: MPEG-1
.m3u: MP3 metafile playlist
.m3url: MP3 metafile playlist
.m4a: MPEG-4 Audio
.m4b: AAC Audio Book
.m4e: MPEG-4 file
.m4p: AAC Audio (Protected)
.m4v: MPEG Video (Protected)
.m75: MPEG Media
.mdl: MDL Module Sound
.med: MED Module Sound
.mid: MIDI File
.midi: MIDI File
.mka: Matroska Audio
.mkv: Matroska Video
.mod: MOD Module Sound
.mov: QuickTime Movie
.mp2: MPEG Audio Layer II
.mp3: MPEG Audio Layer III
.mp4: MPEG-4 media file (Audio & Video)
.mpa: MPEG Audio Layer II
.mpc: MPEG Plus Audio
.mpe: MPEG Format
.mpeg: MPEG-1
.mpg: MPEG-1
.mpga: MPEG Audio

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.mpm: MPEG Media

.mpv: MPEG Media
.mpv2: MPEG Format
.mqv: QuickTime Movie
.mt2: MT2 Module Sound
.mtm: MTM Module Sound
.ofr: Optimfrog Lossless Audio
.ofs: Optimfrog DualStream Audio
.ogg: OGG Vorbis Sound
.ogm: OGG Vorbis Media
.okt: OKT Module Sound
.pls: Audio Playlist
.ptm: PTM Module Sound
.qcp: QUALLCOM PureVoice Audio
.qht: QiuckTime Html
.qhtm: QiuckTime Html
.qt: QuickTime Movie
.ra: Real Audio
.ram: Real Audio Shortcut
.rm: Real Audio / Real Video
.rmi: Musical Instrument Digital Interface
.rmvb: Real Audio / Real Video VBR
.rp: RealPix
.rt: Real Text
.rts: RTSP stream Descriptor
.rtsp: RTSP stream Descriptor
.rv: Real Video
.s3m: S3M Module Sound
.sd2: Sound Designer II
.sdp: Scalable Multicast (SDP stream descriptor)
.sdv: SD Video
.smf: MIDI File
.smi: SMIL Multimedia Presentation
.smil: SMIL Multimedia Presentation
.sml: SMIL Multimedia Presentation
.snd: sound (Sun Microsystems, NeXT and Silicon Graphics computers)
.spx: Speex Sound
.ssm: Streaming Media Metafile
.svd: Super Video CD
.swf: Flash media
.tp: MPEG-2 Transport Stream
.trp: MPEG-2 Transport Stream
.ts: MPEG-2 Transport Stream
.ult: ULT Module Sound
.ulw: uLaw Audio
.umx: UMX Module Sound
.vcd: Video CD
.vfw: Video for Windows (AVI)
.vob: DVD Video
.wav: Wave Audio
.wax: Windows Media Audio Redirector
.wm: Windows Media Audio/Video file
.wma: Windows Media Audio
.wmd: Windows Media Download Package
.wms: Windows Media Player Skins
.wmv: Windows Media Video
.wmx: Windows Media Redirector
.wmz: Windows Media Player Skins
.wpl: Windows Media Player Playlist
.wvx: Windows Media Video Redirector

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.xm: XM Module Sound

.xpl: Audio Playlist
END

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