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Mic Types

The document discusses different types of microphones, including their uses and characteristics. It describes dynamic microphones, which can reliably capture loud sounds without distortion. It also covers condenser microphones, which have improved fidelity but require phantom power. Electret condenser microphones eliminate the need for polarizing power. Laser microphones can detect sound vibrations in distant objects using a laser beam.

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Sydney Atin
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264 views

Mic Types

The document discusses different types of microphones, including their uses and characteristics. It describes dynamic microphones, which can reliably capture loud sounds without distortion. It also covers condenser microphones, which have improved fidelity but require phantom power. Electret condenser microphones eliminate the need for polarizing power. Laser microphones can detect sound vibrations in distant objects using a laser beam.

Uploaded by

Sydney Atin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The term microphone was coined by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1827.

However, the
very first microphone was invented by Emile Berliner in 1876, to be used as a voice
transmitter for Alexander Graham Bell's new invention, the telephone. Two years
later in 1878, David Edward Hughes invented the carbon microphone

Omnidirectional

When recording the sound of the room such as with room mics for drums.
When recording a wide sound source such as an orchestra, choir, or grand
piano.
When recording a moving target such as an acoustic guitar player who
cant sit still.
When recording in stereo such as with the common A/B technique.

Bidirectional(figure-8)

For stereo recording, figure-8 mics are required to perform both the Blumlein
Pair, and Mid/Side stereo techniques.
With ribbon mics, the physical make up of the design often requires a figure-8
polar pattern. If you like ribbon mics for their sound, the figure-8 pattern
simply comes as part of the package.
To isolate instruments in close proximity, figure-8 mics are ideal because they
completely reject sound from the sides.
Unidirectional(Cardioid)

Records where you point it, and ignores everything else.


But here are some specific examples of when its ESPECIALLY useful:
Miking up a drum kit With so many instruments so close together, isolation
might seem impossible. But it CAN be done, with the right cardioid mics,
positioned in the right spots.
Live performances On-stage, when sounds are coming at you from all
directions, cardioid mics are great maintaining isolation and preventing
feedback.
Untreated rooms In rooms with poor acoustics, close-miking with cardioid
mics can work wonders at minimizing reflected sound.

Dynamic

Thanks to their moving coil magnetic diaphragm, these mics reliably capture sound
and can do so even at high sound pressure levels. As such, you can use them for
miking loud sound sources like bass and guitar amplifiers, and even drum kits
without worrying about unwanted distortion or damage. Finally, they are not just for
high SPL (Sound Pressure Level) applications because they work quite well in
quieter settings. Construction is simple and comparatively sturdy. No power supply
is required. Relatively inexpensive.
Kapasitor(condenser)

Condenser mics have a thin conductive diaphragm that sits close to a metal
backplate. This configuration works like a capacitor wherein sound pressure vibrates
the diaphragm which in turn changes the capacitance to produce the audio signal.
Since they use capacitance instead of actual moving coils, fidelity and sound quality
is improved, making these mics ideal for precision recording in the studio. Note that
this method of sound capture requires power, so you'll need a mixer or direct box
with phantom power (except in cases where batteries are used). Whatever
instrument you are trying to record, condenser mics will get the job done so long as
the sound pressure levels aren't too high. Just remember to handle them with care
as they are not as sturdy as dynamic mics.
Hablur
A crystal microphone uses the phenomenon of piezoelectricitythe ability of some
materials to produce a voltage when subjected to pressureto convert vibrations
into an electrical signal. An example of this is Rochelle salt (potassium sodium
tartrate), which is a piezoelectric crystal that works as a transducer, both as a
microphone and as a slimline loudspeaker component. Crystal microphones were
once commonly supplied with vacuum tube (valve) equipment, such as domestic
tape recorders. Their high output impedance matched the high input impedance
(typically about 10 megohms) of the vacuum tube input stage well. They were
difficult to match to early transistor equipment, and were quickly supplanted by
dynamic microphones for a time, and later small electret condenser devices. The
high impedance of the crystal microphone made it very susceptible to handling
noise, both from the microphone itself and from the connecting cable.

Piezo transducers are often used as contact microphones to amplify sound from
acoustic musical instruments, to sense drum hits, for triggering electronic samples,
and to record sound in challenging environments, such as underwater under high
pressure. Saddle-mounted pickups on acoustic guitars are generally piezos that
contact the strings passing over the saddle. This type of microphone is different
from magnetic coil pickups commonly visible on typical electric guitars, which use
magnetic induction rather than mechanical coupling to pick up vibration.

Elektret

Omnidirectional
An electret microphone is a type of electrostatic capacitor-based microphone, which
eliminates the need for a polarizing power supply by using a permanently charged
material.
Without the need for a high supply voltage, electret condenser technology lends
itself to mobile devices, which must work on low battery voltages. Cell phones,
laptop computers, mobile recorders and video cameras all work with electret
condenser capsules. This is also due to the fact that electret condenser capsules
can be manufactured inexpensively at high volume. For the same reasons, some of
the less expensive studio microphones also use electret condenser capsules.
Laser
A laser microphone is a surveillance device that uses a laser beam to detect sound
vibrations in a distant object. It can be used to eavesdrop with minimal chance of
exposure.
The object is typically inside a room where a conversation is taking place and can
be anything that can vibrate (for example, a picture on a wall) in response to the
pressure waves created by noises present in the room. The object preferably has a
smooth surface. The laser beam is directed into the room through a window, reflects
off the object, and returns to a receiver (for example a solar panel) that converts
the beam to an audio signal. The beam may also be bounced off the window itself.
The minute differences in the distance traveled by the light as it reflects from the
vibrating object are detected interferometrically.
The interferometer converts the variations to intensity variations, and electronics
are used to convert these variations to signals that can be converted back to sound.

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