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    Computational Electromagnetics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain

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    Alagu Murugesan
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    Computational Electromagnetics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain

    Uploaded by

    Alagu Murugesan
    140 views11 pages
    Notes

    Original Title

    EE624_Notes1

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    Notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    140 views11 pages

    Computational Electromagnetics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain

    Uploaded by

    Alagu Murugesan
    Notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that FDTD is a popular computational technique for simulating electromagnetic phenomena based on solving Maxwell's equations in time and space. It provides a direct solution for time-dependent EM fields and has advantages over other methods like the ability to model inhomogeneous media.

    Some advantages of FDTD include its ability to inherently model inhomogeneous media, support for lossy and nonlinear media, inherent representation of boundary conditions, and obtaining broadband response with single simulations. Some disadvantages are its second-order accuracy, error accumulation over long propagations, intensive computation needs, and staircase approximation of curved surfaces.

    Common application areas of FDTD mentioned are EM scattering, antenna modeling and design, EMC, microwave circuits, nonlinear device modeling, geo-sensing, photonic device modeling, and optical gratings/periodic structures.

    Computational Electromagnetics:

    The Finite-Difference Time-Domain

    Stephen Gedney
    Department of Electrical Engineering
    University of Kentucky

    EE624

    Fall 2010
    Copyright, Stephen Gedney
    EE-624 S. Gedney
    Computational Electromagnetics via
    The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
    FDTD is One of the Most Popular Computational Techniques of Current Date for
    Simulation of Electromagnetic Phenomona

    Based on 2nd Order Accurate Central Difference Approximations in Space and


    Time of Maxwell's Eqns.

    Provides a Direct Solution of Time-Dependent EM Fields in a Volumetric Region


    - Explicit solution technique
    Never requires a matrix update
    Fully recursive update scheme

    Advantages over Moment Method or Finite Element Method:


    - Inhomogeneous Media is Inherently Modeled
    - Lossy, Non-Linear and Anisotropic Media Supported
    - Boundary Conditions are Inherently Represented
    - Broad Band Response Obtained with Single Simulations
    - Robustness and Ease of Implementation
    - Much Broader Range of Direct Applicability

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-2


    EE-624 S. Gedney
    Some Disadvantages:
    - Accuracy
    - The standard Yee-algorithm is second order accurate
    - Error is generally dispersive
    - Error accumulates as the wave propagates through the mesh
    - Large problems require finer meshing!

    - Computationally Intensive
    - requires 3D orthogonal gridding
    - staircase approximation of curved surfaces
    - Time stepping is a function of the grid dimension
    - smallest detail in the geometry can thus determine grid size (Yee-algorithm)
    and
    the time step

    http://www.remcom.com/xf7-xact/

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-3


    EE-624 S. Gedney

    Application areas of FDTD:


    - EM Scattering
    - Antenna modeling & Design
    - EMC
    - Microwave Circuits
    - Non-linear device modeling
    - Geo-sensing
    - Photonic device modeling
    - Optical gratings, periodic structures

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-4


    EE-624 S. Gedney
    Commercial Solvers
    There are nearly 30 commercially available CAD software tools with FDTD
    engines:
    o CST Microwave Studio
    o Remcon XFdtd
    o eField
    o SEMCAD X
    o Electromagnetic Applications, Inc.
    o Optiwave (Opti FDTD)
    o Zeland Fidelity
    o Acceleware, Inc.
    o Agilent EMPro
    o EM Photonics (FastFDTD, EMPLab, and OptiFDTD Max)
    o Vector Fields Quickwave
    o Cray LC
    o Etc.
    Free-ware FDTD codes
    o ToyFDTD
    o Sfdtd (Simple FDTD)
    o WOLFSIM (2D FDTD optical applications)
    o FDTD Studio

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-5


    EE-624 S. Gedney

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-6


    EE-624 S. Gedney

    [http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Simulation+of+Mobile+Phone+Antenna+Performance]

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-7


    EE-624 S. Gedney

    [http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Simulation+of+Mobile+Phone+Antenna+Performance]

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-8


    EE-624 S. Gedney
    Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (REMCOM X-FDTD)
    Source: http://www.remcom.com/examples/vivaldi-antenna-geometry.html

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-9


    EE-624 S. Gedney

    http://www.optiwave.com/products/gallery/optifdtd/surface_plasmon.html

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-10


    EE-624 S. Gedney

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-6l0bvAda0

    Introduction University of Kentucky 1-11

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