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    Spatial Filt+Frequency Domaing

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    Sankalp_Kallakur_402
    Spatial filtering involves applying a kernel or mask over an image to enhance it. Common kernels are odd-sized masks that are much smaller than the image. Spatial filtering is similar to convolution. Smoothing spatial filters like box filters and weighted average filters are used to remove noise by averaging pixel values in a neighborhood. They smooth out sharp transitions but may also over-smooth edges.

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    Spatial Filt+Frequency Domaing

    Uploaded by

    Sankalp_Kallakur_402
    190 views6 pages
    Spatial filtering involves applying a kernel or mask over an image to enhance it. Common kernels are odd-sized masks that are much smaller than the image. Spatial filtering is similar to convolution. Smoothing spatial filters like box filters and weighted average filters are used to remove noise by averaging pixel values in a neighborhood. They smooth out sharp transitions but may also over-smooth edges.

    Original Description:

    spatial domain filtering and frequency domain filtering in image processing

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    Spatial filtering involves applying a kernel or mask over an image to enhance it. Common kernels are odd-sized masks that are much smaller than the image. Spatial filtering is similar to convolution. Smoothing spatial filters like box filters and weighted average filters are used to remove noise by averaging pixel values in a neighborhood. They smooth out sharp transitions but may also over-smooth edges.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    190 views6 pages

    Spatial Filt+Frequency Domaing

    Uploaded by

    Sankalp_Kallakur_402
    Spatial filtering involves applying a kernel or mask over an image to enhance it. Common kernels are odd-sized masks that are much smaller than the image. Spatial filtering is similar to convolution. Smoothing spatial filters like box filters and weighted average filters are used to remove noise by averaging pixel values in a neighborhood. They smooth out sharp transitions but may also over-smooth edges.

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    Spatial Filtering

    &
    Frequency Domain Image
    Enhancement

    Sankalp Kallakuri
    elsanky@gmail.com
    Spatial Filtering
    • Involves moving a kernel over the image to enhance the
    image
    • Kernel size is << Image size
    • Odd sized masks are more common
    Spatial Filtering
    m(-1,-1) m(0,-1) m(1,-1)

    f(x-1,y-1) f(x,y-1) f(x+1,y-1)


    m(-1,0) m(0,0) m(1,0)

    f(x-1,y) f(x,y) f(x+1,y) m(-1,1) m(0,1) m(1,1)

    f(x-1,y+1) f(x,y+1) f(x+1,y+1)


    Mask coefficients

    Image pixels under mask

    R = m(-1,-1) f(x-1,y-1) + m(0,-1) f(x,y-1) + m(1,-1) f(x+1,y-1) + ………..


    a b
    g ( x, y)    m(s, t ) f ( x  s, y  t )
    s   at   b
    Spatial Filtering
    • The operation is similar to Convolution. hence the masks are also
    called convolution masks.

    • Non linear operations such as finding median may also be done on


    a neighborhood.

    • Near the edges parts of the masks may lie beyond the image
    boundary.

    • To avoid this either a smaller filtered image is accepted.

    • Or zeros are padded along the image boundary.


    Smoothing Spatial Filters
    • Averaging or Low pass filters.
    • Used to remove unwanted detail.
    • Smooth out unwanted sharp noise transitions.
    • May smooth out edges which should be sharp.

    Examples

    Box filter Weighted Average

    1 1 1 1 2 1
    1/9 x 1 1 1 1/16 x 2 4 2
    1 1 1 1 2 1
    Smoothing Spatial Filters

    • The box filter does a simple average.


    • The weighted average filter weighs the contribution by the
    distance from the central image pixel.
    Original Mathematical expression
    a b

      m( s , t ) f ( x  s , y  t )
    g ( x, y )  s   at   b
    a b

      m( s , t )
    s   at   b

    3 6 9 12

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