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BDS1040 The Orbit and Its Contents (Lecture)

The document summarizes the orbit and its contents. It identifies the bones that make up the orbital cavity, including the frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, and palatine bones. It describes the extrinsic eye muscles, their nerve supply from cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, and their actions. It also outlines the structures supplied by cranial nerves in the orbit, the blood supply to the retina and choroid, and the peripheral autonomic nerves involved in accommodation and lacrimation.

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Aya Osama
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126 views

BDS1040 The Orbit and Its Contents (Lecture)

The document summarizes the orbit and its contents. It identifies the bones that make up the orbital cavity, including the frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, and palatine bones. It describes the extrinsic eye muscles, their nerve supply from cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, and their actions. It also outlines the structures supplied by cranial nerves in the orbit, the blood supply to the retina and choroid, and the peripheral autonomic nerves involved in accommodation and lacrimation.

Uploaded by

Aya Osama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The orbit and its contents,

eye muscles, eye movements

Shahira Samir
Professor of Anatomy & Embryology

Date : xx / xx / xxxx
Objectives

Identify the bones of the orbit


Identify the extrinsic muscles of the orbit and
explain their actions
Describe the structures supplied by the III, IV,
V and VI cranial nerves in the orbital cavity
Describe the blood supply to the retina and
the choroid
List the peripheral autonomic nerves involved
in accommodation and lacrimation
Bones of the orbit

Subject Title Goes Here


Bone Elements of the Orbital Cavity
Most bones of the skull make
up the orbital cavity:
Frontal
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Palatine
Frontal
The orbital parts of the
frontal bone consist of
two concave plates that
form the roof of the
orbit.
Each plate meets the
squamous part of the
frontal bone anteriorly
at the supra-orbital
margin.
Medially the orbital
plate articulates with
the cribriform plate of
the ethmoid bone,
Ethmoid

Forms the medial


wall of the orbital
cavity
Makes a significant
contribution to the
middle third of the face
The ethmoid bone can
be divided into four
parts, the perpendicular
plate, the cribriform
plate and two ethmoidal
labyrinths.
Orbital surface Superior orbital
Sphenoid fissure

The anterior greater


wing forms the orbital
surface and forms the
posterior part of the
lateral wall of the
orbit.
The medial margin
forms the inferolateral Anterior view of sphenoid
edge of the superior
orbital fissure.
The inferior border is
smooth and forms the
postero-lateral edge
of the inferior orbital
fissure.
Zygoma
The body of the zygomatic bone
is trapezoidal and makes up the
bulk of the bone. The lateral
surface is smooth and slightly
convex.

The antero-superior border of


the body of the zygomatic bone
is concave and contributes to
both the inferior and lateral
margins of the orbit; it
separates the orbital and lateral
surfaces of the zygomatic bone
and continues upwards as the
orbital margin of the frontal
process.
Lacrimal bone

The lateral surface is its orbital


surface. A vertical posterior
lacrimal crest divides this
surface into two parts:

The fossa for the lacrimal


sac
The area behind the
posterior lacrimal crest
forms part of the medial
wall of the orbit.
Maxilla

The orbital surface forms


most of the orbital floor.
This is a triangular and
smooth area.
The posterior border forms
the anterior edge of the
infra-orbital orbital fissure.
The anterior border is part
of the orbital margin and is
continuous medially with
the maxilla's frontal
process.
Contents of the Orbit
1. The eyeball.
2. Orbital ligaments, fascia, fat and periosteum.
3. The muscles : a. 3 intra-ocular muscles.
b. 7 extra-ocular muscles.
4. Nerves of the orbit:
a. sensory: i. Optic N.
ii. Ophthalmic
b. motor nerves : i. Oculomotor (III)
ii. Trochlear (IV)
iii. Abducent (VI)
c. Autonomic nerves: i. Sympathetic,
ii. parasympathetic & ciliary g.
5.Vessels : a. Ophthalmic A.
b. Sup. and inf. ophthalmic veins.
6. The lacrimal apparatus.
Muscles of the orbit

Subject Title Goes Here


The extrinsic muscles
There are six extrinsic eye
muscles that can move the
eyeball in almost any direction.
+ one muscle moving the upper
eye lid

The 6 extrinsic eye muscles


originate from a tendinous ring
& bones of the orbit that wraps
around the optic nerve and
insert into the sclera of the
eyeball.
I. Extrinsic (extraoccular)
muscles:
4 recti: sup., inf.,
med., lat.
2 obliques: sup. &
inf.
1 levator palpebrae
superioris
Levator palpebrae superioris
From: Roof of orbit
To: Upper eye lid
Action: Elevates upper
eye lid
The 4 recti: sup., inf., med., lat.
Origin: Common tendinous ring
Insertion: Sclera (ant. To the
equator of the eye)
Superior oblique

Origin: Roof of the orbit


Pulley (trochlea)
Insertion: eye ball
behind the equator
Inferior oblique
Origin: Floor of the orbit
(med.)
Insertion: eye ball behind
the equator (Lat.)
Nerve supply of extaoccular muscles:

All III (Occulomotor) except:


SO IV (Trochlear) = SO4
LR VI (Abducent) = LR6

* Occulomotor has:
a. Sup. Division: Sup. Rectus + Levator palpebrae
b. Inf. Division: Med. Rectus + Inf. Rectus + Inf. Oblique

* Sympathetic fibers supply the Mullers muscle ( the smooth


part of the levator palpebrae superioris, so LPS has double
nerve supply)
Movements of extaoccular muscles:
Movements of extaoccular muscles:
II. Intraoccular muscles:
* Smooth ms., involuntary, supplied by autonomic
nerves.
1. Constrictor pupillae (Parasympathetic)
2. Dilator pupillae (Sympathetic)
3. Ciliary (Parasympathetic)
Nerves in the orbit

Subject Title Goes Here


Sensory nerves
I. Optic nerve: nerve of vision,
surrounded by the 3 meninges,
no neurilemma, considered as a
tract.
Course:
- Axons of nerve cells of retina
- Pierce sclera 3 mm medial to
post. Pole.
- Backward & medially optic
canal middle cranial fossa
Optic chiasma
II. Ophthalmic Nerve
Carries general sensations
Smallest division of V
Runs in lat. wall of cavernous
sinus
Divides into 3
1. Lacrimal nerve
2. Frontal nerve
3. Nasociliary nerve
The 3 nerves pass through
the superior orbital
fissure to reach the orbit
Motor nerves
I. Occulomotor nerve:

II. Trochlear nerve:

III. Abducent:
Autonomic nerves
I. Parasympathetic: to sphincter
pupillae & ciliaris muscle
II. Sympathetic:to dilator pupillae
& levator palpebrae superioris
III. Secretomotor: to lacrimal gland
(Zygomatic Lacrimal nerve)
Light reflex
(Autonomic)
Eye Ball

Subject Title Goes Here


Obstruction of the flow of aquous humour
Glucoma
Blood supply of retina &
choroid
Subject Title Goes Here
Ophthalmic Artery
Origin: Branch of internal carotid
artery
Course: enters orbit through optic
canal below optic nerve, curves
around the optic nerve, crosses it
from lateral to medial
Branches:
Central retinal a. (retina)
Ciliary (eye ball)
Muscular a.
Medial palpebral
Lacrimal a.
Ethmoidal arteries
Supraorbital a.
Supratrochlear a.
Dorsal nasal a.
Examination of fundus of the eye
v

Optic disc: emergence of fibers Macula lutea: highest visual resolution


of optic nerve (Vessels), 3 mm
medial to macula
Ophthalmic Veins
Lacrimal apparatus

Subject Title Goes Here


Objectives
Identify the bones of the orbit
Identify the extrinsic muscles of the orbit and
explain their actions
Describe the structures supplied by the III, IV,
V and VI cranial nerves in the orbital cavity
Describe the blood supply to the retina and
the choroid
List the peripheral autonomic nerves involved
in accommodation and lacrimation
Subject Title Goes Here

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