Orthopaedic syllabus:

Introduction
Introduction to Orthopaedic Surgery..(2hr)
Objectives:
1. To explain the special points for history taken and physical examination
in orthopedic.
2. Discuss the various diagnostic methods to solve orthopedic problems.
3. Teach the student how to put a plan surgical operation.
4. Describe major surgical equipments in operative theater.
5. Review in general the operations attended on the bone and joint.
6. Discuss the principles of amputation.
7. List the common implant materials used in fracture and orthopedic.
The Topics are:
History taking in Orthopaedic
Physical examination in Orthopedic
Diagnostic Imaging used in orthopedic
o plain film radiography (x-ray)
o X-ray using contrast media
o Tomography
o CT scan
o MRI
o U/S
o Radionuclide imaging (radioisotope scanning)
Synovial Fluid Analysis
Bone biopsy
Arthroscopy
Electrodiagnosis
Operation Planning:
o Basic Equipments used in orthopedic set

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 o Bloodless field
o Bone Graft
Operations on the bones:
o Osteotomy
o Leg length equalization:
Operation on the joints:
o Arthrotomy:
o Arthrodesis:
o Arthroplasty:
Amputation
o Indication
o Types
o Complications
Implant materials
o Metal
o High density polyethylene (HDPE)
o Silicon compound
o Ceramics
o Acrylic cement:

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 Trauma and Fractures
Objectives:

1. Review the general principles of fractures management.

2. Classify fracture types according to anatomic location.
3. Define the nature and degrees of bone healing.
4. Review the principles of the Gustilo Classification.
5. List the steps of managing an open fracture wound.
6. Describe the various types of fixation devices that are used during open
reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).
7. List common traumatic injuries of both adult and pediatric upper and
lower extremities.
8. Review the general anatomy of the spine.
9. Discuss conservative forms of treatment for spinal cord injuries.
10. Recognize the traumatic disorders of the cervical, thoracic, and
lumbar.
11. Review the general anatomy of the pelvis and the spine.
12. Outline the types and management of pelvic bones injuries.
13. Discuss conservative forms of treatment for spinal cord injuries.
14. Recognize the traumatic disorders of the cervical, thoracic, and
lumbar spine.

The Topics are:

Introduction to Fractures..(4hr)
Definition of fracture
How Fracture happen???
Types of Fractures
Types of Fracture displacement:
Healing of the fracture
Rate of bone healing
Testing for fracture union
Clinical features of fractures
History
Examination

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 Radiological examination
Principles of Fracture Treatment
a. Treatment of Closed Fractures
b. Treatment of Open Fractures
Complications of fractures
a. General complications of trauma:
i. Shock
ii. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
iii. Fat Embolism
iv. Crush Syndrome
v. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC):
b. Local Complications:-
i. Early complications:
1. Vascular Injuries
2. Nerve Injuries
3. Compartment Syndrome
4. Hemarthrosis
5. Infection
6. Gas Gangrene
7. Fracture blisters
8. Pressure sore
9. Bed sore
10. Visceral injury
ii. Late Complications:
1. Delayed union & nonunion
2. Malunion
3. Avascular necrosis
4. Growth disturbance
5. Myositis Ossificans
6. Osteoarthritis (OA)
7. Joint instability
8. Joint stiffness
9. Nerve compression.
10. Complex regional pain syndrome

INJURIES of the UPPER LIMB.. (5hr)

A) INJURIES OF THE SHOULDR,UPPER ARM AND ELBOW.(2hr)
Fractures of clavicle.
Fractures of scapula.
Acromioclavicular joint injury.

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 Sternoclavicular dislocation.
Dislocation of shoulder joint.
Fractures of the proximal humerus.
Fractures shaft of humerus.
Supracondylar fractures of humerus.
Fracture head of radius.
Dislocation of elbow joint.
Fracture of lateral condyle fracture medial condyle
Pulled elbow joint.
Fracture of distal humerus..
Fracture of olecranon
B) INJURY OF FOREARM AND WRIST JOINT...(2hr)
Fractures of radius and ulna
Monteggia fractures dislocation.
Galeazzi fractures dislocation
Colles fractures.
Scaphoid Fractures
C) HAND INJURIES(1hr)
Clinical assessment
General principle of treatment.
Fractures of metacarpal bones.
Bennetts fractures.
Rolando fractures
Fractures of phalanges
Open injuries of the hand (clinical assessment, primary treatment,
postoperative care).

INJURIES OF THE LOWER LIMB.. (5hr)

A) INJURIES OF THE HIP JOINT(2hr)
Hip dislocation
Fracture neck of femur.
Intertrochanteric fracture.
Proximal femoral fracture in children.
Femoral shaft fracture.

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 Supracondylar fracture of femur.
Fracture separation of femoral epiphysis
B) INJURIES OF THE KNEE AND LEG(2hr)
Knee ligament injuries.
Dislocation of knee joint
Fractures of patella
Dislocation of the patella.
Tibial plateau fracture.
Fracture of tibias and fibula.
Fracture of fibula alone
C) INJURY OF ANKLE JOINT AND FOOT(1hr)
Acute ligamentous injuries of the Ankle joint.
Fracture / dislocation of Ankle joint.
Pilon fracture
Fracture of Talus.
Fractures of Calcaneum.
Tarso-metatarsal injuries.
Injury of metatarsal bones.

D) Injuries of the pelvis..(1hr)

Pelvic stability
Clinical assessment of pelvic injuries.
Types of Pelvic injuries.
A. Isolated of Pelvic bones fractures.
B. Fractures of the Pelvic ring.
C. Fractures of Acetabulum.
Injury of the sacrum and coccygeal.

E) Injuries of the spine..(1hr)

Types of spinal injury.
Principle of treatment of spinal injury.
Types of neural injury at spinal column injury
Cervical spine injury.
Thoracic spine injury.
Lumber spine injury.

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 Regional Orthopedic
THE SHOULDER.(2hr)
Objectives:
1. Review anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder joint.
2. Discuss the common disorders of the shoulder region.
3. Recognize outlines the treatment choices for these disorders.
4. Discuss in detail the shoulder instability and its new trend in the
management.
The Topics are:
Disorders of the rotator cuff
o Pathology
o Clinical Syndromes
Acute Calcific Tendinitis
o Clinical features
o X-Ray
o Treatment
Chronic Tendinitis ((Impingement Syndrome))
o Clinical features
o Imaging
o Treatment
Tears of the Rotator Cuff
o Clinical features
o Diagnosis: U/S, Arthrography, MRI or Arthroscopy.
o Treatment
Adhesive Capsulitis ((Frozen Shoulder))
o Clinical feature
o X-Ray

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 o Differential diagnosis
o Treatment
Bicepital Tendinitis
Torn Long Head of the Biceps
Chronic Instability of the Shoulder Joint
o Static restraints
o Dynamic constraints
o Classification of shoulder instability:
Anterior instability.
Posterior instability.
Multidirectional instability
THE ELBOW.. (1hr)
Objectives:
1. Discuss the anatomy and common deformities of the Elbow and
Forearm region.
2. List the causes, clinical features and treatments of theses deformities.
3. Discuss the most common overuse injuries of the elbow region.
The Topics are:
Cubitus Valgus
o Causes.
o Clinical Features.
o Treatment.
Cubitus Varus
o Causes.
o Clinical features.
o Treatment.
Olecranon Bursitis
Tennis Elbow & Golfer Elbow:
o Definition.
o Etiology
o Pathology
o Pathogenesis
o Clinical Features.
o Diagnosis.
o Treatment.
Elbow Instability

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 THE WRIST and hand.. (1hr)
Objectives:
1. Review the anatomy of the wrist and the hand including muscles,
ligaments, nerves, and bones.
2. Recognize deformities caused by congenital defects and trauma.
3. Discuss the common and \ or important wrist and hand problems.

The Topics are:

Radial Club Hand.
Ulnar Club Hand.
Madelung's Deformity.
Kienbock's Disease.
DeQuervain's Disease.
Ganglion.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

THE HIP.. (3hr)

Objectives:
1. Discuss the general anatomical point of the hip region.
2. Discuss the congenital conditions occur in the hip region and
concentrate on developmental dysplasia of the hip joint.
3. Review the causes pathology and the management of the Legg-Calve-
Perthes disease.
4. Discuss in detail the slipped upper femoral epiphysis and its
complications.

The Topics are:

Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip
o Definitions.
o Epidemiology.
o Etiology and Pathogenesis.
o Pathology.
o Clinical features.
o Neonatal diagnosis.
o Late features.
o X-ray.
o Treatment.
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD)

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 o Etiology.
o Pathogenesis.
o Pathology.
o Clinical features.
o X-rays.
o Lateral Pillar Classification.
o Treatment.
Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE)
o Pathology.
o Causes.
o Clinical features.
o X-rays.
o Treatment.
o Complications.

THE KNEE.. (2hr)

Objectives:
1. Few anatomical ward on the knee.
2. Discuss the most common deformities (developmental and acquired) of
the knee.
3. Describe the sport injuries of the knee and its management.
4. List and discuss the causes of anterior knee pain.
5. Review the common causes for swelling around the knee.
The Topics are:
Bow Legs (Genu Varum).
Knock Knees (Genu Valgum).
Blount's Disease (Tibia Vara).
o X-ray.
o Treatment.
Meniscal Tears.
o Clinical features.
o Investigations.
o Treatment.
Recurrent Dislocation Of The Patella
o Clinical features.
o Treatment.
Chondromalacia Patellae
o Clinical features.

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 o Imaging.
o Arthroscopy.
o Treatment.
Osgood-Schlatter's Disease.

THE FOOT.. (1hr)

Objectives:
1. Review the functional anatomy and topography of the foot and ankle.
2. Describe clinical and applied biomechanics of the foot and ankle.
3. Specify the general considerations, clinical evaluation, and surgical
options for club foot.
4. Discuss treatment of congenital vertical talus.

The Topics are:

Anatomy and biomechanics
Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Club-Foot).
o Causes.
o Risk factors.
o Clinical features.
o X-rays.
o Treatment.
Infantile Flat-Foot (Congenital Vertical Talus).

The Back.. (5hr)

Objectives:
1. Review the general lines in history and examination of the spine disorders.
2. Discuss the etiology and manifestations of common spine disorders.
3. State the steps in treating infections of the spine including pyogenic and
tuberculous infections.

The Topics are:

History.
o Pain
o Stiffness
o Deformity
o Numbness or parasthesia
Examination
o Patient is standing

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 o The Patient is prone
o The Patient is supine
Imaging.
o X-rays
o CT
o MRI
o Pulmonary function test.
Scoliosis.
o Postural scoliosis:
o Structural scoliosis:
o Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.
o Pathology.
o Clinical features.
o X-ray.
o Treatment.
Kyphosis.
o Postural Kyphosis.
o Structural Kyphosis.
o Scheuermann's Disease (Adolescent Kyphosis).
o Clinical Features.
o Treatment.
Intervertebral Disc Lesions
o Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc.
o Clinical features.
o Imaging.
o Differential diagnosis.
o Treatment.
Lumbar Segmental Instability And Osteoarthritis.
o Clinical features.
o X-rays.
o Treatment.
Spondylolisthesis.
o Clinical features.
o Imaging.
o Classification.
o Treatment.
Spinal Stenosis.

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 o Clinical features
o Imaging
o Treatment

Spinal Infection.
o TUBERCULOSIS
Pathology
Clinical features
X-rays
Investigations
Diagnosis
Treatment
o POTTS PARAPLEGIA
Early-onset paresis.
Late-onset paresis.
Pyogenic Infection.
o Clinical features
o X-rays
o Investigations
o Treatment
The Backache Problems.
o Transient backache following muscular activity
o Sudden, acute pain and sciatica
o Chronic low back pain, with or without 'sciatica'
o Back pain plus pseudoclaudication
o Severe and constant pain

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 General Orthopedic
Objectives:
1. Discuss in detail the acute and chronic pyogenic infections of the bone and
joint.
2. Recognize the tuberculous infection of the bone and joint.
3. Define Osteonecrosis and Osteochondritis of the joint and list the line of the
management.
4. Discuss the orthopedic management of the rheumatoid arthritis.
5. List the new orthopedic advances in the management of osteoarthritis and
degenerative bone disease.

The Topics are:

BONE & JOINT INFECTIONS.. (3hr)

Acute hematogenous Osteomyelitis.
o Pathogenesis.
o Pathology.
o Clinical features.
o Investigations.
o Radiology.
o Differential Diagnosis.
o Treatment.
o Complication.
Subacute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis.
o Pathogenesis.
o Clinical features.
o Investigations.

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 o Radiology.
o Differential Diagnosis.
o Treatment.
Chronic Osteomyelitis.
o Clinical features.
o X-ray.
o Treatment.
Acute suppurative Arthritis.
o Causative organism.
o Rout of infection.
o Pathology.
o Clinical features.
o X-ray.
o Diagnosis.
o Treatment.
Tuberculosis of the Bone & Joint.
o Pathology:
Vertebral TB.
Joint TB.
o Clinical Features.
o X-Ray.
o Investigation.
o Treatment.

Osteonecrosis and Osteochondritis..(1hr)

Osteonecrosis:
Definition and
Etiology.
Pathology.
Pathogenesis.
Clinical features and imaging.
Treatment.
Osteochondritis:
Definition.
Pathology.
Types.
Treatment.

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 Rheumatoid & Gouty Arthritis (1hr)
Definition.
Etiology.
Pathology.
Pathogenesis.
Clinical features.
Radiological features.
Treatment.
Complication.
Prognosis.

Osteoarthritis..(1hr)
Definition.
Etiology.
Types.
Pathogenesis.
Pathology.
Risk factors.
Clinical features.
Staging.
Complications.
Clinical variant.
Differential diagnosis.
Management.

Bone Tumor.(3hr)
Objectives:
1. Differentiate between malignant bone-forming tumors and benign bone-
forming tumors.
2. Compare and contrast the characteristics of benign cartilage tumors and
malignant cartilage tumors.
3. Describe the various forms of destructive lesions that are found in the older
patient population.
4. Discuss presentation, treatment, and prognosis of rare tumors.

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5. State the three types of malignant fibrous lesions and list the characteristics
of each lesion.

The Topics are:

A) GENERAL PRINCIPLES(1hr)
Definition
Types.
Clinical Features.
Imagining Study.
Biopsy.
Grading of bone tumor.
Staging of bone tumor.
Treatment options
B) BENGIN TUMER.(1hr)
Fibrous Dysplasia
Fibrocortical Defect.
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoblastoma.
Simple Bone Cyst.
Aneurismal Bone Cyst.
Giant Cell Tumor.
C) MALIGNANT BONE TUMOR(1hr)
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Chordoma
Multiple Myeloma
Metastatic Bone Tumor

Metabolic Bone Disorders.. (2hr)

Objectives:
1. Review introduction to the bone metabolism.
2. Discuss clinical, radiological and biochemical assessment of metabolic
bone disorders.
3. Recognize in detail osteoporosis, rickets, and Osteomalacia.

The Topics are:

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 Clinical assessment.
X-ray examination.
Measurement of bone mass.
Biochemical tests.
Osteoporosis.
o Primary Osteoporosis
Clinical features.
X-ray.
Treatment.
o Secondary Osteoporosis.
Rickets And Osteomalacia.
Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets.
o X-rays.
o Investigations.
o Treatment.
Hypophosphataemic Rickets.
Familial Hypophosphataemic Rickets (Vitamin D-Resistant
Rickets).
o Treatment.
o Osteomalacia In Adults.
o Clinical features.
o X-rays.
o Investigations.
o Treatment.
Adult hypophosphataemia.
Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans).
Pathology.
Clinical features.
X-rays.
Investigations.
Complications.
Treatment.
o Medical treatment.
o Operative treatment.

Genetic Disorders of the Bone..(1hr)

Objectives:

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1. Explain the genetic regulation of the bone.
2. Discuss the inheritance of genetic bone disorders.
3. List the most common genetic bone disorder.

The Topics are:

Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
Clinical features.
Management.
Neurofibromatosis.
Clinical features of NF-1.
Treatment.
Mucopolysaccharidoses.
Clinical features.
Management.
Gaucher's Disease.
Clinical features.
Imaging.
Treatment.

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