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    Discussion of Newtonian and Non Newtonian Fluid

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    Muhammad Amir Faisal Bin Marhaidi
    The experiment measured the viscosity of honey and oil using a Brookfield viscometer with interchangeable spindles and speeds. For honey, viscosity decreased with increasing speed for small spindles but increased for larger spindles. Oil viscosity generally increased across all spindles and speeds. Shear stress vs speed graphs showed honey is non-Newtonian while oil is Newtonian. Errors in measurements were likely due to non-perpendicular eye position and device calibration issues.

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    Discussion of Newtonian and Non Newtonian Fluid

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Amir Faisal Bin Marhaidi
    192 views4 pages
    The experiment measured the viscosity of honey and oil using a Brookfield viscometer with interchangeable spindles and speeds. For honey, viscosity decreased with increasing speed for small spindles but increased for larger spindles. Oil viscosity generally increased across all spindles and speeds. Shear stress vs speed graphs showed honey is non-Newtonian while oil is Newtonian. Errors in measurements were likely due to non-perpendicular eye position and device calibration issues.

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    Honey and oil

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    The experiment measured the viscosity of honey and oil using a Brookfield viscometer with interchangeable spindles and speeds. For honey, viscosity decreased with increasing speed for small spindles but increased for larger spindles. Oil viscosity generally increased across all spindles and speeds. Shear stress vs speed graphs showed honey is non-Newtonian while oil is Newtonian. Errors in measurements were likely due to non-perpendicular eye position and device calibration issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    192 views4 pages

    Discussion of Newtonian and Non Newtonian Fluid

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Amir Faisal Bin Marhaidi
    The experiment measured the viscosity of honey and oil using a Brookfield viscometer with interchangeable spindles and speeds. For honey, viscosity decreased with increasing speed for small spindles but increased for larger spindles. Oil viscosity generally increased across all spindles and speeds. Shear stress vs speed graphs showed honey is non-Newtonian while oil is Newtonian. Errors in measurements were likely due to non-perpendicular eye position and device calibration issues.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    DISCUSSION

    The experiment conducted to determine the viscosity of honey and oil and also to
    measure multiple speeds and interchangeable spindles resulting in a large selection of
    viscosity ranges. In order to measure the viscosity of these fluids, Brookfield Viscometer,
    which is a rotational viscometer is used. Viscous drag or resistance to flow is indicated by the
    degree to whoch the spring wind up. Varies viscosity ranges are measured by different speeds
    and spindles.

    For the honey fluid experiment, the viscosity shows the highest values at 6 RPM for
    spindle 1 and spindle 2, which are 1000 Cp and 3350 Cp respectively. As the speed increases,
    the viscosity of honey decreases and the lowest value is at 60 RPM, which are 100 Cp and
    500 Cp respectively. Different from spindle 1 and 2, the viscosities of honey are increasing
    when spindle no 3 and 4 are used. But, for spindle number 3, there is a slgiht decrease at the
    speed of 60 RPM which it shows the lowest value, 2000 Cp. The highest value for spindle
    number 4 is 4200 Cp.

    For the oil experiment, there is no obvious decreasing trend of the viscosities. The
    viscosities of oil for all spindles are increasing except for spindle number 1 at speed of 60
    RPM. It shows the lowest value of viscosity which is 100 Cp.

    The viscosity of honey and oil differs because the spindle size and shape and also the
    spindles speed give effect on the dial reading. This is because all of the spindles has a
    different total surface area which affect the shear stress of both fluid. The formula of shear
    stress is force (F) per unit area (A). If the total surface area decreases, assuming the force
    applied is constant, the amount of shear stress will increase resulting an increasing viscosities
    if the applied shear rate is constant. The proved can be seen in the data where the applied
    shear rate is 60 RPM. The amount of viscosities increase from 100 Cp for spindle 1 until
    4200 Cp for spindle 4.

    Figure 1: The spindles of Brookfield viscometer for low viscosity experiment


    According to Newtons Law of viscosity as below,

    the fluid is to be called newtonian fluid when the shear stress of the fluid is directly
    proportional to the velocity gradient, in this case, the spindles speed and the non newtonian
    fluid will have the shear stress that is indirectly proportional to the velocity gradient. In this
    experiment, the fluids used are honey and oil. The graph of shear stress against the
    deformation rate of both fluids are plotted as in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The shear stress can
    simply be calculated by multiplying the values of the viscosity with the spindle speed
    (velocity gradient).

    Based on Figure 2, the shear stress of honey for spindle 1 and 2 are mostly constant
    and for spindle 3 and 4 it has an unstable increase for the values. Basically, the shear stress of
    the honey is indirectly proportional to the shear rate or the velocity gradient. This shows that
    honey is a non-Newtonian fluid. Based on Figure 3, the shear stress of oil for all spindles
    basically show a uniform increasing trend. The shear stress plotted is directly proportional to
    the shear rate. In conclusion, the oil is to be said as a Newtonian fluid.

    SHEAR STRESS OF HONEY AGAINST SPINDLE SPEED (SHEAR RATE/DEFORMATION RATE)


    300000

    250000

    200000

    Shear Stress (Nm2) 150000


    100000

    50000

    0
    6 12 30 60

    Speed (RPM)

    Spindle 1 Spindle 2 Spindle 3 Spindle 4


    Figure 2: Graph of shear stress of honey against spindle speed

    SHEAR STRESS OF OIL AGAINST SPINDLE SPEED (SHEAR RATE/DEFORMATION RATE)


    16000
    14000
    12000
    10000

    Shear Stress (Nm2) 8000


    6000
    4000
    2000
    0
    6 12 30 60

    Speed (RPM)

    Spindle 1 Spindle 2 Spindle 3 Spindle 4

    Figure 3: Graph of shear stress of oil against spindle speed

    VISCOSITY OF HONEY AGAINST SPINDLE SPEED


    4500
    4000
    3500
    3000
    2500
    Viscosity Cp(mPa.s) 2000
    1500
    1000
    500
    0
    6 rpm 12 rpm 30 rpm 60 rpm

    Spindle Speed (RPM)

    Spindle No 1 Spindle No 2 Spindle No 3 Spindle No 4

    Figure 4: The graph of honeys viscosities against the spindles speed


    VISCOSITY OF OIL AGAINST SPINDLE SPEED
    300

    250

    200

    150
    Viscosity Cp(mPa.s)
    100

    50

    0
    6 rpm 12 rpm 30 rpm 60 rpm

    Spindle Speed (RPM)

    Spindle No 1 Spindle No 2 Spindle No 3 Spindle No 4

    Figure 5: The graph of oils viscosities against the spindles speed

    The flaws of the graph for the viscosities are due to some errors made
    during the experiment. Firstly, the eye of the observer eyes is not perpendicular
    to the dial reading when taking measurements. So, the observer must adjust the
    eyes to be perpendicular to the scale of the dial reading when taking
    measurements so that accurate measurement can be collected. Besides, maybe
    theres also some error in the device used during the experiment. In order to
    overcome this error, the device must be adjust to its optimum condition so that
    the measurement taken is accurate.

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