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    Amplitude Modulation and De-Modulation of Audio Signals

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    Jitendra Gurjar
    This document is a physics lab report by Kousik Loho about amplitude modulation and demodulation of audio signals. It includes an abstract, sections on theory of modulation and demodulation, experimental data on modulation index and demodulated signals, and conclusions. The experimental data section includes tables and oscilloscope images measuring the modulation index of amplitude modulated carrier waves and showing the effects of undermodulation and overmodulation on demodulated signals.

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    Amplitude Modulation and De-Modulation of Audio Signals

    Uploaded by

    Jitendra Gurjar
    17 views9 pages
    This document is a physics lab report by Kousik Loho about amplitude modulation and demodulation of audio signals. It includes an abstract, sections on theory of modulation and demodulation, experimental data on modulation index and demodulated signals, and conclusions. The experimental data section includes tables and oscilloscope images measuring the modulation index of amplitude modulated carrier waves and showing the effects of undermodulation and overmodulation on demodulated signals.

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    amplitude modulation

    Original Title

    AM

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    This document is a physics lab report by Kousik Loho about amplitude modulation and demodulation of audio signals. It includes an abstract, sections on theory of modulation and demodulation, experimental data on modulation index and demodulated signals, and conclusions. The experimental data section includes tables and oscilloscope images measuring the modulation index of amplitude modulated carrier waves and showing the effects of undermodulation and overmodulation on demodulated signals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views9 pages

    Amplitude Modulation and De-Modulation of Audio Signals

    Uploaded by

    Jitendra Gurjar
    This document is a physics lab report by Kousik Loho about amplitude modulation and demodulation of audio signals. It includes an abstract, sections on theory of modulation and demodulation, experimental data on modulation index and demodulated signals, and conclusions. The experimental data section includes tables and oscilloscope images measuring the modulation index of amplitude modulated carrier waves and showing the effects of undermodulation and overmodulation on demodulated signals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Amplitude Modulation and De-modulation of Audio

    Signals
    KOUSIK LOHO
    M.Sc Physics
    Roll No-16510039
    kousik.loho@iitgn.ac.in
    March 28,2017

    1
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    Contents
    1 ABSTRACT 3

    2 THEORY 3
    2.1 Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
    2.2 De-Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

    3 EXPERIMENTAL DATA 4

    4 CONCLUSION 9

    5 REFERENCES 9

    Page 2
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    1 ABSTRACT
    In this experiment we will modulate low frequency audio signals into the amplitude of some
    high frequency carrier waves. Then see them in a DSO and also calculate the Modulation
    Index. Then we will study their behaviour in a DSO while De-modulation.

    2 THEORY
    2.1 Modulation
    In amplitude modulation the low frequency audio signal is superimposed on the amplitude
    of the carrier. Let the low frequency modulating voltage be em = Em cosm t. The amplitude
    of carrier varies according to modulating voltage em .
    Hence the equation of amplitude modulated wave is
    e = (Ec + Em cosm t)cosc t
    neglecting the phase difference between the signals as that has no role here.
    So, e = Ec (1 + ma cosm t)cosc t where ma = EEmc =Modulation Index.
    Now, let Emax =maximum amplitude of the amplitude modulated wave and Emin =minimum
    amplitude of the amplitude modulated wave. Then,
    Emax = Ec (1 + ma )
    Emin = Ec (1 ma )

    From these two equations we get,


    Emax Emin
    ma =
    Emax + Emin

    If the signal is over modulated that means if ma is greater than 1, then the signal can not
    be derived back properly by demodulation.

    Page 3
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    2.2 De-Modulation
    At the receiver the signal is first rectified and then using capacitor it is demodulated. Fol-
    lowing is the circuit diagram:

    3 EXPERIMENTAL DATA
    Data for Modulation Index:
    Obs No Vmax (mV) Vmin (mV) ma
    1 680 360 0.308
    2 660 320 0.347
    3 520 200 0.444
    4 500 120 0.613
    5 400 60 0.739
    6 360 -80 1.571

    Following are the corresponding pictures in serial order:

    Page 4
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    Page 5
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    Page 6
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    Page 7
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    Data for De-modulation:


    Following are the pictures of undermodulated and overmodulated signals respectively after
    being demodulated at the receiver:

    In the second picture the Diagonal Clipping is very clearly seen.

    Page 8
    Physics Lab Report IIT GANDHINAGAR

    4 CONCLUSION
    For undermodulated signals the demodulation is effective but for the overmodulated signals
    demodulation does not give the original modulating signal back at the receiver.

    5 REFERENCES
    Electronics by Basudev Ghosh.

    Page 9

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