The Lower and Middle Jurassic of The Western Mediterranean Tethys (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia)

The Lower and Middle Jurassic
of the Western Mediterranean Tethys

(Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia)
Driss Sadki, Abbas Marok and Mohamed Soussi
Abstract This work summarizes the lithostratigraphic and palaeogeodynamic

data of the Lower and Middle Jurassic margin of the Tethys Maghreb (Morocco,
Algeria, and Tunisia). Comparative analysis of these successions conducted thus
far has allowed us to establish correlations, and to propose a geodynamic evolution
of this margin for the Early and Middle Jurassic, which can be summarized as
follows: (1) construction and development of a Liassic carbonate platform (early
and middle Lias); (2) individualization and compartmentalization of basins (Pli-
ensbachianearly Toarcian); (3) filling of basins (late LiasBajocian); and (4)
senescence of basins (BathonianCallovian).

Keywords Lower and Middle Jurassic Western Mediterranean Tethys Atlas
domain
MoroccoAlgeriaTunisia
Lithostratigraphy Palaeogeodynamic
evolution
Introduction
Located on the southern border of Tethys, the Atlasic Maghreb domain constitutes
an EW-oriented intracratonic chain crossing the Maghreb from Morocco to
Tunisia (Fig. 1). The Atlasic Maghreban domain was structured during the
D. Sadki (&)
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, BP 11201
Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco
e-mail: driss.sadki@gmail.com
A. Marok
Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Science, University of Abou Bekr Belkad, BP 119
Tlemcen, Algeria
M. Soussi
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis, C.P. 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
R. Rocha et al. (eds.), STRATI 2013, Springer Geology, 699

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_132, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
700 D. Sadki et al.
Fig. 1 Sketch map of the Maghreb showing the Atlas range (modified from Frizon de Lamotte
et al. 2009)
Jurassic, and thus created several palaeogeographical domains organized in sub-

siding basins (e.g., the Middle Atlas and High Atlas in Morocco, the Saharan Atlas
in Algeria, and the Tunisian Trough in Tunisia) bordered by residual platforms as
more resistant blocks (e.g., the Moroccan and Oranese Mesetas in Morocco and
Algeria, respectively, and the NorthSouth Axis and Tunisian Dorsale in Tunisia).
Data synthesized according to NS transverses (Elmi et al. 1998; Soussi et al.
2000; Sadki and Benshili 2002) across different palaeogeographical domains of the
Maghreb Atlases (Fig. 2ac), allow similarities and differences to be highlighted
and a geodynamic evolution for this margin during the Lower and Middle Jurassic
to be proposed.
Palaeogeodynamic Evolution
Construction and Development of Liassic Carbonate

Platform (Lower and Middle Lias)
In the Atlasic Maghreb domain, the deposits of the lower Lias (HettangianHet-
tangian) correspond to the construction of an initial platform. These platform
deposits are diachronous from NE towards the SW, according to the progressive
advance of the western Tethys.
The early Sinemurian (Lotharingian) corresponded to a stage of rifting,
responsible for the division of the Liassic carbonate platform, and creating the first
structural imprint and forming the first palaeogeographical differentiation. This
division was accompanied by eustatic rises that accompanied the rifting of Tethys
and the opening of the Atlantic.
The Lower and Middle Jurassic of the Western Mediterranean Tethys 701
Fig. 2 Major formal Lower and Middle Jurassic Lithostratigraphic units: a along the NS
transect trough the Middle and High Atlas (Sadki, present work); b along the NWSE transect
Saharian Atlas (Elmi et al. 1998, modified); c in the Tunisian Trough Dorsale and NS Axis
(Soussi et al. 2000, modifed)
702 D. Sadki et al.
During the middle Lias (Pliensbachian), under the combined influence of tec-
tonics and eustatic processes, a differentiation occurred in the main palaeogeo-
graphical domains of the Atlasic Maghreb domain, in which diverse carbonate
deposits are found.
Individualization and Compartmentalization of Basins

(PliensbachianEarly Toarcian)
The PliensbachianToarcian interval represents an episode of extension, corre-

sponding to the paroxysm of Liassic platform dislocation. This tectonic phase,
linked to a new rifting stage, was responsible for the general shape of the basins in
a mosaic of palaeoenvironments, and in which the nature and thickness of deposits
show wide variability.
Filling of Basins (Late Lias to Bajocian)
The Toarcian represented an episode of palaeogeographical differentiation. This

period was represented by changes in the sedimentary regime and palaeogeo-
graphical individualization. The Liassic sedimentation, which had hitherto been
carbonate based, became mostly marly at the beginning of the early Toarcian,
signalling an end to the carbonate episode of the early and middle Lias.
During the late Toarcian and Aalenian, a new episode of extensive structuring
occurred, common also to other basins of the Tethys perimeter. It was a period that
showed important sedimentary disturbances manifested by the levels of some
ridges and on borders, by lacunas, or by the extreme reduction of represented
deposits (sometimes ferruginous and oolithic).
In the period of the late Aalenian to early Bajocian, the Atlasic Maghreb
domain showed a diversification of palaeogeographical contrasts, as revealed by
the variations in facies types and thicknesses. The subsidence of the basins was
accompanied by the development of sedimentation dominated by limestone con-
taining Zoophycos and by marls. Thus, in ridges, sedimentary instability is indi-
cated by lacunas and the development of condensed facies with ferruginous ooliths
and phosphates. During this stage, the construction and development of a new
carbonate platform took place.
During the late Bajocian, a palaeogeographical and nonsynchronous differen-
tiation occurred. In Morocco and Algeria, a generalized sinking led to the
homogenization of the marly sedimentation prior to the construction of a new
carbonate platform. In contrast, in Tunisia, the Niortense Zone of the upper Ba-
jocian records the collapse of only a part of the margin and the individualization of
very deep areas of deposits (siliceous limestone).
The Lower and Middle Jurassic of the Western Mediterranean Tethys 703
Senescence of Basins (BathonianCallovian)
The senescence of western Atlasic basins was caused by the slowing down and
stopping of the extension of the Maghreb Tethys. This brought about the filling of
depressions by sandstones and continental red marls during the Bathonian. This
evolution was brought forward in the Tunisian Atlas, which remained under
marine influence until the Tithonian. The Tithonian corresponds to the regression
near the end of the Jurassic giving way to a general continentalisation.
Conclusion
In the evolution established here for the Atlasic Maghreb domain, the inferred
spatiotemporal distribution of palaeogeographical elements as well as sedimen-
tation patterns indicate that the onset of LiassicDogger deposition was controlled
by general fluctuations in sea level and tectonic activity related to Tethyan rifting
and the opening of the Atlantic.
References
Elmi, S., Almeras, Y., Ameur, M., Bassoullet, J. P., Boutakiout, M., Benhamou, M., et al. (1998).
Stratigraphic and palaeogeographic survey of the Lower and Middle Jurassic along a north
south transect in western Algeria. In S. Crasquin-Solleau, E. Barrier (Eds.). Pri-Tthys
Memoir. 4: Epicratonic basins of Peri-Tethyan platforms (Vol. 179, pp. 145211). France:
Mmoires du Musum National dHistoire Naturelle.
Frizon de Lamotte, D., Leturmy, P., Missenard, Y., Khomsi, S., Ruiz, G., Saddiqi, O., et al.
(2009). Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertical movements in the Atlas system (Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia): An overview. Tectonophysics, 475, 928.
Sadki, D., & Benshili, K. (2002). Stratigraphie et sdimentologie du Jurassique du Haut-Atlas et
du Moyen Atlas marocains. ATEIG-GFEJ International Workshop sur le Jurassique de la
marge maghrbine de la Tthys (pp. 1620), Tunis.
Soussi, M., Mangold, C., Enay, R., Boughdiri, M., & Ben Ismail, M. H. (2000). Le Jurassique
infrieur et moyen de la Tunisie septentrionale; corrlations avec laxe Nord-Sud et
palogographie. Geobios, 33(4), 437446.

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The Lower and Middle Jurassic of The Western Mediterranean Tethys (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia)

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The Lower and Middle Jurassic

of the Western Mediterranean Tethys

Driss Sadki, Abbas Marok and Mohamed Soussi

Abstract This work summarizes the lithostratigraphic and palaeogeodynamic

R. Rocha et al. (eds.), STRATI 2013, Springer Geology, 699

Jurassic, and thus created several palaeogeographical domains organized in sub-

Construction and Development of Liassic Carbonate

Individualization and Compartmentalization of Basins

The PliensbachianToarcian interval represents an episode of extension, corre-

Filling of Basins (Late Lias to Bajocian)

The Toarcian represented an episode of palaeogeographical differentiation. This

Senescence of Basins (BathonianCallovian)

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