Rel670 PDF

Installation and commissioning manual
Line distance protection IED

REL 670
Innovation from ABB

Document ID: 1MRK506277-UEN
Issued: December 2007
Revision: B
IED product version: 1.1
© Copyright 2007 ABB. All rights reserved

COPYRIGHT
WE RESERVE ALL RIGHTS TO THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IN THE EVENT
THAT A PATENT IS ISSUED AND A DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL
PROPRIETARY RIGHT IS REGISTERED. IMPROPER USE, IN
PARTICULAR REPRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION TO THIRD
PARTIES, IS NOT PERMITTED.
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. HOWEVER, IN

CASE ANY ERRORS ARE DETECTED, THE READER IS KINDLY
REQUESTED TO NOTIFY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE ADDRESS
BELOW.
THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR

THE CONCEPT OR PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND IS NOT TO BE
DEEMED TO BE A STATEMENT OF GUARANTEED PROPERTIES. IN
THE INTEREST OF OUR CUSTOMERS, WE CONSTANTLY SEEK TO
ENSURE THAT OUR PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED TO THE LATEST
TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDS. AS A RESULT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT
THERE MAY BE SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HW/SW
PRODUCT AND THIS INFORMATION PRODUCT.
Manufacturer:
ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation
Table of contents
Table of contents
Section 1 Introduction.....................................................................11
Introduction to the installation and commissioning manual..............11
About the complete set of manuals for an IED............................11
About the installation and commissioning manual.......................12
Intended audience.......................................................................13
Related documents......................................................................13
Revision notes.............................................................................14
Section 2 Safety information..........................................................15

Warning signs...................................................................................15
Caution signs....................................................................................16
Note signs.........................................................................................17
Section 3 Overview........................................................................19
Commissioning and installation overview.........................................19
Section 4 Unpacking and checking the IED...................................21

Taking delivery, unpacking and checking.........................................21
Section 5 Installing the IED............................................................23

Overview...........................................................................................23
Dimensions.......................................................................................23
Case without rear cover...............................................................23
Case with rear cover....................................................................24
Flush mounting dimensions.........................................................26
Side-by-side flush mounting dimensions.....................................27
Wall mounting dimensions...........................................................28
Mounting methods and details..........................................................28
Mounting the IED.........................................................................28
Flush mounting............................................................................30
Overview................................................................................30
Mounting procedure for flush mounting..................................30
19” panel rack mounting..............................................................31
Overview................................................................................31
Mounting procedure for 19” panel rack mounting...................32
Wall mounting..............................................................................33
Overview................................................................................33
Mounting procedure for wall mounting...................................33
How to reach the rear side of the IED....................................34
Side-by-side 19” rack mounting...................................................35
REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 1

1MRK506277-UEN rev. B
Table of contents
Overview................................................................................35
Mounting procedure for side-by-side rack mounting..............36
IED 670 mounted with a RHGS6 case...................................36
Side-by-side flush mounting........................................................37
Overview................................................................................37
Mounting procedure for side-by-side flush mounting.............38
Making the electrical connection......................................................39
IED connectors............................................................................39
Overview................................................................................39
Front side connectors.............................................................40
Rear side connectors.............................................................41
Connection diagrams.............................................................45
Connection examples.............................................................51
Connecting to protective earth.....................................................54
Connecting the power supply module.........................................55
Configuration for analog CT inputs..............................................55
Connecting to CT and VT circuits................................................55
Connecting the binary input and output signals...........................55
Making the screen connection.....................................................57
Optical connections..........................................................................58
Connecting station communication interfaces (OEM and
SLM)............................................................................................58
Connecting remote communication interfaces (LDCM)...............59
Galvanic X.21 line data communication (X.21-LDCM).....................59
Connecting Galvanic X.21 line data communication module
(X.21 LDCM)................................................................................59
Installing the serial communication cable for RS485........................61
RS485 serial communication module..........................................61
Installing the serial communication cable for RS485 SPA/
IEC...............................................................................................65
Data on RS485 serial communication module cable...................67
Installing the GPS antenna...............................................................67
Installing the GPS antenna..........................................................67
Antenna installation................................................................67
Electrical installation...............................................................68
Section 6 Checking the external optical and electrical

connections....................................................................71
Overview...........................................................................................71
Checking the VT circuits...................................................................71
Check of CT circuits.........................................................................72
Checking the power supply..............................................................72
Checking the binary I/O circuits........................................................72
Binary input circuits.....................................................................73
2 Installation and commissioning manual REL 670

Table of contents
Binary output circuits...................................................................73

Checking the optical connections.....................................................73
Section 7 Energizing the IED.........................................................75

Overview...........................................................................................75
Energizing the IED............................................................................75
Checking the self supervision signals...............................................77
Reconfiguring the IED.................................................................77
Setting the IED time.....................................................................77
Checking the self supervision function........................................77
Determine the cause of an internal failure..............................77
Self supervision HMI data............................................................78
Section 8 Set up PCM 600 communication link per IED................79

Set up PCM 600 communication link per IED..................................79
Section 9 Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC-

communication ..............................................................85
Entering settings...............................................................................85
Entering SPA settings..................................................................85
Entering IEC settings...................................................................86
Verifying the communication............................................................86
Verifying SPA communication.....................................................86
Verifying IEC communication......................................................87
Fibre optic loop.................................................................................87
Optical budget calculation for serial communication with SPA/
IEC ...................................................................................................88
Section 10 Establishing connection and verifying the LON

communication ..............................................................89
Communication via the rear ports ....................................................89
LON communication....................................................................89
The LON Protocol........................................................................90
Hardware and software modules.................................................91
Optical budget calculation for serial communication with LON ........93
Section 11 Configuring the IED and changing settings....................95

Overview...........................................................................................95
Entering settings through the local HMI............................................96
Analog input data..............................................................................96
Configuration for analog CT inputs..............................................96
Downloading settings and configuration from a PC..........................97
Downloading the configuration and setting files..........................97
Section 12 Verifying settings by secondary injection ......................99

Overview...........................................................................................99

Table of contents
Preparing for test............................................................................100

Overview....................................................................................100
Preparing the connection to the test equipment........................101
Putting the IED into test mode...................................................101
Connecting test equipment to the IED.......................................102
Verifying the connections and the analog inputs.......................102
Releasing the function(s) to be tested.......................................103
Disturbance report.....................................................................104
Introduction...........................................................................104
Disturbance report settings..................................................104
Disturbance recorder (DR)...................................................104
Event recorder (ER).............................................................105
Identifying the function to test in the technical reference
manual ......................................................................................105
Exit test mode............................................................................105
Basic IED functions........................................................................106
Parameter setting groups (ACGR)............................................106
Verifying the settings............................................................106
Completing the test..............................................................106
Differential protection......................................................................106
High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87).....................106
Impedance protection.....................................................................107
Distance protection zones (PDIS, 21).......................................107
Phase-to-phase faults..........................................................108
Phase-to-earth faults............................................................109
Phase selection with load enchroachment (PDIS, 21)..............110
Measuring the operate limit of set values.............................115
Power swing detection (RPSB, 78)...........................................116
Testing the PSD function......................................................118
Testing the tR1 timer............................................................118
Testing the block input, interaction between PHS and
PSD......................................................................................119
Power swing logic (PSL)............................................................119
Testing the carrier send and trip signals..............................120
Testing the influence of the residual overcurrent
protection..............................................................................120
Controlling of the underreaching zone.................................121
Pole slip protection (PSP)..........................................................122

Table of contents

Automatic switch onto fault logic (PSOF)..................................124
External activation of the PSOF function..............................124
Automatic initiation of PSOF................................................125
Phase preference logic (PPL)....................................................125
Current protection...........................................................................126
Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50) ..........126
Four step phase overcurrent protection (PTOC, 51/67)............127
Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection (PIOC,
50N) ..........................................................................................128
Four step residual overcurrent protection (PTOC, 51N/
67N)...........................................................................................129
Four step directional overcurrent protection.........................129
Four step non-directional overcurrent protection..................130
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power
protection (PSDE, 67N).............................................................130
Measuring the operate and time limit for set values.............131
Thermal overload protection, one time constant (PTTR,
26).............................................................................................135
Measuring the operate and time limit of set values..............135
Breaker failure protection (RBRF, 50BF)...................................136
Checking the phase current operate value, IP>...................137
Checking the residual (EF) current operate value “IN>” set
below “IP>”...........................................................................138
Checking the re-trip and back-up times................................138
Verifying the re-trip mode.....................................................138
Verifying the back-up trip mode............................................139
Verifying instantaneous back-up trip at “CB faulty”
condition ..............................................................................140
Verifying the case FunctionMode = Contact.........................141
Verifying the function mode “Curr&Cont Check”..................141

Table of contents
Stub protection (PTOC, 50STB)................................................142

Pole discordance protection (RPLD, 52PD)..............................143
Directional underpower protection (PDUP) ..............................144
Directional overpower protection (PDOP) ................................146
Broken conductor check (BRC).................................................147
Measuring the operate and time limit of set values..............147
Voltage protection...........................................................................148
Two step undervoltage protection (PTUV, 27)..........................148
Two step overvoltage protection (PTOV, 59)............................149
Two step residual overvoltage protection (PTOV, 59N)............150
Overexcitation protection (PVPH, 24)........................................150
Voltage differential protection (PTOV, 60).................................151
Check of undervoltage levels...............................................151
Check of voltage differential trip and alarm levels................153
Check of trip and trip reset timers........................................154
Final adjustment of compensation for VT ratio
differences ...........................................................................155
Loss of voltage check (LOV).....................................................155
Frequency protection......................................................................156
Underfrequency protection (PTUF, 81).....................................156
Overfrequency protection (PTOF, 81).......................................158

Table of contents

Rate-of-change frequency protection (PFRC, 81).....................159
Multipurpose protection..................................................................160
General current and voltage protection (GAPC)........................160
Built-in overcurrent feature (non-directional)........................160
Overcurrent feature with current restraint.............................161
Overcurrent feature with voltage restraint............................161
Overcurrent feature with directionality..................................161
Over/Undervoltage feature...................................................162
Secondary system supervision.......................................................162
Current circuit supervision (RDIF).............................................162
Fuse failure supervision (RFUF)................................................163
Checking that the binary inputs and outputs operate as
expected ..............................................................................163
Measuring the operate value for the negative sequence
function ................................................................................164
Measuring the operate value for the zero sequence
function ................................................................................165
Checking the operation of the duv/dt and di/dt based
function ................................................................................165
Control............................................................................................166
Synchrocheck and energizing check (RSYN, 25)......................166
Testing the synchronizing function.......................................168
Testing the synchronism check............................................170
Testing the energizing check................................................173
Testing the voltage selection................................................174
Autorecloser (RREC, 79)...........................................................175
Preparation of the verification ..............................................177
Switching the auto-reclosing function On and Off................178
Verifying the auto-reclosing function ...................................178
Checking the reclosing conditions .......................................179
Apparatus control (APC)............................................................181
Interlocking................................................................................181
Scheme communication.................................................................181

Table of contents
Scheme communication logic for distance protection (PSCH,

85) ............................................................................................181
Testing permissive underreach............................................182
Testing permissive overreach..............................................182
Testing blocking scheme......................................................183
Checking of unblocking logic................................................183
Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for distance
protection (PSCH, 85) ..............................................................183
Current reversal logic...........................................................184
Weak end infeed logic..........................................................184
Local acceleration logic (PLAL).................................................185
Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent
protection (PSCH, 85) ..............................................................186
Testing the directional comparison logic function.................186
Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for residual
overcurrent protection (PSCH, 85) ...........................................188
Testing the current reversal logic.........................................188
Testing the weak-end-infeed logic........................................188
Logic...............................................................................................190
Tripping logic (PTRC, 94)..........................................................190
Three phase operating mode...............................................190
1ph/3ph operating mode......................................................190
1ph/2ph/3ph operating mode...............................................191
Circuit breaker lockout..........................................................192
Monitoring.......................................................................................193
Event counter (GGIO)................................................................193
Event function (EV)....................................................................193
Fault locator (RFLO)..................................................................194
Measuring the operate limit..................................................194
Metering..........................................................................................195
Pulse counter logic (GGIO).......................................................195
Station communication...................................................................196
Multiple command and trasmit (CM, MT)..................................196
Single command (CD)...............................................................196
Remote communication..................................................................196
Binary signal transfer to remote end..........................................196

Table of contents
Section 13 Commissioning and maintenance of the fault clearing

system..........................................................................199
Installation and commissioning.......................................................199
Commissioning tests......................................................................200
Periodic maintenance tests............................................................200
Visual inspection........................................................................201
Maintenance tests.....................................................................201
Preparation...........................................................................202
Recording.............................................................................202
Secondary injection..............................................................202
Alarm test.............................................................................202
Self supervision check..........................................................202
Trip circuit check..................................................................203
Measurement of service currents.........................................203
Restoring..............................................................................203
Section 14 Fault tracing and repair................................................205

Fault tracing....................................................................................205
Information on the local HMI......................................................205
Using front-connected PC or SMS............................................206
Repair instruction............................................................................208
Repair support................................................................................209
Maintenance...................................................................................209
Section 15 Glossary.......................................................................211
Glossary.........................................................................................211

10
Section 1
Introduction
Section 1 Introduction
About this chapter

This chapter introduces the user to the manual.
1.1 Introduction to the installation and

commissioning manual
1.1.1 About the complete set of manuals for an IED

The user’s manual (UM) is a complete set of five different manuals:
Application Technical Installation and Operator´s Engineering

manual reference commissioning manual guide
manual manual
en06000097.vsd
The Application Manual (AM) contains application descriptions, setting guidelines

and setting parameters sorted per function. The application manual should be used to
find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function could be used. The
manual should also be used when calculating settings.
The Technical Reference Manual (TRM) contains application and functionality

descriptions and it lists function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals,
setting parameters and technical data sorted per function. The technical reference
manual should be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase,
installation and commissioning phase, and during normal service.
The Installation and Commissioning Manual (ICM) contains instructions on how

to install and commission the protection IED. The manual can also be used as a
reference during periodic testing. The manual covers procedures for mechanical and
electrical installation, energizing and checking of external circuitry, setting and
configuration as well as verifying settings and performing directional tests. The
chapters are organized in the chronological order (indicated by chapter/section
numbers) in which the protection IED should be installed and commissioned.
The Operator’s Manual (OM) contains instructions on how to operate the protection
IED during normal service once it has been commissioned. The operator’s manual

Section 1
Introduction
can be used to find out how to handle disturbances or how to view calculated and
measured network data in order to determine the cause of a fault.
The IED 670 Engineering guide (EG) contains instructions on how to engineer the
IED 670 products. The manual guides to use the different tool components for IED
670 engineering. It also guides how to handle the tool component available to read
disturbance files from the IEDs on the basis of the IEC 61850 definitions. The third
part is an introduction about the diagnostic tool components available for IED 670
products and the PCM 600 tool.
The IEC 61850 Station Engineering guide contains descriptions of IEC 61850
station engineering and process signal routing. The manual presents the PCM 600
and CCT tool used for station engineering. It describes the IEC 61850 attribute editor
and how to set up projects and communication.
1.1.2 About the installation and commissioning manual

The installation and commissioning manual contains the following chapters:
• The chapter “Safety information” presents warning and note signs, that the user
should pay attention to.
• The chapter “Overview” is a summary of the major tasks faced when installing
and commissioning an IED.
• The chapter “Unpacking and checking the IED” explains how to take delivery
of the IED.
• The chapter “Installing the IED” explains how to install the IED.
• The chapter “Checking the external optical and electrical connections” explains
how to check that the IED is properly connected to the protection system.
• The chapter “Energizing the IED” explains how to start the IED.
• The chapter “Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC-
communication” contains explains how to enter SPA/IEC settings and verifying
the SPA/IEC communication.
• The chapter “Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication”
contains a reference to another document.
• The chapter “Configuring the IED and changing settings” explains how to
download settings and configure the terminal.
• The chapter “Verifying settings by secondary injection” contains instructions on
how to verify that each included function operates correctly according to the set
values.
• The chapter “Commissioning and maintenance of the fault clearing system”
discusses maintenance tests and other periodic maintenance measures.
• The chapter “Fault tracing and repair” explains how to troubleshoot.
• The chapter “Glossary” is a list of terms, acronyms and abbreviations used in
ABB technical documentation.

Section 1
Introduction
1.1.3 Intended audience

General
The installation and commissioning manual addresses the personnel responsible for
the installation, commissioning, maintenance and taking the protection in and out of
normal service.
Requirements
The installation and commissioning personnel must have a basic knowledge in
handling electronic equipment. The commissioning and maintenance personnel must
be well experienced in using protection equipment, test equipment, protection
functions and the configured functional logics in the protection.
1.1.4 Related documents

Documents related to REL 670 Identity number
Operator’s manual 1MRK 506 276-UEN
Installation and commissioning manual 1MRK 506 277-UEN
Technical reference manual 1MRK 506 275-UEN
Application manual 1MRK 506 278-UEN
Buyer’s guide 1MRK 506 280-BEN
Connection diagram, Single breaker arr. Three phase tripping arr. 1MRK 002 801-BA
Connection diagram, Single breaker arr. Single phase tripping arr. 1MRK 002 801-CA
Connection diagram, Multi breaker arr. Three phase tripping arr. 1MRK 002 801-DA
Connection diagram, Multi breaker arr. Single phase tripping arr. 1MRK 002 801-EA
Configuration diagram A, Single breaker with single or double busbar, 3 pole 1MRK 004 500-86
tripping (A31)
Configuration diagram B, Single breaker with single or double busbar, 1/3 pole 1MRK 004 500-87
tripping (A32)
Configuration diagram C, Multi breaker such as 1 1/2 or ring busbar arr. 3 pole 1MRK 004 500-88
tripping (B31)
Configuration diagram D, Multi breaker such as 1 1/2 or ring busbar arr. 1/3 pole 1MRK 004 500-89
tripping (B32)
Setting example 1, 400 kV Long overhead power line with 1 1/2 CB arr. 1MRK 506 267-WEN
Quadrilaterial characteristic.
Setting example 2, Setting example 1, 400 kV Long overhead power line with 1MRK 506 291-WEN
1 1/2 CB arr. Mho characteristic.
Setting example 3, 230 kV Extremely long overhead power line, double bus, 1MRK 506 268-WEN
single CB arr. Quadrilaterial characteristic.
Setting example 4, 230 kV Extremely long overhead power line, double bus, 1MRK 506 292-WEN
single CB arr. Mho characteristic.
Setting example 5, 132 kV Short overhead power line, double bus, single CB 1MRK 506 269-WEN
arr. Quadrilaterial characteristic.
Table continued on next page

Section 1
Introduction
Documents related to REL 670 Identity number

Setting example 6, 132 kV Short overhead power line, double bus, single CB 1MRK 506 290-WEN
arr. Mho characteristic.
Setting example 7, 70 kV power line on a resonance earth system. Double bus, 1MRK 506 293-WEN
single breaker arrangement.
Setting example 8, 400 kV long series compensated line. 1 1/2 breaker 1MRK 506 294-WEN
arrangement.
Connection and Installation components 1MRK 013 003-BEN

Test system, COMBITEST 1MRK 512 001-BEN
Accessories for IED 670 1MRK 514 012-BEN
Getting started guide IED 670 1MRK 500 080-UEN
SPA and LON signal list for IED 670, ver. 1.1 1MRK 500 083-WEN
IEC 61850 Data objects list for IED 670, ver. 1.1 1MRK 500 084-WEN
Generic IEC 61850 IED Connectivity package 1KHA001027-UEN
Protection and Control IED Manager PCM 600 Installation sheet 1MRS755552
Engineering guide IED 670 products 1MRK 511 179-UEN
Latest versions of the described documentation can be found on www.abb.com/substationautomation
1.1.5 Revision notes

Revision Description
B No functionality added. Minor changes made in content due to problem reports.

Section 2
Safety information
Section 2 Safety information
About this chapter

This chapter contains safety information. Warning signs are presented which urge the
user to be careful during certain operations in order to avoid injuries to humans or
damage to equipment.
2.1 Warning signs
Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations. Working

in a high voltage environment requires serious approach to avoid
human injuries and damage to equipment.
Do not touch circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal voltages

and currents are present.
Always avoid touching the circuitry when covers are removed. The
product contains electronic circuits which can be damaged if exposed
to static electricity (ESD). Lethal high voltage circuits are also
exposed when covers are removed.
Always use suitable isolated test pins when measuring signals in open
circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present.
Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a

IED during normal operation. Hazardous voltages and currents are
present that may be lethal. Operation may be disrupted and IED and
measuring circuitry may be damaged.
Always connect the IED to protective earth, regardless of the

operating conditions. This also applies to special occasions such as
bench testing, demonstrations and off-site configuration. Operating

Section 2
Safety information
the IED without proper earthing may damage both IED and measuring
circuitry and may cause injuries in case of an accident.
Never disconnect the secondary connection of current transformer

circuit without short-circuiting the transformer’s secondary winding.
Operating a current transformer with the secondary winding open will
cause a massive potential build-up that may damage the transformer
and may cause injuries to humans.
Never remove any screw from a powered IED or from a IED

connected to powered circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and
currents are present.
Take adequate measures to protect the eyes. Never look into the laser
beam.
2.2 Caution signs
Always transport PCBs (modules) using certified conductive bags.

Always handle modules using a conductive wrist strap connected to
protective ground and on a suitable antistatic surface. Electrostatic
discharge (ESD) may cause damage to the module since electronic
circuits are sensitive to this phenomena.
Do not connect live wires to the IED. Internal circuitry may be

damaged
Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground

when replacing modules. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage
the module and IED circuitry.
Take care to avoid electrical shock if accessing wiring and connection

IEDs when installing and commissioning.

Section 2
Safety information
Changing the active setting group will inevitably change the IEDs
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the
change.
2.3 Note signs
The protection assembly is designed for a maximum continuous

current of four times rated value.

18
Section 3
Overview
Section 3 Overview
About this chapter

This chapter outlines the installation and commissioning of the IED.
3.1 Commissioning and installation overview
The settings for each function must be calculated before the commissioning task can
start. A configuration, done in the configuration and programming tool, must also be
available if the IED does not have a factory configuration downloaded.
The IED is unpacked and visually checked. It is preferably mounted in a cubicle or

on a wall. The connection to the protection system has to be checked in order to verify
that the installation is successful.

20
Section 4
Unpacking and checking the IED
Section 4 Unpacking and checking the IED
About this chapter

This chapter describes the delivery and the unpacking of the IED
4.1 Taking delivery, unpacking and checking
Procedure
1. Remove the transport casing.

2. Visually inspect the IED.
3. Check that all items are included in accordance with the delivery documents.
Once the IED has been started make sure that the software functions ordered
have been included in the delivery.
4. Check for transport damages.
If transport damage is discovered appropriate action must be taken against the
latest carrier and the nearest ABB office or representative should be informed.
ABB should be notified immediately if there are any discrepancies in relation
to the delivery documents.
5. Storage
If the IED is to be stored before installation, this must be done in the original
transport casing in a dry and dust free place. Observe the environmental
requirements stated in the technical data.

22
Section 5
Installing the IED
Section 5 Installing the IED
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to install the IED.
5.1 Overview
The mechanical and electrical environmental conditions at the installation site must
be within the limits described in the IED technical data. Dusty, damp places, places
susceptible to rapid temperature variations, powerful vibrations and shocks, surge
voltages of high amplitude and fast rise time, strong induced magnetic fields or similar
extreme conditions should be avoided.
Sufficient space must be available in front of and at the rear of the IED to allow access
for maintenance and future modifications. Flush mounted IEDs should be mounted
so that IED modules can be added and replaced without excessive dismantling.
5.2 Dimensions
5.2.1 Case without rear cover

Section 5
Installing the IED
E
K
D
A F
B C
G J
xx04000448.vsd
H
Figure 1: Case without rear cover xx04000464.vsd
Figure 2: Case without rear cover

with 19” rack mounting kit
Case size (mm) A B C D E F G H J K

6U, 1/2 x 19” 265.9 223.7 201.1 252.9 205.7 190.5 203.7 - 187.6 -
6U, 3/4 x 19” 265.9 336.0 201.1 252.9 318.0 190.5 316.0 - 187.6 -
6U, 1/1 x 19” 265.9 448.3 201.1 252.9 430.3 190.5 428.3 465.1 187.6 482.6
The H and K dimensions are defined by the 19” rack mounting kit
5.2.2 Case with rear cover

Section 5
Installing the IED
D F
J
B G
C H xx05000502.vsd
xx05000501.vsd
Figure 3: Case with rear cover.

Figure 4: Case with rear cover
and 19” rack mounting
kit.
xx05000503.vsd
Figure 5: Rear cover case with

details.
Case size (mm) A B C D E F G H J K

6U, 1/2 x 19” 265.9 223.7 242.1 255.8 205.7 190.5 203.7 - 228.6 -
6U, 3/4 x 19” 265.9 336.0 242.1 255.8 318.0 190.5 316.0 - 228.6 -
6U, 1/1 x 19” 265.9 448.3 242.1 255.8 430.3 190.5 428.3 465.1 228.6 482.6
The H and K dimensions are defined by the 19” rack mounting kit.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Case size A B C D E F G H J K
(inches)
6U, 1/2 x 19” 10.47 8.81 9.53 10.07 8.10 7.50 8.02 - 9.00 -
6U, 3/4 x 19” 10.47 13.23 9.53 10.07 12.52 7.50 12.4 - 9.00 -
6U, 1/1 x 19” 10.47 17.65 9.53 10.07 16.86 7.50 16.86 18.31 9.00 19.00
The H and K dimensions are defined by the 19” rack mounting kit.
5.2.3 Flush mounting dimensions
A C
E
D
xx04000465.vsd
Figure 6: Flush mounting
Cut-out dimensions (mm)

Case size
Tolerance A B C D
+/-1 +/-1
6U, 1/2 x 19" 210.1 254.3 4.0-10.0 12.5
6U, 3/4 x 19" 322.4 254.3 4.0-10.0 12.5
6U, 1/1 x 19" 434.7 254.3 4.0-10.0 12.5
E = 188.6 mm without rear protection cover, 229.6 mm with rear protection cover

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.2.4 Side-by-side flush mounting dimensions
xx06000182.vsd
Figure 7: A 1/2 x 19” size IED 670 side-by-side with RHGS6.
G
D
B
E
F
C
xx05000505.vsd
Figure 8: Panel-cut out dimensions for side-by-side flush mounting

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.2.5 Wall mounting dimensions
B
E
C
D
en04000471.vsd
Figure 9: Wall mounting
Case size (mm) A B C D E

6U, 1/2 x 19” 292.0 267.1 272.8 390.0 243.0
6U, 3/4 x 19” 404.3 379.4 272.8 390.0 243.0
6U, 1/1 x 19” 516.0 491.1 272.8 390.0 243.0
5.3 Mounting methods and details
5.3.1 Mounting the IED

Most of the IED 670s can be rack, flush or wall mounted with the use of different
mounting kits, see figure10. An additional box of type RHGS can be mounted to one
side of a 1/2 or 3/4 IED.

Section 5
Installing the IED
The different mounting kits contain all parts needed including screws and assembly
instructions. The following mounting kits are available:
• Flush mounting kit

• 19” Panel (rack) mounting kit
• Wall mounting kit
• Side-by-side mounting kit
The same mounting kit is used for side-by-side rack mounting and side-by-side flush
mounting.
The mounting kits must be ordered separately when ordering an IED.

They are available as options on the ordering sheet in “Accessories
for IED 670”, see section 0.
Generally, all the screws included in delivered mounting kits are of Torx type and a
screwdriver of the same type is needed (Tx10, Tx15, Tx20 and Tx25).
If other type of screws are to be used, be sure to use the dimensions

of the screws that are given in this guide.
A B C D
Figure 10: Different mounting methods for IED 670
Description
A Flush mounting
B 19” Panel rack mounting
C Wall mounting
D Side-by-side rack or flush mounting

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.3.2 Flush mounting
5.3.2.1 Overview
All IED sizes, 1/2 x 19”, 3/4 x 19” and 1/1 x 19” and RHGS6 6U 1/4 x 19”, cases,
can be flush mounted. Only a single case can be mounted in each cut-out on the cubicle
panel, for class IP54 protection.
The flush mounting kit are utilized for IEDs of sizes: 1/2 x 19”, 3/4 x 19” and 1/1 x
19” and are also suitable for mounting of RHGS6, 6U 1/4 x 19” cases.
Flush mounting cannot be used for side-by-side mounted IEDs when

IP54 class must be fulfilled. Only IP20 class can be obtained when
mounting two cases side-by-side in one (1) cut-out.
To obtain IP54 class protection, an additional factory mounted sealing

must be ordered when ordering the IED.
5.3.2.2 Mounting procedure for flush mounting
1
7
2
6
5
3
xx06000246.vsd
Figure 11: Flush mounting details.

Section 5
Installing the IED
PosNo Description Quantity Type

1 Sealing strip, used to - -
obtain IP54 class. The
sealing strip is factory
mounted between the
case and front plate.
2 Fastener 4 -
3 Groove - -
4 Screw, self tapping 4 2,9x9,5 mm
5 Joining point of sealing - -
strip (rear view)
6 Panel - -
7 Screw 4 M5x25
Procedure
1. Cut an opening in the panel.

See section "Flush mounting dimensions" regarding dimensions.
2. Carefully press the sealing strip around the IEDs collar. Cut the end of the
sealing strip a few mm to long to make the joining point (5) tight.
The sealing strip is delivered with the mounting kit. The strip is long enough
for the largest available IED.
3. Insert the IED into the opening (cut-out) in the panel.
4. Attach the fasteners to the IED.
Insert the panel end of the fastener in the gap between the IED and the panel.
Insert the rear end of the fastener into the groove. Insert from the rear side and
lightly tighten the screw (4)
Repeat this with the remaining fasteners.
5. Fix the IED by tightening all four (7) screws against the panel.
5.3.3 19” panel rack mounting
5.3.3.1 Overview
All IED sizes can be mounted in a standard 19” cubicle rack by using the for each
size suited mounting kit which consists of two mounting angles and fastening screws
for the angles. The mounting angles are reversible which enables mounting of IED
size 1/2 x 19” or 3/4 x 19” either to the left or right side of the cubicle.
Please note that the separately ordered rack mounting kit for side-by-
side mounted IEDs, or IEDs together with RHGS cases, is to be
selected so that the total size equals 19”.

Section 5
Installing the IED
When mounting the mounting angles, be sure to use screws that

follows the recommended dimensions. Using screws with other
dimensions than the original may damage the PCBs inside the IED.
5.3.3.2 Mounting procedure for 19” panel rack mounting
1a
1b
xx04000452.vs d
Figure 12: 19” panel rack mounting details

1a, 1b Mounting angels, which can be mounted, either to the 2 -
left or right side of the case.
2 Screw 8 M4x6
Procedure
1. Carefully fasten the mounting angles (1a, 1b) to the sides of the IED.
Use the screws (2) supplied in the mounting kit.
2. Place the IED assembly in the 19” panel.
3. Fasten the mounting angles with appropriate screws.

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.3.4 Wall mounting
5.3.4.1 Overview
All case sizes, 1/2 x 19”, 3/4 x 19” and 1/1 x 19”, can be wall mounted. It is also
possible to mount the IED on a panel or in a cubicle.
When mounting the side plates, be sure to use screws that follows the
recommended dimensions. Using screws with other dimensions than
the original may damage the PCBs inside the IED.
If fiber cables are bent too much, the signal can be weakened. Wall
mounting is therefore not recommended for communication modules
with fiber connection; Serial SPA/IEC 60870-5-103 and LON
communication module (SLM), Optical Ethernet module (OEM) and
Line data communication module (LDCM).
5.3.4.2 Mounting procedure for wall mounting
3
4
2
6
xx04000453.vs d
Figure 13: Wall mounting details.

Section 5
Installing the IED

1 Bushing 4 -
2 Screw 8 M4x10
3 Screw 4 M6x12 or
corresponding
4 Mounting bar 2 -
5 Screw 6 M5x8
6 Side plate 2 -
Procedure
1. Mount the mounting bars onto the wall (4).

See section "Wall mounting dimensions" for mounting dimensions.
Depending on the wall different preparations may be needed like drilling and
inserting plastic or expander plugs (concrete/plasterboard walls) or threading
(metal sheet wall).
2. Make all electrical connections to the IED terminal.
It is much easier to do this without the unit in place.
3. Mount the side plates to the IED.
4. Mount the IED to the mounting bars.
5.3.4.3 How to reach the rear side of the IED
The IED can be equipped with a rear protection cover which is recommended to use
with this type of mounting. See figure 14.
To reach the rear side of the IED, a free space of 80 mmis required on the unhinged
side.

Section 5
Installing the IED
View from above
3
1
80 mm 2
en06000135.vsd
Figure 14: How to reach the connectors on the rear side of the IED.
PosNo Description Type

1 Screw M4x10
2 Screw M5x8
3 Rear protection cover -
Procedure
1. Remove the inner screws (1), upper and lower on one side.
2. Remove all three fixing screws (2), on the opposite side, from wall support.
3. The IED can now be swung out for access to the connectors, after removing any
rear protection.
5.3.5 Side-by-side 19” rack mounting
5.3.5.1 Overview
IED case sizes, 1/2 x 19” or 3/4 x 19” and RHGS cases, can be mounted side-by-side
up to a maximum size of 19”. For side-by-side rack mounting, the side-by-side
mounting kit together with the 19” rack panel mounting kit must be used. The
mounting kit has to be ordered separately.
When mounting the plates and the angles on the IED, be sure to use
screws that follows the recommended dimensions. Using screws with
other dimensions than the original may damage the PCBs inside the
IED.

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.3.5.2 Mounting procedure for side-by-side rack mounting
2
1
xx04000456.vsd
Figure 15: Side-by-side rack mounting details.

1 Mounting plate 2 -
2, 3 Screw 16 M4x6
4 Mounting angle 2 -
Procedure
1. Place the two IEDs next to each other on a flat surface.

2. Fasten a side-by-side mounting plate (1).
Use four of the delivered screws (2, 3).
3. Carefully turn the two IEDs up-side down.
4. Fasten the second side-by-side mounting plate.
Use the remaining four screws.
5. Carefully fasten the mounting angles (4) to the sides of the IED.
Use the screws available in the mounting kit.
6. Place the IED assembly in the rack.
5.3.5.3 IED 670 mounted with a RHGS6 case
An 1/2 x 19” or 3/4 x 19” size IED can be mounted with a RHGS (6 or 12 depending
on IED size) case. The RHGS case can be used for mounting a test switch of type
RTXP 24. It also has enough space for a terminal base of RX 2 type for mounting of,
for example, a DC-switch or two trip relays.

Section 5
Installing the IED
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
xx06000180.vsd
Figure 16: IED 670 (1/2 x 19”) mounted with a RHGS6 case containing a test
switch module equipped with only a test switch and a RX2 terminal
base.
5.3.6 Side-by-side flush mounting
5.3.6.1 Overview
It is not recommended to flush mount side by side mounted cases if IP54 is required.
If your application demands side-by-side flush mounting, the side-by-side mounting
details kit and the 19” panel rack mounting kit must be used. The mounting kit has
to be ordered separately. The maximum size of the panel cut out is 19”.
With side-by-side flush mounting installation, only IP class 20 is

obtained. To reach IP class 54, it is recommended to mount the IEDs
separately. For cut out dimensions of separately mounted IEDs, see
section "Flush mounting".
When mounting the plates and the angles on the IED, be sure to use
screws that follows the recommended dimensions. Using screws with
other dimensions than the original may damage the PCBs inside the
IED.
Please contact factory for special add on plates for mounting FT

switches on the side (for 1/2 19" case) or bottom of the relay.

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.3.6.2 Mounting procedure for side-by-side flush mounting
1 2
xx06000181.vsd
Figure 17: Side-by-side flush mounting details (RHGS6 side-by-side with 1/2 x
19” IED).

1 Mounting plate 2 -
2, 3 Screw 16 M4x6
4 Mounting angle 2 -
Procedure
1. Make a panel cut-out.

For panel cut out dimension, see section "Side-by-side flush mounting
dimensions".
2. Carefully press the sealing strip around the IED collar. Cut the end of the sealing
strip a few mm to long to make the joining point tight.
Repeat the same procedure with the second case.
The sealing strip is delivered with the mounting kit. The strip is long enough
for the largest available IED.
3. Place the two IEDs next to each other on a flat surface.
4. Fasten a side-by-side mounting plate (1).
Use four of the delivered screws (2, 3).
5. Carefully turn the two IEDs up-side down.
6. Fasten the second side-by-side mounting plate.
Use the remaining four screws.
7. Carefully fasten the mounting angles (4) to the sides of the IED.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Use the fixing screws available in the mounting kit.

8. Insert the IED into the cut-out.
5.4 Making the electrical connection
5.4.1 IED connectors
5.4.1.1 Overview
The quantity and designation of connectors depend upon the type and size of the IED.
The rear cover plates are prepared with space for the maximum of HW options for
each case size and the cut-outs that are not in use are covered with a plate from factory.
Table 1: Basic modules, always included

Module Description
Combined backplane module (CBM) A backplane PCB that carries all internal signals
between modules in an IED. Only the TRM is not
connected directly to this board.
Universal backplane module (UBM) A backplane PCB that forms part of the IED
backplane with connectors for TRM, ADM etc.
Power supply module (PSM) Including a regulated DC/DC converter that
supplies auxiliary voltage to all static circuits.
• An internal fail alarm output is available.
Numerical module (NUM) Module for overall application control. All

information is processed or passed through this
module, such as configuration, settings and
communication.
Local Human machine interface (LHMI) The module consists of LED:s, an LCD, a push
button keyboard and an ethernet connector used to
connect a PC to the IED.
Transformer input module (TRM) Transformer module that galvanically separates the
internal circuits from the VT and CT circuits. It has
12 analog inputs.
Analog digital conversion module (ADM) Slot mounted PCB with A/D conversion.
Table 2: Application specific modules

Module Description
Binary input module (BIM) Module with 16 optically isolated binary inputs
Binary output module (BOM) Module with 24 single outputs or 12 double-pole
command outputs including supervision function
Binary I/O module (IOM) Module with 8 optically isolated binary inputs, 10
outputs and 2 fast signalling outputs.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Module Description
Line data communication modules (LDCM) (short Modules used for digital communication to remote
range, medium range, long range, X21) terminal.
Serial SPA/LON/IEC 60870-5-103 Used for SPA/LON/IEC 60870–5–103
communication modules (SLM) communication
Optical ethernet module (OEM) PMC board for IEC 61850 based communication.
mA input module (MIM) Analog input module with 6 independent,
galvanically separated channels.
GPS time synchronization module (GSM) Used to provide the IED with GPS time
synchronization.
Static output module (SOM) Module with 6 fast static outputs and 6 change over
output relays.
IRIG-B Time synchronization module Module with 2 inputs. One is used for handling both
pulse-width modulated signals and amplitude
modulated signals and one is used for optical input
type ST for PPS time synchronization.
5.4.1.2 Front side connectors
Figure 18: IED front side connector
PosNo Description
1 IED serial communication port with RJ45 connector
2 Ethernet cable with RJ45 connectors

Section 5
Installing the IED
The cable between PC and the IED serial communication port shall
be a crossed-over Ethernet cable with RJ45 connectors. If the
connection are made via a hub or switch, a standard Ethernet cable
can be used.
5.4.1.3 Rear side connectors
Table 3: Designations for 1/2 x 19” casing with 1 TRM slot
Module Rear Positions

PSM X11
BIM, BOM, SOM or IOM X31 and X32 etc. to X51 and
X52
BIM, BOM, SOM, IOM or X51, X52
GSM
SLM X301:A, B, C, D
IRIG-B 1) X302
OEM X311:A, B, C, D
RS485 or LDCM 2) 3) X312
LDCM 2) X313
TRM X401
1) IRIG-B installation, when included in seat P30:2

2) LDCM installation sequence: P31:2 or P31:3
3) RS485 installation, when included in seat P31:2
Note!
1 One LDCM can be included depending of availability of
IRIG-B respective RS485 modules.

Section 5
Installing the IED

PSM X11
BIM, BOM, SOM, IOM or X31 and X32 etc. to
MIM X101 and X102
BIM, BOM, SOM, IOM, X101, X102
MIM or GSM
SLM X301:A, B, C, D
IRIG-B or LDCM 1) 2) X302
LDCM 2) X303
OEM X311:A, B, C, D
RS485 or LDCM 2) 3) X312
LDCM 2) X313
TRM X401

2) LDCM installation sequence: P31:2, P31:3, P30:2
and P30:3
Note!
2-4 LDCM can be included depending of availability
of IRIG-B respective RS485 modules.

Section 5
Installing the IED

PSM X11
BIM, BOM, SOM, IOM or X31 and X32 etc. to X71 and
MIM X72
BIM, BOM, SOM, IOM, X71, X72
MIM or GSM
SLM X301:A, B, C, D
IRIG-B or LDCM 1,2) X302
LDCM 2) X303
OEM X311:A, B, C, D
RS485 or LDCM 2) 3) X312
LDCM 2) X313
LDCM 2) X322
LDCM 2) X323
TRM 1 X401
TRM 2 X411

2) LDCM installation sequence: P31:2, P31:3, P32:2, P32:3,
P30:2 and P30:3
Note!
2-4 LDCM can be included depending of availability of IRIG-
B respective RS485 modules.

Section 5
Installing the IED

PSM X11
BIM, BOM, SOM, X31 and X32 etc. to X161 and
IOM or MIM X162
BIM, BOM, SOM, X161, X162
IOM, MIM or GSM
SLM X301:A, B, C, D
IRIG-B or LDCM X302
1,2)
LDCM 2) X303
OEM X311:A, B, C, D
RS485 or LDCM 2) X312
3)
LDCM 2) X313
TRM X401

2) LDCM installation sequence: P31:2, P31:3, P30:2
and P30:3
Note!

Section 5
Installing the IED
Table 7: Designations for 1/1 x 19” casing with 2 TRM slots

PSM X11
BIM, BOM, SOM, X31 and X32 etc. to X131 and
IOM or MIM X132
BIM, BOM, SOM, X131, X132
IOM, MIM or GSM
SLM X301:A, B, C, D
IRIG-B or LDCM X302
1,2)
LDCM 2) X303
OEM X311:A, B, C, D
RS485 or LDCM 2) X312
3)
LDCM 2) X313
LDCM 2) X322
LDCM 2) X323
TRM 1 X401
TRM 2 X411

2) LDCM installation sequence: P31:2, P31:3, P32:2,
P32:3, P30:2 and P30:3
Note!
5.4.1.4 Connection diagrams

Section 5
Installing the IED
CT/VT-input designation according to figure 19

Current/voltage AI0 AI AI AI AI AI AI07 AI08 AI09 AI10 AI11 AI12
configuration 1 02 03 04 05 06
(50/60 Hz)
9I (1A) and 3U 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 110-22 110-22 110-22
0V 0V 0V
9I (5A) and 3U 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 110-22 110-22 110-22
0V 0V 0V
5I (1A) and 4I (5A) 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 5A 5A 5A 5A 110-22 110-22 110-22
and 3U 0V 0V 0V
7I (1A) and 5U 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22
0V 0V 0V 0V 0V
7I (5A) and 5U 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22
0V 0V 0V 0V 0V
6I (1A) and 6U 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22
0V 0V 0V 0V 0V 0V
6I (5A) and 6U 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22 110-22
0V 0V 0V 0V 0V 0V
Figure 19: Transfo
6I (1A) 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A - - - - - -
rmer
input 6I (5A) 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A 5A - - - - - -
module
(TRM)

Section 5
Installing the IED
Figure 21: mA input module (MIM)
Figure 20: Binary input module (BIM).

Input contacts named XA
corresponds to rear position
X31, X41, etc. and input
contacts named XB to rear
position X32, X42, etc.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Figure 22: Communication interfaces (OEM, LDCM, SLM and HMI)

Note to figure 22
1) Rear communication port SPA/IEC 61850-5-103, ST-connector for glass alt. HFBR Snap-in connector for plastic as ordered
2) Rear communication port LON, ST connector for glass alt. HFBR Snap-in connector for plastic as ordered
3) Rear communication port RS485, terminal block
4) Time synchronization port IRIG-B, BNC-connector
5) Time synchronization port PPS or Optical IRIG-B, ST-connector
6) Rear communication prot IEC 61850, ST-connector
7) Rear communication port C37.94, ST-connector
8) Front communication port Ethernet, RJ45 connector
9) Rear communication port 15-pole female micro D-sub, 1.27 mm (0.050") pitch
10) Rear communication port, terminal block

Section 5
Installing the IED
Figure 24: GPS time synchronization module

(GSM)
Figure 23: Power supply module (PSM)
Figure 25: Binary output module (BOM). Output contacts named XA corresponds to rear position X31, X41,
etc. and output contacts named XB to rear position X32, X42, etc.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Figure 26: Static output module (SOM)
Figure 27: Binary in/out module (IOM). Input contacts named XA corresponds to rear position X31, X41, etc.
and output contacts named XB to rear position X32, X42, etc.

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.4.1.5 Connection examples
WARNING! USE EXTREME CAUTION! Dangerously high

voltages might be present on this equipment, especially on the plate
with resistors. Do any maintenance ONLY if the primary object
protected with this equipment is de-energized. If required by national
low/standard enclose the plate with resistors with a protective cover
or in a separate box!
Connections for three-phase high impedance differential protection

Generator, reactor or busbar differential protection is a typical application for three-
phase high impedance differential protection. Typical CT connections for three-phase
high impedance differential protection scheme with 670 series are shown in figure
CT connections for High Impedance Differential Protection
L1 L2 L3
(A) (B) (C) 8
7
1
CT 1200/1 2 AI01 (I)

Star/Wye 3
Connected 4 AI02 (I)
5
6 AI03 (I)
7
8 AI04 (I) 9
9
10 AI05 (I) 10
1
11
12 AI06 (I)
Protected Object IED 670

N
L3 (C)
L2 (B)
L1 (A)
N 4
L3 (C)
L2 (B)
CT 1200/1 L1 (A) 5
Star/Wye
Connected X1 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2
3
1
1
3
3
R4
R5
R6
R1
R2
R3
2 U
2 U
2 U
X X
2
L1 L2 L3 6
(A) (B) (C) 3-Ph Plate with Metrosils and Resistors
Figure 28: CT connections for High Impedance Differential Protection
• Number 1 shows the scheme earthing point. Note that it is of outmost importance
to insure that only one earthing point exist in such scheme.
• Number 2 shows the three-phase plate with setting resistors and metrosils.
• Number 3 shows the necessary connection for three-phase metrosil set. Shown
connections are applicable for both types of three-phase plate.
• Number 4 shows the position of optional test switch for secondary injection into
the high impedance differential relay.
• Number 5 shows the necessary connection for setting resistors. Shown
connections are applicable for both types of three-phase plate.

Section 5
Installing the IED
• Number 6 shows that the factory made star point on a three-phase setting resistor
set shall be removed for installations with 670 series. This star point is required
for RADHA schemes only!
• Number 7 shows how to connect three individual phase currents for high
impedance scheme to three CT inputs in IED 670.
• Number 8 shows a TRM module where these current inputs are located. Note
that the CT ratio for high impedance differential protection application must be
set as one! Thus for main CTs with 1A secondary rating the following setting
values shall be entered: CTprim=1A and CTsec=1A; while for main CTs with
5A secondary rating the following setting values shall be entered: CTprim=5A
and CTsec=5A. The parameter CTStarPoint shall be always left to the default
value ToObject.
• Number 9 shows three connections made in Signal Matrix Tool (i.e. SMT) which
connect these three current inputs to first three input channels of the
preprocessing function block (10). For high impedance differential protection
preprocessing function block in 3ms task shall be used.
• Number 10 shows the preprocessing block which has a task to digitally filter the
connected analogue inputs. Preprocessing block outputs AI1, AI2 and AI3 shall
be connected to three instances of high impedance differential protection
function blocks (e.g. HZD1, HZD2 and HZD3 function blocks in the
configuration tool).
Connections for three-phase high impedance differential protection

Restricted earth fault (REF) protection is a typical application for one-phase high
impedance differential protection. Typical CT connections for high impedance based
REF protection scheme with 670 series are shown in figure CT connections for
Restricted Earth Fault Protection

Section 5
Installing the IED
L1 L2 L3
(A) (B) (C) 7
CT 1500/5 2 AI01 (I) 9

Star/Wye 3
Connected 4 AI02 (I)
5
6 6 AI03 (I)
7
8 AI04 (I)
9
10 AI05 (I)
11 8
Protected Object 12 AI06 (I)
L1 L2 L3
IED 670
N
(A) (B) (C)
4
1
N
CT 1500/5
X1 4 5 1 2 3
2
3
5
1
3
R1
R2
2 U
4
2
en07000194.vsd 1-Ph Plate with Metrosil and Resistor
Figure 29: CT connections for Restricted Earth Fault Protection
• Number 1 shows the scheme earthing point. Note that it is of outmost importance
to insure that only one earthing point exist in such scheme.
• Number 2 shows the one-phase plate with setting resistor and metrosil.
• Number 3 shows the necessary connection for the metrosil. Shown connections
are applicable for both types of one-phase plate. • Number 4 shows the position
of optional test switch for secondary injection into the high impedance
differential relay.
• Number 4 shows the position of optional test switch for secondary injection into
the high impedance differential relay.
• Number 5 shows the necessary connection for setting resistor. Shown
connections are applicable for both types of one-phase plate.
• Number 6 shows how to connect the REF high impedance scheme to one CT
input in IED 670.
• Number 7 shows a TRM module where this current input is located. Note that
the CT ratio for high impedance differential protection application must be set
as one! Thus for main CTs with 1A secondary rating the following setting values
shall be entered: CTprim=1A and CTsec=1A; while for main CTs with 5A
secondary rating the following setting values shall be entered: CTprim=5A and
CTsec=5A. The parameter CTStarPoint shall be always left to the default value
ToObject.
• Number 8 shows a connection made in Signal Matrix Tool (i.e. SMT) which
connects this current input to first input channel of the preprocessing function
block (10). For high impedance differential protection preprocessing function
block in 3ms task shall be used.
• Number 9 shows the preprocessing block which has a task to digitally filter the
connected analogue inputs. Preprocessing block output AI1 shall be connected

Section 5
Installing the IED
to one instances of high impedance differential protection function block (e.g.

HZD1 function block in the configuration tool).
5.4.2 Connecting to protective earth

Connect the earthing screw (pos 1 in figure 30) on the rear of the IED unit to the
closest possible earthing point in the cubicle. Electrical codes and standards require
that protective earth cables are green/yellow conductors with a cross section area of
at least 2.5 mm2 (AWG14). There are several protective earthing screws on an IED.
The Power supply module (PSM), Transformer input modules (TRM) and the
enclosure are all separately earthed, see figure 30 below.
The cubicle must be properly connected to the station earthing system. Use a
conductor with a core cross section area of at least 4 mm2 (AWG 12).
3
1
en05000509.vsd
Figure 30: Rear view of IED with one TRM showing earthing points.
PosNo Description
1 Main protective earth to chassis
2 Earthing screw to Power supply module (PSM)
3 Earthing screw to Transformer input module (TRM). (There is one earth connection per TRM)
Use the main protective earth screw (1) for connection to the stations
earthing system. Earthing screws for PSM module (2) and TRM
module (3) must be fully tightened to secure protective earth
connection of these modules.

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.4.3 Connecting the power supply module

The wiring from the cubicle terminal block to the IED terminals (see figure 23 for
PSM connection diagram) must be made in accordance with the established
guidelines for this type of equipment. The wires from binary inputs and outputs and
the auxiliary supply must be routed separated from the current transformer cables
between the terminal blocks of the cubicle and the IEDs connections. The connections
are made on connector X11. For location of connector X11, refer to section "Rear
side connectors".
5.4.4 Configuration for analog CT inputs

The secondary rated current of the CT (i.e. 1A or 5A) determines the choice of TRM
in the IED. Two TRMs are available, One is dimensioned for an input current of 5A
and the other for an input of 1A. If the CT rated secondary current does not match
the TRM input current rating adjustments can be made in settings depending on the
tolerance of the TRM.
5.4.5 Connecting to CT and VT circuits

CTs and VTs are connected to the 24–pole connector of the Transformer input module
(TRM) on the rear side of the IED. Connection diagram for TRM is shown in
figure 19.
Use a solid conductor with a cross section area between 2.5-6 mm2 (AWG14-10) or
a stranded conductor with a cross section area between 2.5-4 mm2 (AWG14-12).
If the IED is equipped with a test-switch of type RTXP 24 COMBIFLEX wires with
20 A sockets must be used to connect the CT and VT circuits.
Connectors X401 and X402 (for location see section "Rear side connectors") for
current and voltage transformer circuits are so called “feed-through terminal blocks”
and are designed for conductors with cross sectional area up to 4 mm2 (AWG 12).
The screws used to fasten the conductors should be tightened with a torque of 1Nm.
5.4.6 Connecting the binary input and output signals

Auxiliary power and signals are connected using voltage connectors. Signal wires are
connected to a female connector, see figure 31, which is then plugged into the
corresponding male connector, see figure 32, located at the rear of the IED. For
location of BIM, BOM, IOM and SOM refer to section "Rear side connectors".
Connection diagrams for BIM, BOM, IOM and SOM are shown in figure 20,
figure 25, figure26 and figure 27.
If the IED is equipped with a test-switch of type RTXP 24 COMBIFLEX wires with
20 A sockets, 1.5mm² (AWG16) conductor area must be used to connect the auxiliary
power.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Procedure
1. Connect signals to the female connector

All wiring to the female connector should be done before it is plugged into the
male part and screwed to the case. The conductors can be of rigid type (solid,
stranded) or of flexible type.
The female connectors accept conductors with a cross section area of 0.2-2.5
mm2 (AWG 24-14). If two conductors are used in the same terminal, the
maximum permissible cross section area is 0.2-1 mm2 (AWG 24-18 each).
If two conductors, each with area 1.5 mm2 (AWG 16) need to be connected to
the same terminal, a ferrule must be used, see figure 33. This ferrule, is applied
with the by Phoenix recommended crimping tool, see figure "". No soldering
is needed. Wires with a smaller gauge can be inserted directly into the female
connector receptacle and the fastening screw shall be tightened with a torque of
0.4 Nm (This torque applies to all binary connectors).
2. Plug the connector to the corresponding back-side mounted male connector
3. Lock the connector by fastening the lock screws
xx02000742.vsd
Figure 31: A female connector
Figure 32: Board with male connectors

Section 5
Installing the IED
2 1
xx06000168.vsd
Figure 33: Cable connectors
PosNo Description
1 Is ferrule,
2 A bridge connector, is used to jump terminal points in a connector.
5.4.7 Making the screen connection

When using screened cables always make sure screens are earthed and connected
according to applicable engineering methods. This may include checking for
appropriate earthing points near the IED, for instance, in the cubicle and/or near the
source of measuring. Ensure that earth connections are made with short (max. 10 cm)
conductors of an adequate cross section, at least 6 mm2 (AWG10) for single screen
connections.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Lc Cc Lc
Rx Tx
External
IED
Equipment
Tx Rx
2
Sc Sc 2
1 en06000190.vsd
Figure 34: Communication cable installation.
PosNo Description
1 Outer shield
2 Protective earth screw
3 Inner shield
Inner shielding of the cable shall be grounded at the external

equipment end only. At the Relay terminal end, the inner shield must
be isolated from protective ground.
5.5 Optical connections
5.5.1 Connecting station communication interfaces (OEM and

SLM)
The IED can, if ordered accordingly, be equipped with an optical ethernet module
(OEM, see figure 22), needed for IEC 61850 communication and a serial
communication module (SLM, see figure 22) for LON, SPA and IEC 60870–5–103
communication. In such cases optical ports are provided on the rear side of the case
for connection of the optical fibers. For location of OEM and SLM, refer to
section "Rear side connectors".
• Optical ports X311: A, B (Tx, Rx) and X311: C, D (Tx, Rx) on the OEM module
are used for IEC 61850 communication. Connectors are of ST type. When the

Section 5
Installing the IED
optical ethernet module is used, the protection plate for the galvanic connection
must not be removed.
• Optical port X301: A, B (Tx, Rx) on the SLM module is used for SPA or IEC
60870-5-103 communication. Connectors are of ST type (glass) or HFBR Snap
in (plastic).
• Optical port X301: C, D (Tx, Rx) on the SLM module is used for LON
communication. Connectors are of ST type (glass) or HFBR Snap in (plastic).
Connectors are generally color coded; connect blue or dark grey cable connectors to
blue or dark grey (receive) back-side connectors. Connect black or grey cable
connectors to black or grey (transmit) back-side connectors.
The fiber optical cables are very sensitive to handling. Do not bend
too sharply. The minimum curvature radius is 15 cm for the plastic
fiber cables and 25 cm for the glass fiber cables. If cable straps are
used to fix the cables, apply with loose fit.
Always hold the connector, never the cable, when connecting or
disconnecting optical fibers. Do not twist, pull or bend the fiber.
Invisible damage may increase fiber attenuation thus making
communication impossible.
Please, strictly follow the instructions from the manufacturer for each
type of optical cables/connectors.
5.5.2 Connecting remote communication interfaces (LDCM)

The Line Data Communication Module (LDCM, see figure 22) is the hardware used
for the transfer of binary and analog signal data between IEDs in different protection
schemes on the IEEE/ANSI C37.94 protocol. The optical ports on the rear side of the
IED are X302, X303, X312 and X313. For location of LDCM module, refer to
section "Rear side connectors".
5.6 Galvanic X.21 line data communication (X.21-

LDCM)
5.6.1 Connecting Galvanic X.21 line data communication module

(X.21 LDCM)
The Galvanic X.21 line data communication module (X.21 LDCM, see figure 22) is
the hardware used for the transfer of binary and analog signal data between IEDs in
different protection schemes via telecommunication equipment, for example leased

Section 5
Installing the IED
telephone lines. For location of X-21 LDCM module, refer to section "Rear side
connectors".
The galvanic X.21 line data communication module uses a ABB specific PC*MIP
Type II format.
C
en07000196.vsd
Figure 35: Overview of the X.21 LDCM module
1 3
2 en07000195.vsd
Figure 36: The X.21 LDCM module external connectors
1. Ground selection connector for IO, screw terminals, 2-pole

2. Ground pin
3. X.21: Micro D-sub 15 pole female connector according to the V11 (X.27)
balanced version
Soft ground
To avoid ground loops when the grounds are connected, a soft ground connection for
the IO-ground can be used. This is handled in the ground selection connector.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Three different kinds of grounding principles can be set:

1. No ground - leave the connector without any connection
2. Direct ground - connect the ground pin directly to earth
3. Soft ground - connect the two pins to each other
X.21 connector
Table 8: Pinout for the X.21 communication connector
Pin number Signal

1 Shield (ground)
2 TXD A
3 Control A
4 RXD A
6 Signal timing A
8 Ground
9 TXD B
10 Control B
11 RXD B
13 Signal timing B
5,7,12,14,15 Not used
5.7 Installing the serial communication cable for

RS485
5.7.1 RS485 serial communication module

Angle
bracket
Screw
terminal 1
X3 2
1
2 RS485
3 PWB
Screw 4
terminal
5
X1
6
Backplate
en07000140.vsd
Figure 37: The connection plate to the backplate with connectors and screws.
This figure also shows the pin numbering from the component side

Section 5
Installing the IED
Pin Name 2-wire Name 4-wire Description

x3:1 soft ground
x3:2 soft ground
x1:1 RS485 + TX+ Receive/transmit high
or transmit high
x1:2 RS485 – TX- Receive/transmit low or
transmit low
x1:3 Term T-Term Termination resistor for
transmitter (and
receiver in 2-wire case)
(connect to TX+)
x1:4 reserved R-Term Termination resistor for
receiver (connect to RX
+)
x1:5 reserved RX- Receive low
x1:6 reserved RX+ Receive high
2–wire: Connect pin X1:1 to pin
X1:6 and pin X1:2 to pin
X1:5.
Termination (2-wire): Connect pin X1:1 to pin
X1:3
Termination (4-wire): Connect pin X1:1 to pin
X1:3 and pin X1:4 to pin
X1:6
The distance between earth points should be < 1200 m (3000 ft), see figure 38 and
39. Only the outer shielding is connected to the protective earth at the terminal. The
inner and outer shieldings are connected to the protective earth at the external
equipment. Use insulating tape for the inner shield to prevent contact with the
protective earth. Make sure that the terminals are properly earthed with as short
connections as possible from the earth screw, for example to an earthed frame.
The terminal and the external equipment should preferably be connected to the same
battery.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Cc 1)
Cc
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 2)
X1 X1
External
IED IED Equipment (PC)
PE PE PE
PE 1) 3)
en07000141.vsd
Figure 38: Communication cable installation, 2-wire.
Where:
1 The inner shields shall be connected together (with an isolated terminal block) and only have
one earthing point in the whole system, preferably at the external equipment (PC).
The outer shield shall be connected to Protective Earth (PE) in every cable end i.e. to PE at
all relay terminals and to PE at External equipment (PC). The first terminal will have only one
cable end but all others of course two.
2 Connect according to installation instructions for the actual equipment, observe the 120 ohms
termination.
3 The protective earth should be close to the external equipment (< 2m)
Cc Communication cable
PE Protective earth screw

Section 5
Installing the IED
Cc 1)
Cc
1)
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 2)
X1 X1
External
IED IED Equipment (PC)
PE PE PE
PE 1) 3)
en07000142.vsd
Figure 39: Communication cable installation, 4-wire.
Where:
1 The inner shields shall be connected together (with an isolated terminal block) and only have
one earthing point in the whole system, preferably at the external equipment (PC).
The outer shield shall be connected to Protective Earth (PE) in every cable end i.e. to PE at
all relay terminals and to PE at External equipment (PC). The first terminal will have only one
cable end but all others of course two.
2 Connect according to installation instructions for the actual equipment, observe the 120 ohms
termination.
3 The protective earth should be close to the external equipment (< 2m)
Cc Communication cable
PE Protective earthscrew
en03000110.vsd
Figure 40: Cable contact, Phoenix: MSTB2.5/6-ST-5.08 1757051
Where:
1 is cable

Section 5
Installing the IED
2 is screw
Pair separator
Pair Shield
Drain wire
Conductor
Overall shield
Separator
Jacket
en07000139.vsd
Figure 41: Cross section of communication cable
The EIA standard RS-485 specifies the RS485 network. An informative excerpt is
given in section "Installing the serial communication cable for RS485 SPA/IEC".
5.7.2 Installing the serial communication cable for RS485 SPA/IEC

Informative excerpt from EIA Standard RS-485 - Electrical Characteristics of
Generators and Receivers for Balanced Digital Multipoint Systems
RS-485 Wire - Media dependent Physical layer
1 Normative references
EIA Standard RS-485 - Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Balanced Digital
Multipoint Systems
2 Transmission method
RS-485 differential bipolar signaling
2.1 Differential signal levels
Two differential signal levels are defined:
A+ =line A positive with respect to line B
A- =line A negative with respect to line B
2.2 Galvanic isolation
The RS485 circuit shall be isolated from earth by:
Riso ≥ 10 MW
Ciso ≤ 10 pF
Three isolation options exist:
a) The entire node electronics can be galvanically isolated

Section 5
Installing the IED
b) The bus interface circuit can be isolated form the rest of node electronics by optoisolators,
transformer coupling or otherwise.
c) The RS485 chip can include built-in isolation
2.3 Bus excitation and signal conveyance
2.3.1 Requirements
a) The RS485 specification requires the Signal A and Signal B wires.
b) Each node also requires (5 V) Excitation of the RS485 termination network.
c) Vim - the common mode voltage between any pair of RS485 chips may not exceed 10 V.
d) A physical ground connection between all RS485 circuits will reduce noise.
2.3.2 Bus segment termination network
The termination network below required at each end of each Bus Ph-segment.
ExV+
Ru = 390 ohm
1/4 W, 2%
Signal B
Rt = 220 ohm
1/4 W, 2%
Signal A
Rd = 390 ohm
1/4 W, 2%
DGND
ExV is supplied by the Node at end of the Bus Segment
en03000112.vsd
Figure 42: RS-485 bus segment termination

ExV is supplied by the Node at end of the Bus Segment
The specifications of the components are:

a) Ru + 5 V to Signal B = 390 W, 0.25 W ±2.5%
b) Rt Signal B to Signal A = 220 W, 0.25 W ±2.5%
c) Rd Signal A to GND = 390 W, 0.25 W ±2.5%
2.3.3 Bus power distribution

The end node in each Ph-segment applies 5 V bus excitation power to the Termination network via
the Excitation pair (ExV+ and GND) used in the Type 3 Physical layer specification.

Section 5
Installing the IED
5.7.3 Data on RS485 serial communication module cable

Type: Twisted-pair S-STP (Screened – Screened Twisted Pair)
Shield: Individual foil for each pair with overall copper braid
Length: Maximum 1200 m (3000 ft) from one system earth to the next system earth
(includes length from platform point to system earth on both sides)
Temp: According to application
Impedance: 120 W
Capacitance: Less than or equal to 42 pF/m
Example: Belden 9841,Alpha wire 6412, 6413
5.8 Installing the GPS antenna
5.8.1 Installing the GPS antenna
5.8.1.1 Antenna installation
The antenna is mounted on a console for mounting on a horizontal or vertical flat

surface or on an antenna mast.
1 6
4 7
5
xx05000510.vsd
Figure 43: GPS antenna and mounting accessories
PosNO Description
1 GPS antenna
2 TNC connector
3 Console, 78x150 mm

Section 5
Installing the IED
4 Mounting holes 5.5 mm

5 Tab for securing of antenna cable
6 Vertical mounting position (on antenna mast etc.)
7 Horizontal mounting position
Mount the antenna and console clear of flat surfaces such as buildings walls, roofs
and windows to avoid signal reflections. If necessary, protect the antenna from
animals and birds which can affect signal strength. Also protect the antenna against
lightning.
Always position the antenna and its console so that a continuous clear line-of-sight
visibility to all directions is obtained, preferably more than 75%. A minimum of 50%
clear line-of-sight visibility is required for un-interrupted operation.
99001046.vsd
Figure 44: Antenna line-of-sight
5.8.1.2 Electrical installation
Use a 50 ohm coaxial cable with a male TNC connector on the antenna end and a
male SMA connector on the receiver end to connect the antenna to IED 670. Choose
cable type and length so that the total attenuation is max. 26 dB at 1.6 GHz. A suitable
antenna cable can be supplied with the antenna.
The antenna has a female TNC connector to the antenna cable. For location of GPS
module, refer to section "Rear side connectors". Connection diagram for GPS module
is shown in figure 24.

Section 5
Installing the IED
Make sure that the antenna cable is not charged when connected to
the antenna or to the receiver. Discharge the antenna cable by short-
circuiting the end of the antenna cable with some metal device and
then connect it to the antenna. When the antenna is connected to the
cable, connect the cable to the receiver. IED 670 must be switched
off when the antenna cable is connected.

70
Section 6
Checking the external optical and electrical connections
Section 6 Checking the external optical and

electrical connections
About this chapter

This chapter describes what to check to ensure correct connection to the external
circuitry, such as the auxiliary power supply, CT’s and VT’s. These checks must be
made with the protection IED de-energized.
6.1 Overview
The user must check the installation which includes verifying that the IED is
connected to the other parts of the protection system. This is done with the IED and
all connected circuits de-energized.
6.2 Checking the VT circuits
Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied connection diagram.
Do not continue before any errors are corrected.
Test the circuitry. The following tests are recommended:
• Polarity check.
• VT circuit voltage measurement (primary injection test).
• Earthing check.
• Phase relationship
• Insulation resistance check
The polarity check verifies the integrity of circuits and the phase relationships. The
check should be performed as close as possible to the IED.
The primary injection test verifies the VT ratio and the wiring all the way through
from the primary system to the IED. Injection must be performed for each phase-to-
neutral circuit and each phase-to-phase pair. In each case voltages in all phases and
neutral are measured.

Section 6
6.3 Check of CT circuits
The CTs must be connected in accordance with the circuit diagram provided with the
IED, both with regards to phases and polarity. The following tests shall be performed
on every primary CT connected to the IED 670:
• primary injection test to verify the current ratio of the CT, the correct wiring up
to the protection IED and correct phase sequence connection (i.e. L1. L2, L3)
• polarity check to prove that the predicted direction of secondary current flow is
correct for a given direction of primary current flow. This is an essential test for
the proper operation of the differential function.
• CT secondary loop resistance measurement in order to confirm that the current
transformer secondary loop dc resistance is within specification and that there
are no high resistance joints in the CT winding or wiring.
• CT excitation test in order to confirm that the current transformer is of the correct
accuracy rating and that there are no shorted turns in the current transformer
windings. Manufacturer's design curves should be available for the current
transformer in order to compare the actual results.
• check the earthing of the individual CT secondary circuits to verify that each
three-phase set of main CTs is properly connected to the station earth and only
at one electrical point.
• Insulation resistance check.
• Phase identification of CT shall be made.
Both primary and secondary sides must be disconnected from the line
and IED when plotting the excitation characteristics.
If the CT secondary circuit earht connection is removed without the

current transformer primary being de-energized, dangerous voltages
may result in the secondary CT circuits.
6.4 Checking the power supply
Check that the auxiliary supply voltage remains within the permissible input voltage
range under all operating conditions. Check that the polarity is correct.
6.5 Checking the binary I/O circuits

Section 6
6.5.1 Binary input circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector from the binary input cards. Check
all connected signals so that both input level and polarity are in accordance with the
IEDs specifications.
6.5.2 Binary output circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector from the binary output cards.
Check all connected signals so that both load and polarity are in accordance with IED
specifications.
6.6 Checking the optical connections
Check that the Tx and Rx optical connections are correct.

74
Section 7
Energizing the IED
Section 7 Energizing the IED
About this chapter

This chapter describes the start up sequence and what to check once the IED has been
energized.
7.1 Overview
Before the procedures in this chapter can be carried out the connection to external
circuitry must have been checked which ensures that the installation was made
correctly.
The user could also check the software version, the IEDs serial number and the
installed modules and their ordering number to ensure that the IED is according to
delivery and ordering specifications. The user must energize the power supply of the
IED to start it up. This could be done in number of ways, from energizing a whole
cubicle to energizing a single IED. The user should reconfigure the IED to activate
the hardware modules in order to enable the self supervision function to detect
possible hardware errors. Then the IED time must be set. The self supervision function
(Diagnostics in HMI) should also be checked to verify that the IED unit operates
properly.
7.2 Energizing the IED
When the IED is energized, the green LED instantly starts flashing. After
approximately 55 seconds the window lights up and the window displays ‘IED
Startup’. The main menu is displayed and the upper row should indicate ‘Ready’ after
about 90 seconds. A steady green light indicates a successful startup.
1 2 3
t (s)
0 55 90
xx04000310.vsd
Figure 45: Typical IED startup sequence
1 IED energized. Green Light Emitting Diode (LED) starts flashing

2 LCD lights up and "IED startup" is displayed

Section 7
Energizing the IED
3 The main menu is displayed. A steady green light indicates a successful startup.
If the upper row in the window indicates ‘Fail’ instead of ‘Ready’ and the green LED
flashes, an internal failure in the IED has been detected. See section 3.3 "Checking
the self supervision function" in this chapter to investigate the fault.
An example of the local HMI with a small LCD is shown in figure 46.
The different parts of the medium size LHMI is shown in figure 46The LHMI, exists
in an IEC version and in an ANSI version. The difference is on the keypad operation
buttons and the yellow LED designation.
1 2 3
en05000056.eps
8 7
Figure 46: Medium size graphic HMI
1 Status indication LEDs

2 LCD
3 Indication LEDs
4 Label

Section 7
Energizing the IED
5 Local/Remote LEDs
6 RJ45 port
7 Communication indication LED
8 Keypad
7.3 Checking the self supervision signals
7.3.1 Reconfiguring the IED

I/O modules configured as logical I/O modules (BIM, BOM or IOM) are supervised.
I/O modules that are not configured are not supervised.
Each logical I/O module has an error flag that indicates signal or module failure. The
error flag is also set when the physical I/O module of the correct type is not detected
in the connected slot.
7.3.2 Setting the IED time

This procedure describes how to set the IED time from the local HMI.
1. Display the set time dialog.

Navigate to:
Settings/Time/System time
Press the E button to enter the dialog.
2. Set the date and time.
Use the Left and Right arrow buttons to move between the time and date values
(year, month, day, hours, minutes and seconds). Use the Up and Down arrow
buttons to change the value.
3. Confirm the setting.
Press the E button to set the calendar and clock to the new values.
7.3.3 Checking the self supervision function
7.3.3.1 Determine the cause of an internal failure
This procedure describes how to navigate the menus in order to find the cause of an
internal failure when indicated by the flashing green LED on the HMI module.
Procedure

Section 7
Energizing the IED
1. Display the general diagnostics menu.

Navigate the menus to:
Diagnostics/IED status/General
2. Scroll the supervision values to identify the reason for the failure.
Use the arrow buttons to scroll between values.
7.3.4 Self supervision HMI data
Table 9: Signals from the General menu in the diagnostics tree.

Indicated result Possible reason Proposed action
InternFail OK No problem detected. None.
InternFail Fail A failure has occurred. Check the rest of the indicated results to find
the fault.
InternWarning OK No problem detected. None.
InternWarning Warning A warning has been Check the rest of the indicated results to find
issued. the fault.
NUM-modFail OK No problem detected. None.
NUM-modFail Fail The main processing Contact your ABB representative for service.
module has failed.
NUM-modWarning OK No problem detected. None.
NUM-modWarning There is a problem with: Set the clock.
Warning If the problem persists, contact your ABB
• the real time clock. representative for service.
• the time
synchronization.
ADC-module OK No problem detected. None.

ADC-module Fail The AD conversion Contact your ABB representative for service.
module has failed.
CANP 9 BIM1 Fail IO module has failed. Check that the IO module has been configured
and connected to the IOP1- block.
If the problem persists, contact your ABB
representative for service.
RealTimeClock OK No problem detected. None.
RealTimeClock Warning The real time clock has Set the clock.
been reset.
TimeSync OK No problem detected. None.
TimeSync Warning No time synchronization. Check the synchronization source for
problems.
If the problem persists, contact your ABB
representative for service.

Section 8
Set up PCM 600 communication link per IED
Section 8 Set up PCM 600 communication

link per IED
About this chapter

This chapter describes the communication between the IED and the PCM 600.
8.1 Set up PCM 600 communication link per IED
The communication between the IED and the PCM 600 is independent of the used
communication protocol within the substation or to the NCC. It can be seen as a
second channel for communication.
The communication media is always Ethernet and the used protocol is TCP/IP.
Each IED 670 product has an Ethernet front connector for PCM 600 access.
Depending very much on the station concept and the used station protocol additional
Ethernet interfaces may be available on the rear side of the IED 670. All Ethernet
interfaces can be used to connect PCM 600.
When an Ethernet based station protocol is used the PCM 600 communication can
use the same Ethernet port and IP address. The IED 670 is able to separate the
information belonging to the PCM 600 dialog.
For the connection of the PCM 600 to the IED two basic variants have to be
considered.
• direct point to point link between PCM 600 and the IED 670
• indirect link via a station LAN or from remote via a network
The communication procedures are in both cases the same.
The physical connection and the IP-addresses must be configured in both cases before
a dialog can start. The steps to do this are:
• Set up or get the IP-addresses of the IED 670s

• Set up the PC or workstation for a direct link or
• in this case get a special null-modem cable (Rx, Tx cross-wired) for the
direct link between PCM 600 and IED 670
• Connect the PC or workstation to the network
• Configure the IED 670 IP-addresses in the PCM 600 project for each IED these
are used by the OPC interface of PCM 600 for communication

Section 8
IP addresses of IED 670 products

The IP address and the corresponding mask can be set only via the local HMI for each
available Ethernet interface in the IED 670. Each Ethernet interface has a default
address ex factory when the complete IED 670 is delivered. This is not given when
an additional Ethernet interface is installed or an interface is replaced.
The rules etc. for the configured IP addresses are part of the project.
Point to point link

A special cable is requested to connect two physical Ethernet interfaces together
without a HUB, router, bridge, switch etc. between. The Tx and Rx signal wires must
be crossed in the cable to connect Tx with Rx on the other side and vice versa. These
cables are known as null-modem cable or cross-wired cable. The minimum length
should be about 2 m. The connector type is RJ45.
IED670
RJ45
PCM600
Tx Tx
Rx Rx
en05000810.vsd
Figure 47: Point to point link between IED 670 and PCM 600 using a null-modem
cable
Set up a PC for a direct link

The following description is an example valid for standard PCs using Microsoft
Windows operating system . The example is taken from a Laptop with one Ethernet
interface.
The procedure is as follows:
1. select the Local Area Connection

2. select Properties in the shown status window
3. select the TCP/IP protocol from the list of configured components using this
connection and open Properties
4. choose Use the following IP address and type in an IP address and Subnet mask
which you can define. Make sure that you are outside the range of addresses used
by the IED 670s.
5. close all open windows and start PCM 600
Remark
Administrator rights are requested to change the configuration as described above.

Section 8
en05000812.vsd
Figure 48: Step 1: select the Local Area Connection
en05000813.vsd
Figure 49: Step 2: select Properties in the status window

Section 8
en05000814.vsd
Figure 50: Step 3: select the TCP/IP protocol and open Properties
en05000815.vsd
Figure 51: Step 4: specify a TCP/IP address and Subnet mask for the PC

Section 8
Set up the PC to access the IED 670 via a network

This task is very much dependent on the used LAN/WAN network. A description of
how this is done is beyond the scope of this manual..
Enter IED 670 IP-address in the project

There are two ways of entering the given IP-address of an IED 670 in a project which
is used by PCM 600 to communicate with the IED 670.
1. via the first window of the wizard by including a new IED 670 in a project
2. by entering the IP-address of the IED 670 in the Object Properties window
• select the IED to enter the IP-address
• open the Object Properties window
• place the cursor in the IP Address row and enter the IP-address.
en05000643.vsd
Figure 52: Possibility 1: IP-address via first Wizard window

Section 8
en05000811.vsd
Figure 53: Possibility 2: IP-address via IED Object Properties window
The used alternative depends very much on the time at which the IP-address is
available. Alternative 2 allows a change of the IP-address at any time.

Section 9
Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC- communication
Section 9 Establishing connection and

verifying the SPA/IEC-
communication
About this chapter

This chapter contains instructions on how to establish connection and verify that the
SPA/IEC-communication operates as intended, when the IED is connected to a
monitoring or control system via the rear SPA/IEC port.
9.1 Entering settings
If the IED is connected to a monitoring or control system via the rear SPA/IEC port,
the SPA/IEC port has to be set either for SPA or IEC use.
9.1.1 Entering SPA settings

The SPA/IEC port is located at IED X310 on the rear side of the IED. Two types of
interfaces can be used:
• for plastic fibres with connector type HFBR

• for glass fibres with connectors type ST
When using the SPA protocol, the rear SPA/IEC port must be set for SPA use.
Procedure
1. Set the operation of the rear optical SPA/IEC port to “SPA”.

The operation of the rear SPA port can be found on the local HMI or in the PCM
at:
Settings/General settings/Communication/SLM configuration/Rear
optical SPA/IEC port/Protocol selection SPA or IEC 103
When the setting is entered the IED will automatically restart. After the restart
the SPA/IEC port operates as a SPA port.
2. Set the slave number and baud rate for the rear SPA port
The slave number and baud rate can be found on the local HMI at:
optical SPA/IEC port/SPA

Section 9
Set the same slave number and baud rate as set in the SMS system for the IED.
9.1.2 Entering IEC settings

When using the IEC protocol, the rear SPA/IEC port must be set for IEC use.
The SPA/IEC port is located at IED X310 on the rear side of the IED.
Two types of interfaces can be used:
• for plastic fibres with connector type HFBR

• for glass fibres with connectors type ST
Procedure
1. Set the operation of the rear SPA/IEC port to “IEC”.

The operation of the rear SPA/IEC port can be found on the local HMI at:
optical SPA/IEC port/Protocol selection SPA or IEC 103
When the setting is entered the IED will automatically restart. After the restart
the selected IEC port operates as an IEC port.
2. Set the slave number and baud rate for the rear IEC port
The slave number and baud rate can be found on the local HMI at:
optical SPA/IEC port/IEC60870–5–103
Set the same slave number and baud rate as set in the IEC master system for the
IED.
9.2 Verifying the communication
To verify that the rear communication with the SMS/SCS system is working, there
are some different methods. Choose one of the following.
9.2.1 Verifying SPA communication

Procedure
1. Use a SPA-emulator and send “RF” to the IED. The answer from the IED should
be “IED 670 ”.
2. Generate one binary event by activating a function which is configured to an
event block where the used input is set to generate events on SPA. The

Section 9
configuration must be made with the PCM 600 software. Verify that the event
is presented in the SMS/SCS system.
During the following tests of the different functions in the IED, verify that the events
and indications in the SMS/SCS system are as expected.
9.2.2 Verifying IEC communication

To verify that the IEC communication with the IEC master system is working, there
are some different methods. Choose one of the following.
Procedure
1. Check that the master system time-out for response from the IED, for example
after a setting change, is > 40 seconds.
2. Use a protocol analyzer and record the communication between the IED and the
IEC master. Check in the protocol analyzer’s log that the IED answers the master
messages.
3. Generate one binary event by activating a function which is configured to an
event block where the used input is set to generate events on IEC. The
configuration must be made with the PCM 600 software. Verify that the event
is presented in the IEC master system.
During the following tests of the different functions in the IED, verify that the events
and indications in the IEC master system are as expected.
9.3 Fibre optic loop
The SPA communication is mainly used for SMS. It can include different numerical
relays/terminals with remote communication possibilities. The fibre optic loop can
contain < 20-30 terminals depending on requirements on response time. Connection
to a personal computer (PC) can be made directly (if the PC is located in the
substation) or by telephone modem through a telephone network with ITU (CCITT)
characteristics.
Table 10: Max distances between terminals/nodes
glass < 1000 m according to optical budget

plastic < 25 m (inside cubicle) according to optical budget
Figure 54: Example of SPA communication structure for a station monitoring

system
Where:

Section 9
1 A separate minute pulse synchronization from station clock to obtain ± 1 ms accuracy for time
tagging within the substation might be required.
9.4 Optical budget calculation for serial

communication with SPA/IEC
Table 11: Example
Distance 1 km Distance 25 m
Glass Plastic
Maximum attenuation for IED 670 - 11 dB - 7 dB
4 dB/km multi mode: 820 nm - 62.5/125 um 4 dB -
0.16 dB/m plastic: 620 nm - 1mm - 4 dB
Margins for installation, aging etc. 5 dB 1 dB
Losses in connection box, two contacts (0.5 dB/contact) 1 dB -
Losses in connection box, two contacts (1 dB/contact) - 2 dB
Margin for 2 repair splices (0.5 dB/splice) 1 dB -
Maximum total attenuation 11 dB 7 dB

Section 10
Establishing connection and verifying the LON communication
Section 10 Establishing connection and

verifying the LON communication
About this chapter

This chapter explains how to set up LON communication and how to verify that LON
communication is up and running.
10.1 Communication via the rear ports
10.1.1 LON communication

LON communication is normally used in substation automation systems. Optical fiber
is used within the substation as the physical communication link.
The test can only be carried out when the whole communication system is installed.
Thus, the test is a system test and is not dealt with here.
The communication protocol LON (Local Optical Network) is available for IED 670
products as an option.

Section 10
Station HSI Control Center

MicroSCADA
Gateway
Star coupler
RER 111
IED670 IED670 IED670
en05000663.vsd
Figure 55: Example of LON communication structure for a substation

automation system.
An optical network can be used within the Substation Automation system. This
enables communication with the IED 670s through the LON bus from the operator’s
workplace, from the control center and also from other IEDs via bay-to-bay horizontal
communication.
The fiber optic LON bus is implemented using either glass core or plastic core fiber
optic cables.
Table 12: Specification of the fiber optic connectors

Glass fiber Plastic fiber
Cable connector ST-connector snap-in connector
Cable diameter 62.5/125 m 1 mm
Max. cable length 1000 m 10 m
Wavelength 820-900 nm 660 nm
Transmitted power -13 dBm (HFBR-1414) -13 dBm (HFBR-1521)
Receiver sensitivity -24 dBm (HFBR-2412) -20 dBm (HFBR-2521)
10.2.1 The LON Protocol

The LON protocol is specified in the LonTalkProtocol Specification Version 3 from
Echelon Corporation. This protocol is designed for communication in control
networks and is a peer-to-peer protocol where all the devices connected to the network
can communicate with each other directly. For more information of the bay-to-bay
communication, refer to the section Multiple command function

Section 10
10.2.2 Hardware and software modules

The hardware needed for applying LON communication depends on the application,
but one very central unit needed is the LON Star Coupler and optical fibres connecting
the star coupler to the IEDs. To interface the IEDs from MicroSCADA, the application
library LIB 670 is required.
The HV Control 670 software module is included in the LIB 520 high-voltage process
package, which is a part of the Application Software Library within MicroSCADA
applications.
The HV Control 670 software module is used for control functions in IED 670s. This
module contains the process picture, dialogues and a tool to generate the process
database for the control application in MicroSCADA.
Use the LNT, LON Network Tool to set the LON communication. This is a software
tool applied as one node on the LON bus. In order to communicate via LON, the IEDs
need to know which node addresses the other connected IEDs have, and which
network variable selectors should be used. This is organized by the LNT.
The node address is transferred to the LNT via the local HMI by setting the parameter
ServicePinMsg=YES. The node address is sent to the LNT via the LON bus, or the
LNT can scan the network for new nodes.
The communication speed of the LON bus is set to the default of 1.25 Mbit/s.This
can be changed by the LNT.
The setting parameters for the LON communication are set via the local HMI. Refer
to the Technical reference manual for setting parameters specifications.
The path to LON settings in the local HMI is:
Settings/General settings/Communication/SLM configuration/Rear optical

LON port
If the LON communication from the terminal stops, caused by setting of illegal
communication parameters (outside the setting range) or by another disturbance, it is
possible to reset the LON port of the terminal.
By setting the parameter LONDefault=YES, the LON communication is reset in the

terminal, and the addressing procedure can start from the beginning again.
Path in local HMI:Settings\General settings\Communication\SLM configuration

\Rear optical LON port
These parameters can only be set with the LNT, LON Network Tool.

Section 10
Table 13: Setting parameters for the LON communication

Parameter Range Default Unit Parameter description
DomainID 0 0 - Domain identification number
SubnetID* 0 - 255 0 - Subnet identification number
Step: 1
NodeID* 0 - 127 0 - Node identification number
Step: 1
*Can be viewed in the Local HMI
Path in local HMI: Settings\General settings\Communication\SLM configuration

These parameters can only be set with the LNT, LON Network Tool.
Table 14: LON node information parameters

NeuronID* 0 - 12 Not loaded - Neuron hardware identification
number in hexadecimal code
Location 0-6 No value - Location of the node
*Can be viewed in the Local HMI

Table 15: Setting parameters for the session timers

SessionTmo 1-60 20 s Session timeout. Only to be changed
after recommendation from ABB.
RetryTmo 100-10000 2000 ms Retransmission timeout.Only to be
changed after recommendation from
ABB.
IdleAckCycle 1-30 5 s Keep active ack.Only to be changed
after recommendation from ABB.
BusyAckTmo 100-5000 300 ms Wait before sending ack.Only to be
ABB.
ErrNackCycle 100-10000 500 ms Cyclic sending of nack. Only to be
ABB.


Section 10
Table 16: LON commands

Command Command description
ServicePinMsg Command with confirmation. Transfers the node adress to the LON network tool.
10.2 Optical budget calculation for serial

communication with LON
Table 17: Example
Distance 1 km Distance10 m
Glass Plastic
Maximum attenuation for IED 670 -11 dB - 7 dB
4 dB/km multi mode: 820 nm - 62.5/125 um 4 dB -
0.3 dB/m plastic: 620 nm - 1mm - 3 dB
Margins for installation, aging etc. 5 dB 2 dB
Losses in connection box, two contacts (0.75 dB/contact) 1.5 dB -
Losses in connection box, two contacts (1dB/contact) - 2 dB
Margin for repair splices (0.5 dB/splice) 0.5 dB -
Maximum total attenuation 11 dB 7 dB

94
Section 11
Configuring the IED and changing settings
Section 11 Configuring the IED and changing

settings
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to change IED settings, either through a PC or the local
HMI, and download a configuration to the IED in order to make commissioning
possible.
The chapter does not contain instructions on how to create a configuration or calculate
settings. Please consult the application manual for further information about how to
calculate settings.
It takes a minimum of three minutes for the IED to save the new
settings, during this time the DC supply must not be turned off.
11.1 Overview
The customer specific values for each setting parameter and a configuration file have
to be available before the IED can be set and configured, if the IED is not delivered
with a configuration.
Use the PCM 600 configuration tool to verify that the IED has the expected
configuration. A new configuration is done with the CAP tool. The binary outputs
can be selected from a signal list where the signals are grouped under their function
names. It is also possible to specify a user-defined name for each input and output
signal.
Each function included in the IED has several setting parameters which have to be
set in order to make the IED behave as intended. A factory default value is provided
for each parameter. A setting file can be prepared using the parameter setting tool
(PST), which is available in the PCM 600 package.
All settings can be:

Section 11
• Entered manually through the local HMI.

• Downloaded from a PC, either locally or remotely using SMS/SCS. Front or rear
port communication has to be established before the settings can be downloaded.
11.2 Entering settings through the local HMI
Each of the included functions in the IED has to be set and this can be performed
through the local HMI. The user must browse to the desired function and enter the
appropriate value. The parameters for each function can be found in the local HMI.
The Operators Manual (OM) is structured in a similar way to the LHMI and provides
a detailed guide to the use of the local HMI including paths in the menu structure and
brief explanations of most settings and measurements. See the Technical reference
manual for a complete list of setting parameters for each function. Some of the
included functions may not be used. In this case the user can set the parameter
“Operation” to “Off” to disable the function.
11.3 Analog input data
In order to get correct measurement results as well as correct protection functionality,

the analog input channels must be configured. Because all protection algorithms in
the IED utilize the primary system quantities it is extremely important to make sure
that connected current transformer settings are done properly. These data are
calculated by the system engineer and normally set by the commissioner from the
local HMI or from the SMS.
11.3.1 Configuration for analog CT inputs

The analog inputs on the Transformer Module (TRM) are dimensioned for either 1A
or 5A. Each TRM has a unique combination of current and voltage inputs. Make sure
the input current rating is correct and that it matches the order documentation.
The primary CT data are entered from the HMI menu branch:
Settings/General Settings/Analog modules/AnalogInputs

The following parameter shall be set for every current transformer connected to the
IED:
Table 18: CT configuration

Parameter description Parameter name Range Default
Rated CT primary current in A CT Prim Input from -10000 to +10000 0

Section 11
This parameter defines the primary rated current of the CT. For two set of CTs with
ratio 1000/1 and 1000/5 this parameter is set to the same value of 1000 for both CT
inputs. Negative values (i.e. -1000) can be used in order to reverse the direction of
the CT current by software for the differential function. This might be necessary if
two sets of CTs have different star point locations in relation to the protected busbar.
It is recommended that this parameter is set to zero, for all unused CT inputs.
For main CTs with 2A rated secondary current, it is recommended to connect the
secondary wiring to the 1A input and to set the rated primary current to one half times
its true value. For example, a CT with a primary secondary current ratio of 1000/2A
can be treated as a 500/1A CT.
Take the rated permissive overload values for the current inputs into
consideration.
11.4 Downloading settings and configuration from a

PC
11.4.1 Downloading the configuration and setting files

When downloading a configuration to the IED 670 with the CAP 531 configuration
tool, the IED is automatically set in configuration mode. When the IED is set in
configuration mode, all functions are blocked. The red LED on the IED flashes, and
the green LED is lit while the IED is in the configuration mode.
When the configuration is downloaded and completed, the IED is automatically set
into normal mode. For further instructions please refer to the users manuals for PCM
600.

98
Section 12
Verifying settings by secondary injection
Section 12 Verifying settings by secondary

injection
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to verify that protection functions operate correctly and
according to their settings. It is preferable that only the tested function is in operation.
12.1 Overview
IED test requirements:
• Calculated settings
• Application configuration diagram
• Signal matrix (SMT) configuration
• Terminal diagram
• Technical reference manual
• Three-phase test equipment
• PCM 600
The setting and configuration of the IED must be completed before the testing can
start.
The terminal diagram, available in the Technical reference manual, is a general

diagram of the IED. but note that the same diagram is not always applicable to each
specific delivery (especially for the configuration of all the binary inputs and outputs).
Therefore, before testing, check that the available terminal diagram corresponds to
the IED.
The Technical reference manual contains application and functionality summaries,

function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and
technical data sorted per function.
The test equipment should be able to provide a three-phase supply of voltages and
currents. The magnitude of voltage and current as well as the phase angle between
voltage and current must be variable. The voltages and currents from the test
equipment must be obtained from the same source and they must have minimal
harmonic content. If the test equipment cannot indicate the phase angle, a separate
phase-angle measuring instrument is necessary.
Prepare the IED for test before testing a particular function. Consider the logic
diagram of the tested protection function when performing the test. All included

Section 12
functions in the IED are tested according to the corresponding test instructions in this
chapter. The functions can be tested in any order according to user preferences and
the test instructions are therefore presented in alphabetical order. Only the functions
that are used (Operation is set to On) should be tested.
The response from a test can be viewed in different ways:
• Binary outputs signals

• Service values in the local HMI (logical signals or phasors)
• A PC with PCM 600 application configuration software in debug mode
All setting groups that are used should be tested.
This IED is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times

the rated current.
Please observe the measuring accuracy of the IED, the test equipment
and the angular accuracy for both of them.
Please consider the configured logic from the function block to the
output contacts when measuring the operate time.
12.2 Preparing for test
12.2.1 Overview
This section describes how to prepare the IED to verify settings.
If a test switch is included, start preparation by making the necessary connections to

the test switch. This means connecting the test equipment according to a specific and
designated IED terminal diagram. The IED can then be put into test mode in order to
facilitate the test of individual functions and prevent unwanted operation caused by
other functions. The test switch should then be connected to the IED. The user can
also verify the connection and that the analog input signals are measured and recorded
correctly by injecting currents and voltages required by the specific IED. To make
testing even more effective the Protection and Control IED Manager (PCM 600)
should be used. The primary tool at your disposal in the PCM 600 apart from the
Parameter Setting Tool (PST) is the Disturbance Handling Tool (DHT). The content
of reports generated by the DHT can be determined by the user which makes it more
efficient. For example, the tool may be configured to only show time tagged events
and to exclude analog information and so on. The disturbance report settings could

Section 12
be checked to ensure that indications are correct. Functions to test, signals and
parameter names can be found in the technical reference manual.
12.2.2 Preparing the connection to the test equipment

The IED can be equipped with a test switch of type RTXP 24. The test switch and its
associated test plug handle (RTXH 24) are a part of the COMBITEST system which
provide secure and convenient testing of the IED.
COMBIFLEX system is used, when the test-plug handle is inserted into the test
switch. Preparations for testing are automatically carried out in the proper sequence
(i.e. blocking of tripping circuits, short circuiting of CT’s, opening of voltage circuits,
making IED terminals available for secondary injection). Terminals 1 and 12 of the
test switch are not disconnected as they supply DC power to the protection IED.
The test-plug handle leads may be connected to any type of test equipment or
instrument. When a number of protection IEDs of the same type are tested, the test-
plug handle only needs to be moved from the test switch of one protection IED to the
test switch of the other, without altering previous connections.
Using COMBIFLEX test system to prevent unwanted tripping when the handle is
withdrawn, latches on the handle secure it in the half withdrawn position. In this
position, all voltages and currents are restored and any reenergizing transients are
given a chance to decay before the trip circuits are restored. When the latches are
released, the handle can be completely withdrawn from the test switch, restoring the
trip circuits to the protection IED.
If a test switch is not used it is necessary to take measures according to provided

circuit diagrams.
Never disconnect the secondary connection of a current transformer

circuit without short-circuiting the transformer's secondary winding.
cause a massive potential build up that may damage the transformer
and injure humans.
12.2.3 Putting the IED into test mode

The IED can be put into test mode before testing. This blocks all functions in the
function test modes folder and allows the user to unblock or release the functions
needed for the test in question. In this way, it is possible to test slower back-up
measuring functions without the interference of faster measuring functions. Test
mode is indicated when the yellow LED flashes.
Procedure
1. Browse to the ‘TestMode’ menu and press ‘E’.

Section 12
The Test Mode menu is found under the Test folder in the LHMI:
Test/IED test mode/TestMode
2. Use the up and down arrows to choose ‘On’ and press ‘E’.
3. Press the left arrow to exit the menu.
The dialog box ‘Save changes’ appears.
4. Choose ‘Yes’, press E and exit the menu.
The yellow start LED above the LCD will start flashing when the IED is in test
mode.
12.2.4 Connecting test equipment to the IED

Before testing, connect the test equipment according to the IED specific connection
diagram. Pay special attention to the correct connection of the input and output current
terminals, and to the connection of the residual current conductor. Check that the
input and output logical signals in the logic diagram for the function under test are
connected to the corresponding binary inputs and outputs of the IED under test.
IL1 IL1
IL2 IL2
IL3 IL3
NI IN (I4,I5)
IED TEST SET
UL1 UL1 REx 670

UL2 UL2
UL3 UL3
UN UN
UN (U4,U5)
TRIP L1
TRIP L2
TRIP L3
IEC61850
en05000467.vsd
Figure 56: Connection example of the test set to the IED 670
12.2.5 Verifying the connections and the analog inputs

The user must verify that the connections are correct and that the analog signals are
measured correctly.
Apply input signals as needed according to the actual hardware and

the logic configuration made in PCM 600.

Section 12
Procedure
1. Inject a symmetrical three-phase current and voltage at rated value.

2. Inject a phase-to-phase voltage and through going phase-to-phase current at
rated value.
3. Compare the injected value with the measured value.
The voltage phasor and current phasor menus are located under the
Measurements folder in the LHMI:
Measurements/Analog primary values
and
Measurements/Analog secondary values
Take into consideration ratio factor settings for CT’s and VT’s.
4. Compare the frequency reading with the set frequency and the direction of the
power with the injected power.
The frequency and active power are located in the local HMI under:
Measurements/Monitoring/ServiceValues/SVR
5. Inject an unsymmetrical three-phase current and voltage at rated value in two
phases.
6. Compare the injected value with the measured value.
The current phasor menu is located in the local-HMI under:
Measurements/Monitoring/CurrentPhasors/CP
The voltage phasor menu is located in the local HMI under:
Measurements/Monitoring/VoltagePhasors/VP
12.2.6 Releasing the function(s) to be tested

The user can release/unblock the function(s) to be tested. This is done to ensure that
only the function(s) under test are in operation and that other functions are prevented
from operating. The user can release the tested function(s) by setting the
corresponding blocked parameter under Function test modes to NO in the local HMI.
When testing a function in this blocking feature, remember that not only the actual
function must be activated, but the whole sequence of interconnected functions (from
measuring inputs to binary output contacts), including logic and so on. Before starting
a new test mode session the user should scroll through every function to ensure that
only the function to be tested (and the interconnected ones) are set to NO. A function
is also blocked if the BLOCK input signal on the corresponding function block is
active, which depends on the configuration. The user should therefore ensure that the
logical status of the BLOCK input signal is equal to 0 for the function to be tested.
The user could also individually block event blocks to ensure that no events are
reported to a remote station during the test.
The function is blocked if the corresponding setting under the

Function test modes menu remains on and the TEST-INPUT signal
remains active. All functions that were blocked or released from a
previous test mode session are reset when a new test mode session is
started.

Section 12
Procedure
1. Browse to the ‘Function test modes’ menu.

The Function test modes menu is located in the local HMI under:
Test/Function test modes
2. Browse to the function instance that should be released.
Use the left and right arrow buttons. Press ‘E’ when the desired function has
been found.
3. Select ‘Yes’. Press 'E' and the new setting is valid.
12.2.7 Disturbance report
12.2.7.1 Introduction
The following functions are included in the disturbance report function:
• Disturbance recorder
• Event list
• Event recorder
• Fault locator (not included in all products)
• Trip value recorder
• Indications
If the disturbance report is running, then its sub-function are also running and so it is
not possible to only switch these functions off. The disturbance report function is
switched off from PCM 600 or from the local HMI.
12.2.7.2 Disturbance report settings
When the IED is in test mode, the disturbance report can be made active or inactive.
If the disturbance recorder is turned on during test mode, recordings will be made.
When test mode is switched off all recordings made during the test session are cleared.
Settings for the control of the disturbance recorder during test mode are located in
the local HMI under:
Settings/General settings/Monitoring/Disturbance report/

DisturbanceReport(RDRE)
12.2.7.3 Disturbance recorder (DR)
Evaluation of the results from the disturbance recording function requires access to
a PC either permanently connected to the IED or temporarily connected to the
Ethernet port (RJ 45) on the front. The PCM 600 software package must be installed
in the PC.

Section 12
Disturbance upload can be performed by the use of PCM 600 or by any third party
tool with IEC 61850 protocol. Reports can automatically be generated from the PCM
600 tool. Disturbance files can be analyzed by any tool reading Comtrade formatted
disturbance files.
It could be useful to have a printer for hard copies. The behavior of the disturbance
recording function can be checked when IED protective functions are tested. When
the IED is set to operate in test mode, there is a separate setting for operation of the
disturbance report, which also affects the disturbance recorder.
A manual trig can be started at any time. This results in a recording of the actual
values from all recorded channels.
12.2.7.4 Event recorder (ER)
Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section "Overview" and
section "Preparing for test" in this chapter.
The result from the event recorder can be viewed on the local HMI or, after upload,
in PCM 600.
When testing binary inputs, the event list (EL) might be used instead. No uploading
or analyzing of registrations is then needed since the event list keeps running,
independent of start of disturbance registration.
12.2.8 Identifying the function to test in the technical reference

manual
The user can use the technical reference manual (TRM) to identify function blocks,
logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data.
12.2.9 Exit test mode

The following procedure is used to return to normal operation.
Procedure
1. Navigate to the test mode folder.

2. Change the 'On' setting to 'Off'. Press the 'E' key and the left arrow key.
3. Answer 'YES', press the 'E' key and exit the menus.

Section 12
12.3 Basic IED functions
12.3.1 Parameter setting groups (ACGR)

12.3.1.1 Verifying the settings
Procedure
1. Check the configuration of binary inputs that control the selection of the active
setting group.
2. Browse the ‘ActiveGroup’ menu to achieve information about the active setting
group.
The ActiveGroup menu is located in the local HMI under:
Test/Function status/Setting groups
3. Connect the appropriate dc voltage to the corresponding binary input of the IED
and observe the information presented on the HMI display.
The displayed information must always correspond to the activated input.
4. Check that the corresponding output indicates the active group.
Operating procedures for the PC aided methods of changing the active setting
groups are described in the corresponding PCM documents and instructions for
the operators within the SCS are included in the SCS documentation.
12.3.1.2 Completing the test
Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the test mode setting to
off. Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed
for testing purposes.
12.4 Differential protection
12.4.1 High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

Procedure

Section 12
1. Connect single phase or three phase test set to inject the operating voltage. The
injection shall be on the primary side of the stabilizing resistor.
Note! As the operating voltage is adjusted on the stabilizing resistor and with
the setting of the resistor value in the function this is essential for the
measurement of the expected value. Normally a slightly higher operating value
is no problem as the sensitivity is not influenced much.
2. Connect the trip contact to the test set to stop the test set for measurement of
trip times below.
3. Increase the voltage and make note of the operate value UR. This is done with
manual test and without trip of the test set.
4. Reduce the voltage slowly and make note of the reset value. The reset value
must be high for this function.
5. Check the operating time by injecting a voltage corresponding to 1,2 UR> level
Make note of the measured trip time.
6. If required, verify the trip time at another voltage. Normally 2*UR is selected.
7. If used measure the alarm level operating value. Increase the voltage and make
note of the operate value U>Alarm. This is done with manual test and without
trip of the test set.
8. Measure the operating time on the alarm output by connecting the stop of the
test set to an output from tAlarm. Inject a voltage 1,2*U>Alarm and measure
the alarm time.
9. Check that trip and alarm outputs operates according to the configuration logic.
10. Finally check that start and alarm information is stored in the Event menu and
if a serial connection to the SA is available verify that the correct and only the
required signals are presented on the local station HMI and on the SCADA
system.
Information on how to use the event menu is found in the IED 670 operator's manual.
12.5 Impedance protection
12.5.1 Distance protection zones (PDIS, 21)

section "Preparing for test" in this chapter. Consider releasing of the zone to be tested
by setting the phase selector PHS to On. The programming of the Autoreclosure (AR)
will determine if three phase or single phase trip will initiated as result of the test.

Section 12
Keep the current constant when measuring operating characteristics. Keep the current
as close as possible to its rated value or lower. But make sure it is higher than 30%
of the rated current.
Ensure that the maximum continuous current in an IED does not exceed four times
its rated value, if the measurement of the operating characteristics runs under constant
voltage conditions.
To verify the mho characteristic at least two points should be tested. In the following
we have proposed three test points. Since the Mho characteristic always goes through
the origin, which automatically gives a fourth point for the characteristic.
12.5.1.1 Phase-to-phase faults
jX p1
ZPP1
?R
p3 p2
ZPP3 ZPP2
ZAngPP R Ohm/phase
en07000009.vsd
Figure 57: Proposed test points for phase-to-phase fault.

Label Description
ZPP1 The measured impedance for phase-to-phase fault at point 1 (zone reach ZPP) ohm/
phase.
ZAngPP The characteristic angel for phase-to-phase fault in degrees.
ZPP2 and ZPP3 The fault impedance for phase-to-phase fault at the boundary for the zone reach at
point 2 and 3.
Table 19: Test points for phase-to-earth

Test R X
points
1 ZPP*cos(ZAngPP) ZPP*sin(ZAngPP)
2 ZPP/2+ΔR=ZPP/2*(1+cos(ZAngPP)) ZPP/2*sin(ZAngPP)
3 ZPP/-ΔR=ZPP/2*(1-cos(ZAngPP)) ZPP/2*sin(ZAngPP)

Section 12
For each test point, observe that the output signals, START, STLx and STPP are
activated where x refer to the actual phase to be tested . After the timer tPP for the
actual zone has elapsed, also the signals TRIP, TRPP and TRx shall be activated.
12.5.1.2 Phase-to-earth faults
For simplicity, we propose the same test points as for phase-to-phase faults but
considering new impedance values.
jX p1
ZPE1
?R
p3 p2
ZPE3 ZPE2
ZAngPE R Ohm/phase
en07000010.vsd
Figure 58: Proposed test points for phase-to-earth faults.

Label Description
ZPE1 The measured impedance for phase-to-earth fault at point 1 (zone reach ZPE) ohm/
phase.
ZAngPE The characteristic angel for phase-to-earth fault in degrees.
ZPE2 and ZPE3 The fault impedance for phase-to-earth fault at the boundary for the zone reach at
point 2 and 3.
Table 20: Test points for phase-to-phase loops L1-L2 (Ohm/Loop)

Test points Set Comments
1 ZPE*cos(ZAngPE) ZPE*sin(ZAngPP)
2 ZPE/2+ΔR=(ZPP/2)*(1-cos(ZAngPE)) ZPE/2*sin(ZAngPE)
3 ZPP/2-ΔR=ZPP/2*(1-cos(ZAngPE)) ZPE/2*sin(ZAngPE)
Check also in the same way as for phase-to-earth fault for each test point that the
output signals, START, STLx and STPE are activated where x refer to the actual
phase to be tested . After the timer tPE for the zone has elapsed, also the signals TRIP,
TRPE and TRx shall be activated.

Section 12
12.5.2 Phase selection with load enchroachment (PDIS, 21)

Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section "Preparing for
test" in this chapter.
The phase selectors operate on the same measuring principles as the impedance
measuring zones. So it is necessary to follow the same principles as for distance
protection, when performing the secondary injection tests.
Measure operating characteristics during constant current conditions. Keep the

measured current as close as possible to its rated value or lower. But ensure that it is
higher than 30% of the rated current.
Ensure that the maximum continuous current of a terminal does not exceed four times
its rated value, if the measurement of the operating characteristics runs under constant
voltage conditions.
To verify the settings the operating points according to figures 59, 60, and 61 should
be tested. See also table 61 for information.
Default values:
Earthfault loop ArgNegRes=115
ArgDir=15
ArgLd=30
X (Ohm/phase)
1 2
10 85%
3
ArgLd
2
× ( X 1 + XN ) 4
3
11 5
20%
9
ArgNegDir 60 deg
6
12 R (Ohm/phase)
8 ArgDir
20% of RLdFw 7
80% of RLdFw
en05000496.vsd
RFFwPE
Figure 59: Operate characteristic for phase selection element, forward direction
single phase faults.

Section 12
X (Ω/ phase)
1 2
85% 3
10
ArgLd
60°
X1
4
ArgNegRes
5 20%
9 11
6 12
8 ArgDir R (Ω/ phase)

7
0.2• RLdFw
0.8•RLdFw
en05000497.vsd
0.5•RFFwPP
Figure 60: Phase selection characteristic for phase to phase faults.
X
(Ohm/phase)
2
1 3
30
90 deg
X1
10 30
2 4
× X1 5
ArgLd
3 ArgNegRes
9
6
8 ArgDir
7
0.2•RLdFw 11
0.8•RLdFw
0.5•RFFwPE
en05000498.vsd
Figure 61: Phase selection characteristic for three phase faults.

Section 12
Table 21: Test points for phase-earth loop L3-E (Ohm/loop)

Test point Value Comments
1
2
X= × [ X 1 + XN ]
3
R=0
2
2
X= × [ X 1 + XN ]
3
R=RIPE
3
2 X » 0.981 × [ X 1 + XN ]
X = 0.85 × × [ X 1 + XN ]
3
R » 0.567 × ( X 1L + XNL) + RFFwPE
2 1
R = 0.85 × × éë X 1 + XN ] × + RFFwPE )
3 tan(60°)
4
3
X= × RFFwPE
2
3
R= × 3 × RFFwPE
2
5
X = RLdFw × tan( ArgLd ) X » 1.732 × RFFwPE
R=RLdFw
6 X=0
R=RLdFw
7 X=-0.386·RLdFwRLdFwd
X = - 0.8 × RLdFw × tan( ArgLd )
R=0.8·RLdFw
8
X = 0.2 × RLdFw × tan( ArgLd ) X » 0.346 × RLdFw
R = 0.2 × RLdFw
9
2 X » 0.231 × [ X 1set + XN ]
X = 0.2 × × [ X 1 + XN ]
3
R » 0.108 × [ X 1 + XN ]
2
R = 0.2 × × [ X 1 + XN ] × tan( AngNegDir - 90°)
3

Section 12

10
2 X » 0.981 × [ X 1 + XN ]
X = 0.85 × × [ X 1 + XN ]
3
R » 0.458 × [ X 1 + XN ]
2
R = 0.85 × × [ X 1 + XN ] × tan( ArgNegDir - 90)
3
11
2 X » 0.231 × [ X 1 + XN ]
X = 0.2 × × [ X 1 + XN ]
3
R » 0.133 × [ X 1 + XN ]
2
R = 0.2 × [ X 1 + XN ]
3 × tan(60°)
12 X=0 Note! This test points is proposed to be used instead of
R=RFFwPE point 4, 5 and 6 when shaped load characteristic is not
activated (OperationLdCmd=OFF)
The table showing test points for phase to earth loops is used together with figure
59.
Table 22: Test points for phase-phase loops L1–L2

1 X=X1
R=0
2 X=X1
R=RIPP
3 X=0.85·X1set
0.85 × X 1 RFFwPP
R= +
3 2
4
X =
3
× RFFwPP X » 0.433 × RFFwPP
4
3
R= × RFFwPP
4
5
X = RLdFw × tan( ArgLd )
X » 0.577 × RLdFw
R=RLdFwRLdFwd
6 X=0
R=RLdFw
7 X=0.8·RLdFw·tan(ArgDir)
R=0.8·RLdFw X » -0.214 × RLdFw
8 X=0.2·RLdFw·tan(ArgDir)
R=0.2·RLdFw X » -0.054 × RLdFw

Section 12

9 X=0.2·X1
R » 0.432 × X 1
0.2 × X 1
R=
tan( ArgNegDir - 90)
10 X=0.85·X1set
0.8 × X 1
R » 1,727 × X 1
R=
tan( ArgNegDir - 90)
11 X=0.2·X1
0.2 × X 1
R » 0.346 × X 1set
R=
tan(60°)
12 X=0 Note! This test points is proposed to be used instead of

R=0.5·RFFwPP point 4, 5 and 6 when shaped load characteristic is not
The table showing test points for phase to phase loops is used together with figure
60.
Table 23: Test points for three-phase faults

1
X =
4
× X1 X » 1.33 × X 1set
3
2
é4
X = 0.85 × ê X 1 +
1
× RFFwPP ] X » 1.067 × X 1 + 0.231 × RFFwPP
ë3 2× 3
é 3 ×2 1 ù
R = 0.8 × ê × X1+ × RFFwPP ú
ë 3 4 û
3
X =
4
× X1 X » 0.75 × X 1set
3
R = 0.5 × RFFwPP
4
X=
1
× RFFwPP X » 0.289 × RFFwPP
2× 3
R = 0.5 × RFFwPP
5
X =
3
× RLdFw X » 0.577 × RLdFw
3
R=RLdFw
6 X=0
R=RLdFw
7
X = -0.8 × (2 - 3) × RLdFw X » -0.214 × RLdFw
R=0.8·RLdFw

Section 12

8
X = -0.2 × (2 - 3) × RLdFw
X » -0.054 × RLdFw
R=0.8·RLdFw
9 X=0.2·X1
R » 0.093 × X 1set
R = 0.2 × X 1 × tan( ArgNegDir - 90)
10 X=0.8·X1
R = 0.2 × X 1 × tan( ArgNegDir - 90)
R » 0.373 × X 1
11 X=-0.5·RFFwPP·tan(AngDir) Note! This test points is proposed to be used instead of
R=0.5·RFFwPP point 4, 5, 6 and 7 when shaped load characteristic is not
The table showing test points for three phase loops is used together with figure 61.
12.5.2.1 Measuring the operate limit of set values
Procedure
1. Supply the terminal with healthy conditions for at least two seconds.
2. Apply the fault condition and slowly decrease the measured impedance to find
the operate value for of the phase to earth loop L3, test point P1, according to
figure 21. Compare the result of the measurement with the expected value
according to table 21.
The corresponding binary signals that inform about the operation of the phase-
selection measuring elements are available in the local HMI under the menu:
Test/Function status/Distance protection/Phase selection (PDIS, 21)
3. Repeat steps ""to ""to find the operate values for the remaining test points
according to figures 59, 60 and 61and to table 21.
Note, that if the shaped load encroachment characteristic is not activated
OperationLdCh=Off then the test points 4, 5, 6 and 7 can be replaced by number
12.
4. Repeat steps 6 to 21 to find the operate value for the phase to phase fault in L1
— L2 according to figure 21 and compare with table 22.
Note, that if the shaped load encroachment characteristic is not activated
OperationLdCh=Off then the test points 4, 5 and 6 can be replaced by number
12.
5. Repeat steps 6 to 21 to find the operate value of a three phase fault according
to figure 21 and compare the result with table21.

Section 12
12.5.3 Power swing detection (RPSB, 78)
The aim of this instruction is to verify that the settings of the PSD function is according
to the setting table and to verify that the PSD function operates as expected.
Before starting this process, all impedance measuring zones shall be set and in
operation. To verify the setting of PSD we propose conventional impedance test of
the outer resistive boarder in forward and reverse direction, RLdOutFw and
RLdOutRv and the inner reactive boarder in forward and reverse direction X1InFw
and X1OutRv. See figure 62 below.
The corresponding resistive boarder for the inner resistive boundary and outer
reactive boundary is calculated automatically from the setting of KLdRFw and
KLdRRv.
The inner zone of the PSD must cover all zones to be blocked by the PSD by at least
10% margin.
The test is mainly divided into two parts, one which aim is to verify that the settings
are in accordance to the selective plane and a second part to verify the operation of
the PSD function. The proposed test points for validation of the settings are numbered
according to figure 62
Test of the interactions or combinations that are not configured are not considered in
this instruction.

Section 12
X1OutF X ZL
X1InFw
w
RLdOutRv j j
2
1 R
RLdInRv RLdOutFw
RLdInFw
X1InRv
4
X1OutRv
en07000116.vsd
Figure 62: Operating principle and characteristic of the PSD function

Where:
RLdInFw=RLdOutFw ·KLdRFw
RLdInRv=RLdOutRv ·KLdRRv
X1OutFw=X1InFw+(RLdOutFw-RLdInFw)
X1OutRv=X1InRv+(RLdOutFw-RLdInFw)
Preconditions
The following output signal shall be configured to binary output available: ZOUT
Procedure

Section 12
1. Keep the measured current as close as possible to its rated value or lower. Keep
it constant during the test, but ensure that it is higher than 30% of the rated
current.
2. Ensure that the maximum continuous current of a terminal does not exceed four
times its rated value, if the measurement of the operating characteristics runs
under constant voltage conditions.
3. Make the necessary connections and settings of the test equipment for test of
point 1 according to figure 62
4. Decrease the measured impedance slowly and observe the operation value for
the signal ZOUT.
5. Check the operation value with the setting table.
6. Do the necessary change of the setting of the test equipment and repeat
paragraph 4 and 5 for point 2, 3 and 4 according to figure 62
12.5.3.2 Testing the PSD function
Preconditions
The following output signal shall be configured to a binary output: ZOUT, ZIN and
START
Procedure
1. Slowly decrease the measured impedance in all three phases until the START
signal from PSD function gets activated.
2. Increase the measured voltages to their rated values.
3. Decrease instantaneously voltages in all three phases to the values, which are
approximately 20% lower than the voltage that gives the set value R1IN at the
pre-defined test current.
4. The START signal must not appear.
5. Increase the measured voltages to their rated values.
12.5.3.3 Testing the tR1 timer
Preconditions
• The input I0CHECK is configured to the output STPE on the PHS function block
• The input BLKI02 is connected to FALSE
Procedure
1. Program the test equipment for a single line to earth fault and energize the PHS
function and check that the input BLOCK on the PSD function will be activated.
2. Make a test sequence so that a single line to earth fault occurs after that the
trajectory of the impedance has passed the outer and inner boundary of the PSD
function during power swing. Use the result from test of PSD function above to

Section 12
determine when the fault shall be applied. The earth fault must be activated
before tR1 has elapsed
3. Start the sequence and observe that the START signal will not be activated
12.5.3.4 Testing the block input, interaction between PHS and PSD
Precondition
The BLOCK input is configured and connected to STPE output on the PHS block.
Procedure
1. Make a test sequence so that a single line to earth fault occurs after that the
trajectory of the impedance has passed the outer boundary but not the inner
boundary of the PSD function. Use the result from test of PSD function above
to instance when the fault shall be applied.
2. Start the test sequence by continuously reduce the voltage and observe that the
output signal ZOUT may come but not START.
If the input I0CHECK is configured (connected to output signal STPE on the
PHS function block) the test of inhibit of the PSD function at earth fault during
power swing can be done in the same way as for test of tR1. The inhibit of the
PSD shall be instantaneous if the input TRSP is activated at the same time as
the input I0CHECK during power swing.
Continue to test another functions or end the test by changing the test mode setting
to off. Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were changed
12.5.4 Power swing logic (PSL)

Most readily available test equipment does not permit simulation of power-swing
conditions and the simultaneous occurrence of different faults with controlled fault
impedance. For this reason it is necessary to enable the logic by connecting the ZMR--
STPSD input signal to some other functional signal, which is used for testing
purposes.
Make sure that the existing configuration permits monitoring of the ZMR--CS,
ZMR--TRIP signals on the binary outputs of the IED. If not, configure connections
to unused binary outputs, for test purposes.

Section 12
12.5.4.1 Testing the carrier send and trip signals
Procedure
1. Set the operation of all distance zones, which are supposed to be blocked by the
operation of the PSD function, to Off.
2. Configure the ZMR--STPSD functional inputs to the TRIP output of the
underreaching power-swing zone, if the underreaching communication scheme
is used.
3. Start instantaneously any kind of fault within the underreaching power-swing
zone and check, that:
• The ZMR--CS signal appears after the time delay, which is equal to the
sum of set time delays for the underreaching zone tnPP or tnPE (dependent
on the type of fault) and for the carrier send security timer tCS. Also add
the usual operate time for the underreaching zone (approximately. 30ms).
• The ZMR--TRIP signal appears after the time delay, which is equal to the
sum of set time delays for the underreaching zone tnPP or tnPE (dependent
on the type of fault) and for the trip security timer tTrip. Also add the usual
operate time for the underreaching zone (approximately. 30ms).
4. Simulate the receiving of the carrier signal so that the functional input signal
ZMR--CR becomes a logical one.
5. Configure the ZMR--STPSD input to connect to the output START of the carrier
accelerating zone (Power-swing overreaching zone).
6. Initiate any kind of fault within the carrier accelerating zone and check that the
ZMR--TRIP signal appears after the time, which is equal to the time delay set
on the trip timer tTrip.
Also consider the (average) operate time of the carrier acceleration zone
(approximately 30ms).
12.5.4.2 Testing the influence of the residual overcurrent protection
Additionally connect the IED according to the test instructions for the four step
residual overcurrent protection if the ZMR is configured in a way, that is controlled
by this protection.
Procedure
1. Initiate a single-phase-to-earth fault within both power-swing zones.

Make sure that none of ZMR--CS and PSL--TRIP output signals appear after
the time delays tCS and tTrip.
The ZMR--BLKZMUR must appear together with the fault and must remain
active until the fault has been switched off plus the time delay, as set on the
tBlkTr timer.
2. Initiate a Ph-Ph fault within the operating area of both power-swing zones.

Section 12
Make sure that ZMR--CS and ZMR--TRIP output signals appear after the time
delays tCS.
3. Switch On the operation of the zone 1 distance protection function and fulfill
all the conditions for single-pole auto-reclosing.
4. Simulate a single-phase-to-earth fault within the reach of zone 1 and both power-
swing zones.
The fault should cause a single-pole tripping and should be switched off with
the normal operating time of zone 1.
5. Repeat the fault within the dead-time of single-pole auto-reclosing.
Make sure, that the ZMR function generates a ZMR--BLKZMUR signal and no
ZMR--CS and ZMR--TRIP.
12.5.4.3 Controlling of the underreaching zone
Procedure
1. Set the operation of all normal distance protection zones to On.

2. Simulate a fault without fault resistance in the middle of distance protection
zone 1.
Make sure that the trip appears within the operate time for the distance protection
zone 1 and no ZMR--BLKZMOR output signal appears.
3. Switch Off the fault and prepare a new fault without fault resistance within the
normal distance protection zone 2 operate area, but outside the zone 1 operate
area.
4. Switch On the fault and move it into the zone 1 operate area with a time delay
longer than the time set on the tDZ timer and faster than the time set on timer
tZL.
5. Observe the operate time, which must be equal to the operate time of zone 1,
after the measured impedance enters its operate area.
No delayed operation of zone 1 must be observed.
6. Configure the ZMR--STPSD functional input to connect to the ZMRPSB_78--
START functional output and repeat the previous fault.
Fast trip, caused by the operation of zone 1 must appear with a time delay, which
is equal to the set time delay on the timer tZL plus zone 1 normal operate time.
Also observe the ZMR--BLKZMOR functional output signal, which must
appear for a short time.
7. Be sure to establish the original configuration of the IED and the original settings
of all setting parameters.

Section 12
12.5.5 Pole slip protection (PSP)

Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section "Overview"
and section "Preparing for test" in this chapter.
It is assumed that setting of the function is done according to impedances as seen in

figure 63 and figure 64.
The test is done by means of injection of three phase current and three phase voltage
from a modern test device. This test device shall be able to give voltage and current
with the possibility to change voltage and current amplitude and the angle between
the injected voltage and current. The parameter setting shall be according to the real
application chosen values.
Procedure
1. Feed the IED with current and voltage corresponding to a normal operation point
Injected voltage U equal to base voltage (UBase) and the injected current I equal
to half the base current (IBase). The angle between the voltage and current shall
be 0°.
2. With maintained amplitude of the injected voltage the current amplitude and
angle is changed to a value ZC/2.
This is done with a speed so that the final impedance is reached after 1 s. As the
injected voltage is higher than 0.92 UBase no START signal should be activated.
3. With reduced amplitude of the injected voltage to 0.8 UBase the current
amplitude and angle is changed to a value ZC/2.
injected voltage is lower than 0.92 UBase the START signal should be activated.
amplitude and angle is changed via ZC/2 to a value corresponding to half IBase
and 180° between the injected current and voltage.
In addition to this the signal ZONE1 should be activated.
5. Set N1Limit to 1 and repeat point 4.
Now the signals TRIP1 and TRIP should be activated.
amplitude and angle is changed via ZC + (ZA – ZC)/2 to a value corresponding
to half IBase and 180° between the injected current and voltage.
In addition to this the signal ZONE2 should be activated.
7. Set N2Limit to 1 and repeat point 6.
Now the signals TRIP2 and TRIP should be activated.

Section 12
Zone 1 Zone 2
EB X’d XT EA
ZS
REG 670
B A
jX
ZA
Pole slip
impedance
movement
Zone 2
ZC
TripAngle Zone 1
WarnAngle
f
R
ZB
en07000099.vsd
Figure 63: Setting of the pole slip protection

Section 12
Imin > 0.10 IBase
Umax < 0.92 UBase AND
AND START
0.2 £ f(Ucos) £ 8Hz
d ³ startAngle
AND ZONE1
Z cross line ZA - ZC
AND ZONE2
Z cross line ZC - ZB
Counter
aa³b
N1Limit b AND TRIP1
d £ tripAngle OR TRIP
Counter
aa³b
N2Limit b AND TRIP2
en07000100.vsd
Figure 64: Logic diagram of the Pole Slip protection
12.5.6 Automatic switch onto fault logic (PSOF)

The PSOF is checked using secondary injection tests together with the distance or
overcurrent protection function and with the Dead Line Detection (DLD) function
which is embedded in the PSOF function. The switch-onto-fault function is activated
either by the external input BC, or by the internal DLD function which is integrated
in the FUSE function. The latter is done with a prefault condition where the phase
voltages and currents are at zero. A reverse three-phase fault with zero impedance
and a three-phase fault with an impedance corresponding to the whole line is applied.
This fault shall cause an instantaneous trip and result in a TRIP indication.
12.5.6.1 External activation of the PSOF function
Procedure

Section 12
1. Activate the switch-onto-fault BC input.

During normal operating conditions, the BC input is de-energized.
2. Apply a three phase fault condition corresponding to a fault at approximately
45% of the line or with an impedance at 50% of used zone setting and current
greater than 30% of Ir.
3. Check that the correct trip outputs, external signals and indication are obtained.
12.5.6.2 Automatic initiation of PSOF
Procedure
1. Deactivate the switch-onto-fault BC input.

2. Set current and voltage inputs to 0 for at least 1 second.
3. Apply a three phase fault condition corresponding to a fault at approximately
45% of the line or with an impedance at 50% of used zone setting and current
greater than 30% of Ir.
4. Check that the correct trip outputs, external signals and indication are obtained.
for test purposes.
12.5.7 Phase preference logic (PPL)

The phase preference logic is tested with a three-phase testing equipment for distance
protections. The phase preference logic is tested in co-operation with the distance
protection. The distance protection and the phase preference logic shall be set to
values according to the real set values to be used. The test is made by means of
injection of voltage and current where the amplitude of both current and voltage and
the phase angle between the voltage and current can be controlled.
During the test the following binary signals (outputs) shall be monitored:
• Trip signal from distance protection
• Start signal from phase preference logic
1. Connect the test set for injection of voltage and current.

2. Inject voltages and currents corresponding to a phase to phase to earth fault within
zone 1 of the distance protection. In the test one of the current inputs (one of the
faulted phases) is disconnected. The remaining current is the fault current out on
the protected line. All combinations of two phase to earth faults with one phase

Section 12
current are tested. The result shall be according to table 24. It should be checked
that the fault will give phase-phase voltage, phase to earth voltage, zero sequence
voltage and phase current so that the conditions set for the logic are fulfilled.
3. The same test is done for a phase to phase fault in zone 2.
Table 24: Operation at different combinations of faults and operation mode

OperMode Fault type/Faulted phase current to the IED
L1L2N/IL1 L1L2N/IL2 L2L3N/IL2 L2L3N/IL3 L3L3N/IL1 L3L1N/IL3
No Filter Trip Trip Trip Trip Trip Trip
No Pref Trip Trip Trip Trip Trip Trip
1231c Trip No Trip Trip No Trip No Trip Trip
1321c No Trip Trip No Trip Trip Trip No Trip
123a Trip No Trip Trip No Trip Trip No Trip
132a Trip No Trip No Trip Trip Trip No Trip
213a No Trip Trip Trip No Trip Trip No Trip
231a No Trip Trip Trip No Trip No Trip Trip
312a Trip No Trip No Trip Trip No Trip Trip
321a No Trip Trip No Trip Trip No Trip Trip
12.6 Current protection
12.6.1 Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50)

To verify the settings the following fault type should be tested:
• One for a phase-to-earth fault
Ensure that the maximum continuous current of the IED does not exceed four times
its rated value.
Procedure

Section 12
1. Inject a phase current into the IED with an initial value below that of the setting.
2. Set operation mode to 1 out of 3.
3. Increase the injected current in the Ln phase until the TRL (n=1–3) signal
appears.
4. Switch the fault current off.
Observe the maximum permitted overloading of the current circuits in the IED
5. Compare the measured operating current with the set value.
6. Set operation mode to 2 out of 3 and inject current into one of the phases. Check-
no operation.
12.6.2 Four step phase overcurrent protection (PTOC, 51/67)

Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section "Overview" and
Directional phase overcurrent current function
Procedure
1. Connect the test set for appropriate current injection to the appropriate IED
terminals.
If there is any configuration logic which is used to enable/block any of 4
available overcurrent steps, make sure that step under test is enabled (i.e. end
fault protection).
If 1 of 3 currents for operation is chosen: Connect the injection current to
terminals L1 and neutral.
If 2 of 3 currents for operation is chosen: Connect the injection current into
terminal L1 and out from terminal L2.
If 3 of 3 currents for operation is chosen: Connect the symmetrical 3 phase
injection current into terminals L1, L2 and L3.
2. Connect the test set for the appropriate three-phase voltage injection to the IED
terminals L1, L2 and L3. The protection shall be fed with a symmetrical three
phase voltage.
3. Set the injected polarizing voltage slightly larger than the set minimum
polarizing voltage (default is 5% of Ur) and set the injection current to lag the
appropriate voltage by an angle of about 80° if forward directional function is
selected.
If 1 of 3 currents for operation is chosen: The voltage angle of phase L1 is the
reference.

Section 12
If 2 of 3 currents for operation is chosen: The voltage angle of phase L1 – the

voltage angle of L2 is the reference.
If 3 of 3 currents for operation is chosen: The voltage angle of phase L1 is the
reference.
If reverse directional function is selected, set the injection current to lag the
polarizing voltage by an angle equal to 80° + 180°.
4. Increase the injected current and note the operated value of the studied step of
the function.
5. Decrease the current slowly and note the reset value.
6. If the test has been performed by injection of current in phase L1, repeat the test
when injecting current into terminals L2 and L3 with polarizing voltage
connected to terminals L2 respectively L3 (1 of 3 currents for operation).
7. If the test has been performed by injection of current in phases L1 – L2, repeat
the test when injecting current into terminals L2 – L3 and L3 – L1 with
appropriate phase angle of injected currents.
8. Block higher set stages when testing lower set stages according to below.
9. Connect a trip output contact to a timer.
10. Set the injected current to 200% of the operate level of the tested stage, switch
on the current and check the time delay.
For inverse time curves, check the operate time at a current equal to 110% of
the operate current for tmin.
11. Check that all trip and start contacts operate according to the configuration
(signal matrixes)
12. Reverse the direction of the injected current and check that the protection does
not operate.
13. If 2 of 3 or 3 of 3 currents for operation is chosen: Check that the function will
not operate with current in one phase only.
14. Repeat the above-described tests for the higher set stages.
15. Finally check that start and trip information is stored in the event menu.
Check of the non-directional phase over-current function. This

is done in principle as instructed above, without applying any
polarizing voltage.
12.6.3 Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50N)

To verify the settings the following fault type should be tested:

Section 12
• One for a phase-to-earth fault
Ensure that the maximum continuous current of the terminal does not exceed four
times its rated value.
Procedure
1. Inject a phase current into the IED with an initial value below that of the setting.
2. Increase the injected current in the Ln or in the neutral (summated current input)
phase until the TRIP signal appears.
Observe the maximum permitted overloading of the current circuits in the IED
4. Compare the measured operating current with the set value.
12.6.4 Four step residual overcurrent protection (PTOC, 51N/67N)

12.6.4.1 Four step directional overcurrent protection
Procedure
1. Connect the test set for single current injection to the appropriate IED terminals.
Connect the injection current to terminals L1 and neutral, or to terminals N and
neutral.
2. Set the injected polarizing voltage slightly larger than the set minimum
polarizing voltage (default 5 % of Ur) and set the injection current to lag the
voltage by an angle equal to the set reference characteristic angle (AngleRCA)
if the forward directional function is selected.
If reverse directional function is selected, set the injection current to lag the
polarizing voltage by an angle equal to RCA+ 180°.
3. Increase the injected current and note the value at which the studied step of the
function operates.
4. Decrease the current slowly and note the reset value.
5. If the test has been performed by injection of current in phase L1, repeat the test
when injecting current into terminals L2 and L3 with a polarizing voltage
connected to terminals L2 respectively L3.

Section 12
6. Block higher set stages when testing lower set stages according to the
instructions that follow.
7. Connect a trip output contact to a timer.
8. Set the injected current to 200 % of the operate level of the tested stage, switch
on the current and check the time delay.
For inverse time curves, check the operate time at a current equal to 110 % of
the operate current for tmin.
9. Check that all trip and start contacts operate according to the configuration
(signal matrixes)
10. Reverse the direction of the injected current and check that the protection does
not operate.
11. Check that the protection does not operate when the polarizing voltage is zero.
12. Repeat the above-described tests for the higher set stages.
13. Finally, check that start and trip information is stored in the event menu.
12.6.4.2 Four step non-directional overcurrent protection
Procedure
1. In principle this is done as described above, see section "Four step directional
overcurrent protection", but without applying any polarizing voltage.
12.6.5 Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power

protection (PSDE, 67N)
and section "Preparing for test" in this chapter
Figure 65 shows the principal connection of the test-set during the test of the sensitive
directional residual overcurrent protection. Observe that the polarizing voltage is
equal to -3U0.

Section 12
Relay test set IED
NI IN
L1U U1
L2U U2
L3U U3
NU NU
-3U0
TRIP
en07000094.vsd
Figure 65: Principle connection of the test-set
Values of the logical signals belonging to the sensitive directional residual

overcurrent protection are available under menu tree:
Test/Function status/Current protection/SensDirResOvCurr/SDE
12.6.5.1 Measuring the operate and time limit for set values
Operation mode 3I0cosφ

Procedure
1. Set the polarizing voltage to 1.2xUNRel> and the phase angle between voltage
and current to the set characteristic angle (RCADir), the current lagging the
voltage.
Take setting RCAComp into consideration if not equal to 0.
2. Measure that the operate current of the set directional element is equal to the
INcosPhi> setting.
The I Dir (I0 cos(Angle)) function activates the START and STDIRIN output.
3. Measure with angles j = RCADir +/- 45° that the measuring element operates
when I0 cos (RCADir - j) =INcosPhi>.
4. Compare the result with the set value.
Take the set characteristic into consideration, see figure 66 and figure 67.
5. Measure the operate time of the timer by injecting a current two times the set
INcosPhi> value and the polarizing voltage 1.2xUNRel>.

Section 12
6. Compare the results with the set value tDef.

7. Set the polarizing voltage to xero and increase until UNREL appears. Compare
the voltage with the set value UNRel>.
8. Continue to test another function or complete the test by setting the test mode
to off.
3I0 Operate area
-3U0=Uref RCA = 0°
3I0 cos
ROA
en06000650.vsd
Figure 66: Characteristic with ROADir restriction

Section 12
Operate area
-3U0=Uref RCA = 0°
Instrument
transformer a
RCAcomp
angle error
Characteristic after
angle compensation
3I0 (to prot)

3I0 (prim)
en06000651.vsd
Figure 67: Explanation of RCAcomp.
Operation mode 3I0x3U0xcosj

Procedure
voltage.
2. Measure that the operate power is equal to the SN> setting for the set directional
element.
Note that for operation, both the injected current and voltage must be greater
than the set values INRel> and UNRel> reespectively.
The function activates the START and STDIRIN output.
3. Measure with angles j = RCADir +/- 45° that the measuring element operates
when 3I0 3U0 cos (RCADir - j) = SN>.
4. Compare the result with the set value tDef.
5. Measure the operate time of the timer by injecting 1.2xUNRel> and a current
to get two times the set SN> operate value.
Tinv = kSN × Sref / 3I 0test × 3U 0test × cos(j )

(Equation 61)
6. Compare the result with the expected value.

Section 12
The expected value depends on whether definite or inverse time was selected.
to off.
Operation mode 3Io and j

Procedure
voltage.
2. Measure that the operate power is equal to the INDir> setting for the set
directional element.
Note that for operation, both the injected current and voltage must be greater
than the set values INRel> and UNRel> respectively.
3. Measure with angles j around RCADir +/- ROADir.
4. Compare the result with the set values, refer to figure 68 for example
characteristic.
5. Measure the operate time of the timer by injecting a current to get two times the
set S operate value.
6. Compare the result with the set value tDef.
to off.
RCA = 0°
ROA = 80°
Operate area
3I0
80 -3U0
en06000652.vsd
Figure 68: Example characteristic

Section 12
Non-directional earthground fault current protection

Procedure
1. Measure that the operate current is equal to the INNonDir> setting.

2. Measure the operate time of the timer by injecting a current to get two times the
set INNonDir> operate value.
3. Compare the result with the expected value.
The expected value depends on whether definite time tINNonDir or inverse time
was selected.
to off.
Residual overvoltage release and protection

Procedure
1. Measure that the operate voltage is equal to the UN> setting.

The function activates the START and STUN signals
2. Measure the operate time by injecting a voltage 1.2 timers set UN> operate
value.
3. Compare the result with the set tUNNonDir operate value.
4. Inject a voltage 0.8xUNRel>and a current high enough to operate the directional
function at the chosen angle.
5. Increase the voltage until the directional function is released.
6. Compare the measured value with the set UNRel> operate value.
12.6.6 Thermal overload protection, one time constant (PTTR, 26)

Check that the input logical signal BLOCK is logical zero and that on the local HMI,
the logical signal TRIP, START and ALARM are equal to logical 0.
12.6.6.1 Measuring the operate and time limit of set values
Testing the protection without external temperature compensation

(NonComp)
Procedure

Section 12
1. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in one phase to about 300% of
IRef (to minimise the trip time), and switch the current off.
2. Reset the thermal memory under menu tree:
Reset/Reset temperature/ThermalOverload1TimeConst(PTTR,26)/THL
3. Switch the fault current on and take note of the temperature:
Test/Current protection/ThermOverLoad1TimeConst(PTTR,26)/THL/
TEMP
4. Check the Alarm time limit AlarmTemp during injection.
Measure the signal ALARM until it appears on the corresponding binary output
or on the local HMI.
5. Compare the measured temperature with the setting.
6. Measure the THL protection trip time.
Use the TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the timer.
7. Take the “TEMP” readings.
Compare with the setting of TripTemp.
8. Activate the BLOCK binary input.
The signals ALARM, START and TRIP should disappear.
9. Reset the BLOCK binary input.
10. Check the reset limit (TdReset).
Measure the signal START until it disappears on the corresponding binary
output or on the local HMI, take the “TEMP” readings and compare with the
setting of ReclTemp.
11. Compare the measured trip time with the setting according to the formula.
12. Reset the thermal memory.
13. Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the test mode setting
to off.
12.6.7 Breaker failure protection (RBRF, 50BF)

The breaker-failure protection should normally be tested in conjunction with some

other function that provides a start signal. An external start signal can also be used.
The function(s) has to be set and configured before the testing can start. The BFP
function is highly flexible in that it permits a choice of functional and tripping modes.
The various modes are checked at the factory as part of the design verification. In
certain cases only modes with a high probability of coming into operation need to be
checked, in order to verify the configuration and settings.
Required for testing the function are:

Section 12
• Calculated settings
• Valid configuration diagram for the IED
• Valid terminal diagram for the IED
• Technical reference manual
• Three-phase test equipment
The Technical reference manual contains application and functionality summaries,

function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, a list of setting parameters
and technical data for the function.
The test equipment should be able to provide a three-phase supply of currents (and
for some start functions also voltage). The magnitude and angle of currents (and
voltages) should be possible to vary.
Make sure the IED is prepared for test before starting the test session. Consider the
logic diagram of the function when performing the test. The response from a test can
be viewed in different ways:
• Binary output signals

• Service values in the local HMI (logical signal or phasors)
• A PC with PCM 600 (configuration software) in debug mode
To verify the settings in the most common back-up trip mode “1 out of 3” it is
sufficient to test phase-to-earth faults.
At mode “2 out of 4” the Phase current setting, IP> can be checked by single phase
injection where the return current is connected to the summated current input. The
value of residual (EF) current “IN” set lower than IP> is easiest checked in back-up
trip mode “1 out of 4”.
12.6.7.1 Checking the phase current operate value, IP>
The check of the IP> current level is best made in FunctionMode=Current and
BuTripMode= “1 out of 3” or “2 out of 4”.
Procedure
1. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with a current below set
IP>.
2. Repeat the fault condition and increase the current in steps until a trip occurs.
3. Compare the result with the set IP>.
4. Disconnect AC and start input signals.
Note: If “No I> check” or “Retrip off” is set, only back-up trip can be used to
check set IP>.

Section 12
12.6.7.2 Checking the residual (EF) current operate value “IN>” set below
“IP>”
The check of low set IN> current level is best made in FunciontMode= Current and
BuTripMode= “1 out of 4”.
Procedure
1. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with a current just below set
IN>.
2. Repeat the fault condition and increase the current in steps until trip appears.
3. Compare the result with the set IN>.
12.6.7.3 Checking the re-trip and back-up times
The check of the set times can be made in connection with the check of operate values
above. Choose the applicable function and trip mode, such as FunctMode= Current
and RetripMode = I> check.
Procedure
1. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, well above the set current
value. Measure time from “Start of BFP”.
2. Check the re-trip t1 and back-up trip times t2 and t3
In applicable cases the back-up trip for multi-phase start “t2MPh” and back-up
trip 2, “t2 + t3” can also be checked. For check of “t2MPh” a two-phase or three-
phase start shall be applied.
12.6.7.4 Verifying the re-trip mode
Choose the mode below, which corresponds to the actual case. In the cases below it
is assumed that FunctionMode = Current is selected.
Checking the case without re-trip, RetripMode = Off

Procedure
1. Set RetripMode = Off.

value.
3. Verify that no re-trip, but back-up trip is achieved after set time.

Section 12
Checking the re-trip with current check, RetripMode = I>RetripMode =

Current check
Procedure
1. Set RetripMode = I> check.

2. Apply the fault condition, including start BFP, well above the set current value.
3. Verify that retrip is achieved after set time t1 and back-up trip after time t2
4. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with current below set current
value.
5. Verify that no re-trip, and no back-up trip is obtained.
Checking re-trip without current check, RetripMode= No

I>RetripMode= No Current check
Procedure
1. Set RetripMode = No I> check.

value.
3. Verify that re-trip is achieved after set time t1, and back-up trip after time t2.
4. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with current below set current
value.
5. Verify that re-trip is achieved after set time t1, but no back-up trip is obtained.
12.6.7.5 Verifying the back-up trip mode
In the cases below it is assumed that FunctionMode = Current is selected.
Checking that back-up tripping is not achieved at normal CB tripping

Use the actual tripping modes. The case below applies to re-trip with current check.
Procedure
1. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with phase current well above
set value “IP”
2. Arrange switching the current off, with a margin before back-up trip time, t2.
It may be made at issue of re-trip command.
3. Check that re-trip is achieved, if selected, but no back-up trip.
The normal mode BuTripMode = “1 out of 3” should have been verified in the tests
above. In applicable cases the modes “1 out of 4” and “2 out of 4” can be checked.
Choose the mode below, which corresponds to the actual case.
Checking the case BuTripMode = 1 out of 4

It is assumed that EF current setting IN> is below phase current setting IP>.

Section 12
Procedure
1. Set BuTripMode = 1 out of 4.

2. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with one phase current below
set IP> but above IN>. The residual (EF) should then be above set IN>.
3. Verify that back-up trip is achieved after set time. If selected, re-trip should also
appear.
Checking the case BuTripMode = 2 out of 4

The EF current setting IN> may be equal to or below phase current setting IP>.
Procedure
1. Set BuTripMode = 2 out of 4

2. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with one phase current above
set IP> and residual (EF) above set IN It can be obtained by applying a single
phase current.
3. Verify that back-up trip is achieved after set time. If selected, re-trip should also
appear.
4. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with at least one phase current
below set IP> and residual (EF) above set IN>. The current may be arranged
by feeding three (or two) phase currents with equal phase angle (I0-component)
below IP>, but of such value that the residual (EF) current (3I0) will be above
set value IN>.
5. Verify that back-up trip is not achieved.
12.6.7.6 Verifying instantaneous back-up trip at “CB faulty” condition
Applies in a case where signal “CB faulty and unable to trip” is connected to input
CBFLT.
Procedure
1. Repeat the check of back-up trip time. Disconnect current and start input signals.
2. Activate the input CBFLT. The output CBALARM (CB faulty alarm) should
appear after set time tCBAlarm. Keep the input activated.
3. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with current above set current
value.
4. Verify that back-up trip is obtained without intentional delay, e.g. within 20 ms
from application of start.
5. Disconnect injected AC and input signals.

Section 12
12.6.7.7 Verifying the case FunctionMode = Contact
It is assumed that re-trip without current check is selected, RetripMode = No I> check.
Procedure
1. Set FunctionMode = Contact

2. Apply input signal for CB closed to relevant input or inputs CBCLDL*
3. Apply input signal, or signals for start of BFP. The value of current could be
low.
4. Verify that re-trip and back-up trip are achieved after set times.
5. Disconnect the start signal(s). Keep the CB closed signal(s).
6. Apply input signal(s), for start of BFP. The value of current could be low.
7. Arrange disconnection of CB closed signal(s) well before set back-up trip time
t2.
8. Verify that back-up trip is not achieved.
9. Disconnect injected AC and start input signals.
12.6.7.8 Verifying the function mode “Curr&Cont Check”
To be made only when FunctionMode = Curr and Cont is selected. It is suggested to

make the tests in one phase only, or at three-phase trip applications for just three-
phase tripping.
Checking the case with fault current above set value IP>Pickup_PH
The operation shall be as in FunctionMode = Current.
Procedure
1. Set FunctionMode = Curr&Cont Check

2. Leave the inputs for CB close inactivated. These signals should not influence.
3. Apply the fault condition, including start of BFP, with current above the set
IP> value.
4. Check that the re-trip, if selected, and back-up trip commands are achieved.
Checking the case with fault current below set value

I>BlkContPickup_BlkCont
The case shall simulate a case where the fault current is very low and operation will
depend on CB position signal from CB auxiliary contact. It is suggested that re-trip
without current check is used; setting Retrip = No I>Retrip = No Current check.
Procedure
1. Set FunctionMode = Curr&Cont Check

2. Apply input signal for CB closed to relevant input or inputs CBCLDL*
3. Apply the fault condition with input signal(s) for start of BFP. The value of
current should be below the set value I>BlkCont

Section 12
4. Verify that re-trip (if selected) and back-up trip are achieved after set times.
Failure to trip is simulated by keeping the signal(s) CB closed activated.
5. Disconnect the AC and the start signal(s). Keep the CB closed signal(s).
6. Apply the fault and the start again. The value of current should be below the set
value I>BlkCont.
7. Arrange disconnection of BC closed signal(s) well before set back-up trip time
t2. It simulates a correct CB tripping.
8. Verify that back-up trip is not achieved. Re-trip can appear, e.g. due to selection
“Re-trip without current check”.
12.6.8 Stub protection (PTOC, 50STB)

Procedure
1. Check that the input logical signals BLOCK and RELEASE are logical zero and
note on the local HMI that the TRIP logical signal is equal to the logical 0.
Logical signals for STUB protection are available under menu tree:
Measurements/Current protection/Stub/STB
2. Activate the RELEASE binary input.
STUB protection settings are available under menu tree:
Settings/Setting group N/Current protection/Stub/STB
3. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in one phase to about 110% of
the set operating current, and switch the current off with the switch.
Observe the maximum permitted overloading of the current circuits in the IED.
4. Switch the fault current on and measure the operating time of the STUB
protection.
Use the TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the timer. The
operation should be instantaneously.
6. Switch on the fault current (110% of the setting).
No TRIP signal should appear.
7. Switch off the fault current.
8. Quickly set the measured current (fault current) in same phase to about 90% of
the set operating current, and switch the current off with the switch.
9. Switch the fault current on.

Section 12

11. Reset the RELEASE binary input.
12. Switch the fault current on.
12.6.9 Pole discordance protection (RPLD, 52PD)

Prepare the terminal for verification of settings as outlined in section "Preparing for
test" and section "Preparing for test" in this chapter.
Procedure
1. External detection logic, Contact function selection=ContSel setting equals PD

signal from CB. Activate the EXTPDIND binary input, and measure the
operating time of the PD protection.
Use the TRIP signal from the configured binary output stop the timer.
2. Compare the measured time with the set value TimeDelayTrip.
3. Reset the EXTPDIND binary input.
4. Activate the BLKDBYAR binary input.
This test should be performed together with AR.
5. Activate the EXTPDIND binary input.
6. Reset both BLKDBYAR and EXTPDIND binary inputs.
8. Activate EXTPDIND binary input.
NO TRIP signal should appear.
9. Reset both BLOCK and EXTPDIND binary inputs.
10. If Internal detection logic Contact function selection=ContSel setting equals
Pole position from auxiliary contacts. Then set inputs
POLE1OPN...POLE3CL in a status that activates the pole discordance logic
and repeats steps 2-9 above.
11. Unsymmetry current detection with CB monitoring: Set measured current in
one phase to 110% of Current Release level. Activate CLOSECMD and measure
the operating time of the PD protection.
Use the TRIP signal from the configured binary out put stop the timer.
12. Deactivate the CLOSECMD.: Set measured current in one phase to 90% of
Current Release level. Activate CLOSECMD.

Section 12

13. Repeat point 11 and 12 using OPENCMD instead of CLOSECMD.
Unsymmetry current detection with CB monitoring: Set all three currents to
110% of Current Release level. Activate CLOSECMD.
NO TRIP signal should appear due to symmetrical condition.
14. Deactivate the CLOSECMD. Decrease one current with 120% of the Current
Unsymmetry level compared to the other two phases. Activate CLOSECMD
and measure the operating time of the PD protection.
Use the TRIP signal from the configured binary out put stop the timer.
15. Deactivate the CLOSECMD. Decrease one current with 80% of the Current
Unsymmetry level compared to the other two phases. Activate CLOSECMD.
12.6.10 Directional underpower protection (PDUP)

The underpower protection shall be set to values according to the real set values to
be used. The test is made by means of injection of voltage and current where the
amplitude of both current and voltage and the phase angle between the voltage and
current can be controlled. During the test the analog outputs of active and reactive
power shall be monitored.
Procedure
1. Connect the test set for injection of voltage and current corresponding to the
measure mode to be used in the application. If a three phase test set is available
this could be used for all the measure modes. If a single phase current/voltage
test set is available the test set should be connected to a selected input for one
phase current and voltage.

Section 12
Set value: measureMode Formula used for complex power calculation

L1, L2, L3
S = U L1 × I L1* + U L 2 × I L 2* + U L 3 × I L 3*
S = V A × I A* + VB × I B* + VC × I C *
Arone
S = U L1L 2 × I L1* - U L 2 L 3 × I L 3*
PosSeq
S = 3 × U PosSeq × I PosSeq *
L1L2
S = U L1L 2 × ( I L1* - I L 2* )
L2L3
S = U L 2 L 3 × ( I L 2* - I L 3* )
L3L1
S = U L 3 L1 × ( I L 3* - I L1* )
L1
S = 3 × U L1 × I L1*
L2
S = 3 × U L 2 × I L 2*
L3
S = 3 × U L 3 × I L 3*
2. Adjust the injected current and voltage to the set rated values IBase and
UBase (converted to secondary current and voltage). The angle between the
injected current and voltage shall be set equal to the set direction Angle1 (equal
to 0° for low forward power protection). Check that the monitored active power
is equal to 100% of rated power and that the reactive power is equal to 0% of
rated power.
3. Change the angle between the injected current and voltage to Angle1 + 90°.
Check that the monitored active power is equal to 0% of rated power and that
the reactive power is equal to 100% of rated power.
4. Change the angle between the injected current and voltage back to 0°. Decrease
the current slowly until the START1 signal is activated. Check the injected
power and compare to the set value Power1.
5. Increase the current to IBase.
6. Switch the current off and measure the lime for activation of TRIP1.
7. If a second step is used: repeat points 2 – 6 for the second step.

Section 12
12.6.11 Directional overpower protection (PDOP)

The overpower protection shall be set to values according to the real set values to be
used. The test is made by means of injection of voltage and current where the
amplitude of both current and voltage and the phase angle between the voltage and
current can be controlled. During the test the analog outputs of active and reactive
power shall be monitored.
Procedure
1. Connect the test set for injection of voltage and current corresponding to the
measure mode to be used in the application. If a three phase test set is available
this could be used for all the measure modes. If a single phase current/voltage
test set is available the test set should be connected to a selected input for one
phase current and voltage.
L1, L2, L3
S = U L1 × I L1* + U L 2 × I L 2* + U L 3 × I L 3*
S = V A × I A* + VB × I B* + VC × I C *
Arone
S = U L1L 2 × I L1* - U L 2 L 3 × I L 3*
PosSeq
S = 3 × U PosSeq × I PosSeq *
L1L2
S = U L1L 2 × ( I L1* - I L 2* )
L2L3
S = U L 2 L 3 × ( I L 2* - I L 3* )

Section 12

L3L1
S = U L 3 L1 × ( I L 3* - I L1* )
L1
S = 3 × U L1 × I L1*
L2
S = 3 × U L 2 × I L 2*
L3
S = 3 × U L 3 × I L 3*
2. Adjust the injected current and voltage to the set rated values IBase and
UBase (converted to secondary current and voltage). The angle between the
injected current and voltage shall be set equal to the set direction Angle1 (equal
to 180° for reverse power protection). Check that the monitored active power
is equal to 100% of rated power and that the reactive power is equal to 0% of
rated power.
3. Change the angle between the injected current and voltage to Angle1 + 90°.
Check that the monitored active power is equal to 0% of rated power and that
the reactive power is equal to 100% of rated power.
4. Change the angle between the injected current and voltage back to Angle1 value.
Increase the current slowly from 0 until the START1 signal is activated. Check
the injected power and compare to the set value Power1.
5. Increase the current to IBase and switch the current off.
6. Switch the current on and measure the lime for activation of TRIP1.
7. If a second step is used: repeat points 2 – 6 for the second step.
12.6.12 Broken conductor check (BRC)

12.6.12.1 Measuring the operate and time limit of set values
Procedure
1. Check that the input logical signal BRC-BLOCK is logical zero and note on the
local HMI that the BRC-TRIP logical signal is equal to the logical 0.

Section 12
Values of the logical output signals belonging to the broken conductor check
function are available under menu tree:
Test/Function Status/Current protection/ Broken Cond Check
2. Set the measured current (fault current) in one phase to about 110% of the set
operating current (IP>).
Observe the maximum permitted overloading of the current circuits in the
terminal.
3. Switch on the fault current and measure the operating time of the BRC
protection.
Use the BRC--TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the timer.
4. Compare the measured time with the set value tOper.
5. Activate the BRC--BLOCK binary input.
6. Switch on the fault current (110% of the setting) and wait longer than the set
value tOper.
No BRC--TRIP signal should appear.
8. Set the measured current (fault current) in same phase to about 90% of the set
operating current. Switch off the current.
9. Switch on the fault current and wait longer than the set value tOper.
No BRC--TRIP signal should appear.
12.7 Voltage protection
12.7.1 Two step undervoltage protection (PTUV, 27)

Verification of StartPickup-value and time delay to operate for Step1

Procedure

Section 12
1. Make sure that the IED settings are appropriate, especially the Start-value, the
definite time delay and the 1 out of 3 operation mode.
2. Supply the terminal with three-phase voltages at their rated values.
3. Slowly decrease the voltage in one of the phases, until the START signal
appears.
4. Note the operate value and compare it with the set value.
5. Increase the measured voltage to rated load conditions.
6. Make sure that the START signal resets.
7. Instantaneously decrease the voltage in one-phase to a value about 20% lower
than the measured operate value.
8. Measure the time delay for the TRIP signal, and compare it with the set value.
Extended testing
Procedure
1. The test above can now be repeated for Step2.

2. The tests above can be repeated for 2 out of 3 and for 3 out of 3 operation mode.
3. The tests above can be repeated to check security, i.e. the start and operate
signals, that are not supposed to appear, - do not.
4. The tests above can be repeated to check the time to reset.
5. The tests above can be repeated to test the inverse time characteristic.
for test purposes.
12.7.2 Two step overvoltage protection (PTOV, 59)

Procedure
1. Apply single phase voltage below the set value U1>.

2. Slowly increase the voltage until the ST1 signal appears.
4. Switch the applied voltage off.
5. Set and apply about 20% higher voltage than the measured operate value for
one phase.
6. Measure the time delay for the TR1 signal and compare it with the set value.
7. Repeat the test for step 2.

Section 12
12.7.3 Two step residual overvoltage protection (PTOV, 59N)

Procedure
1. Apply the single phase voltage either to a single phase voltage input or to a
residual voltage input with the start value below the set value U1>
2. Slowly increase the value until ST1 appears
4. Switch the applied voltage off.
5. Set and apply about 20% higher voltage than the measured operate value for
one phase.
6. Measure the time delay for the TR1 signal and compare it with the set value.
7. Repeat the test for step 2.
12.7.4 Overexcitation protection (PVPH, 24)

Procedure
1. Enable frequency measuring (FRME function)

2. Connect a symmetrical 3-phase voltage input from the test set to the appropriate
connection terminals if the overexcitation function is configured for a 3-phase
voltage input.
A single-phase injection voltage is applied if the function is configured for a
phase-to-phase voltage input.

Section 12
The function is conveniently tested using rated frequency for the injection
voltage and increasing the injection voltage to get the desired overexcitation
level.
3. Connect the alarm contact to the timer and set the time delay for the alarm
temporarily to zero.
4. Increase the voltage and note the operate value Emaxcont.
5. Reduce the voltage slowly and note the reset value.
6. Set the alarm time delay to the correct value according to the setting plan and
check the time delay, injecting a voltage corresponding to 1.2 x Emaxcont.
7. Connect a trip output contact to the timer and temporarily set the time delay
tMin to 0.5 s.
8. Increase the voltage and note the Emax operate value
9. Reduce the voltage slowly and note the reset value.
10. Set the time delay to the correct value according to the setting plan and check
the time delay tMin, injecting a voltage corresponding to 1.2 x Emax.
11. Check that trip and alarm contacts operate according to the configuration logic.
12. Set the cooling time constant temporarily to min value (1min.) to quickly lower
the thermal content.
13. Wait for a period equal to 6 times Tcooling switch on a voltage 1.15 x Emaxcont
and check the inverse operate time.
Wait until the thermal memory is emptied, set the cooling time constant
according to the setting plan and check another point on the inverse time curve
injecting a voltage 1.3 x Emaxcont.
14. Finally check that start and trip information is stored in the Event menu.
Information on how to use the event menu is found in the IED 670 operators
manual (document number is found in section "").
12.7.5 Voltage differential protection (PTOV, 60)

12.7.5.1 Check of undervoltage levels
This test is relevant if the setting BlkDiffAtULow=Yes.
Check of U1Low
Procedure

Section 12
1. Connect voltages to the IED according to valid connection diagram and figure
69.
2. Apply voltage higher than the highest set value of UDTrip, U1Low and
U2Low to the U1 three phase inputs and to one phase of the U2 inputs according
to figure 69.
The voltage differential START signal is set.
RELAY TEST SET UL1 UL1
UL2 UL2 1
IED 670
UL3 UL3
UN UN
UL1
UL2 2
UL3
en07000106.vsd
Figure 69: Connection of the test set to the IED for test of U1 block level
where:
1 is three phase voltage group1 (U1)
3. Decrease slowly the voltage in phase UL1 of the test set until the START signal
resets.
4. Check U1 blocking level by comparing the voltage level at reset with the set
undervoltage blocking U1Low.
5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 to check U1Low for the other phases.
The connections to U1 must be shifted to test another phase.

(UL1 to UL2, UL2 to UL3, UL3 to UL1)
Check of U2Low
Procedure

Section 12
1. Connect voltages to the IED according to valid connection diagram and

figure 70.
UL1 UL1
RELAY TEST SET

UL2 UL2 1
IED 670
UL3 UL3
UN UN
UL1
UL2 2
UL3
en07000107.vsd
Figure 70: Connection of the test set to the IED for test of U2 block level
where:
2. Apply voltage higher than the highest set value of UDTrip, U1Low and
U2Low to the U1 three phase inputs and to one phase of the U2 inputs according
to figure 70.
The voltage differential START signal is set.
3. Decrease slowly the voltage in phase UL3 of the test set until the START signal
resets.
4. Check U2 blocking level by comparing the voltage level at reset with the set
undervoltage blocking U2Low.
12.7.5.2 Check of voltage differential trip and alarm levels
Procedure
1. Connect voltages to the IED according to valid connection diagram and

figure 71.

Section 12
UL1 UL1
RELAY TEST SET

UL2 UL2 1
IED 670
UL3 UL3
UN UN
UL1
UL2 2
UL3
en07000108.vsd
Figure 71: Connection of the test set to the IED for test of alarm levels, trip
levels and trip timer
where:
2. Apply 1.2 * Ur (rated voltage) to the U1 and U2 inputs.

3. Decrease slowly the voltage of in phase UL1 of the test set until the ALARM
signal is activated.
The ALARM signal is delayed with timer tAlarm
4. Check the alarm operation level by comparing the differential voltage level at
ALARM with the set alarm level UDAlarm.
5. Continue to slowly decrease the voltage until START signal is activated.
6. Check the differential voltage operation level by comparing the differential
voltage level at START with the set trip level UDTrip.
7. Repeat steps 1 to 2 to check the other phases.
Observe that the connections to U1 must be shifted to test another phase.
(UL1 to UL2, UL2 to UL3, UL3 to UL1)
12.7.5.3 Check of trip and trip reset timers
Procdure

Section 12
1. Connect voltages to the IED according to valid connection diagram and figure
71.
2. Set Ur (rated voltage) to the U1 inputs and increase U2 voltage until differential
voltage is 1.5 x operating level (UDTrip).
3. Switch on the test set. Measure the time from activation of the START signal
until TRIP signal is activated.
4. Check the measured time by comparing it to the set trip time tTrip.
5. Increase the voltage until START signal resets. Measure the time from reset of
START signal to reset of TRIP signal.
6. Check the measured time by comparing it to the set trip reset time tReset.
12.7.5.4 Final adjustment of compensation for VT ratio differences
Procedure
1. With the protection in test mode, view the the differential voltage service values
in each phase.
LHMI path to the differential voltage values is:
Test/Function status/Voltage protection/VoltageDiff(PTOV,60)/VDCn
The IED voltage inputs should be connected to the VTs

according to valid connection diagram.
2. Record the differential voltages.

3. Calculate the compensation factor RFLx for each phase.
For information about calculation of the compensation factor, see the
application manual.
4. Set the compensation factors.
Path in LHMI is:
Settings/Settings group N/Voltage protection/VoltageDiff(PTOV,60)/
VDCn
5. Check that the differential voltages are close to zero.
12.7.6 Loss of voltage check (LOV)


Section 12
Procedure
1. Check that the input logical signals LOV-BLOCK, LOV-CBOPEN and LOV-
VTSU are logical zero.
2. Supply a three phase rated voltage in all three phases and note on the local HMI
that the LOV-TRIP logical signal is equal to the logical 0.
Logical output signals for loss of voltage check protection are available under
menu tree:
Test / Function status/Voltage Protection/ Loss of Voltage
3. Switch off the voltage in all three phases.
After set ttrip time a LOV-TRIP signal appears on the corresponding binary
output or on the local HMI. Note that LOV--TRIP at this time is a pulse signal,
duration should be according to set tpulse.
4. Inject the measured voltages to their rated values for at least set tRestore time.
5. Activate the LOV-CBOPEN binary input.
6. Simultaneously disconnect all the three phase voltages from the IED.
No LOV-TRIP signal should appear.
8. Activate the LOV-VTSU binary input.
9. Simultaneously disconnect all the three phase voltages from the tRestore.
10. Reset the LOV-VTSU binary input.
12. Activate the LOV-BLOCK binary input.
13. Simultaneously disconnect all the three phase voltages from the terminal.
14. Reset the LOV-BLOCK binary input.
to off.
12.8 Frequency protection
12.8.1 Underfrequency protection (PTUF, 81)


Section 12
Verification of Startvalue and time delay to operate

Procedure
1. Make sure that the IED settings are appropriate, especially the Start-value and
the definite time delay.
3. Slowly decrease the frequency of the applied voltage, until the START signal
appears.
5. Increase the frequency until rated operating levels are reached.
7. Instantaneously decrease the frequency of the applied voltage to a value about
20% lower than the operate value.
8. Measure the time delay of the TRIP signal, and compare it with the set value.
Extended testing
Procedure
1. The test above can be repeated to check the time to reset.

2. The tests above can be repeated to test the voltage dependent inverse time
characteristic.
Verification of the low voltage magnitude blocking

Procedure
1. Make sure that the IED settings are appropriate, especially the
StartFrequency, IntBlkStVal, and the tTrip.
2. Supply the terminal with three-phase voltages at rated values.
3. Slowly decrease the magnitude of the applied voltage, until the BLKDMAGN
signal appears.
4. Note the voltage magnitude value and compare it with the set value,
IntBlkStVal.
5. Slowly decrease the frequency of the applied voltage, to a value below
StartFrequency.
6. Make sure that the START signal not appears.
7. Wait for a time corresponding to tTrip, and make sure that the TRIP signal not
appears.
Continue to test another function or end the test session by changing the test mode
setting to off. Restore connections and settings to their original values, if they were
changed for test purposes.

Section 12
12.8.2 Overfrequency protection (PTOF, 81)


Procedure
1. Make sure that you have appropriate settings in the terminal, especially the
Start-value and the definite time delay.
3. Slowly increase the frequency of the applied voltage, until the START signal
appears.
5. Decrease the frequency to rated operating conditions.
7. Instantaneously increase the frequency of the applied voltage to a value about
20% higher than the operate value.
Extended testing
Procedure
1. The test above can be repeated to check the time to reset.
Verification of the low voltage magnitude blocking

Procedure
StartFrequency, IntBlkStVal, and the tTrip.
3. Slowly decrease the magnitude of the applied voltage, until the BLKDMAGN
signal appears.
4. Note the voltage magnitude value and compare it with the set value,
IntBlkStVal.
5. Slowly increase the frequency of the applied voltage, to a value above
StartFrequency.
6. Make sure that the START signal not appears.
7. Wait for a time corresponding to tTrip, and make sure that the TRIP signal does
not appears.

Section 12
12.8.3 Rate-of-change frequency protection (PFRC, 81)


Procedure
StartPickup-value and the definite time delay. Set StartFreqGrad, to a rather
small negative value.
3. Slowly decrease the frequency of the applied voltage, with an increasing rate-
of-change that finally exceeds the setting of StartFreqGrad, and check that the
START signal appears.
5. Increase the frequency to rated operating conditions, and zero rate-of-change.
7. Instantaneously decrease the frequency of the applied voltage to a value about
20% lower than the nominal value.
Extended testing
Procedure
1. The test above can be repeated to check a positive setting of StartFreqGrad.

2. The tests above can be repeated to check the time to reset.
3. The tests above can be repeated to test the RESTORE signal, when the frequency
recovers from a low value.

Section 12
12.9 Multipurpose protection
12.9.1 General current and voltage protection (GAPC)

One of the new facilities within the GF function is that the value which is processed
and used for evaluation in the function can be chosen in many different ways by the
setting parameters CurrentInput and VoltageInput.
These setting parameters decide what kind of preprocessing the connected three-
phase CT and VT inputs shall be subjected to. That is e.g. single-phase quantities,
phase-to-phase quantities, positive sequence quantities, negative sequence quantities,
maximum quantity from the 3-phase group, minimum quantity from the 3-phase
group, difference between maximum and minimum quantities (unbalance) can be
derived and then used in the function.
Due to the versatile possibilities of the GF itself but also the possibilities of logic
combinations in the CAP-configuration of outputs from more then one GF function
block it is hardly possible to define a fully covering general commissioning test.
12.9.1.1 Built-in overcurrent feature (non-directional)
Procedure
1. Go to the Test/Function Test Mode/Multipurpose protection menu and make

sure that the GF to be tested is unblocked and other functions that might disturb
the evaluation of the test are blocked.
2. Connect the test set for injection of 3-phase currents to the appropriate current
terminals of IED 670.
3. Inject current(s) in a way that relevant measured current (according to setting
parameter CurrentInput) is created from the test set. Increase the current(s) until
the low set stage operates and check against the set operate value.
4. Decrease the current slowly and check the reset value.
5. Block high set stage if the injection current will activate the high set stage when
testing the low set stage according to below.
6. Connect a trip output contact to the timer.
7. Set the current to 200% of the operate value of low set stage, switch on the
current and check the time delay.
For inverse time curves, check the operate time at a current equal to 110% of
the operate current at tMin.
8. Check that trip and start contacts operate according to the configuration logic.
9. Release the blocking of the high set stage and check the operate and reset value
and the time delay for the high set stage in the same way as for the low set stage.
10. Finally check that start and trip information is stored in the Event menu.

Section 12
Information on how to use the event menu is found in the IED 670 operators
manual.
12.9.1.2 Overcurrent feature with current restraint
The current restraining value has also to be measured or calculated and the influence
on the operation has to be calculated when the testing of the operate value is done.
Procedure
1. Operate value measurement

The current restraining value has also to be measured or calculated and the
influence on the operation has to be calculated when the testing of the operate
value is done.
12.9.1.3 Overcurrent feature with voltage restraint
Procedure
1. Connect the test set for injection of 3-phase currents and 3-phase voltages to the
appropriate current and voltage terminals of IED 670.
2. Inject current(s) and voltage(s) in a way that relevant measured (according to
setting parameter CurrentInput and VoltageInput) currents and voltages are
created from the test set.
Overall check in principal as above (non-directional overcurrent feature)
3. Operate value measurement
The relevant voltage restraining value (according to setting parameter
VoltageInput) has also to be injected from the test set and the influence on the
operate value has to be calculated when the testing the operate value is done.
4. Operate time measurement
Definite times may be tested as above (non-directional overcurrent feature). For
inverse time characteristics the start value (to which the overcurrent ratio has to
be calculated) is the actual pickup value as got with actual restraining from the
voltage restraining quantity.
12.9.1.4 Overcurrent feature with directionality
Please note that the directional characteristic can be set in two different ways either
just dependent on the angle between current and polarizing voltage (setting parameter
DirPrinc_OC1 or Dirprinc_OC2 set to or in a way that the operate value also is
dependent on the angle between current and polarizing voltage according to the I x
cos(F) law (setting parameter DirPrincOC1 or DirPrincOC2 set to I x cos(F). This
has to be known if a more detailed measurement of the directional characteristic is
made, than the one described below.
Procedure

Section 12
1. Connect the test set for injection of 3-phase currents and 3-phase voltages to the
appropriate current and voltage terminals of IED 670.
2. Inject current(s) and voltage(s) in a way that relevant measured (according to
setting parameter CurrentInput and VoltageInput) currents and voltages are
created from the test set.
3. Set the relevant measuring quantity current to lag or lead (lag for negative rca
angle and lead for positive rca angle) the relevant polarizing quantity voltage
by an angle equal to the set relay characteristic angle (rca-dir) when forward
directional feature is selected and the CTstarpoint configuration parameter is
set to ToObject.
If reverse directional feature is selected or CTstarpoint configuration parameter
is set to FromObject the angle between current and polarizing voltage shall be
set equal to rca-dir+180°.
4. Overall check in principal as above (non-directional overcurrent feature)
5. Reverse the direction of the injection current and check that the protection does
not operate.
6. Check with low polarization voltage that the feature becomes non-directional,
blocked or with memory according to the setting.
12.9.1.5 Over/Undervoltage feature
Procedure
1. Connect the test set for injection 3-phase voltages to the appropriate voltage
terminals of IED 670.
2. Inject voltage(s) in a way that relevant measured (according to setting parameter
VoltageInput) voltages are created from the test set.
3. Overall check in principal as above (non-directional overcurrent feature) and
correspondingly for the undervoltage feature.
12.10 Secondary system supervision
12.10.1 Current circuit supervision (RDIF)

The current circuit supervision function is conveniently tested with the same 3-phase
test set as used when testing the measuring functions in the IED 670.

Section 12
The condition for this procedure is that the setting of IMinOp is lower than the setting
of Ip>Block
Procedure
1. Check the input circuits and the operate value of the IMinOp current level
detector by injecting current, one phase at a time
2. Check the phase current blocking function for all three phases by injection
current, one phase at a time. The output signals shall reset with a delay of 1
second when the current exceeds 1.5*IBase
3. Inject a current 0.9*IBase to phase L1 and a current 0.15*IBase to the reference
current input I5
4. Decrease slowly the current to the reference current input and check that
blocking is obtained when the current is about 0.1*IBase
12.10.2 Fuse failure supervision (RFUF)

The verification is divided in two main parts. The first part is common to all fuse
failure supervision options, and checks that binary inputs and outputs operate as
expected according to actual configuration. In the second part the relevant set operate
values are measured.
The corresponding binary signals that inform the operator about the operation of the
FUSE function are available on the local HMI under the menu:
Test/Function status/Secondary System Supervision/FuseFailure(RFUF)/FSO
12.10.2.1 Checking that the binary inputs and outputs operate as expected
Procedure
1. Simulate normal operating conditions with the three-phase currents in phase

with their corresponding phase voltages and with all of them equal to their rated
values.
2. Connect the nominal dc voltage to the DISCPO binary input.

Section 12
• The signal BLKU should appear with almost no time delay.

• No signals BLKZ and 3PH should appear on the IED.
• Only the distance protection function operates.
• No other undervoltage-dependent functions must operate.
3. Disconnect the dc voltage from the DISCPOS binary input terminal.
4. Connect the nominal dc voltage to the MCBOP binary input.
• The BLKU and BLKZ signals should appear without any time delay.
• No undervoltage-dependent functions must operate.
5. Disconnect the dc voltage from the MCBOP binary input terminal.
6. Disconnect one of the phase voltages and observe the logical output signals on
the terminal binary outputs.
BLKU and BLKZ signals should simultaneously appear.
7. After more than 5 seconds disconnect the remaining two phase voltages and all
three currents.
• There should be no change in the high status of the output signals
BLKUV and BLKZ.
• The signal 3PH will appear.
8. Establish normal voltage and current operating conditions simultaneously and
observe the corresponding output signals.
They should change to logical 0 as follows:
• Signal 3PH after about 25 ms
• Signal BLKU after about 50 ms
• Signal BLKZ after about 200 ms
12.10.2.2 Measuring the operate value for the negative sequence function
Measure the operate value for the negative sequence function, if included in the IED.
Procedure

values.
2. Slowly decrease the measured voltage in one phase until the BLKU signal
appears.
3. Record the measured voltage and calculate the corresponding negative-
sequence voltage according to the equation.
Observe that the voltages in the equation are phasors:
2
3 × U 2 = UL 1 + a × U L 2 + a × U L3
(Equation 80)
Where:
U L1 U L2 and UL3
= the measured phase voltages

Section 12
2×p
j -----------
3 3
a = 1×e = – 0, 5 + j -------
2
4. Compare the result with the set value (consider that the set value 3U2> is in
percentage of the base voltage U1b) of the negative-sequence operating voltage.
12.10.2.3 Measuring the operate value for the zero sequence function
Measure the operate value for the zero sequence function, if included in the IED.
Procedure

values.
2. Slowly decrease the measured voltage in one phase until the BLKU signal
appears.
3. Record the measured voltage and calculate the corresponding zero-sequence
voltage according to the equation.
Observe that the voltages in the equation are phasors.
3 × U0 = U L1 + UL2 + U L3
(Equation 83)
Where:
UL 1 , U L 2 and U L 3
= the measured phase voltages.
4. Compare the result with the set value (consider that the set value 3U0> is in
percentage of the base voltage of the zero-sequence operating voltage.
12.10.2.4 Checking the operation of the duv/dt and di/dt based function
Check the operation of the du/dt and di/dt based function, if included in the IED.
Procedure

values.
2. Connect the nominal dc voltage to the CBCLOSED binary input.
3. Change the voltages and currents in all three phases simultaneously.
The voltage change should be greater then set DU> and the current change
should be less than the set DI<.

Section 12
• The BLKU and BLKZ signals appear without any time delay. The BLKZ
signal will be activated , only if the internal deadline detection is not
activated at the same time.
• 3PH should appear after 5 seconds, if the remaining voltage levels are
lower than the set UDLD<VDLDPU of the DLD function.
4. Apply normal conditions as in step 1 .
The BLKU, BLKZ and 3PH signals should reset, if activated, see step 3 .
5. Change the voltages and currents in all three phases simultaneously.
The voltage change should be greater then set DU> and the current change
should be greater then the set DI<.
The BLKU, BLKZ and 3PH signals should not appear.
6. Disconnect the dc voltage to the CBCLOSED binary input.
7. Apply normal conditions as in step 1 .
8. Repeat step 3 .
9. Connect the nominal voltages in all three phases and feed a current below the
operate level in all three phases.
10. Keep the current constant. Disconnect the voltage in all three phases
simultaneously.
The BLKU, BLKZ and 3PH signals should not appear.
12.11 Control
12.11.1 Synchrocheck and energizing check (RSYN, 25)

This section contains instructions on how to test the synchronism and energizing
check for single and double CB with or without the synchronizing function and for
1½ breaker arrangements.
Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section "Overview"and

At commissioning and periodical checks, the functions shall be tested with the used
settings. To test a specific function, it might be necessary to change some setting
parameters, for example:
• AutoEnerg = On/Off/DLLB/DBLL/Both
• ManEnerg = Off
• Operation = Off, On
• Activation of the voltage selection function if applicable

Section 12
The tests explained in the test procedures below describe the settings, which can be
used as references during testing before the final settings are specified. After testing,
restore the equipment to the normal or desired settings.
A secondary injection test set with the possibility to alter the phase angle by regulation
of the resistive and reactive components is needed. The test set must also be able to
generate different frequencies on different outputs.
The description below applies for a system with a nominal frequency

of 50 Hz but can be directly transferred to 60 Hz. The synchrocheck
function can be set to use different phases, phase to earth or phase to
phase. Use the set voltages instead of what is indicated below.
Figure 72 shows the general test connection principle, which can be used during
testing. This description describes the test of the version intended for one bay.
Figure 73 shows the general test connection for a 1½ CB diameter with one-phase
voltage connected to the line side.
REx670
Test
U-Bus U-Bus
equipment
N UMeasure
Ph/N
U-Line Ph/Ph
UL1 Input Phase
UL2 L1,L2,L3
UL3 L12,L23,L31
N N
en05000480.vsd
Figure 72: General test connection with three-phase voltage connected to the
line side

Section 12
REx670
Test U-Bus1
equipment U3PBB1
U-Bus2
U3PBB2
U-Line2
U3PLN2
U-Line1
U3PLN1 UMeasure
Ph/N
Ph/Ph
N N
en05000481.vsd
Figure 73: General test connection for a 1½ CB diameter with one-phase

voltage connected to the line side
12.11.1.1 Testing the synchronizing function
This section is applicable only if the synchronizing function is included.
The voltage inputs used are:
UP3LN1 UL1, UL2 or UL3VA, VB or VC voltage inputs on the IED

UP3BB1 Bus1 voltage input on the IED.
UP3BB2 Bus2 voltage input on the IED
UP3LN2 UL1, UL2 or UL3VA, VB or VC voltage from line 2 inputs on the IED
The settings in table 25 shows typical values. The final settings should be used during
testing.
Table 25: Test settings for synchronizing

Parameter Setting
Operation Off
UVBase System voltage level
SelPhaseBus1 UL2
SelPhaseBus2 UL2
SelPhaseLine1 UL2
SelPhaseLine2 UL2

Section 12
Parameter Setting
PhaseShift 0 degrees
URatio 1.00
CBConfig SingleBus
AutoEnerg Off
ManEnerg Off
ManEnergDBDL Off
UHighBusEnerg 80% UBase
UHighineEnerg 80% UBase
ULowBusEnerg 30% UBase
ULowLineEnerg 30% UBase
UMaxEnerg 125% UBase
OperationSynch On
UHighBusSynch 70% UBase
UHighLineSynch 70% UBase
UVDiffSynch 15%UBase
FreqDiffMin 0.01 Hz
FreqDiffMax 0.22 Hz
tMaxSynch 600 sec
OperationSC On
PhaseDiffM 35 degrees
PhaseDiffA 35 degrees
FreqDiffM 0.01 Hz
FreqDiffA 0.01 Hz
UVDiff 15% UBase
tAutoEnerg 0.1 s
tManEnerg 0.1 s
ShortPulse Off
tClosePulse 0.20 s
tBreaker 0.08 s
VTConnection Line
tSyncM 0s
tSyncA 0s
FreqDiffBlock Off
Testing the frequency difference

The frequency difference is in the example set at 0.20 Hz on the local HMI, and the
test should verify that operation is achieved when the FreqDiffSynch frequency
difference is lower than 0.20 Hz. The test procedure below will depend on the settings
used.

Section 12
Procedure
1. Apply voltages U-line = 100% UBase, f-line=50.0 Hz and U-Bus = 100%

UBase, f-bus = 50.2 Hz.
2. Check that a closing pulse is submitted and at closing angle less than 2 degrees
from phase equality. Modern test sets will evaluate this automatically.
3. Repeat with U-Bus = 80% UBase, f-bus=50.25 Hz to verify that the function
does not operate when freqency difference is above limit.
4. Repeat with different frequency differences e.g. 100 mH with f-bus nominal
and line leading and for example 20 mHz (or just above fSynMin) to verify that
independent of frequency difference the closing pulse occurs within 2 degrees.
5. Verify that the closing command is not issued when the frequency difference is
less than the set value fSynMin.
12.11.1.2 Testing the synchronism check
During test of the synchronism check function for a single bay arrangement, these
voltage inputs are used:
U-line UL1, UL2 or UL3 voltage input on the IED.

U-bus U voltage input on the IED
Voltage inputs
At test of the synchrocheck function for a 1½ CB diameter the following alternative
voltage inputs can be used for the three synchrocheck functions. The voltage is
selected by activation of different inputs in the voltage selection logic:
SYN1 U-line UL1 Activate SYN1_FD1CLD

UL2 Activate SYN1_CB2CLD
U4 Activate SYN1_CB2CLD and CB3CLD
U-bus U5 No activation of inputs necessary
SYN2 U-line UL2 Activate SYN2_FD2CLD
U4 Activate SYN2_CB3CLD
U-bus UL1 Activate SYN2_FD1CLD
U5 Activate SYN2_CB1CLD
SYN3 U-line UL1 Activate SYN3_CB2CLD
UL2 Activate SYN3_FD2CLD
U5 Activate SYN3_CB1CLD and CB2CLD
U-bus U4 No activation of inputs necessary
Testing the voltage difference

Set the voltage difference at 15% UBase on the HMI, and the test should check that
operation is achieved when the voltage difference UDiff is lower than 15% UBase.

Section 12
The settings used in the test shall be final settings. The test shall be adapted to site
setting values instead of values in the example below.
Test with no voltage difference between the inputs.
Test with a voltage difference higher than the set UDiffSC
1. Apply voltages U-line (e.g.) = 80% UBase and U-Bus = 80% UBase.
2. Check that the AUTOENOK and MANENOK outputs are activated.
3. The test can be repeated with different voltage values to verify that the function
operates within the set UDiffvalues. Check with both U1 and U2 respectively
lower than the other.
4. Increase the U-bus to 110% UBase, and the U-line = 90% UBase and also the
opposite condition.
5. Check that the two outputs for manual and auto synchronism are not activated.
Testing the phase angle difference

The phase angle differences PhaseDiffM and PhaseDiffA respectively are set to their
final settings and the test should verify that operation is achieved when the phase
angle difference is lower than this value both leading and lagging.
Test with no voltage difference
1. Apply voltages U-line (e.g.) = 100% UBase and U-bus = 100% UBase, with a
phase difference equal to 0 degrees and a frequency difference lower than
fSynchMax.
2. Check that the AUTOOK and MANOK outputs are activated.
The test can be repeated with other PhaseDiff values to verify that the function
operates for values lower than the set ones. By changing the phase angle on
U1 connected to U-bus, between ± dφ degrees. The user can check that the two
outputs are activated for a PhaseDiff lower than the set value. It should not
operate for other values. See figure 74.

Section 12
U-Bus
No operation
+dj
U-Line operation
-dj
U-Bus
en05000551.vsd
Figure 74: Test of phase difference.
3. Change the phase angle between +dφ and —dφ and verify that the two outputs
are activated for phase differences between these values but not for phase
differences outside, see figure 74.
Testing the frequency difference

The frequency difference test should verify that operation is achieved when the
FreqDiff frequency difference is lower than the set value for manual and auto
synchronism check respectively and that operation is blocked when the frequency
difference is bigger.
Test with FreqDiff = 0 mHz
Test with a frequency difference outside the set limits for manual and auto
synchrocheck respectively.
1. Apply voltages U-Line equal to 100% UBase and U-Bus equal to 100%
UBase, with a frequency difference equal to 0 mHz and a phase difference lower
than the set value.
2. Check that the AUTOSYOK and MANSYOK outputs are activated.
3. Apply voltage to the U-line equal to 100% UBase with a frequency equal to 50
Hz and voltage U-bus equal to 100% UBase, with a frequency outside the set
limit.
4. Check that the two outputs are not activated.
The test can be repeated with different frequency values to verify that the
function operates for values lower than the set ones. If a modern test set is used,
the frequency can be changed continuously.
Testing the reference voltage

Procedure
1. Use the same basic test connection as in figure 72.

Section 12
The UDiff between the voltage connected to U-bus and U-line should be 0%,
so that the AUTOOK and MANOK outputs are activated first.
2. Change the U-Line voltage connection to U-Line2 without changing the setting
on the local HMI.
3. Check that the two outputs are not activated.
4. The test can also be repeated by moving the U-line voltage to the U3PLN input.
12.11.1.3 Testing the energizing check
During test of the energizing check function for a single bay arrangement, these
voltage inputs are used:
U-line UL1, UL2 or UL3 voltage input on the terminal.

U-bus U5 voltage input on the terminal
General
At test of the energizing check function for the applicable bus, arrangement shall be
done for the energizing check functions. The voltage is selected by activation of
different inputs in the voltage selection logic.
The test shall be performed according to the settings for the station. Test the
alternatives below that are applicable.
Testing the dead line live bus (DLLB)

The test should verify that the energizing check function operates for a low voltage
on the U-Line and for a high voltage on the U-bus. This corresponds to the energizing
of a dead line to a live bus.
Procedure
1. Apply a single-phase voltage 100% UBase to the U-bus, and a single-phase

voltage 30% UBase to the U-line.
3. Increase the U-Line to 60% UBase and U-Bus to be equal to 100% UBase. The
outputs should not be activated.
The test can be repeated with different values on the U-Bus and the U-Line.
Testing the dead bus live line (DBLL)

on the U-bus and for a high one the U-line. This corresponds to an energizing of a
dead bus from a live line.
Procedure

Section 12
1. Verify the local HMI settings AutoEnerg or ManEnerg to be DBLL.

2. Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% UBase to the U-bus and a single-phase
voltage of 100% UBase to the U-line.
4. Decrease the U-line to 60% UBase and keep the U-bus equal to 30% UBase.
The outputs should not be activated.
5. The test can be repeated with different values on the U-bus and the U-line.
Testing both directions (DLLB or DBLL)

Procedure
1. Verify the local HMI settings AutoEnerg or ManEnerg to be Both.

2. Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% UBase to the U-line and a single-phase
voltage of 100% UBase to the U-bus.
4. Change the connection so that the U-line is equal to100% UBaseVBase and the
U-bus is equal to 30% UBase.
The outputs should still be activated.
5. The test can be repeated with different values on the U-bus and the U-line.
Testing the dead bus dead line (DBDL)

on both the U-bus and the U-line, i.e closing of the breaker in a non-energized system.
Test is valid only when this function is used.
Procedure
1. Verify the local HMI setting AutoEnerg to Off and ManEnerg to DBLL.
2. Set the parameter ManDBDL to On.
3. Apply a single-phase voltage of 30% UBase to the U-bus and a single-phase
voltage of 30% UBase to the U-line.
4. Check that the MANENOK output is activated.
5. Increase the U-bus to 80% UBase and keep the U-line equal to 30% UBase.
The outputs should not be activated.
6. Repeat the test with ManEnerg set to DLLB with different values on the U-bus
and the U-line voltage.
12.11.1.4 Testing the voltage selection
Testing the voltage selection for single CB arrangements

This test should verify that the correct voltage is selected for the measurement in the
energizing check function used in a double-bus arrangement. Apply a single-phase
voltage of 30% UBase to the U-line and a single-phase voltage of 100% UBase to
the U-bus.

Section 12
If the UB1/2OK inputs for the fuse failure are used, they must be activated, during
tests below. Also verify that deactivation prevents operation and gives an alarm.
Procedure
1. Connect the signals below to binary inputs and binary outputs.

2. Connect the voltage inputs to the analog inputs used for each bus or line
depending of the type of busbar arrangement and verify that correct output
signals are generated.
Testing the voltage selection for double breaker or 1½ circuit

breakerbreaker-and-a-half diameter when applicable
This test should verify that correct voltage is selected for the measurement in the
energizing function used for a diameter in a one and a half breaker arrangement. Apply
single-phase voltages to the inputs according to the table 25. “H” means a voltage of
100% UBase and “L” means a voltage of 30% UBase. Verify that correct output
signals are generated.
Procedure
1. Connect the analog signals to the voltage inputs, in pair of two for U1 and U2.
(Inputs U3P - BB1, BB2, LN1, LN2)
2. Activate the binary signals according to the used alternative. Verify the
measuring voltage on the synchrocheck function. Normally it can be good to
verify synchronism check with the same voltages and phase angles on both
voltages. The voltages should be verified to be available when selected and not
available when another input is activated so connect only one voltage
transformer reference at each time.
3. Record your voltage selection tests in a matrix table showing read values and
AUTOSYOK/MANSYOK signals to document the test performed.
12.11.2 Autorecloser (RREC, 79)

Verification of the automatic reclosing function can be considered to consist of two
parts; one part to verify the internal logic and timing of the function and one part to
verify its interaction with the protection system. This section deals with verification
of the auto-reclosing function itself. However it is practical to start the auto-reclosing
function by activating a protection function, e.g. by secondary injection tests.
Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in the section "Overview" and

Section 12
The purpose of verification before commissioning is to check that entered selections,

setting parameters and configuration render the intended result. The function is
flexible with many options and facilities. At commissioning only the selections and
settings intended for use are verified. If one chooses to reduce some time settings in
order to speed up verification, be careful to set the parameters at intended operational
values at the end of the verification procedure. One such parameter is the reclaim time
and could result in a long delay of reclosing shots, e.g. shot 2 and later ones.
The verification test is performed together with protection and trip functions.
Figure 75 illustrates a suggested testing arrangement, where the circuit-breaker (CB)
is simulated by an external bi-stable relay (BR), for example a relay type RXMVB2
or RXMD or Breaker Simulator of ABB. The following manual switches are used:
• Switch or push-button to close (SC)

• Switch or push-button to trip (ST)
• Switch for CB ready condition (SRY)
If no bi-stable relay or breaker simulator is available, replace it with two self-reset

auxiliary relays and use a self-holding connection.
Use a secondary injection relay test set to operate the protection function. The test
set shall be switched off when a trip signal is given or when the BR comes to open
position to simulate real conditions.
The CB simulation can be made more elaborate, including simulation of the operating
gear condition, CBREADY of either the type ready for a Close-Open (CO) cycle, or
the type ready for an Open-Close -Open (OCO) cycle.
The CB condition CBREADY of a type, CO, shall be high (true) until a closing
operation is performed. It then goes low (false) for a recharging time of about 5 - 10
s. After that it is high again.
A CB condition CBREADY of a type, OCO shall be high (true) before and during
tripping (Start reclosing). During tripping it goes low for a recharging time, e.g. 10
s. It may thus be low at the instant of reclosing. After each Open or Close operation
it may need a recharging period before it goes high again.
In the example of CB simulation arrangement, the CBREADY condition is simulated

by a manual switch, SRY.
Information and material for the verification:
• Protection or control unit, Intelligent electronic device (IED), configured and

with settings entered.
• Configuration diagram for the IED
• Terminal diagram for the IED, or plant circuit diagram including the IED
• Technical reference manual for the IED
• Relay test set for secondary injection
• Means to indicate, measure and record operation and times, e.g. an event
recording facility

Section 12
• A bi-stable relay (BR) or two auxiliary relays to simulate a CB

• Two push-buttons (SC, ST) to operate the BR and a change-over switch (SRY)
to simulate CBREADY
• Possibly a switch simulation the Synchronism check (SYNC) condition
IED
AR01 - CLOSE CB
BR
SC
Trip
ST
AR01 - CB POS
SRY
AR01 - CB READY
To test
set
+ -
en04000202.vsd
Figure 75: Simulating the CB operation by a bi-stable relay/breaker simulator

and manual switches
12.11.2.1 Preparation of the verification
Procedure
1. Check the function settings.

In the HMI tree they are found under:
Settings/Setting Group N/Control/Autorecloser(RREC,79)
If any timer settings are reduced to speed-up or facilitate the testing, they shall
be set to normal after testing. A temporary label on the unit can be a reminder
to restore normal settings after which a verification test should be performed.
2. Decide if a synchronism check (SYNC) shall be included in the test.
If SYNC as an internal function or external device is not operated by the
injection, it may be connected as a permanent high signal or controlled by a
switch.
3. Read and make notes of the reclosing operation counters.
Local HMI tree:
Test/Function status/Control/Auto recloser/Autorecloser(RREC,79)

Section 12
Possibly reset the counters to zero. Counters are reset in the RESET menu.
4. Make arrangements for the simulation of the CB, e.g. as in figure 75.
5. Make arrangements for indication, recording and time measurements.
The signals for CBPOS, START, CLOSECB, READY and other relevant
signals should preferably be arranged for event recording with time tagging. If
that is not possible, other means of time measurement and recording should be
arranged.
12.11.2.2 Switching the auto-reclosing function On and Off
Procedure
1. Set the Operation setting to Off and check the state.

2. Set the Operation setting to On and check the state, including SETON and AR-
READY.
The CB should be closed and ready.
3. If external control Off/On is connected, check that it works.
Set Operation to ExternalCtrl, and use that control to switch On and Off, and
check the state of the function
12.11.2.3 Verifying the auto-reclosing function
Select the test cases to be run according to what is applicable to the particular
application. It may for instance be a) three-phase single-shot reclosing, b) two-shot
reclosing or c) single-phase and three-phase single shot reclosing. Below a case with
single-phase and three-phase single-shot reclosing is illustrated.
Procedure
1. Set Operation = On.

2. If SYNC is not to be operated ensure that the SYNC input is activated. If the
SYNC function is to be included, ensure that it is supplied with the appropriate
AC quantities.
3. Simulate CB closed position by closing switch SC to make the BR relay pick-
up.
4. Simulate CBREADY by closing the switch SRY, and leave it closed.
5. Inject AC quantities to give a trip, e.g. 1-phase trip, to the BR and to the
START input.
Observe and preferably record the operation. The BR relay shall trip and reclose
(pick-up). After reclosing, the SRY switch can be opened for about 5 s and then
closed again.
The auto-reclosing open time and the sequence should be checked, for example
in the event recording. Check also the operation indications (disturbance report)
and the operation counters.
Test/Function status/Control/Autorecloser(RREC,79)

Section 12
Should the operation not be as expected, this should be investigated. It could be

caused by an inappropriate setting or missing condition such as CBREADY (or
SYNC at three-phase reclosing).
6. Repeat the sequence by simulating a permanent fault.
Shortly after the reclosing shot a new fault is applied. If a single-shot reclosing
program is selected, there shall be one reclosing operation and then blocking of
the auto-reclosing function for the set Reclaim time.
Before a new reclosing sequence can be run, the CBREADY and CBPOS (CB
closed) must be set manually.
7. Repeat the sequence by simulating a three-phase transient and permanent faults,
and other applicable cases, such as signal to STARTHS and High-speed
reclosing.
If just single-phase reclosing is selected, FirstShot=1ph, a check can be run to
make sure that a three-phase trip does not result in any reclosing. Other similar
cases can be checked as required.
12.11.2.4 Checking the reclosing conditions
When checking the influence of a releasing condition it is suggested to first run a

sequence with the condition fulfilled. When the condition signal is removed, and a
new sequence is run, it indicates that the result was due to the changed condition. In
case of a blocking signal the procedure should be similar. Start without the blocking
or inhibit signal, and then run a sequence with the blocking or inhibit signal added.
Checking the influence of the INHIBIT signal

Procedure
1. Check that the auto-reclosing function is operative, e.g. by making a reclosing

shot without the INHIBIT signal.
2. Apply a fault and thereby a START signal. At the same time, or during the open
time, apply a signal to the input INHIBIT.
3. Check that the reclosing sequence is interrupted and no reclosing takes place.
Check closing onto a fault

Procedure
1. Check that the reclosing function is operative, e.g. by making a reclosing shot.
Keep the CBREADY signal high.
2. Set the breaker simulating relay BR in Open position.
3. Close the BR relay and apply immediately a fault and thereby a START signal.
4. Check that no reclosing takes place.
Checking the influence of CB not ready for reclosing

Procedure

shot.

Section 12
Keep the CB simulator BR closed. Remove the CBREADY signal by opening

SRY.
2. Apply a fault and thereby a START signal.
Checking the influence of synchronism check (at three-phasepole

reclosing)
Procedure
1. Check that the auto-reclosing function is operative, e.g. by making a three-

phase reclosing shot with the synchronism check condition.
Remove the SYNC signal.
2. Apply a fault causing three-phase trip and thereby a START and a TR3P signal.
3. Wait for the tSync time out limit.
Check that no reclosing is made.
Checking the response when auto-reclosing is Off

Procedure

shot.
Set the auto-reclosing Operation Off, e.g. by external control.
The output READY shall be low, and PREP3P shall be high.
2. Apply a fault and thereby a START signal.
Testing auto-reclosing in a multi-breaker arrangement

The usual arrangement is to have an auto-reclosing function per circuit-breaker. They
can be in different CB related units (IEDs) or in a common unit. One auto-reclosing
function (Master) is set with Priority=High and the other (Slave) with
Priority=Low. An illustration of typical interconnections is shown in the Application
manual, section Autorecloser/Setting guidelines. The two functions can be checked
individually by carefully applying START, WAIT, and INHIBIT signals.
It is also possible to verify the two functions together by using CB simulating

equipment and two CB circuits. There should be interconnections from the Master to
the Slave function; WFMASTER - WAIT, and UNSUCCL - INHIBIT, as shown in
the picture referred to above.
Completing the test

After the tests, restore the equipment to normal or desired state. Check the following
items in particular:
Procedure
1. Check the operation counters.

Reset the counters to zero, if that is the user's preference. The counter reset
function is found in the HMI under:

Section 12
Reset/Reset counters/AutoRecloser(RREC,79)/ARnn
2. Restore settings that may have been modified for the tests back to normal.
3. Disconnect the test switch, CB simulating arrangement and test circuits.
Reconnect any links or connection terminals, which may have been opened for
the tests.
4. Reset indications, alarms and disturbance recordings.
Clearing of the disturbance report must be done via the PCM 600 using the
Disturbance handling tool.
12.11.3 Apparatus control (APC)

The apparatus control function consists of four types of function blocks, which are
connected in a delivery-specific way between bays and to the station level. For that
reason, test the total function in a system, that is, either in a complete delivery system
as an acceptance test (FAT/SAT) or as parts of that system.
12.11.4 Interlocking
The interlocking function consists of a bay-level part and a station-level part. The
interlocking is delivery specific and is realized by bay-to-bay communication over
the station bus. For that reason, test the function in a system, that is, either in a
complete delivery system as an acceptance test (FAT/SAT) or as parts of that system.
12.12 Scheme communication
12.12.1 Scheme communication logic for distance protection (PSCH,

85)
Check the scheme logic during the secondary injection test of the impedance or
overcurrent protection functions. For details see the ordering sheets for each particular
IED 670.

Section 12
Activating the different zones verifies that the ZCS signal is issued from the intended
zones. The CS signal from the independent tripping zone must have a tSendMin
minimum time.
Check the tripping function by activating the CR and CRG inputs with the
overreaching zone used to achieve the CACC signal.
It is sufficient to activate the zones with only one type of fault with the secondary
injection.
12.12.1.1 Testing permissive underreach
Procedure
1. Activate the carrier receive (CR) signal in the IED.

2. Apply healthy normal load conditions to the IED for at least two seconds.
3. Apply a fault condition within the permissive zone.
4. Check that correct trip outputs, external signals, and indications are obtained
for the actual type of fault generated.
5. Check that other zones operate according to their zone timers and that the carrier
send (CS) signal is obtained only for the zone configured to generate the actual
signal.
6. Deactivate the carrier receive (CR) signal in the IED.
7. Check that the trip time complies with the zone timers and that correct trip
outputs, external signals, and indications are obtained for the actual type of fault
generated.
12.12.1.2 Testing permissive overreach
Procedure
1. Activate the carrier receive (CR) signal in the IED.

4. Check that correct trip outputs, external signals, and indication are obtained for
the actual type of fault generated.
5. Check that the other zones operate according to their zone timer and that the
carrier send (CS) signal is obtained only for the zones that are configured to
give the actual signal.
6. Deactivate the IED carrier receive (CR) signal.
9. Check that trip time complies with the zone timers and that correct trip outputs,
external signals, and indications are obtained for the actual type of fault
generated.

Section 12
12.12.1.3 Testing blocking scheme
Procedure
1. Deactivate the carrier receive (CR) signal of the IED.

3. Apply a fault condition within the forward directed zone used for scheme
communication tripping.
4. Check that correct trip outputs and external signals are obtained for the type of
fault generated and that the operate time complies with the tCoord timer (plus
relay-measuring time).
5. Check that the other zones operate according to their zone times and that a carrier
send (CS) signal is only obtained for the reverse zone.
6. Activate the IED carrier receive (CR) signal.
7. Apply a fault condition in the forward directed zone used for scheme
communication tripping.
8. Check that the no trip from scheme communication occurs.
9. Check that the trip time from the forward directed zone used for scheme
communication tripping complies with the zone timer and that correct trip
outputs, external signals, and indications are obtained for the actual type of fault
generated.
12.12.1.4 Checking of unblocking logic
Check the unblocking function (if the function is required) when you check the
communication scheme.
Command function with continuous unblocking (Unblock = 1).

Procedure
1. Activate the carrier guard input signal (CRG) of the IED.

2. Using the scheme selected, check that a carrier accelerated trip (TRIP) is
obtained when the carrier guard signal is deactivated.
12.12.2 Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for distance
protection (PSCH, 85)

Section 12
The current reversal logic and the week end infeed functions are tested during the
secondary injection test of the impedance or overcurrent protection zones together
with the scheme communication logic for the distance protection function (PSCH).
12.12.2.1 Current reversal logic
It is possible to check the delay of the CS carrier send signal with tDelay by changing
from a reverse to a forward fault.
By continuously activating the CR input and changing from a reverse to a forward

fault, the delay tDelay can be checked.
Checking of current reversal
The reverse zone timer must not operate before the forward zone fault
is applied. The user might need to block the reverse zone timer during
testing of current reversal.
The forward zone timer must be set longer than 90 ms.
Procedure
1. Activate the carrier receive (CRL) signal.

2. Set the healthy condition to an impedance at 50% of the reach of the reverse
zone connected to IRVL.
3. After the start condition is obtained for reverse zone, apply a fault at 50% of the
reach of the forward zone connected to WEIBLKL1.
4. Check that correct trip outputs and external signals are obtained for the type of
fault generated.
The operation time should be about the tDelay setting longer than the carrier
accelerated trip (TRIP) previously recorded for permissive scheme
communication.
5. Restore the forward and reverse zone timer to its original setting.
12.12.2.2 Weak end infeed logic
WEI logic at permissive schemes

Procedure

Section 12
1. Check the blocking of the echo with the injection of a CR signal >40 ms after
a reverse fault is applied.
2. Measure the duration of the echoed signal by applying a CR carrier receive
signal.
3. Check the trip functions and the voltage level for trip by reducing a phase voltage
and applying a CR carrier receive signal.
Testing conditions
Only one type of fault is sufficient, with PSCH function. Apply three faults (one in
each phase), when ZC1P function is used. For phase L1-N fault, set these parameters:
Phase I (Amps) Phase-angle (Deg) V (Volts) Phase-angle
(Deg)
L1 0 0 Set less than UPN< 0
L2 0 240 63 240
L3 0 120 63 120
Change all settings cyclically for other faults (L2-N and L3-N).
Weak end infeed set for trip
Weak end infeed set for echo
1. Apply input signals according table 25.

2. Activate the carrier receive (CR) signal of the terminal.
3. After the relay has operated, turn off the input signals.
4. Check that trip, carrier-send signal, and indication are obtained.
(note: a 200mS pulse)
5. Apply input signals according table 25.
6. Activate the carrier receive (CR) signal of the terminal.
7. After the relay has operated turn off the input signals.
8. Check that the carrier send signal is obtained.
12.12.3 Local acceleration logic (PLAL)

The logic is checked during the secondary injection test of the impedance measuring
zones.

Section 12
Procedure
1. Provide the terminal with conditions equivalent to normal load for at least two
seconds.
2. Deactivate the conditions for accelerated function.
3. Apply a phase to earth fault at 100% of line impedance.
4. Check that the fault is tripped with the second zone time delay.
5. Provide the terminal with conditions equivalent to normal load for at least two
seconds.
6. Activate the condition for accelerated function either by the auto-recloser or by
the loss of load.
7. Apply a phase to earth fault at 100% of line impedance.
8. Check that the fault is tripped “instantaneously”.
12.12.4 Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent

protection (PSCH, 85)
Before testing the communication logic for residual overcurrent protection, the four
step residual overcurrent protection (PEFM) has to be tested according to the
corresponding instruction. Once this is done, continue with the instructions below.
If the current reversal and weak-end-infeed logic for earth-fault protection is included,
proceed with the testing according to the corresponding instruction after the testing
the communication logic for residual overcurrent protection. The current reversal and
weak-end-infeed functions shall be tested together with the permissive scheme.
12.12.4.1 Testing the directional comparison logic function
Blocking scheme
Procedure

Section 12
1. Inject the polarizing voltage 3U0 at 5% of UBase (directional TEF)and the with
the current lagging the voltage by 65°.
2. Inject current (65° lagging the voltage) in one phase at about 110% of the set
operating current, and switch the current off with the switch.
3. Switch the fault current on and measure the operating time of the EFC logic.
4. Compare the measured time with the set value tCoord.
5. Activate the CR binary input.
6. Check that the CRL output is activated when the CR input is activated.
7. Switch the fault current on (110% of the setting) and wait longer than the set
value tCoord.
9. Reset the CR binary input.
10. Activate the BLOCK digital input.
11. Switch the fault current on (110% of the setting) and wait for a period longer
than the set value tCoord.
12. Switch the fault current and the polarizing voltage off.
13. Reset the BLOCK digital input.
Permissive scheme
Procedure
1. Inject the polarizing voltage 3U0 which is 5% of UBase (Four step PEFM) and
with the current lagging the voltage by 65°.
2. Inject current (65° lagging the voltage) into one phase at about 110% of the set
operating current, and switch the current off with the switch.
3. Switch the fault current on, (110% of the setting) and wait longer than the set
value tCoord.
No TRIP signal should appear, and the CS binary output should be activated.
5. Activate the CR binary input.
6. Switch the fault current on (110% of the setting) and measure the operating time
of the EFC logic.
7. Compare the measured time with the setting for tCoord.
8. Activate the BLOCK digital input.
9. Switch the fault current on (110% of the setting) and wait for a period longer
than the set value tCoord.
10. Switch the fault current and the polarizing voltage off.
11. Reset the CR binary input and the BLOCK digital input.

Section 12
12.12.5 Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for residual
overcurrent protection (PSCH, 85)
First, test the time delayed residual overcurrent protection according to the
corresponding instruction. Then continue with the instructions below.
Logical signals for current reversal and WEI logic for residual overcurrent protection
are available under menu tree:
Test/Functio status/Current protection/ResidualOverCurrent4Step(PEFM,

51N/67N)/TEFn
12.12.5.1 Testing the current reversal logic
Procedure
1. Inject the polarizing voltage 3U0 to 5% of UBase (directional TEF) and the
phase angle between voltage and current to 155°, the current leading the voltage.
2. Inject current (155° leading the voltage) in one phase to about 110% of the
setting operating current (IN>Dir).
3. Check that the IRVL output is activated after the set time (tPickUp).
4. Abruptly reverse the current to 65° lagging the voltage, to operate the forward
5. Check that the IRVL output still is activated after the reversal with a time delay
that complies with the setting (tDelay).
6. Switch off the polarizing voltage and the current.
12.12.5.2 Testing the weak-end-infeed logic
If setting parameter WEI=Echo

Procedure
1. Inject the polarizing voltage 3U0 to 5% of UBase and the phase angle between
voltage and current to 155°, the current leading the voltage.
3. Activate the CRL binary input.

Section 12
No ECHO and CS should appear.

5. Switch off the current and check that the ECHO and CS appears on the
corresponding binary output or on the local HMI unit, about 200 ms after
resetting the directional element.
6. Switch off the CRL binary input.
9. Switch off the polarizing voltage and reset the BLOCK and CRL binary input.
If setting WEI=Trip
Procedure
1. Inject the polarizing voltage 3U03V0to about 90% of the setting (3UO)
operating voltage.
No ECHO, CS and TRWEI outputs should appear.
3. Increase the injected voltage to about 110% of the setting (3UO) operating
voltage.
5. Check that the ECHO, CS and TRWEI appears on the corresponding binary
output or on the local HMI.
6. Reset the CRL binary input.
No ECHO, CS and TRWEI outputs should appear.
9. Reset the CRL and BLOCK binary input.
10. Inject the polarizing voltage 3U0 to about 110% of the setting (3UO) and adjust
the phase angle between the voltage and current to 155°, the current leading the
voltage.
No ECHO, CS and TRWEI should appear.
No ECHO, CS and TRWEI should appear.
14. Switch the current off and check that the ECHO, CS and TRWEI appears on
the corresponding binary output or on the local HMI, about 200 ms after
resetting the directional element.
15. Switch the polarizing voltage off and reset the CRL binary input.

Section 12
12.13 Logic
12.13.1 Tripping logic (PTRC, 94)

section "Preparing for test" in this chapter. This function is functionality tested
together with other protection functions (line differential protection, earth-fault
overcurrent protection, etc.) within the IED. It is recommended that the function is
tested together with the autoreclosing function, when built into the IED or when a
separate external unit is used for reclosing purposes. The instances of the TRP
function are identical except for the name of the function block (TRPx). The testing
is preferable done in conjunction with the protection system and autoreclosing
function.
12.13.1.1 Three phase operating mode
Procedure
1. Make sure that AutoLock and TripLockout are both set to Off.
2. Initiate a three-phase fault
An adequate time interval between the faults should be considered, to overcome
a reclaim time caused by the possible activation of the autoreclosing function.
The function must issue a three-phase trip in all cases, when trip is initiated by
any protection or some other built-in or external function. The following
functional output signals must always appear simultaneously: TRIP, TRL1,
TRL2, TRL3 and TR3P.
12.13.1.2 1ph/3ph operating mode
In addition to various other tests, the following tests should be performed. They
depend on the complete configuration of an IED:
Procedure
1. Make sure that TripLockout and AutoLock are both set to off.
2. Initiate different single-phase-to-earth faults one at a time.
Single phase tripping will only be allowed when an auto-reclose attempt will
follow. Autoreclose function has functionality such as the long trip time, CB
ready etc. which can prevent a proper single phase tripping and auto-reclose.

Section 12
To by-pass this problem the fault initiation should be with a test set and with
the auto-reclose in full service with a test set connected to the distance protection
function. Consider using an adequate time interval between faults, to overcome
a reclaim time of which is activated by the autoreclosing function. Only a single-
phase trip should occur for each separate fault and only one of the trip outputs
(TRLn) should be activated at a time. Functional outputs TRIP and TR1P should
be active during each fault. No other outputs should be active.
3. Initiate different phase-to-phase and three-phase faults.
Consider using an adequate time interval between faults, to overcome a
reclaim time which is activated by the autoreclosing function. A three-phase
trip should occur for each separate fault and all of the trips. Functional outputs
TRIP, all TRLn and TR3P should be active at each fault. No other outputs should
be active.
4. Initiate a single-phase-to-earth fault and switch it off immediately when the trip
signal is issued for the corresponding phase. Initiate the same fault once again
within the reclaim time of the used autoreclosing function.
A single-phase fault shall be given at the first fault. A three-phase trip must be
initiated for the second fault. Check that the corresponding trip signals appear
after both faults. Functional outputs TRIP, TRLn and TR1P should be active
during first fault. No other outputs should be active. Functional outputs TRIP,
all TRLn and TR3P should be active during second fault.
signal is issued for the corresponding phase. Initiate the second single-phase-
to-earth fault in one of the remaining phases within the time interval, shorter
than tEvolvingFault (default setting 2.0 s) and shorter than the dead-time of the
auto-reclosing function, when included in the protection scheme.
Check that the second trip is a three-phase trip and that a three phase
autoreclosing attempt is given after the three phase dead time. Functional
outputs TRIP, TRLn and TR1P should be active during first fault. No other
outputs should be active. Functional outputs TRIP, all TRLn and TR3P should
be active during second fault.
12.13.1.3 1ph/2ph/3ph operating mode
In addition to other tests, the following tests, which depend on the complete
configuration of a IED should be carried out:
Procedure
1. Make sure that AutoLock and TripLockout both are set to off.
2. Initiate different single-phase-to-earth faults one at a time.
Take into consideration an adequate time interval between faults, to overcome
a reclaim time which is activated by the autoreclosing function. Only a single-
phase trip should occur for each separate fault and only one of the trip outputs
(TR01-TRLn) should be activated at a time. Functional outputs TR01-TRIP and
TR01-TR1P should be active at each fault. No other outputs should be active.
3. Initiate different phase-to-phase faults one at a time.

Section 12

a reclaim time which is activated by the autoreclosing function. Only a two-
phase trip should occur for each separate fault and only corresponding two trip
outputs (TRLn) should be activated at a time. Functional outputs TRIP and
TR2P should be active at each fault. No other outputs should be active.
a reclaim time which may be activated by the autoreclosing function. Only a
three-phase trip should occur for the fault and all trip outputs (TRLn) should be
activated at the same time. Functional outputs TRIP and TR3P should be active
at each fault. No other outputs should be active.
signal is issued for the corresponding phase. Initiate the same fault once again
within the reclaim time of the used autoreclosing function.
A single-phase fault shall be given at the first fault. A three-phase trip must be
initiated for the second fault. Check that the corresponding trip signals appear
after both faults. Functional outputs TRIP, TRLn and TR1P should be active
during first fault. No other outputs should be active. Functional outputs TRIP,
all TRLn and TR3P should be active during second fault.
signal is generated for the corresponding phase. Initiate the second single-phase-
to-earth fault in one of the remaining phases within the time interval, shorter
than tEvolvingFault (default setting 2.0 s) and shorter than the dead-time of the
auto-reclosing function, when included in the protection scheme.
Check that the second trip is a three-phase trip and that a three phase
autoreclosing attempt is given after the three phase dead time. Functional
outputs TRIP, TRLn and TR1P should be active during first fault. No other
outputs should be active. Functional outputs TRIP, all TRLn and TR3P should
be active during second fault.
7. Initiate a phase-to-phase fault and switch it off immediately when the trip signal
is issued for the corresponding two phases. Initiate a second phase-to-phase fault
between two other phases within the time interval, shorter than
tEvolvingFault (default setting 2.0 s).
Check, that the output signals, issued for the first fault, correspond to a two- trip
for included phases. The output signals generated by the second fault must
correspond to the three-phase tripping action.
12.13.1.4 Circuit breaker lockout
The following tests should be carried out when the built-in lockout function is used
in addition to possible other tests, which depends on the complete configuration of a
IED.
Procedure
1. Make sure that AutoLock and TripLockout are both set to Off.
2. Activate shortly the set lockout (SETLOCKOUT) signal in the IED.
3. Check that the circuit breaker lockout (CLLKOUT) signal is set.

Section 12
4. Activate shortly thereafter, the reset lockout (RSTLKOUT) signal in the IED.
5. Check that the circuit breaker lockout (CLLKOUT) signal is reset.
A three-phase trip should occur and all trip outputs (TRLn) should be activated.
Functional outputs TRIP and TR3P should be active at each fault. The output
CLLKOUT should not be set.
7. Activate the automatic lockout function, set AutoLock = On and repeat
Beside the trip outputs, CLLKOUT should be set.
8. Reset the lockout signal by shortly thereafter activating the reset lockout
(RSTLKOUT) signal.
9. Activate the trip signal lockout function, set TripLockout = On and repeat
All trip outputs (TRLn) and functional outputs TRIP and TR3P should be active
and stay active after each fault, CLLKOUT should be set.
10. Repeat
All functional outputs should reset.
11. Deactivate the trip signal lockout function, set TripLockout = Off and the
automatic lockout function, set AutoLock = Off.
12.14 Monitoring
12.14.1 Event counter (GGIO)

The function can be tested by connecting a binary input to the counter under test and
from outside apply pulses to the counter. The speed of pulses must not exceed 10 per
second. Normally the counter will be tested in connection with tests on the function
that the counter is connected to, such as trip logic. When configured, test it together
with the function which operates it. Trig the function and check that the counter result
is the same the number of operations.
12.14.2 Event function (EV)

During testing, the IED can be set when in test mode from the PST. The functionality
of the event reporting during test mode is set from the PST as follows:
• Use event masks

• Report no events
• Report all events

Section 12
In Test Mode, individual event blocks can be blocked from the PCM 600.
Individually event blocks can also be blocked from the local HMI under the menu:
Test/Function test modes/Logic(GGIO)
12.14.3 Fault locator (RFLO)

The fault locator function depends on other functions to work properly, i.e. phase
selection information from distance protection function and analog information
supplied by the trip value recorder function. Check that proper binary start and phase
selection signals are connected and voltage and current signals are configured
(parameter settings)
The result is displayed on the local HMI or via PCM 600. Distances to faults for the
last 100 recorded disturbances can be found in the local HMI under the menu:
Disturbance Records/Disturbance #n(n = 1–100)/General Information

If PCM 600 is used the result is displayed on the recording list after upload, including
loop selection information.
Table 26: Test settings

Parameter: Condition:
I Higher than 30% Ir
Healthy conditions U = 63,5 V, I = 0 A & ZF = 0°

Impedance |Z| Test point
Note:
• Zx£ (X0 + 2 · X1)/3 For single-phase faults

• Zx£ X1 For three and two phase faults
• Zx£ (X0 + 2 · X1 XM)/3 For single-phase fault with mutual
zero-sequence current
Impedance angle ZF Test angle
• ZF arctan[(X0 + 2 · X1) / (R0 + 2R1)] For single-phase faults

• ZF arctan(X1/R1) For two-phase faults
12.14.3.1 Measuring the operate limit
Procedure

Section 12
1. Set the test point (|Z| fault impedance and ZF impedance phase angle ) for a
condition that meets the requirements in table 26.
2. Subject the IED to healthy normal load conditions for at least two seconds.
3. Apply a fault condition.
Check that the distance-to-fault value displayed on the HMI complies with the
following equations (the error should be less than five percent):
Z
p = ------x- × 100
X1
(Equation 85)
in % for two- and three-phase faults
3 × Zx
p= × 100
X0 + 2 × X1 (Equation 86)
in % for single-phase-to-earth faults

3 × Zx
p = --------------------------------------------- × 100
X0 + 2 × X1 ± XM
(Equation 87)
in % for single-phase-to-earth faults with mutual zero sequence current.
Where:
p = the expected value of a distance to fault in percent
Zx = set test point on the test set
X0 = set zero-sequence reactance of a line

X1 = set positive-sequence reactance of a line
XM = set mutual zero-sequence impedance of a line
off. Restore connections and settings to the original values, if they were changed for
testing purpose.
12.15 Metering
12.15.1 Pulse counter logic (GGIO)

The test of the pulse counter function requires the Parameter Setting Tool in the PCM
or an appropriate connection to a local HMI with the necessary functionality. A known
number of pulses with different frequencies are connected to the pulse counter input.
The test should be performed with settings Operation = Off/On and the function

Section 12
blocked/deblocked. The pulse counter value is then recorded by the PCM or local
HMI.
12.16 Station communication
12.16.1 Multiple command and trasmit (CM, MT)

This function is only applicable for horizontal communication.
Test of the multiple command function block and multiple trasmit is recommended
to be performed in a system, that is, either in a complete delivery system as an
acceptance test (FAT/SAT) or as parts of that system, because the command function
blocks are connected in a delivery-specific way between bays and the station level
and transmit.
Command and trasmit function blocks included in the operation of different built-in
functions must be tested at the same time as their corresponding functions.
12.16.2 Single command (CD)

For the single command function block, it is necessary to configure the output signal
to corresponding binary output of the terminal. The operation of the function is then
checked from the local HMI by applying the commands with the MODE Off, Steady,
or Pulse and by observing the logic statuses of the corresponding binary output.
Command control functions included in the operation of different built-in functions
must be tested at the same time as their corresponding functions.
12.17 Remote communication
12.17.1 Binary signal transfer to remote end

To perform a test of the binary signal transfer to remote end the hardware (LDCM)
and binary input and output signals to transfer must be configured as required by the
application.
There are two types of internal self-supervision of the binary signal transfer to remote
end:

Section 12
• The I/O-circuit board is supervised as an I/O module. For example it generates

‘FAIL’ if the board is not inserted. I/O-modules not configured are not
supervised.
• The communication is supervised and the signal COMFAIL is generated if a
communication error is detected.
Status for inputs and outputs as well as self-supervision status are available from the
local HMI under the menus:
• Self-supervision status: Diagnostics/Internal events

• Status for inputs and outputs: Test/Function status/Function group/Function
• Remote communication related signals: Test/Function status/
Communication/Remote communication
Test correct functionality by simulating different kind of faults. Also check that sent
and received data is correctly transmitted and read.
A test connection is shown in figure 76. A binary input signal (BI) at End1 is
configured to be transferred through the communication link to End2. At End2 the
received signal is configured to control a binary output (BO). Check at End2 that the
BI signal is received and the BO operates.
Repeat the test for all the signals configured to be transmitted over the communication
link.
Figure 76: Test of RTC with I/O.

198
Section 13
Commissioning and maintenance of the fault clearing system
Section 13 Commissioning and maintenance

of the fault clearing system
About this chapter

This chapter discusses maintenance tests and other periodic maintenance measures.
13.1 Installation and commissioning
The protection relay system is in an "on-guard" situation where they can be inactive
for several years and then suddenly be required to operate within fractions of a second.
This means that maintenance testing with certain time intervals should be performed
to detect failures of the protection IED or the surrounding circuits. This is a
complement to the advanced self supervision in the modern protection IED.
Relays are not expected to deteriorate with usage but extreme conditions such as
mechanical shocks, AC or DC transients, high ambient temperatures, and high air
humidity always have a certain likelihood of causing damages.
Delivered equipment undergoes extensive testing and quality control in the ABB
manufacturing program. All types of IEDs and their integral components have been
subject to extensive laboratory testing during the development and design work. Prior
to series production of a specific IED, it is Type tested according to national and
international standards. Each individual relay in normal production is individually
tested and calibrated before delivery.
Protection relays installed in an apparatus cubicle shall be checked in various ways

before delivery. Insulation test (to check for bad wiring) and complete testing of all
equipment with injection of currents and voltages is performed.
During the design of the station certain steps shall be taken to limit the risk of failures
e.g. all relay coils are connected to negative potential to earth to prevent contact
corrosion due to electrolyte.
Certain circuits are continuously supervised to improve their availability. Examples

of such supervisions are:
• Trip circuit supervision

• Protection DC supply supervision
• DC system earth fault supervision
• Busbar protection CT-circuit supervision

Section 13
Protection relays shall be encapsulated according to environment requirements. In

tropical climates, cubicles are provided with glass-door and ventilation louvres.
Heaters for anti-condensation, often thermostatically controlled are provided. Cubicle
power-loss is limited not to exceed protection IED temperature limits which
according to the IEC standard is 55°C.
13.2 Commissioning tests
During commissioning all protection functions shall be verified with the setting
values used at each plant. The commissioning tests must include verification of all
circuits by green-lining the circuit diagrams and the configuration diagrams for the
used functions.
Further, the settings for protection functions are tested and recorded carefully as
outlined for the future periodic maintenance tests described below.
The final testing will include primary verification of all directional functions where
load currents is checked on the IED through the LHMI or the PCM 600 tool. The
amplitudes and angles of all currents and voltages should be checked and the
symmetry verified.
Directional functions have information about the measured direction and for example
measured impedance. These values must be checked and verified as correct with the
export or import of power available.
Finally final trip tests must be performed. This involves activation of protection
functions or tripping outputs with the circuit breaker closed and the tripping of the
breaker verified. When several breakers are involved each must be checked
individually and it must be verified that the other involved breakers are not tripped
at the same time.
13.3 Periodic maintenance tests
The periodicity of all tests depends on several factors, for example the importance of
the installation, environment conditions, simple or complex equipment, static or
electromechanical relays etc.
The normal maintenance praxis of the user should be followed. However ABB
proposal is to test:
Every second to third year:
• Visual inspection of all equipment.

• Removal of dust on ventilation louvres and relays if necessary.
• Periodic maintenance test for protection relays of object where no redundant
protections are provided.

Section 13
Every four to six years:
• Periodic maintenance test for protection relays of objects with redundant

protection system.
First maintenance test should always be carried out after the first half
year of service.
When protection IEDs are combined with built-in control the test
interval can be increased drastically, up to for instance 15 years,
because the IED continuously reads service values, operates the
breakers etc.
13.3.1 Visual inspection

Prior to testing, the protection IEDs should be inspected in order to detect any visible
damage that may have occurred (dirt or moisture deposits, overheating, etc.). Should
burned contacts be observed when inspecting the relays, a diamond file or an
extremely fine file can be used to polish the contacts. Emery cloth or similar products
must not be used as insulating grains of abrasive may be deposited on the contact
surfaces and cause failure.
Make sure that all IEDs are equipped with covers.
13.3.2 Maintenance tests

To be made after the first half year of service, then with the cycle as proposed above
and after any suspected maloperation or change of the relay setting.
Testing of protection relays shall preferably be made with the primary circuit de-
energized. The relay cannot protect the circuit during testing. Trained personnel may
test one relay at a time on live circuits where redundant protection is installed and de-
energization of the primary circuit is not allowed.
ABB protection relays are preferably tested by aid of components from the
COMBITEST testing system described in information B03-9510 E. Main
components are RTXP 8/18/24 test switch located to the left in each protection relay
and RTXH 8/18/24 test handle which is inserted in test switch at secondary testing.
All necessary operations such as opening of trip circuits, short-circuiting of current
circuits and opening of voltage circuits are automatically performed in the right order
to allow for simple and safe secondary testing even with the object in service.

Section 13
13.3.2.1 Preparation
Before starting maintenance testing the test engineers should scrutinize applicable
circuit diagrams and have the following documentation available: Test instructions
for protection IEDs to be tested. Test records from previous commissioning and
maintenance tests. List of valid settings. Blank test records to fill in measured values.
13.3.2.2 Recording
It is of utmost importance to carefully record the test results. Special test sheets
covering the frequency of test, date of test and achieved test values should be used.
Relay setting list and protocols from previous tests should be available and all results
should be compared for differences. At component failures, spare equipment is used
and set to the requested value. A note of the exchange is made and the new measured
values are recorded. Test records for several years of testing should be stored in a
common file for a station, or a part of a station, to give a simple overview of the period
of testing and achieved test values. These test records are valuable when analysis of
service disturbances shall be done.
13.3.2.3 Secondary injection
The periodic maintenance test is done by secondary injection from a portable test set.
Each protection shall be tested according to the secondary injection test information
for the specific protection IED. Only the setting values adopted shall be checked for
each protection function. If the discrepancy between obtained value and requested
set value is too big the setting should be adjusted, the new value recorded and a note
should be made in the test record.
13.3.2.4 Alarm test
When inserting the test handle the alarm and event signalling is normally blocked.
This is done in IED 670 by setting the Event reporting to off during the test. This can
be done when the test handle is inserted or the IED is set to test mode from the LHMI.
At the end of the secondary injection test it should be checked that the event and alarm
signalling is correct by activating the events and performing some selected tests.
13.3.2.5 Self supervision check
Once secondary testing has been completed it should be checked that no self
supervision signals are activated continuously or sporadically. Especially check the
time synchronizsation system, GPS or other, and communication signals, both station
communication(61850/SPA/LON..) and remote communication, for example line the
differential communication system.

Section 13
13.3.2.6 Trip circuit check
When the protection IED undergoes an operational check, a tripping pulse is normally
obtained on one or more of the output contacts and preferably on the test switch. The
healthy circuit is of utmost importance for the protection operation. If the circuit is
not provided with a continuous trip circuit supervision it is possible to check that
circuit is really closed when the test-plug handle has been removed by using a high-
ohmic voltmeter and measuring between the plus and the trip output on the panel.
The measurement is then done through the tripping magnet of the circuit breaker
(note! Breaker must be closed) and therefore the complete tripping circuit is checked.
Please observe that the test system does not have its built-in security during this test.
If the instrument should be set on Amp instead of Volts, the circuit breaker naturally
is tripped, therefore, greatest care is necessary.
Trip circuit from trip relays to circuit breaker is often supervised by trip circuit
supervision relay. It can then be checked that a circuit is healthy by opening tripping
output terminals in the cubicle. When terminal is opened an alarm shall be achieved
on the signal system after a delay of some seconds. However, remember to close the
circuit directly after the test and tighten the terminal carefully!
13.3.2.7 Measurement of service currents
After a maintenance test it is recommended to measure the service currents and service
voltages recorded by the protection IED. The service values are checked on the IED
670 local HMI or with the PCM 600 tool. Ensure that the correct values and angles
between voltages and currents are recorded. Also check the direction of directional
functions such as Distance and directional overcurrent functions.
For a transformer differential protection the achieved differential current value is

dependent on tap changer position and can vary between less than 1 % up to perhaps
10% of rated current. For line differential functions the capacitive charging currents
can normally be recorded as a differential current.
The zero-sequence current to earth-fault protection relays should be measured. The

current amounts normally very small but it is normally possible to see if the current
circuit is "alive".
The neutral-point voltage to an earth-fault relay is checked. The voltage is normally

0.1 to 1V secondary. However, voltage can be considerably higher due to harmonics
normally a CVT secondary can have around 2.5-3% third harmonic voltage.
13.3.2.8 Restoring
Maintenance is very important to improve the availability of the protection system

by detecting failures before the protection is required to operate. There is however
little point in testing healthy equipment and then putting it back into service with an
open terminal, with a removed fuse or open miniature circuit breaker with an open
connection, wrong setting etc.

Section 13
Thus a list should be prepared of all items disturbed during test so that all can be put
back into service quickly and without overlooking something. It should be put back
into service item by item and signed by the responsible engineer.

Section 14
Fault tracing and repair
Section 14 Fault tracing and repair
About this chapter

This chapter describes how to carry out fault tracing and if necessary, a change of
circuit board.
14.1 Fault tracing
14.1.1 Information on the local HMI

If an internal fault has occurred, the local HMI displays information under:
Diagnostics/IED status/General
Under the Diagnostics menus, indications of a possible internal failure (serious fault)
or internal warning (minor problem) are listed.
Indications regarding the faulty unit are outlined in table 27.
Table 27: Self-supervision signals in the built-in HMI

HMI Signal Name: Status Description
INT Fail OFF / ON This signal will be active if one or more of
the following internal signals are active;
INT--NUMFAIL, INT--LMDERROR, INT--
WATCHDOG, INT--APPERROR, INT--
RTEERROR, INT--FTFERROR, or any of
the HW dependent signals
INT Warning OFF / ON This signal will be active if one or more of
INT--RTCERROR, INT--
IEC61850ERROR, INT--
TIMESYNCHERROR
NUM Fail OFF / ON This signal will be active if one or more of
INT--WATCHDOG, INT--APPERROR,
INT--RTEERROR, INT--FTFERROR
NUM Warning OFF / ON This signal will be active if one or more of
INT--RTCERROR, INT--
IEC61850ERROR
ADMnn READY / FAIL Analog input module n failed. Signal
activation will reset the IED
BIMnn READY / FAIL BIM error. Binary input module Error
status. Signal activation will reset the IED

Section 14
HMI Signal Name: Status Description

BOMn READY / FAIL BOM error. Binary output module Error
status.
IOMn READY / FAIL IOM-error. Input/Output Module Error
status.
MIMn READY / FAIL mA input module MIM1 failed. Signal
activation will reset the IED
RTC READY / FAIL This signal will be active when there is a
hardware error with the real time clock.
Time Sync READY / FAIL This signal will be active when the source
of the time synchronization is lost, or when
the time system has to make a time reset.
Application READY / FAIL This signal will be active if one or more of
the application threads are not in the state
that Runtime Engine expects. The states
can be CREATED, INITIALIZED,
RUNNING, etc.
RTE READY / FAIL This signal will be active if the Runtime
Engine failed to do some actions with the
application threads. The actions can be
loading of settings or parameters for
components, changing of setting groups,
loading or unloading of application
threads.
IEC61850 READY / FAIL This signal will be active if the IEC61850
stack did not succeed in some actions like
reading IEC61850 configuration, startup
etc.
LMD READY / FAIL LON network interface, MIP/DPS, is in an
unrecoverable error state.
LDCMxxx READY / FAIL Line Differential Communication Error
status
OEM READY / FAIL Optical Ethernet Module error status.
Also the internal signals, such as INT--FAIL and INT--WARNING can be connected
to binary output contacts for signalling to a control room.
In the IED Status - Information, the present information from the self-supervision
function can be viewed. Indications of failure or warnings for each hardware module
are provided, as well as information about the external time synchronization and the
internal clock. All according to table 27. Loss of time synchronization can be
considered as a warning only. The IED 670 has full functionality without time
synchronization.
14.1.2 Using front-connected PC or SMS

Here two summary signals appear, self-supervision summary and numerical module
status summary. These signals can be compared to the internal signals as:

Section 14
• Self-supervision summary = INT--FAIL and INT--WARNING

• CPU-module status summary = INT--NUMFAIL and INT--NUMWARN
When an internal fault has occurred, you can retrieve extensive information about the
fault from the list of internal events available in the SMS part:
TRM-STAT TermStatus - Internal Events
The list of internal events provides valuable information, which can be used during
commissioning and during fault tracing.
The internal events are time tagged with a resolution of 1 ms and stored in a list. The
list can store up to 40 events. The list is based on the FIFO principle, when it is full,
the oldest event is overwritten. The list cannot be cleared; its content cannot be erased.
The internal events in this list not only refer to faults in the IED, but also to other
activities, such as change of settings, clearing of disturbance reports, and loss of
external time synchronization.
The information can only be retrieved with the aid of the PST software package. The
PC can be connected either to the port at the front or at the rear of the IED.
These events are logged as internal events.
Table 28: Events available for the internal event list in the IED
Event message: Description Generating signal:
INT--FAIL Off Internal fail status INT--FAIL (reset event)
INT--FAIL INT--FAIL (set event)
INT--WARNING Off Internal warning status lNT--WARNING (reset event)
INT--WARNING lNT--WARNING (set event)
INT--NUMFAIL Off Numerical module fatal error INT--NUMFAIL (reset event)
status
INT--NUMFAIL INT--NUMFAIL (set event)
INT--NUMWARN Off Numerical module non-fatal error INT--NUMWARN (reset event)
status
INT--NUMWARN INT--NUMWARN (set event)
IOn--Error Off In/Out module No. n status IOn--Error (reset event)
IOn--Error IOn--Error (set event)
ADMn-Error Off Analog/Digital module No. n ADMn-Error (reset event)
status
ADMn-Error ADMn-Error (set event)
MIM1-Error Off mA-input module status MIM1-Error (reset event)
MIM1-Error MIM1-Error (set event)
INT--RTC Off Real Time Clock (RTC) status INT--RTC (reset event)
INT--RTC INT--RTC (set event)
INT--TSYNC Off External time synchronization INT--TSYNC (reset event)
status

Section 14
Event message: Description Generating signal:

INT--TSYNC INT--TSYNC (set event)
INT--SETCHGD Any settings in IED changed
DRPC-CLEARED All disturbances in Disturbance
report cleared
The events in the internal event list are time tagged with a resolution of 1 ms.
This means that when using the PC for fault tracing, it provides information on the:
• Module that should be changed.

• Sequence of faults, if more than one unit is faulty.
• Exact time when the fault occurred.
14.2 Repair instruction
Never disconnect the secondary connection of a current transformer

circuit without short-circuiting the transformer’s secondary winding.
cause a massive potential build up that may damage the transformer
and may cause injuries to humans.
Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a

IED during normal service. Hazardous voltages and currents are
present that may be lethal. Operation may be disrupted and IED and
measuring circuitry may be damaged.
An alternative is to open the IED and send only the faulty circuit board to ABB for
repair. When a printed circuit board is sent to ABB, it must always be placed in a
metallic, ESD-proof, protection bag. The user can also purchase separate replacement
modules.
Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations.
Most electronic components are sensitive to electrostatic discharge and latent damage
may occur. Please observe usual procedures for handling electronics and also use an
ESD wrist strap. A semi-conducting layer must be placed on the workbench and
connected to earth.
Disassemble and reassemble the 670 IED accordingly:

Section 14
1. Switch off the dc supply.

2. Short-circuit the current transformers and disconnect all current and voltage
connections from the IED.
3. Disconnect all signal wires by removing the female connectors.
4. Disconnect the optical fibers.
5. Unscrew the main back plate of the IED.
6. If the transformer module is to be changed:
• Remove the IED from the panel if necessary.
• Remove the rear plate of the IED.
• Remove the front plate.
• Remove the TRM screws, both front and rear.
7. Pull out the faulty module.
8. Check that the new module has a correct identity number.
9. Check that the springs on the card rail are connected to the corresponding metallic
area on the circuit board when the new module is inserted.
10. Reassemble the IED.
If the IED 670 has been calibrated with the system inputs, the calibration procedure
must be performed again to maintain the total system accuracy.
14.3 Repair support
If a IED 670 needs to be repaired, the whole IED must be removed and sent to an
ABB Logistic Center. Before returning the material, an inquiry must be sent to the
ABB Logistic Center.
e-mail: offer.selog@se.abb.com
14.4 Maintenance
The IED 670 is self-supervised. No special maintenance is required.
Instructions from the power network company and other maintenance directives valid
for maintenance of the power system must be followed.

210
Section 15
Glossary
Section 15 Glossary
About this chapter

This chapter contains a glossary with terms, acronyms and abbreviations used in ABB
technical documentation.
15.1 Glossary
AC Alternating current
A/D converter Analog to digital converter
ADBS Amplitude dead -band supervision
ADM Analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AR Autoreclosing
ArgNegRes Setting parameter/ZD/
ArgDir Setting parameter/ZD/
ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer
ASD Adaptive signal detection
AWG American Wire Gauge standard
BBP Busbar protection
BFP Breaker failure protection
BIM Binary input module
BOM Binary output module
BR External bi-stable relay
BS British standard
BSR Binary signal transfer function, receiver blocks
BST Binary signal transfer function, transmit blocks
C37.94 IEEE/ANSI protocol used when sending binary signals
between IEDs
CAN Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial
communication
CAP 531 Configuration and programming tool

Section 15
Glossary
CB Circuit breaker
CBM Combined backplane module
CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and
Telephony. A United Nations sponsored standards body
within the International Telecommunications Union.
CCM CAN carrier module
CCVT Capacitive Coupled Voltage Transformer
Class C Protection Current Transformer class as per IEEE/ ANSI
CMPPS Combined mega pulses per second
CO cycle Close-open cycle
Co-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two
twisted pairs making it possible to transmit information in both
directions
COMTRADE Standard format according to IEC 60255-24
Contra-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves four
twisted pairs of with two are used for transmitting data in both
directions, and two pairs for transmitting clock signals
CPU Central processor unit
CR Carrier receive
CRC Cyclic redundancy check
CS Carrier send
CT Current transformer
CVT Capacitive voltage transformer
DAR Delayed auto-reclosing
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (The US
developer of the TCP/IP protocol etc.)
DBDL Dead bus dead line
DBLL Dead bus live line
DC Direct current
DFT Discrete Fourier transform
DIP-switch Small switch mounted on a printed circuit board
DLLB Dead line live bus
DNP Distributed Network Protocol as per IEEE/ANSI Std.
1379-2000
DR Disturbance recorder
DRAM Dynamic random access memory
DRH Disturbance report handler

Section 15
Glossary
DSP Digital signal processor

DTT Direct transfer trip scheme
EHV network Extra high voltage network
EIA Electronic Industries Association
EMC Electro magnetic compatibility
EMF Electro motive force
EMI Electro magnetic interference
EnFP End fault protection
ESD Electrostatic discharge
FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech,
data and protection signals
FOX 512/515 Access multiplexer
FOX 6Plus Compact, time-division multiplexer for the transmission of up
to seven duplex channels of digital data over optical fibers
G.703 Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by
local telephone companies. Can be transported over balanced
and unbalanced lines
GCM Communication interface module with carrier of GPS receiver
module
GI General interrogation command
GIS Gas insulated switchgear
GOOSE Generic object oriented substation event
GPS Global positioning system
GSM GPS time synchronization module
HDLC protocol High level data link control, protocol based on the HDLC
standard
HFBR connector Plastic fiber connector
type
HMI Human machine interface
HSAR High speed auto reclosing
HV High voltage
HVDC High voltage direct current
IDBS Integrating dead band supervision
IEC International Electrical Committee
IEC 60044-6 IEC Standard, Instrument transformers – Part 6: Requirements
for protective current transformers for transient performance

Section 15
Glossary
IEC 60870-5-103 Communication standard for protective equipment. A serial

master/slave protocol for point-to-point communication
IEC 61850 Substation Automation communication standard
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on
twisted-pair or optical fiber cable
IEEE P1386.1 PCI Mezzanine card (PMC) standard for local bus modules.
References the CMC (IEEE P1386, also known as Common
mezzanine card) standard for the mechanics and the PCI
specifications from the PCI SIG (Special Interest Group) for
the electrical EMF Electro Motive Force.
IED Intelligent electronic device
I-GIS Intelligent gas insulated switchgear
IOM Binary input/output module
Instance When several occurrences of the same function are available
in the IED they are referred to as instances of that function.
One instance of a function is identical to another of the same
kind but will have a different number in the IED user
interfaces. The word instance is sometimes defined as an item
of information that is representative of a type. In the same way
an instance of a function in the IED is representative of a type
of function.
IP 1. Internet protocol. The network layer for the TCP/IP protocol
suite widely used on Ethernet networks. IP is a connectionless,
best-effort packet switching protocol. It provides packet
routing, fragmentation and re-assembly through the data link
layer.
2. Ingression protection according to IEC standard
IP 20 Ingression protection, according to IEC standard, level 20
IRF Internal fail signal
IRIG-B: InterRange Instrumentation Group Time code format B,
standard 200
ITU International Telecommunications Union
LAN Local area network
LIB 520 High voltage software module
LCD Liquid crystal display
LDCM Line differential communication module
LDD Local detection device

Section 15
Glossary
LED Light emitting diode

LNT LON network tool
LON Local operating network
MCB Miniature circuit breaker
MCM Mezzanine carrier module
MIM Milli-ampere module
MPM Main processing module
MVB Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally
developed for use in trains.
NCC National Control Centre
NUM Numerical module
OCO cycle Open-close-open cycle
OCP Overcurrent protection
OEM Optical ethernet module
OLTC On load tap changer
OV Over voltage
Overreach A term used to describe how the relay behaves during a fault
condition. For example a distance relay is over-reaching when
the impedance presented to it is smaller than the apparent
impedance to the fault applied to the balance point, i.e. the set
reach. The relay “sees” the fault but perhaps it should not have
seen it.
PCI Peripheral component interconnect, a local data bus
PCM Pulse code modulation
PCM 600 Protection and control IED manager
PC-MIP Mezzanine card standard
PISA Process interface for sensors & actuators
PMC PCI Mezzanine card
POTT Permissive overreach transfer trip
Process bus Bus or LAN used at the process level, that is, in near proximity
to the measured and/or controlled components
PSM Power supply module
PST Parameter setting tool
PT ratio Potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio
PUTT Permissive underreach transfer trip
RASC Synchrocheck relay, COMBIFLEX

Section 15
Glossary
RCA Relay characteristic angle

REVAL Evaluation software
RFPP Resistance for phase-to-phase faults
RFPE Resistance for phase-to-earth faults
RISC Reduced instruction set computer
RMS value Root mean square value
RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data
in point-to-point connections
RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485
RTC Real time clock
RTU Remote terminal unit
SA Substation Automation
SC Switch or push-button to close
SCS Station control system
SCT System configuration tool according to standard IEC 61850
SLM Serial communication module. Used for SPA/LON/IEC
communication.
SMA connector Subminiature version A, A threaded connector with constant
impedance.
SMS Station monitoring system
SNTP Simple network time protocol – is used to synchronize
computer clocks on local area networks. This reduces the
requirement to have accurate hardware clocks in every
embedded system in a network. Each embedded node can
instead synchronize with a remote clock, providing the
required accuracy.
SPA Strömberg protection acquisition, a serial master/slave
protocol for point-to-point communication
SRY Switch for CB ready condition
ST Switch or push-button to trip
Starpoint Neutral point of transformer or generator
SVC Static VAr compensation
TC Trip coil
TCS Trip circuit supervision
TCP Transmission control protocol. The most common transport
layer protocol used on Ethernet and the Internet.
TCP/IP Transmission control protocol over Internet Protocol. The de
facto standard Ethernet protocols incorporated into 4.2BSD

Section 15
Glossary
Unix. TCP/IP was developed by DARPA for internet working

and encompasses both network layer and transport layer
protocols. While TCP and IP specify two protocols at specific
protocol layers, TCP/IP is often used to refer to the entire US
Department of Defense protocol suite based upon these,
including Telnet, FTP, UDP and RDP.
TEF Time delayed earth-fault protection function
TNC connector Threaded Neill Concelman, A threaded constant impedance
version of a BNC connector
TPZ, TPY, TPX, Current transformer class according to IEC
TPS
Underreach A term used to describe how the relay behaves during a fault
condition. For example a distance relay is under-reaching
when the impedance presented to it is greater than the apparent
impedance to the fault applied to the balance point, i.e. the set
reach. The relay does not “see” the fault but perhaps it should
have seen it. See also Overreach.
U/I-PISA Process interface components that deliver measured voltage
and current values
UTC Coordinated universal time. A coordinated time scale,
maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
(BIPM), which forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination
of standard frequencies and time signals. UTC is derived from
International Atomic Time (TAI) by the addition of a whole
number of "leap seconds" to synchronize it with Universal
Time 1 (UT1), thus allowing for the eccentricity of the Earth"s
orbit, the rotational axis tilt (23.5 degrees), but still showing
the Earth"s irregular rotation, on which UT1 is based. The
Coordinated Universal Time is expressed using a 24-hour
clock and uses the Gregorian calendar. It is used for aeroplane
and ship navigation, where it also sometimes known by the
military name, "Zulu time". "Zulu" in the phonetic alphabet
stands for "Z" which stands for longitude zero.
UV Undervoltage
WEI Weak end infeed logic
VT Voltage transformer
X.21 A digital signalling interface primarily used for telecom
equipment
3IO Three times zero-sequence current. Often referred to as the
residual or the earth-fault current
3UO Three times the zero sequence voltage. Often referred to as the
residual voltage or the neutral point voltage

218

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Installation and commissioning manual

Line distance protection IED

Innovation from ABB

© Copyright 2007 ABB. All rights reserved

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. HOWEVER, IN

THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR

Section 2 Safety information..........................................................15

Section 4 Unpacking and checking the IED...................................21

Section 5 Installing the IED............................................................23

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 1

Section 6 Checking the external optical and electrical

2 Installation and commissioning manual REL 670

Binary output circuits...................................................................73

Section 7 Energizing the IED.........................................................75

Section 8 Set up PCM 600 communication link per IED................79

Section 9 Establishing connection and verifying the SPA/IEC-

Section 10 Establishing connection and verifying the LON

Section 11 Configuring the IED and changing settings....................95

Section 12 Verifying settings by secondary injection ......................99

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 3

Preparing for test............................................................................100

4 Installation and commissioning manual REL 670

Verifying the settings............................................................122

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 5

Stub protection (PTOC, 50STB)................................................142

6 Installation and commissioning manual REL 670

Verifying the settings............................................................158

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 7

Scheme communication logic for distance protection (PSCH,

8 Installation and commissioning manual REL 670

Section 13 Commissioning and maintenance of the fault clearing

Section 14 Fault tracing and repair................................................205

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 9

About this chapter

1.1 Introduction to the installation and

1.1.1 About the complete set of manuals for an IED

Application Technical Installation and Operator´s Engineering

The Application Manual (AM) contains application descriptions, setting guidelines

The Technical Reference Manual (TRM) contains application and functionality

The Installation and Commissioning Manual (ICM) contains instructions on how

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 11

1.1.2 About the installation and commissioning manual

12 Installation and commissioning manual REL 670

1.1.3 Intended audience

1.1.4 Related documents

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 13

Documents related to REL 670 Identity number

Connection and Installation components 1MRK 013 003-BEN

Latest versions of the described documentation can be found on www.abb.com/substationautomation

1.1.5 Revision notes

14 Installation and commissioning manual REL 670

Section 2 Safety information

About this chapter

2.1 Warning signs

Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations. Working

Do not touch circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal voltages

Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a

Always connect the IED to protective earth, regardless of the

REL 670 Installation and commissioning manual 15