Conclusion

CONCLUSION
This experiment was all about diffraction which is the slight bending of light as it passes
around the edge of an object. By the use of Snells Law, we were able to get the angle of
refraction. Based on our results, the light waves reaching a given point on the screen each
arrive from a different part of the slit, so their amplitudes must be added, and a pattern results.
In conclusion, the absolute minima or maxima is directly proportional to their patterns
positions.
In this experiment, we were able to obtain a deeper understanding about the

phenomenon on the diffraction of light. We also compared two kinds of diffraction which are
the single slit diffraction and the double slit diffraction. Diffraction can be defined as the
bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings,
while the interference is two waves superimpose to form a resultant wave of greater or lower
amplitude. The pattern formed by the interference and diffraction of coherent light is distinctly
different for a single and double slit. The single slit intensity envelope is shown by the dashed
line and that of the double slit for a particular wavelength and slit width is shown by the solid
line.
MAPA UNIVERSITY
Department of Physics
E405: DIFFRACTION
JAVIER, Alexandria L.
2015108318 BSCESE-2 Group 3
PHY13L-A6
SCORE
Group Report (40)
Analysis (25)
Conclusion (25)
Presentation (10)
Safe Assign Score (30%
max)
TOTAL
Engr. Ericson D. Dimaunahan

Instructor
June 10, 2017
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
Table 1: Single Slit Diffraction
= 0.16 = 90 = 670
(1)(90)(670 107 )
= 1: = =
0.16 101
1 = 0.376875
1 = 0.3

= =

(0.3)(0.16101 )
= (90)(1)
= 5.33 105
= 6.69 105
Table 2: Two Slit Interference
= 0.16 = 0.50 = 90 = 670

(2)(90)(670 107 )
= 2: = =
0.50 101
2 = 0.2412
2 = 0.25
(0.25)(0.5101 )
2 = = (90)(2)
= 6.94 105

5
= 6.64 10
ANALYSIS
This experiment about diffraction was very easy to perform, compared to other
experiments. We were told that it would be normal if we arrive with a high percentage error
because of the inaccuracy from the light source. We didnt encounter any difficulty throughout
the experiment because the design was well made; the procedures were very easy to follow. In
able to arrive with accurate results you must be sure to get the focus right and place the laser
to the brightest position and you must trace the drawing of the fringes carefully and accurately.
Having a sharp eyesight can be very useful in this experiment. The experiment was very easy
to set-up, there were only few materials used which are the optical bench, image screen, single
and multiple slit disk with holder and the diode laser. Firs of all the optical bench must be
placed on the table and the image screen should be positioned at the 100 cm mark. Also,
remember that the diode laser must be facing the screen at the other end of the optical bench
and that the lights must be turned off to make sure that the diffraction pattern is visible and can
be easily determined. The set-up is shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure No.1: Experiment Set-up
All calculations were also done easily because all formulas were very easy to use; there
were no complicated derivations or calculations. We arrived with accurate results and
acceptable percentage errors in this experiments.
The experiment had two parts. The first part was about the single slit diffraction. Lights
that are made of particles have beams that passes through a long narrow slit and then forms a
single spot which can all be seen in the screen placed beyond the slit. Hyugens principle was
also introduced in this part. This principle states that the slit can be divided into equal area
elements, each acting as secondary waves. Since they come from the same source of light, the
difference of the path is equal to the difference of the phase. This principle can be further
explained through the equations shown below.
Equation No.1: Single Slit Diffraction

= ; 2 =
2

= =
2 2

= ; = + + +
1, 2, 3,

=

We started the first part of the experiment by setting up the apparatus, one must take
note that the single slit disk should be incident with the single slit of 0.16 and 0.08 mm. After
that we determined where the central bright fringe of the diffraction pattern formed on the
screen is exactly located. This can be done by using a ruler. When the dark fringes are
visible, you can now then determine their distinct positions.
In the second part of the experiment, we dealt with two slit interference. We can say
that interference can be similar to diffraction in a way. Waves that passes through one of the
two long narrow slits are going to experience diffraction when they pass through each slit but
this time, there will be interference with the waves coming from the other slit. The equations
used in the second part are shown below.
Equation No.2: Double Slit Diffraction

= , = 0, + + +
1, 2, 3,

1
( + 2 )
= , = 0, + + +
1, 2, 3,

When it comes to the second part of the experiment, the single slit disk must be replaced
with the multiple slit disk. The disk should be placed at the incident on the double slit marked
with a width of 0.08 mm. You can adjust the vertical and the horizontal knobs of the diode
laser until it is centered precisely on the double slit and a clear pattern can already be seen on
the screen. After that, we can already determine the middle of the bright fringe located at y =
0 and the positions of the bright fringes.

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CONCLUSION

In this experiment, we were able to obtain a deeper understanding about the

Engr. Ericson D. Dimaunahan

Table 1: Single Slit Diffraction

Table 2: Two Slit Interference

= 0.16 = 0.50 = 90 = 670

Figure No.1: Experiment Set-up

Equation No.2: Double Slit Diffraction

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