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    Veins Form A Well-Markedprostatic Plexus Which Lies Partly in The Fascial Sheath of The

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    Dio Alexander
    The document describes the venous plexuses and veins that drain various parts of the pelvic region and lower abdomen. It discusses the hemorrhoidal, pudendal, vesical, uterine, and vaginal plexuses and their connections. It also describes the common iliac veins, inferior vena cava, and their tributaries that return blood from the lower body to the heart. In total, the document provides detailed information on the venous drainage pathways in the pelvis and lower abdomen.

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    Veins Form A Well-Markedprostatic Plexus Which Lies Partly in The Fascial Sheath of The

    Uploaded by

    Dio Alexander
    13 views3 pages
    The document describes the venous plexuses and veins that drain various parts of the pelvic region and lower abdomen. It discusses the hemorrhoidal, pudendal, vesical, uterine, and vaginal plexuses and their connections. It also describes the common iliac veins, inferior vena cava, and their tributaries that return blood from the lower body to the heart. In total, the document provides detailed information on the venous drainage pathways in the pelvis and lower abdomen.

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    abdo

    Original Title

    Abdominal Venous Plexus

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    The document describes the venous plexuses and veins that drain various parts of the pelvic region and lower abdomen. It discusses the hemorrhoidal, pudendal, vesical, uterine, and vaginal plexuses and their connections. It also describes the common iliac veins, inferior vena cava, and their tributaries that return blood from the lower body to the heart. In total, the document provides detailed information on the venous drainage pathways in the pelvis and lower abdomen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    13 views3 pages

    Veins Form A Well-Markedprostatic Plexus Which Lies Partly in The Fascial Sheath of The

    Uploaded by

    Dio Alexander
    The document describes the venous plexuses and veins that drain various parts of the pelvic region and lower abdomen. It discusses the hemorrhoidal, pudendal, vesical, uterine, and vaginal plexuses and their connections. It also describes the common iliac veins, inferior vena cava, and their tributaries that return blood from the lower body to the heart. In total, the document provides detailed information on the venous drainage pathways in the pelvis and lower abdomen.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The hemorrhoidal plexus (plexus hmorrhoidalis) surrounds the rectum, and

    communicates in front with the vesical plexus in the male, and the uterovaginal plexus in the
    female. It consists of two parts, an internal in the submucosa, and an external outside the
    muscular coat. The internal plexus presents a series of dilated pouches which are arranged in
    a circle around the tube, immediately above the anal orifice, and are connected by transverse
    branches.
    The lower part of the external plexus is drained by the inferior hemorrhoidal veins into the
    internal pudendal vein; the middle part by the middle hemorrhoidal vein which joins the
    hypogastric vein; and the upper part by the superior hemorrhoidal vein which forms the
    commencement of the inferior mesenteric vein, a tributary of the portal vein. A free
    communication between the portal and systemic venous systems is established through the
    hemorrhoidal plexus.
    The veins of the hemorrhoidal plexus are contained in very loose, connective tissue, so that
    they get less support from surrounding structures than most other veins, and are less capable
    of resisting increased blood-pressure.
    The pudendal plexus (plexus pudendalis; vesicoprostatic plexus) lies behind the arcuate
    public ligament and the lower part of the symphysis pubis, and in front of the bladder and
    prostate. Its chief tributary is the deep dorsal vein of the penis, but it also receives branches
    from the front of the bladder and prostate. It communicates with the vesical plexus and with
    the internal pudendal vein and drains into the vesical and hypogastric veins. The prostatic
    veins form a well-markedprostatic plexus which lies partly in the fascial sheath of the
    prostate and partly between the sheath and the prostatic capsule. It communicates with the
    pudendal and vesical plexuses.
    The vesical plexus (plexus vesicalis) envelops the lower part of the bladder and the base of
    the prostate and communicates with the pudendal and prostatic plexuses. It is drained, by
    means of several vesical veins, into the hypogastric veins.
    The Dorsal Veins of the Penis (vv. dorsales penis) are two in number, a superficial and a
    deep. The superficial vein drains the prepuce and skin of the penis, and, running backward
    in the subcutaneous tissue, inclines to the right or left, and opens into the corresponding
    superficial external pudendal vein, a tributary of the great saphenous vein. The deep
    vein lies beneath the deep fascia of the penis; it receives the blood from the glans penis and
    corpora cavernosa penis and courses backward in the middle line between the dorsal arteries;
    near the root of the penis it passes between the two parts of the suspensory ligament and then
    through an aperture between the arcuate pubic ligament and the transverse ligament of the
    pelvis, and divides into two branches, which enter the pudendal plexus. The deep vein also
    communicates below the symphysis pubis with the internal pudendal vein.
    The uterine plexuses lie along the sides and superior angles of the uterus between the two
    layers of the broad ligament, and communicate with the ovarian and vaginal plexuses. They
    are drained by a pair of uterine veins on either side: these
    arise from the lower part of the plexuses, opposite the external orifice of the uterus, and open
    into the corresponding hypogastric vein.
    The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the
    uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on
    either side, into the hypogastric veins.
    FIG. 588 The penis in transverse section, showing the bloodvessels. (Testut.) (See enlarged
    image)

    The common iliac veins (vv. iliac communes) are formed by the union of the external
    iliac and hypogastric veins, in front of the sacroiliac articulation; passing obliquely upward
    toward the right side, they end upon the fifth lumbar vertebra, by uniting with each other at
    an acute angle to form the inferior vena cava. The right common iliac is shorter than the left,
    nearly vertical in its direction, and ascends behind and then lateral to its corresponding
    artery. The left common iliac,longer than the right and more oblique in its course, is at first
    situated on the medial side of the corresponding artery, and then behind the right common
    iliac. Each common iliac receives the iliolumbar, and sometimes the lateral sacral veins. The
    left receives, in addition, the middle sacral vein. No valves are found in these veins.
    The Middle Sacral Veins (vv. sacrales mediales) accompany the corresponding artery along
    the front of the sacrum, and join to form a single vein, which ends in the left common iliac
    vein; sometimes in the angle of junction of the two iliac veins.

    FIG. 589 Vessels of the uterus and its appendages, rear view. (Testut.) (See enlarged
    image)

    Peculiarities.The left common iliac vein, instead of joining with the right in its usual
    position, occasionally ascends on the left side of the aorta as high as the kidney, where, after
    receiving the left renal vein, it crosses over the aorta, and then joins with the right vein to
    form the vena cava. In these cases, the two common iliacs are connected by a small
    communicating branch at the spot where they are usually united.
    The inferior vena cava (v. cava inferior) (Fig. 577), returns to the heart the blood from the
    parts below the diaphragm. It is formed by the junction of the two common iliac veins, on
    the right side of the fifth lumbar vertebra. It ascends along

    the front of the vertebral column, on the right side of the aorta, and, having reached the liver,
    is continued in a groove on its posterior surface. It then perforates the diaphragm between
    the median and right portions of its central tendon; it subsequently inclines forward and
    medialward for about 2.5 cm., and, piercing the fibrous pericardium, passes behind the
    serous pericardium to open into the lower and back part of the right atrium. In front of its
    atrial orifice is a semilunar valve, termed the valve of the inferior vena cava: this is
    rudimentary in the adult, but is of large size and exercises an important function in the fetus
    (see page 540).

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