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Ans 2: Rural tourism is receiving increasing interest, but not all areas have the same
tourism potential, whereas evidence also reveals negative impacts on tourism. It is
therefore important to analyse the tourism phenomenon at the local scale and understand
a most important dimension of the rural tourism experience social interaction. This is
sought and appreciated, for distinct reasons, by both tourists and local communities, but
little is still known about concrete interactions taking place, how these are interpreted, and
may become more satisfactory for all involved.

HOST-GUEST RELATIONSHIP

The host-guest relationship is one of the main factors that influence the social-cultural aspect of
tourism. Tis relationship is very important in order to make sustainable transitions possible and
establish relationship of trust. According to the Doxey's Irridex Model (Fig.1), suggests that:
residents attitudes toward tourism may pass through a series of stages from euphoria, through
apathy and irritation to antagonism, as perceived costs exceed the expected benefits. This
model can be related to the model proposed by Butler, where he explains the lifecycle tourism
that leads or to decline or to rejuvenation. (Fig.2, 3)

Fig.1 Doxey's Irridex Model

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Fig.2 Tourism lifecycle according to Butler

Fig.3 Irritation index table according to Butler and Doxey reseraches

In case of Texel Island it is very important to find out which of these phases has already been
reached and what do the local people expect from the tourists. This can be made by interviewing
the local people. Now only assumptions can be made according to the data available.

We can conclude that most probably, the tourism industry on Texel Island is in the transition
from the development to the consolidation state (Fig.2) Therefore final design of a sustainable
transition for Texel Island in terms of our sub-system Texel as host has to consider following
aspects: routine research to manage and establish the impact of tourism on daily life of local
people, desired and undesired changes on communities, what are the demands of visitors,
willingness of community to participate and benefit from tourism, etc. It can be done using the
YUTPA-analysis, which we decided to do twice: based on data we have and our assumptions and
after making some interviews with local people on the island. Also the YUTPA-analysis in case
of our sub-system topic has to present interests of both tourist and texelaar. The comparison of

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the results would make it easier for us to understand the potential and give ideas on the final
proposal.

Ans 4: The past of Khajuraho is shrouded with mystery and conjecture. In the midst of the wilderness
full of ferocious animals, there is the small town of Khajuraho standing alone in its solitude with its
ancient temples. With hardly any written records and rare references to its origin, the history of
Khajuraho has become trapped in the mythical folklore of the region. The beautiful artwork of these
temples have gained the attention of the art lovers all over the world but the real purpose behind their
construction is a mere guess work of the intellectuals. The These temples fire the imagination of the
visitors with innumerable questions such as their significance and their position in the society, the
reason behind using these temples as an art gallery, the whereabouts of the said kingdom and why only
the temples have been found and there are no ruins of the mansions and palaces in the nearby area.
The graphic representation of sexual and erotic postures in a religious place is bewildering too.

However, if the myth it is to be believed, Khajuraho was known as 'Khajur-vahika' or 'Khajjurpura' in the
ancient times because of its golden date palms (known as 'khajur') that lined the gates of this city. It has
been mentioned in the Mahoba-khand of Chandbardai's (the famous medieval court poet) 'Prithviraj
Raso' that Hemraj, the royal priest of Kashi (the old name for Varanasi), had an exceptionally beautiful
daughter named Hemvati, who was unfortunately a child widow. One summer night, while she was
bathing in a lotus-filled pond, the Moon God was so dazed by her beauty that he descended to earth in
human form full of lust and passion and ravished her. Later, he repented when the distressed Hemvati
threatened to curse him for ruining her honor and dignity and blessed her with a valiant son who would
later become a king and build the temples of Khajuraho. Hemvati left her home and gave birth to a
brave and strong boy child in the tiny village of Khajjurpura. The child was named Chandravarman and it
is said that by the time he was 16 years old, the glorious boy was strong and skilled enough to kill tigers
or lions with his bare hands. With the blessings of the Moon God, his father he became a mighty king
and built the fortress at Kalinjar. Then heeding to his mother's wishes he built 85 legendary temples
surrounded by lakes and gardens at Khajuraho and also performed the bhandya yagya, to wash away
the sins of his mother.

Khajuraho Festival of Dances is celebrated at a time when the hardness of winter begins to fade and the
king of all seasons, spring, takes over. The most colorful and brilliant classical dance forms of india with
their roots in the ling and rich cultural traditions across the country, offer a feast for the eyes during a
weeklong extravaganza here. Since times immemorials, myriad forms of dance have been adsorbed into
the classical dance styles. Watching these performances reveal the age-old trends, trits and nuances
that are firmly estabilished in dance in various regions of india.

The aura of these masterpieces has not dimmed over many centiries; nor have the living traditions of
these styles lost their fluidity and charm over the long passage of time. Indian traditions of dance have
been considered to be divine in origin. In indian mythodilogy, the gods and goddesses are great lovers of
music that comproses vocal singing, instrumental music and dance.

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Some of the gods are great dancers themselves. Shiva's cosmic dance, the Tandava, Lord Krishna's Rass
Leela with the Gopis (female partners), and the legendry beautiful and most skilled dancers known as
apsaras, such as Menaka, Urvashi and Rambha, in the celestical court of Lord Indra, the King of Gods, are
well versed in the heavenly art of music and dance. These dances of the mind and soul pervade all
aspects of life and bring color, joy and gaiety to the festivals and ceremonies of this country.

For ages this etoss has continued in the realm of art and culture of india nad embedded into the diverse
dance styles prevalent in various parts of the country. These dances materialize against the backdrop of
the glorious temples of Khajuraho, which stand a testimony to the glorious past of India's cultural
richness. This temple complex glows with the warmth of sandstone which is ornamented with the sinous
curves of sculpture unparalleled in their beauty.

Paying rich tributes to those unnamed and forgotten sculptors, who built these monuments
masterpieces, a Hindi poet has rightly said.

Ans 3 b): Ethnic Tourism: Ethnic tourism (or so called sentimental tourism) relates mainly to
international travel. Participants of ethnic tourism are searching for their identity, roots, origin
and values. Sentimental tourism is often identified with ethnic tourism, which is not necessarily
right. The term "ethnic tourism" in the scientific literature is understood in two ways. In the first
approach it is treated as field trips to learn and make contacts with people of different cultural
areas (desire to experience cultural diversity), while in the second as the traveling of people of
the same ethnic group. And it is hard to precisely differentiate ethnic tourism from a sentimental
tourism.

Ethnic tourism is "travel motivated by search for the first hand, authentic and sometimes intimate
contact with people whose ethnic and /or cultural background is different from the tourists".
Ethnic tourists are driven by the desire to see something different where curiosity is the ultimate
factor. The travelers choose to experience first-hand the practices of another culture, and may
involve performances, presentations and attractions portraying or presented by indigenous
communities. In a broader perspective, it includes cultural, heritage, anthropological, tribal,
village and similar forms of tourism. Ethnic tourism, if properly planned and managed, can be
promoted as sustainable form of tourism and can be utilized as a tool for the preservation and
conservation of culture and heritage as well as poverty alleviation. India, rich with its cultural
diversity, grand heritage and inimitable history, is a world famous cultural tourism destination.
The focal point of India's attractiveness as a destination is it's diverse ethnicity.

Ans 3 c): Cultural Tourism (or culture tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a traveler's
engagement with a country or region's culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those
geographical areas, the history of those people, their art, architecture, religion(s), and other elements
that helped shape their way of life.

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Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural
facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showcasing the
traditions of indigenous cultural communities (i.e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle, as well
as niches like industrial tourism and creative tourism.

It is generally agreed that cultural tourists spend substantially more than standard tourists do. This form
of tourism is also becoming generally more popular throughout the world, and a recent OECD report has
highlighted the role that cultural tourism can play in regional development in different world regions.

Cultural tourism has been defined as 'the movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their
normal place of residence, with the intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their
cultural needs'. These cultural needs can include the solidification of one's own cultural identity, by
observing the exotic "other".

Cultural tourism has a long history, and with its roots in the Grand Tour is arguably the original form of
tourism. It is also one of the forms of tourism that most policy makers seem to be betting on for the
future. The World Tourism Organisation, for example, asserted that cultural tourism accounted for 37%
of global tourism, and forecast that it would grow at a rate of 15% per year. Such figures are often
quoted in studies of the cultural tourism market (e.g. Bywater, 1993), but are rarely backed up with
empirical research.

Ans 10: Heritage Hotels cover running hotels in palaces/castles/forts/havelies/hunting loges/ residence
of any size built prior to 1950. The facade, architectural features and general construction should have
the distinctive qualities and ambience in keeping with the traditional way of life of the area. The
architecture of the property to be considered for this category should not normally be interfered with.
Any extension, improvement, renovation, change in the existing structures should be in keeping with
the traditional architectural styles and constructional techniques harmonising the new with the old.
After expansion/renovation, the newly built up area added should not exceed 50% of the total built up
(plinth) area including the old and new structures. For this purpose, facilities such as swimming pools,
lawns etc. will be excluded. Heritage Hotels will be sub-classified in the following categories:

Heritage:

This category will cover hotel in Residences/Havelies/Hunting Lodges/Castles/Forts/ Palaces built prior
to 1950. The hotel should have a minimum of 5 rooms (10 beds).

Heritage Classic:

This category will cover hotels in Residences/Havelies/Hunting Lodges/Castles/Forts/ Palaces built Prior
to 1935. The hotel should have a minimum of 15 room (30 beds).

Heritage Grand:

This category will cover hotels in Residence/Havelies/Hunting Lodges/Castles/Forts/ Palaces built prior
to 1935. The hotel should have minimum of 15 rooms (30 beds).

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Room & Bath Size:

No room or bathroom size is prescribed for any of the categories. However, general ambience, comfort
and imaginative readaptation would be considered while awarding sub-classification classic or grand.

SPECIAL FEATURES:

Heritage:

General features and ambience should conform to the overall concept of heritage and architectural
distinctiveness.

Heritage Classic:

General features and ambience should conform to the overall concept of heritage and architectural
distinctiveness. The hotel should provide at least one of the under mentioned sporting facilities.

Heritage Grand:

General features and ambience should conform to the overall concept of heritage and architectural
distinctiveness. However, all public and private areas including rooms should have superior appearance
and decor. At least 50% of the rooms should be air-conditioned (except in hill stations where there
should be heating arrangements). The hotel should also provide at least two of the under mentioned
sporting facilities.

SPORTING FACILITIES:

Swimming Pool, Health Club, Lawn Tennis, squash, Riding, Golf Course, provided the ownership vests
with the concerned hotel. Apart from these facilities, credit would also be given for supplementary
sporting facilities such as Golf, Boating, Sailing, Fishing or other adventure sports such as Ballooning,
Parasailing, Wind-surfing, Safari excursions, Trekking etc. and indoor games.

GENERAL FEATURES:

There should be adequate parking space for cars. All public rooms and areas and the guest rooms should
be well maintained and well equipped with quality carpets/area rugs/good quality duries, furniture,
fittings etc. in good taste and in keeping with the traditional lifestyle. If carpeting is not provided, the
quality of flooring should be very good (This is not to suggest that old and original flooring whether in
stone or any other material should be replaced unnecessarily). The guest rooms should be clean, airy,
pest free without dampness and musty odour, and of reasonably large size with attached bathrooms
with modern facilities (e.g. flush commodes, wash basins, running hot and cold water, etc.). There
should be a well appointed lobby and/or lounge equipped with furniture of high standard with separate
ladies and gents cloak rooms with good fittings.

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Ans 9 a): The International Kite Festival (Uttarayan) is regarded as one of the biggest festivals
celebrated. Months before the festival, homes in Gujarat begin to manufacture kites for the festival.

The festival of Uttarayan marks the day when winter begins to turn into summer, according to the
Indian calendar. It is the sign for farmers that the sun is back and that harvest season is approaching
which is called Makara Sankranti. This day is considered to be one of the most important harvest day in
India. Many cities in Gujarat organize kite competition between their citizens where the people all
compete with each other. In this region of Gujarat and many other states, Uttarayan is such a huge
celebration that it has become a public holiday in India for two days. During the festival, local food such
as Undhiyu (a mixed vegetable including yam and beans), sesame seed brittle and Jalebi is served to the
crowds.

The festival takes place on 14 January of each year during the Makar Sankranti and continues until 15
January. This date marks the end of winter and the return of a more clement weather for farmers of the
Gujarat region. These days have also become a public holiday within the Gujarat state of India so that
everyone can take part in the celebration. 15th January is known as ' Vasi Uttarayan '.

History

The symbolism of this festival is to show the awakening of the Gods from their deep sleep. Through
India's history, it is said that India created the tradition of kite flying due to the kings and Royalties later
followed by Nawabs who found the sport entertaining and as a way to display their skills and power. It
began as being a sport for kings, but over time, as the sport became popular, it began to reach the
masses. Kite flying has been a regional event in Gujarat for several years. However the first International
Festival was celebrated in 1989 when people from all across the globe participated and showcased their
innovative kites. In the recent 2012 event, The International Kite Festival was inaugurated by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi in the presence of Governor Dr. Kamla.

Ans 9 c): Elephant Festival is a festival celebrated in Jaipur city in Rajasthan state in India. It is held on
the day of Holi festival, usually in the month of March. The festival features Elephant polo and Elephant
Dance. The Elephant Festival begins with a beautiful procession of bedecked elephants, camels, horses
and folk dancers. The owners proudly embellish their elephants with vibrant colours, jhools (saddle
cloth) and heavy jewellery. It is quite a treat to see female elephants wearing anklets, which tinkle as
they walk. One can see people sprinkling 'gulaal' (coloured powder) perched on top of the elephant. The
most beautifully decorated elephant is awarded. Elephant polo, Elephant race, the tug-of-war between
Elephants and 19 men and women are the featured events of the festival. The elephants are also
outfitted in ear danglers and brocade scarves to embellish their ears and necks. The Mahouts, who are
known as the caretakers of the elephants, decorate the foreheads of the animals with head-plates as
well as garnish their tusks with gold, silver bracelets and rings. Other events that take place during the
festival include a polo match and a tug of war contest, where the strongest elephant is chosen to
compete against a group of ten people.

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Although the festival is primarily based on elephants, other animals such as camels and horses also
participate in the elephant festival.

The Elephant Festival is considered one of the most popular and celebrated events in the city of Jaipur.
Since the festival was introduced, the ceremony has managed to attract a variety of outsiders to the
festive event. Elephants symbolize royalty according to the traditions of Rajasthan. The Elephant is also
believed to be associated with Buddhism and Jainism. In fact, the elephant itself has a historical
significance in Indian traditions. According 2 Indian Mythology, devas (gods) add the asuras (demons)
stirred the ocean, in the hopes that they would become eternal. Suddenly, nine jewels also known as the
navratnas surfaced from the ocean. Of the nine jewels that reappeared, one of them was an elephant.
Since then, the elephant has been regarded as a sacred and precious animal.

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